lo político

21
 EN-CLAVES del pensamiento, año V, núm. 10, julio-diciembre 2011, pp. 105-124. 105 Resumen E -     Palabras clave FRAGMENTOS SOBRE LO POLÍTICO APROXIMACIONES DESDE ESPOSITO, RANCIÈRE, NANCY, NEGRI Y AGAMBEN MARIO T EODORO RAMÍREZ* UMSNH -

Upload: nicosuarez

Post on 06-Oct-2015

6 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

DESCRIPTION

comunidad

TRANSCRIPT

  • EN-CLAVES del pensamiento, ao V, nm. 10, julio-diciembre 2011, pp. 105-124.105

    Resumen

    E OHQVD\RTXLHUHUHHMDUGHVGHVXWtWXORHOFDUiFWHUIUDJPHQWDULRGHODUHH[LyQVREUHORSROtWLFR\ODLGHDGHTXHHVWDIUDJPHQWDULHGDGUHVSRQGHHQUHDOLGDGDXQDFRQFHSFLyQGHODSROtWLFD\GHODVUHODFLRQHVHQWUHORVRItD\SROtWLFD/DORVRItDQRHVPiVXQPHWDGLVFXUVRTXHDSULRULGHWHUPLQD\GHQHODVFRQGL-FLRQHV\ORVQHVGHODYLGDSROtWLFD$SDUWLUGHORFXDOODIXQFLyQGHODLGHRORJtDHQODSROtWLFDTXHGDFXHVWLRQDGDFRQORFXDOTXHGDUHYHODGDODUHDOLGDGLQVXPLVDGHORSROtWLFRVXQRYHGDGVXVSHOLJURV\VXVYHQWDMDV(QHOHQVD\RVHUHYLVDQEUHYHPHQWHDOJXQRVFRQFHSWRVFODYHHQHVWDLQQRYDFLyQGHODUHH[LyQSROtWLFD UHSUHVHQWDFLyQFRPXQLGDGPXOWLWXGSRGHUSRWHQFLDLPSRWHQFLDLQPDQHQFLDGH PRFUDFLDUDGLFDO\VHUHHUHQ\FRPHQWDQDDXWRUHVFRPR5REHUWR(VSRVLWR-DFTXHV5DQFLqUH-HDQ/XF1DQF\7RQL1HJUL*LRUJLR$JDPEHQ

    Palabras claveSROtWLFDORVRItDFRPXQLGDGGHPRFUDFLD1DQF\

    FRAGMENTOS SOBRE LO POLTICOAPROXIMACIONES DESDE ESPOSITO, RANCIRE,

    NANCY, NEGRI Y AGAMBEN

    MARIO TEODORO RAMREZ*

    3URIHVRU,QYHVWLJDGRU,QVWLWXWRGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV)LORVyFDVUMSNH0RUHOLD0p[LFRPD-ULRWHR#\DKRRFRPP[

  • 0DULR7HRGRUR5DPtUH]

    EN-CLAVES del pensamiento, ao V, nm. 10, julio-diciembre 2011, pp. 105-124.

    Abstract

    6LQFHLWVWLWOHWKLVHVVD\ZDQWVWRUHHFWWKHIUDJPHQWDU\QDWXUHRIWKHUHDVRQLQJRIWKHSROLWLFDOSKHQRPHQRQ6XFKIUDJPHQWHGQDWXUHLVDFWXDOO\DUHVXOWRIWKHFRQFHSWLRQRISROLWLFVDQGWKHUHODWLRQEHWZHHQSKLORVRSK\DQGSROLWLFV3KLOR-VRSK\LVQRORQJHUDQDSULRULGLVFRXUVHWKDWGHWHUPLQHVDQGGHQHVFRQGLWLRQVDQGHQGVRISROLWLFDO OLIH+HQFH LGHRORJ\V IXQFWLRQ LQSROLWLFV LV LQTXHVWLRQWKXVUHYHDOLQJSROLWLFVXQVXEPLVVLYHUHDOLW\ZLWKLWVGHULYHGQRYHOW\GDQJHUVDQGDGYDQWDJHV.H\FRQFHSWVRIWKLVLQQRYDWLRQDUHUHYLHZHGWKURXJKRXWWKHHVVD\UHSUHVHQWDWLRQFRPPXQLW\PXOWLWXGHSRZHUSRWHQWLDOLPSRWHQFHLPPDQHQFHUDGLFDOGHPRFUDF\WKH\DUHOLQNHGWRDXWKRUVRIWKHOLNHRI5REHUWR(VSRVLWR-DFTXHV5DQFLqUH-HDQ/XF1DQF\7RQL1HJUL*LRUJLR$JDPEHQ

    Key words:SROLWLFVSKLORVRSK\FRPPXQLW\GHPRFUDF\1DQF\

    Introduccin

    &RQODVXVSLFDFLDGHTXHODFULVLVFRQWHPSRUiQHDGHODSROtWLFDVHDPiVUDGLFDOGH ORTXHSDUHFHQRVSODQWHDPRVEXVFDUDOJXQDVDOWHUQDWLYDV WHyULFDVSDUDHQFDUDUODHQSULQFLSLRTXHQRVSHUPLWDQFDODUKRQGRHQVXFRPSUHQVLyQ3DUDDFHUFDUQRVDDOJXQDUHVSXHVWDDHVWDVFXHVWLRQHV\GDGDVXFRPSOHMLGDG\QXHVWUDGHFLVLyQGHQRGHMDU VXHOWDQLQJXQDGH ODVSXQWDVGHHVWDPDGHMDTXHUHPRVSUHVHQWDUVRODPHQWHDOJXQDVREVHUYDFLRQHVIUDJPHQWDULDVVREUHORVWHPDVDFRODFLyQDWUDYpVGHOFRPHQWDULRGHDOJXQRVDXWRUHVUHFLHQWHVTXHPiVDOOiGHTXHVXVWH[WRVKD\DQFDtGRHQQXHVWUDVPDQRVQRPDQWLHQHQHQWUHVtQHFHVDULDPHQWHXQDUHODFLyQVLVWHPiWLFD\FRQJUXHQWH/DIUDJPHQWDULHGDGGHQXHVWURVFRPHQWDULRVUHVXOWDHQWRGRFDVRVXSRQHPRVFRQJUXHQWHFRQODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVPLVPDVGHDTXHOORVREUHORTXHKDEODPRV6LUYDQFRPRSUH WH[WRSDUDHOGLiORJR'HHVWDPDQHUD\SRU ORPHQRVFRQXQDIiQ LQIRUPDWLYRGDPRVFXHQWD

    SULPHURGHODSRVWXUDVREUHHOHVWDWXWRGHODORVRItDSROtWLFDGHYDULRVGHORVSHQVDGRUHVTXHFRPHQWDUHPRVORTXHDSXQWDDODUHGHQLFLyQGHXQQXHYRHVSDFLRGHODUHH[LyQSROtWLFDPiVDOOiGHODWHRUtDGHOSRGHUSHURWDPELpQPiVDOOiGHVXFUtWLFDHPEDXFDGD1/DIUDJPHQWDFLyQGHODVQRFLRQHVGRPLQDQWHV

    16REUHHOSDVRGHXQDORVRItDSROtWLFDHQHOVHQWLGRFOiVLFRDXQDORVRItDGHORSROtWLFRFRPRUHH[LyQVREUHHOIXQGDPHQWRDXVHQWHGHORSROtWLFRODSUHHPLQHQFLDGHODFRQWLQJHQFLDOD

  • EN-CLAVES del pensamiento, ao V, nm. 10, julio-diciembre 2011, pp. 105-124.

    )UDJPHQWRVVREUHORSROtWLFR 107

    GHODORVRItDSROtWLFDQRVUHPLWHHQSULPHUDLQVWDQFLDDODGHFRQVWUXFFLyQGHODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQODHVWUDWDJHPDSROtWLFRFXOWXUDOGHODPRGHUQLGDGHQJHQHUDO&RQWLQXDQGRFRQHOUpTXLHPSRUODVQRFLRQHVFOiVLFDVODGH(VWDGR\DQLVLTXLH UDODFRQVLGHUDPRVQRVRFXSDPRVGHODUHH[LyQVREUHHOQGHODFRPXQLGDGHQODFRQYHUJHQWHHODERUDFLyQWHyULFDGHYDULRVSHQVDGRUHVGHODV~OWLPDVGpFD-GDV&RPRXQHMHPSORGHYtDVDOWHUQDVTXHQRVEULQGDHOSHQVDPLHQWRDFWXDOPiVDOOiGHODGLFRWRPtDLQGLYLGXRFROHFWLYLGDGUHIHULPRVODQRFLyQGHPXOWLWXGGH1HJULSDUDHQHOKRUL]RQWHGHOHX]LDQR\VSLQR]LVWDHQTXHVHKDPRYLGRHVWHPDOWUDWDGRSHQVDGRULWDOLDQRUHSHQVDUODVQRFLRQHVGHSRGHUSRWHQFLDHLPSRWHQFLD\ODLGHDPLVPDGHLQPDQHQFLD&RQFOXLPRVFRQODLQWHUURJDFLyQSRUORTXHSXHGHVLJQLFDUDOQXQDGHPRFUDFLDDEVROXWDXQH[WUHPLVPRGH-PRFUiWLFRORFXUD\OXFLGH]DOPLVPRWLHPSRGHQXHVWURVGtDVODpSRFDGHOD LQJREHUQDELOLGDGHOPXQGRGHORVLQJREHUQDEOHVGHORVOLEUHVTXL]i

    (OOtPLWHGHODORVRItDSROtWLFD

    (OVHQWLGRPiVDPSOLRGHODFULVLVGHODSROtWLFD\GHODQHFHVLGDGGHUHIRUPXODUVXVFRQGLFLRQHVGHHIHFWXDFLyQSXHGHVLQWHWL]DUVHHQHOFRQFHSWRODIyUPXODde lo impolticoWDOFRPRKDVLGRSODQWHDGDSRU5REHUWR(VSRVLWR6HJ~QpOLPSROtWLFRQRHVORDQWLSROtWLFRRORDSROtWLFRHVHQSULQFLSLRuna crtica precisa de lo poltico y de la poltica1RVHRSRQHDODSROtWLFDHQHOVHQWLGRGHSODQWHDUVXGLVROXFLyQR OD UHGXFFLyQGH VX YDORU OD DQWLSROtWLFD WDPSRFR FRQVLVWHVLPSOHPHQWHHQHOPHURQHJDUVHSRUDSDWtDSRUGHVLQWHUpVDODSDUWLFLSDFLyQSROtWLFDVLQLPSOLFDUQLQJ~QMXLFLRQLQLQJXQDSRVWXUDDFHUFDGHODSROtWLFDH[LV-WHQWHHODSROtWLFRODDSROtWLFD/DLPSROtWLFDQRQLHJDQLVHQLHJDDODSROtWLFD3HURQRODDFHSWDFRPRHVWiQLDFHSWDORVWpUPLQRVFRQORVTXHVHDXWRGHQHFXHVWLRQD\GHPRGRUDGLFDOORVSUHVXSXHVWRVLGHROyJLFRVKDVWDPHWDItVLFRVGHWRGDSROtWLFDH[LVWHQWH9HDPRVODSURSLDH[SOLFDFLyQGH(VSRVLWR

    /RLPSROtWLFRHQVXPDQRWLHQHQDGDGHSRVWXUDPHUDPHQWHDSROtWLFDRDQWLSR-OtWLFDSRUTXHQRFRQWUDSRQHDODSROtWLFDQLQJ~QYDORUWUDVFHQGHQWHRVXSHULRU1RHVyELFHSDUDTXHH[LVWDXQDHVIHUDH[WHUQDDOFRQLFWRSROtWLFR\DODVIXHU]DVTXHORGHWHUPLQDQSHUR\KHDTXtVXHOHPHQWRFDUDFWHUtVWLFRORLPSROtWLFRUHK~VDDOPLVPRWLHPSRWRGDIRUPDGHOHJLWLPDFLyQpWLFDRLQFOXVR

    LUUHGXFWLELOLGDGGHOFRQLFWRVHJXLPRVDTXtWDPELpQFRQRWURVSHUVRQDMHVWHyULFRVODQDUUDFLyQ\ODSHUVSHFWLYDORVyFDGH2OLYHU0DUFKDUWEl pensamiento poltico posfundacional. La diferencia poltica en Nancy, Lefort, Badiou y Laclau%XHQRV$LUHVFCE, 2009.

  • 108 0DULR7HRGRUR5DPtUH]

    EN-CLAVES del pensamiento, ao V, nm. 10, julio-diciembre 2011, pp. 105-124.

    WHROyJLFDGHWDOHVIXHU]DVWRGDWHQWDWLYDGHFRQIHULUYDORUDOKHFKRGHVQXGRGHODSROtWLFDHVGHFLUDOHQIUHQWDPLHQWRSRUHOSRGHU2

    (OSXQWRGHYLVWDGHORLPSROtWLFREXVFDUtDFRPSUHQGHUFRPRODSDODEUDORLQGLFDODQHJDWLYLGDGGHORSROtWLFRQRHQHOVHQWLGRXVXDOFRPRORPDORRORFXHVWLRQDEOHVLQRHQHOVHQWLGRORVyFRKHJHOLDQRKHLGHJJHULDQRGHODQHJDWLYLGDGFRPRODVRPEUDRODFRQWUDSDUWHGHDOJRTXHLJXDOFRQVWLWX\HDOVHUGHHVHDOJRHQHVWHFDVRFRPRODFRQWUDSDUWHGHORSROtWLFRTXHpOPLVPRLPSOLFD\FRQOOHYD\TXHHQFLHUWDPHGLGDFRQWLHQHHOVHFUHWRGHVXSURSLRVHU/RLPSROtWLFRPiVELHQORXOWUDSROtWLFRUHVXOWDXQDUDGLFDOL]DFLyQGHORSURSLRSROtWLFRPiVDOOiGHODVFRQGLFLRQHVLGHROyJLFDVTXHORDFRPSDxDQ/RLPSROtWLFRHVHOUHFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODHVHQFLDGHVQXGDGHORSROtWLFR$OJRTXHVyORSXHGHKDFHUVHGHVGHHOHMHUFLFLRGHOSHQVDPLHQWR&RQTXpQ"1LPiVQLPHQRVFRQHOGHHQFRQWUDUODPDQHUDGHGLVHxDU\DQRVyORXQDQXHYDGHQLFLyQWHyULFDVLQRXQDQXHYDSUD[LV3HURQRVHVWDPRVDGHODQWDQGR(QGLYHUVDVRFDVLRQHVFLWD(VSRVLWRXQDH[SUHVLyQGH6LPRQH:HLOGRQGH

    VHxDODHODJRWDPLHQWRVHPiQWLFRGHODWHUPLQRORJtDSROtWLFDFOiVLFDODSpUGLGDGHVHQWLGRGHORVFRQFHSWRVPiVFRQVSLFXRVFRQORVTXHSHQVDPRV\DFWXDPRVSROtWLFDPHQWHVREHUDQtD UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ OHJLWLPLGDGGHPRFUDFLDHWFpWHUD3 'HVGHDKtHOSHQVDGRULWDOLDQRSODQWHDODQHFHVLGDGGHOOHYDUDFDERXQDGH-FRQVWUXFFLyQGHODWHRUtDSROtWLFDHQWRGRVVXVQLYHOHV\YDULDQWHV7RGREDMRODVXSRVLFLyQGHTXHODORVRItDSROtWLFDKDVLGRKHFKDPiVSDUDHVFDEXOOLUORSROt WLFRSDUDFRQMXUDUORTXHSDUDFRPSUHQGHUORHQVXHIHFWXDFLyQVLHPSUHLPSUH-GHFLEOHPDWHULDOPHQWHFRPSOHMDLUUHGXFLEOHDQRFLRQHV\DSUHFLDFLRQHVFRQFHS-WXDOHV3RUHOORFRPR\DVHKDGLFKRORLPSROtWLFRHVUHIUDFWDULRDWRGDIRUPDGHORVRItDSROtWLFDDVXPRGDOLGDGQHFHVDULDPHQWHUHSUHVHQWDWLYD/DORVRItDSROtWLFDWHQJDODLQVSLUDFLyQTXHWHQJDDOFDQ]DDFRPSUHQGHUHOQ~FOHRFRQ-LFWLYRGHORSROtWLFRVRODPHQWHRUGHQiQGRORHQODXQLGDGSUHVXSRQLHQGRXQDFRQFLOLDFLyQ\GHHVWHPRGRHOLPLQiQGRORHQFXDQWRWDO4/DORVRItDSROtWLFDKDWHQLGRFRPRFRQGLFLyQGHVXHVWDWXWRODGHQHJDFLyQGHORSROtWLFRUHDO

    25REHUWR(VSRVLWRComunidad, inmunidad y biopoltica0DGULG+HUGHUS6HJ~Q ODGHVFULSFLyQTXH(VSRVLWRKDFHGHVXSRVWXUDSRGHPRVGHFLUTXHVHWUDWDGHUHLYLQGLFDUODWUDGLFLyQGHOUHDOLVPRSROtWLFRSHURGHVGHXQSXQWRGHYLVWDWHyULFRRUHH[LYR\QRGHVGHXQSXQWRGHYLVWDSUiFWLFRSROtWLFRSUDJPiWLFRVase del mismo autor: Categoras de lo impoltico7UDGGH5REHUWR5DVFKHOOD%XHQRV$LUHV.DW]\&RQQHVGHORSROtWLFRQXHYHSHQVDPLHQWRVVREUHSROtWLFD7UDGGH3/*XHYDUD0DGULG7URWWD

    36LPRQH:HLOHVFULEHVHSXHGHQWRPDUFDVL WRGRVORVWpUPLQRVWRGDVODVH[SUHVLRQHVGHQXHVWURYRFDEXODULRSROtWLFR\DEULUORV(QVXFHQWURVHHQFRQWUDUiHOYDFtR 6:HLOEscritos histricos y polticos, p. 359, apud5(VSRVLWRComunidad, inmunidadS

    4 Ibid., p. 13.

  • EN-CLAVES del pensamiento, ao V, nm. 10, julio-diciembre 2011, pp. 105-124.

    )UDJPHQWRVVREUHORSROtWLFR 109

    /DREVHUYDFLyQGH(VSRVLWRVREUHHODOFDQFH\ODSRVLELOLGDGGHXQDUHH[LyQWHyULFDVREUHODSROtWLFDVREUHVXLPSRVLELOLGDGHQYHUGDGHVGHFLUODLGHDGHXQDLUUHGXFWLELOLGDGGHOiPELWRGHODSUD[LVSROtWLFDDOUHLQRGHOFRQFHSWR\ODWHRUtDLQFOXVRODLGHDGHTXHHVWDVXSRVLFLyQHVORTXHKDLPSRVLELOLWDGRHOUHFR-QRFLPLHQWRGHORTXHYHUGDGHUDPHQWHHVORSROtWLFRHVWDSHUVSHFWLYDGHFLPRVFRQHFWD\UHWRPDFLHUWRVHOHPHQWRVGHOSHQVDPLHQWRFUtWLFRWUiJLFRSUHVHQWHHQ2FFLGHQWHGHVGHVXVLQLFLRVDXQPDUJLQDOPHQWH(QSULQFLSLRUHWRPDSODQ-WHDPLHQWRVGHGLYHUVRVSHQVDGRUHVDOJXQRVFRQVLGHUDGRVSRU(VSRVLWRHQVXVDQiOLVLV\DOJXQRVRWURVQRFRQVLGHUDGRV3RUHMHPSORHOSHQVDGRUIUDQFpV-DFTXHV5DQFLqUHTXHFXHVWLRQDWDPELpQ

    ODSRVLELOLGDGGHODORVRItDSROtWLFDHQVXWH[WR(OGHVDFXHUGR3ROtWLFD\ORVRItD. (QWDQWRFRQVWLWX\HODHVHQFLD\ODUD]yQGHVHUGHODSROtWLFDHOGHVDFXHUGRHVVHJ~QHVWHSHQVDGRUinsuperable/DKLSyWHVLVFUtWLFDGHVXWUDEDMRHVTXHORTXHVHGHQRPLQDORVRItDSROtWLFDELHQSRGUtDVHUHOFRQMXQWRGHODVRSH-UDFLRQHVGHOSHQVDPLHQWRPHGLDQWHODVFXDOHVODORVRItDWUDWDGHWHUPLQDUFRQODSROtWLFDGHVXSULPLUXQHVFiQGDORGHOSHQVDPLHQWRSURSLRGHOHMHUFLFLRGHOD SROtWLFD(QVtPLVPRHVWHHVFiQGDOR WHyULFRQRHVPiVTXH ODUDFLRQDOLGDGGHOGHVDFXHUGR5(VGHFLUODDFHSWDFLyQGHODLQVXSHUDELOLGDGGHOGHVDFXHUGRHQSROtWLFD3XHVHOGHVDFXHUGRQRFRQVLVWHHQXQSUREOHPDGHOHQWHQGLPLHQWRVLQRTXHUHPLWHDXQDGLIHUHQFLDGHSRVLFLyQ\HQUHIHUHQFLDDODFRVDPLVPDFRQFLHUQHPHQRVDODDUJXPHQWDFLyQTXHDORDUJXPHQWDEOHHVWRHVDOJRGHORUGHQGHOVHUGHOYLYLU\HOKDFHU/DPDWHULDOLGDGGHODSROtWLFDVXUHPLVLyQDOiPELWRGHORVLQWHUHVHVORV

    DIHFWRVODVDOLDQ]DVODVYHQWDMDVORVDIDQHVHVHVDUHDOLGDGSDVWRVDTXHODUHH[LyQWHyULFDQRSXHGHQXQFDMXVWLFDUGHOWRGRQLQXQFDHOLPLQDUFRPSOHWD-PHQWHGHVXKRUL]RQWHGHFRPSUHQVLyQHOTXHDODYH]RSHUDLQHOXGLEOHPHQWHFRPRKRUL]RQWHGHSUHVFULSFLyQ,JQRUDUHVDPDWHULDOLGDGLUUHGXFWLEOHGHORSROtWLFRHVORTXHKDFHTXHWRGRSUR\HFWRSROtWLFRHVWpFRQGHQDGRDOIUDFDVRRDIXQFLRQDUVRODPHQWHFRPRXQDLGHRORJtDHQHOVHQWLGRGHODIDOVDFRQFLHQFLDGH0DU['HVGHPHGLDGRVGHOVLJORXXDOJXQRVSHQVDGRUHVUDURVHQDTXHOPRPHQWRHPSH]DURQXQSRFRDWLHQWDVDDSXQWDUKDFLDXQWLSRGHUHH[LyQGHHVWHWDODQWH(OIHQRPHQyORJRIUDQFpV0DXULFH0HUOHDX3RQW\SRUHMHPSORTXLHQQXQ FDGHMyGHWUDVSDVDUORViPELWRVGHODORVRItDWHyULFDKDFLDORVDVXQWRVGHOD

    5-DFTXHV5DQFLqUH(OGHVDFXHUGR3ROtWLFD\ORVRItD7UDGGH+RUDFLR3RQV%XHQRV$LUHV1XHYD9LVLyQS7DPELpQYpDVH -5DQFLqUHPoltica, polica, democracia7UDGGH0DUtD(PLOLD7LMRX[6DQWLDJRGH&KLOHLOM\En los bordes de lo poltico7UDG$OHMDQGUR0DGULG%XHQRV$LUHV/D&HEUD

    -5DQFLqUHEl desacuerdo, p. 10.

  • 110 0DULR7HRGRUR5DPtUH]

    EN-CLAVES del pensamiento, ao V, nm. 10, julio-diciembre 2011, pp. 105-124.

    FLUFXQVWDQFLDSROtWLFD\XQSRFRODWHUDOPHQWHDSXQWDUDOFXHVWLRQDPLHQWRGHORVPLVPRVIXQGDPHQWRVWHyULFRVGHODSROtWLFD\ODWHRUtDSROtWLFD7

    (OQGHODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQ

    (QWRUQRDODFDWHJRUtDGHUHSUHVHQWDFLyQDVXFRQGLFLyQ\DVXOtPLWHSRGUtDSHQVDUVH\KDFHUVHODFRPXQLFDFLyQLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDULDGHODTXHWDQWRVHKDEODHQFLHUWDVFRUULHQWHVHSLVWHPROyJLFDV\PHWRGROyJLFDVGHOSHQVDPLHQWRFRQ-WHPSRUiQHR5HVXOWDSDUWLFXODU\VXPDPHQWH LQWHUHVDQWHREVHUYDU ODSRVLEOHFRQWLQXLGDG\UHVRQDQFLDHQWUHORViPELWRVGHODHVWpWLFDODHSLVWHPRORJtD\ODORVRItDSROtWLFD&RPRSRGUiUHFRUGDUVHHOFRQFHSWRGHUHSUHVHQWDFLyQWLHQHXVRVDXQTXHEDVWDQWHHVSHFtFRVHQFDGDXQDGHHVDVGLVFLSOLQDVQRREVWDQWHFRQVLGHUDPRVTXHHVWDGLYHUVLGDGGHXVRVQRORJUDGHVDSDUHFHUFLHUWDXQLGDGGHVHQWLGRDOPHQRVKLVWyULFRFXOWXUDO/DFRLQFLGHQFLDH[LVWHQRVRODPHQWHHQHOXVR\SUHHPLQHQFLDGHHVWHFRQFHSWR\ODIyUPXODDODTXHUHHUHVLQRWDPELpQHQHOFXHVWLRQDPLHQWRGHTXHKDVLGRREMHWRDORODUJRGHOVLJORXXWDQWRHQHORUGHQWHyULFRFRPRHQHOSUiFWLFR(QHVWpWLFD OD QRFLyQGH UHSUHVHQWDFLyQKD VLGR WUDGLFLRQDOPHQWH FHQWUDO

    SDUDODGHQLFLyQGHODUWH\GHOFDUiFWHUGHODREUDGHDUWH/DFUtWLFDDHVWDQRFLyQHVGHFLUDODVXSRVLFLyQGHTXHODIXQFLyQGHODUWHHVUHSUHVHQWDUGHDOJXQDPDQHUDXQDUHDOLGDGSUHH[LVWHQWHIXHHOVLQRGHODUWHGHOVLJORXX en VXVPiVGLYHUVDVUHDOL]DFLRQHV8)RUPDVH[WUHPDVGHHVWHVLQRKDQSXHVWRHQFXHVWLyQVXSXHVWRVEiVLFRVDFHUFDGHODQDWXUDOH]DGHORTXHVHOODPDDUWHDOJUDGRGHTXHKDSRGLGRGHFLUVHHQORV~OWLPRVDxRVTXHYLYLPRVXQDpSRFDSRVWDUWtVWLFD9/RPLVPRVXFHGHHQHSLVWHPRORJtDDOPHQRVHQFLHUWDOtQHDFUtWLFDGHVXGHVDUUROORTXHYLHQHGHOVLJORSDVDGRXQRGHFX\RVPRPHQWRVFODYHUHVSHFWRDODFUtWLFDGHODQRFLyQGHUHSUHVHQWDFLyQHQHOFDPSRGHOFR-QRFLPLHQWRORFRQVWLWX\HODREUDWHPSUDQDGH5LFKDUG5RUW\/DORVRItD\HO

    7(QFLHUWDPHGLGD ODVUHH[LRQHVGH0HUOHDX3RQW\VREUH ORSROtWLFRVHHQFXHQWUDQGHWUiVGHGHVDUUROORVSRVWHULRUHVPiVH[SOtFLWRV\VLVWHPiWLFRVHQODREUDGH&ODXGH/HIRUW&RUQHOLXV&DVWRULDGLVHWFpWHUDYpDVHGH0DXULFH0HUOHDX3RQW\Signos7UDGGH&0DUWtQH]\*2OLYHU%DUFHORQD6HL[%DUUDOHumanismo y terror. 7UDGGH/5R]LWFKQHU%XHQRV$LUHV/D3Op\DGH\Las aventuras de la dialctica7UDGGH/5R]LWFKQHU%XHQRV$LUHV/D3Op\DGH

    8)HUQDQGR=DPRUDJXLODFilosofa de la imagen. Lenguaje, imagen y representacin0p[LFRUNAM(OOLEURSUHVHQWDXQDQiOLVLVVLVWHPiWLFRGHOPRYLPLHQWRGHODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQDUWtVWLFDGHVGHORViQJXORVGHODHSLVWHPRORJtDODIHQRPHQRORJtDODVHPLyWLFD\ODKHUPHQpXWLFD

    9$UWKXU&'DQWR'HVSXpVGHOQGHODUWH. El arte contemporneo y el linde la historia7UDGGH(OHQD1HHUPDQ%DUFHORQD3DLGyV

  • EN-CLAVES del pensamiento, ao V, nm. 10, julio-diciembre 2011, pp. 105-124.

    )UDJPHQWRVVREUHORSROtWLFR 111

    espejo de la naturaleza10'HVGHHVWDFUtWLFD\FRQGLYHUVDVDGLFLRQHVGHODKHUPHQpXWLFD\HOSHQVDPLHQWRSRVPRGHUQRVHKDFRQJXUDGRXQDGHFRQV WUXFFLyQSUiFWLFDGHODVWHVLVIXHUWHVGHOSRVLWLYLVPRFOiVLFRLQFOXLGDODVXSRVL FLyQGHTXHHOFRQRFLPLHQWRFLHQWtFRHVODIRUPDSULYLOHJLDGDR~QLFDGHSUR-GXFFLyQGHYHUGDGFRJQLWLYD'HPRGRSUHHPLQHQWHHQFRQWUDPRVHQODORVRItDSROtWLFDGLYHUVRVFXHVWLRQDPLHQWRVDODWHVLVFOiVLFDGHO(VWDGRFRPRUHSUHVHQ WDFLyQGHODVRFLHGDGRSHUDQGRVHJ~QXQSULQFLSLRGHFRQWLQXLGDGXKRPRJH-QHLGDGHQWUH DPEDV LQVWDQFLDV(O FXHVWLRQDPLHQWRGHHVWD WHVLV KDDELHUWRDPSOLDPHQWHODVFRPSXHUWDVGHOPXOWLFXOWXUDOLVPRODGHPRFUDFLDUDGLFDO\ODSOXUDOL]DFLyQGHODVOXFKDVSROtWLFDV\FXOWXUDOHV'HODPDQHUDPiVHVTXHPiWLFDSRGHPRVGHFLUTXHODOyJLFDGHODUHSUHVHQ-

    WDFLyQFRQVLVWHHQHOHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRGHXQDGLIHUHQFLDGXUDHQWUHODVHVIHUDVGHOUHSUHVHQWDQWH\HOUHSUHVHQWDGR,PSOLFDODGHOLPLWDFLyQHVWULFWDGHDPEDVHV IHUDV\GHOWLSRGHUHODFLyQTXHODVULJH/DFULVLVGHODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQHOQGHODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQTXHWUDVSDVDHOVLJORXXHQHODUWHODHSLVWHPRORJtD\ODSROt-WLFDVLJQLFDHQSULQFLSLRODGLVROXFLyQPiVRPHQRVJUDGXDOSDUHFHTXHQRSXHGHVHUDEVROXWDGHHVDHVWUXFWXUDGHGLIHUHQFLDFLyQGXUD\ODFRQVHFXHQWHSOXUDOL]DFLyQHOGHVDWDPLHQWRJHQHUDOL]DGRGHOHVSDFLRFXOWXUDOHQWRGRVVXViPELWRVDUWtVWLFRWHyULFRSROtWLFRVRFLDOHWFpWHUD/DLGHD\HOSURSyVLWRGHHVWDEOHFHUXQDOHJLWLPLGDGSXUDVHHQFXHQWUDPHOODGRDUHVXOWDVGHHVWRVSURFH-VRVFUtWLFRV(QJHQHUDOWRGRVORVHVTXHPDVLGHROyJLFRV\VRFLDOHVWtSLFDPHQWHPHWDItVLFRVODYHUWLFDOLGDGODVROLGH]ODSXUH]DODSHUIHFFLyQODDOWLWXG\VXVFRQWUDSDUWHVLJXDOPHQWHRPiVVLJQLFDWLYDVKRUL]RQWDOLGDGEODQGXUDLPSX-UH]DLPSHUIHFFLyQEDMH]DVHPiQWLFDPHQWHFDUJDGRVLELHQHOWpUPLQRDOWLWXGWLHQHGLYHUVRVVLJQLFDGRVHOWpUPLQREDMH]DSDUHFHWHQHUVyORXQRHOPRUDO\QLVLTXLHUDHQVHQWLGROLWHUDOSXHGHXWLOL]DUVHRQRKD\DOJXQRHTXLYDOHQWHDDOWLWXGFRPREDMLWXG/RTXHHQWRGRVORViPELWRVH[SUHVDHOQGHODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQHVSXHV

    OD GHVWUXFFLyQ GH OR TXH'HOHX]H \*XDWWDUL OODPDEDQHO HVSDFLR HVWULDGRHVSDFLRIRUPDORHVSDFLRVRFLDORUGHQDGRHVWUXFWXUDGRMHUDUTXL]DGRHQSRVGHXQHVSDFLROLVRHVSDFLRGHVRUGHQDGRGHVHVWUXFWXUDGRDMHUiUTXL FRSRVLWLYDPHQWHGLFKRSOXUDOFRPXQLFDQWHGLQiPLFRYDULDEOH11/DPLVPDGLV-WLQFLyQHQWUHHVSDFLRS~EOLFR\HVSDFLRSULYDGRSDUDGLJPiWLFDGHOSHQVDPLHQWRSROtWLFRFOiVLFRVHHQFXHQWUDHQFXHVWLyQ3RUGRTXLHUDYHPRVLQWHUDFFLRQHV

    105LFKDUG5RUW\/DORVRItD\HOHVSHMRGHODQDWXUDOH]D7UDGGH-)HUQiQGH]0DGULG&i-WHGUD

    11*LOOHV'HOHX]H\)pOL[*XDWWDUL/ROLVR\ORHVWULDGRHQMil mesetas. Capitalismo y esquizofrenia7UDGGH-RVp9i]TXH]9DOHQFLD3UHWH[WRVSS\VV

  • 112 0DULR7HRGRUR5DPtUH]

    EN-CLAVES del pensamiento, ao V, nm. 10, julio-diciembre 2011, pp. 105-124.

    GHVOL]DPLHQWRV UHODWLYL]DFLRQHV$OJXLHQ KD KDEODGR GHVGHHO XUEDQLVPR \ODDUTXLWHFWXUDGHHVSDFLRFRP~QPiVDOOiGHODGXSODSULYDGRS~EOLFRHQWDQWRQXHYDFRQJXUDFLyQVRFLRFXOWXUDOTXHWUDVFLHQGHODVUHSUHVHQWDFLRQHV\HVWUXFWXUDFLRQHVa prioriSHURTXHWUDVFLHQGHWDPELpQORVDLVODPLHQWRVORVHQFLHUURV ODV MXULVGLFFLRQHV LPSHQHWUDEOHV(OHVSDFLRFRP~QHVXQHVSDFLRLQWHUPHGLRRPiVH[DFWDPHQWHHVHOHVSDFLRGHOinterHOiPELWRHQFXDQWRWDOGHODVUHODFLRQHVODVDUWLFXODFLRQHVODVGLVWDQFLDV\FHUFDQtDVORVPRYLPLHQ WRVHVWRHVGHWRGRDTXHOORTXHQRHVXQDOJRHQHOHVSDFLRHQWHVLQGLYLGXRVREMHWRVFRVDVFRQWHQLGRVVLQRTXHHVSXURFRQWLQHQWH(OHVSDFLRTXHQRSHUWHQHFHDQDGLHTXHQRHVSURSLR\TXHWDPSRFRVHGHMDUHQFDSVXODUHQXQDUHSUHVHQWDFLyQHQXQDLGHQWLGDGDEVWUDFWDFROHFWLYDGLIXVD12+DEUtDque pensar lo comnHQORVWpUPLQRVSURSXHVWRVSRU-HDQ/XF1DQF\FRPRGHVSRVHVLyQRGHVSOD]DPLHQWRLQGHWHUPLQDEOHHLQWHUPLQDEOH9DOHXQFRPHQ-WDULRDSDUWH

    (OQGHODFRPXQLGDG

    $OPDUJHQGHODGLVSXWDDSDUHQWHPHQWHFLUFXODUTXHKDRFXSDGRDODORVRItDSROtWLFDGHODV~OWLPDVGpFDGDVHQWUHXQLYHUVDOLVPRFRQWUDFWXDOLVWD\FRPX QLWDULVPRHVWRHVHQWUHTXLHQHVDVXPHQODWDUHDUHH[LYD\SROtWLFDFRPRXQDWDUHDGHGHWHUPLQDFLyQGHSULQFLSLRVQRUPDWLYRVTXHKDQGHIXQGDU\RULHQWDUODVLQVWLWXFLRQHV\ODDFFLyQSROtWLFDV\TXLHQHVRSWDQSRUODIRUPXODFLyQGHXQSHQVDPLHQWRSROtWLFR VXEVXPLGRD OD FRPXQLGDG UHDO \SRUHQGHKLVWyULFRFXOWXUDOPHQWHSDUWLFXODUL]DGDDOJXQRVSHQVDGRUHVHXURSHRVIUDQFHVHVHLWD-OLDQRVKDQYHQLGRGHVDUUROODQGRXQDUHH[LyQFUtWLFDHQYHUGDGXQDGHVWUXFFLyQRGHFRQVWUXFFLyQGHODLGHDPLVPDGHFRPXQLGDG6HSXHGHPHQFLRQDUDTXtORTXHTXL]iFRQVWLWXLUiXQDQXHYD OtQHDGHSHQVDPLHQWRSROtWLFRDJXUDVFRPRHOLQDVLEOH0DXULFH%ODQFKRWD-HDQ/XF1DQF\DORVLWDOLDQRV*LRUJLR$JDPEHQ5REHUWR(VSRVLWR3DROR9LUQR\7RQL1HJULTXLHQWUDWDGHH[WUDHUGHWRGRHVWRWHVLVXQSRFRSRVLWLYDV8QSXQWRHQFRP~QGHHVWRVSHQVDGRUHV\TXHLPSRUWDVXEUD\DUHVTXHODUDGLFDOLGDGGHODGHFRQVWUXFFLyQGHODLGHDGHFRPXQLGDGQRLPSOLFDGHQLQJXQDPDQHUDXQVLPSOHDQWLFRPXQLWDULVPRRXQDQWLFRPXQLVPR1RLPSOLFDSRUHMHPSORUHWUDHUQLQJXQDQXHYDGHIHQVDGHOLQGLYLGXDOLVPRWUDGLFLRQDORGHOOLEHUDOLVPRWtSLFR'LUHFWDRLQGLUHFWDPHQWHHOORVDSXQWDQDXQDUHIRUPXODFLyQVHQVDWDSUXGHQWHGHODLGHDPLVPDGHFRPXQL-

    124XL]iXQEXHQHMHPSORGHHVSDFLRFRP~QORFRQVWLWX\HQODVUHGHVVRFLDOHVYLUWXDOHVHQLQWHUQHWWDQHQERJDHQDxRVUHFLHQWHV

  • EN-CLAVES del pensamiento, ao V, nm. 10, julio-diciembre 2011, pp. 105-124.

    )UDJPHQWRVVREUHORSROtWLFR 113

    GDG5HIRUPXODFLyQTXHUHQXQFLHHQGHQLWLYDDWRGDLGHDOL]DFLyQPLVWLFDGRUD\TXHSXHGDGDUOXJDUDiQLPRVSRVWQLKLOLVWDV

    Como pensador de la externalidadGHODHVSDFLDOLGDGGHO6HUGHVGH\PiVDOOi GH+HLGHJJHU HVWRHV FRPRDOJXLHQTXHDVXPH OD LUUHGXFWLELOLGDGGHO6HUDQLQJXQDUHSUHVHQWDFLyQ\GHOVHQWLGRDQLQJXQDDSURSLDFLyQLQWHOHFWLYDDXWRHYLGHQWH131DQF\HQWLHQGHSUHFLVDPHQWHORFRP~QFRPRHVRTXHDEUHDOVXMHWRDORGHQLGRRGHWHUPLQDGRHVRLQDSURSLDEOHRLPSURSLRHOno mans landRULJLQDULRTXHHVHOUDVJRGHO6HUGHODH[LVWHQFLDHQFXDQWRWDO7RGDH[LVWHQFLDHVFRH[LVWHQFLDHVFRPSDUWLGDSDUWLGDUHSDUWLGD(OVHUHVser-en-comn\QRKD\PDQHUDGHGHVKDFHUVHGHHVWDGHWHUPLQDFLyQSUL-PLJHQLD\SHUPDQHQWH LQVXSHUDEOH3HURSRU ORPLVPRHOVHUHQFRP~QHVLQVXVWDQFLDOL]DEOHQR LGHQWLFDEOH LQHVWDWXLEOHHVGHFLUQRKD\ser comn, XQLGDGRLGHQWLGDGGHORFRP~Q\DVHDELROyJLFDUDFLDOUDFLVWDpWQLFRHWQLFLVWDWUDGLFLRQDOWUDGLFLRQDOLVWDLGHROyJLFDHWFpWHUD)LQGHODXWRStDQGHOLGHDO

    Desde El mito naziKDEtDSUHVHQWDGR1DQF\FRQ3KLOLSSH/DFRXH/DEDUWKH14 HOVHxDODPLHQWRDOFDUiFWHULGHROyJLFRWRWDOLWDULR\DOQWHUURULVWDGHWRGDLGHQ-WLFDFLyQFROHFWLYLVWDGH WRGD LGHQWLGDGHQXQVHUFRP~QFX\RGHVHRVHDDOPLVPRWLHPSRHOGHODH[WHUPLQDFLyQGHORVRWURV15(QHOWH[WRLa comunidad desobradaRLa comunidad inoperanteH[SRQHODFUtWLFDGHOPLWRFRPXQLWDULVWD\GLVHxDDXQTXHVHDGHPDQHUDLQGLUHFWDODVSRVLELOLGDGHVGHRWUDFRPXQLGDGSDUDVHUSUHFLVRVRWUDIRUPDGHSHQVDUODFRPXQLGDGSXHVHOVHUHQFRP~QHQFXDQWRDSHUWXULGDGRULJLQDULDGHWRGRH[LVWLUHVDOQLUUHSUHVHQWDEOHSXHVWRTXHSRUSULQFLSLRKD\DOJRIXHUDRPiVDOOi1RKD\UHSUHVHQWDFLyQFRP~QODV OODPDGDV UHSUHVHQWDFLRQHV FROHFWLYDV QL KD\ UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ YiOLGD~QLFDGHORFRP~Q'RVVXMHWRVTXHFRH[LVWHQVHUHSUHVHQWDFDGDXQRHVWDFRH[LVWHQFLDDVXPRGR\QRWLHQHVHQWLGRTXHUHUKDFHUYDOHUXQDVRODFRPROD~QLFDYiOLGDRLQWHQWDUIRUPXODUXQDPHWDUHSUHVHQWDFLyQTXHHVWpPiVDOOiGHODVH[SHULHQFLDVLQGLYLGXDOHVORTXHQRVUHPLWLUiQHFHVDULDPHQWHDXQUpJLPHQGHWUDVFHQGHQFLD\SRUHQGHGHLPSRVLFLyQ\GRPLQDFLyQ$VtHQWDQWRQXHVWUDH[LVWHQFLDHVLQHOXGLEOHPHQWHFRH[LVWHQFLDQRSRGHPRVWHQHUGHHOODPiVTXH

    13 CfDOJXQRVGHORVWH[WRVGRQGH1DQF\GHVDUUROODVXFRQFHSFLyQORVyFD-HDQ/XF1DQF\ Ser singular plural. 7UDGGH$QWRQLR7XGHOD0DGULG$UHQD/LEURV\8QSHQVDPLHQWRQLWR. %DUFHORQD$QWKURSRV

    14-/1DQF\\3KLOLSSH/DFRXH/DEDUWKHEl mito nazi7UDG\HStORJRGH-XDQ&DUORV0RUHQR%DUFHORQD$QWKURSRV

    15 Ibid., p. 8 Cf-/1DQF\La comunidad desobrada7UDG3DEOR3HUHUD0DGULG$UHQD/LEURV

    YpDVHWDPELpQODHGLFLyQFKLOHQDFRQSUHIDFLRGH1DQF\La comunidad inoperante7UDGGH-XDQ0DQXHO*DUULGR6DQWLDJRGH&KLOHLOM, 2000.

  • 114 0DULR7HRGRUR5DPtUH]

    EN-CLAVES del pensamiento, ao V, nm. 10, julio-diciembre 2011, pp. 105-124.

    XQDUHSUHVHQWDFLyQDPHGLDVLQFRPSOHWD1RKD\GXHxRGHOVHQWLGR([LVWLUFRH[LVWLUHVHVWDUH[SXHVWRDXQGHVJDVWHDXQDSpUGLGDLQFOXVRHFRQyPLFD(QHVWDOtQHD(VSRVLWRKDSUHVHQWDGRFRQWULEXFLRQHVOROyJLFRFRQFHSWXDOHV

    GHSULPHUDLPSRUWDQFLD3URSRQHUHPLWLUVHDRWURRULJHQ\VHQWLGRGHODSDODEUDcommunitasFRPXQLGDG6HJ~QHVWRVXUDt]VHHQFXHQWUDHQODSDODEUDODWLQDmunusTXHVLJQLFDGRQSHURFRPRWDUHDFDUJRHQFDUJRXREOLJDFLyQ17 Com-munusTXHUUiGHFLUHQWRQFHVTXHODWDUHDVHFRPSDUWHHQWUHYDULRVVHKD FHFRQRWURV(VWDSUHFLVLyQLPSOLFDSULPHUDPHQWHTXHODFRPXQLGDGQRHVGHOorden del ser sino del hacer, que no es una realidad o una cualidad ya dada VLQRDOJRDFRQVWUXLUGHDOJXQDIRUPDDFUHDU+D\WDPELpQSDUD(VSRVLWRXQHOHPHQWRFRQWLQJHQWHLUUHGXFWLEOHRLUUHSUHVHQWDEOHHQODFRPXQLGDGXQDSRVL-ELOLGDGWHUULEOHRSHOLJURVDSXHVODFRPXQLGDGFRPRORVHxDOy*HRUJH%DWDLOOHHQIRUPDGHQLWLYDGHVGHKDFHWLHPSR18VXSRQHXQDFRQGLFLyQGHGHVDVLPLHQ-WRGHFXHVWLRQDPLHQWRGHOVtPLVPR(VXQDDYHQWXUD\XQULHVJR'HDKtTXHRWURDSRUWHGH(VSRVLWRVHHQWLHQGHPHMRUORTXHVLJQLFDFRPXQLGDGQRFRQWUDSRQLpQGRODODLGHDDsociedadVHJ~QODFpOHEUHGLVWLQFLyQGH7|QQLHV19 sino a inmunidadimmunitas20$TXtVHREVHUYDWDPELpQFXiOHVHOLGHDOFRQ-WUDSXHVWRDOLGHDOFRPXQLWDULVWDQRHOPHURLQGLYLGXDOLVPRRDWRPLVPRVLQRHODLVODPLHQWR\PiVWRGDYtDODDVHSVLDHODVFHWLVPRHOSXULVPRWyPHVHHQFXHQWDWDQWRHOVLJQLFDGRGLSORPiWLFRFRPRHOPpGLFRGHODSDODEUDLQPXQL-GDG3HURODSDUDGRMDGHQXHVWUDFRQGLFLyQGHODFRQGLFLyQKXPDQDHVTXHORVSHOLJURVVRQLJXDOHVHQODLQPXQLGDG\HQODFRPXQLGDG/DLQPXQL]DFLyQODREVHVLYDSUHVHUYDFLyQ\DVHJXUDPLHQWRGHODVDOXG\GHODYLGDSXHGHOOH JDUTXL]iVHDVXLGHDODOOtPLWHGHODPXHUWHOD~QLFDIRUPDGHHVWDUOLPSLRFRPSOHWDPHQWH9LYLUFRQYLYLUFRH[LVWLULPSOLFDULHVJRV\GLFXOWDGHVHOULHVJRdel contagioHQSULPHUOXJDUHQYHUGDGHOFRQWDJLRYLUDOHVODIRUPDSHUIHF WD GH OD FRPXQLGDG DXQTXH GHVDIRUWXQDGDPHQWHSDUDQRVRWURV \DQR VHWUDWDGHODFRPXQLGDGKXPDQDVLQRGHODFRPXQLGDGGHORVYLUXV\DQRVRPRVVXMHWRVVLQRVLPSOHVPHGLRVGHesaFRPXQLGDG

    175(VSRVLWRCommunitas. Origen y destino de la comunidad7UDGGH5RGROIR0ROLQDUL%XHQRV$LUHV$PRUURUWX

    187DQWRHQ(VSRVLWRFRPRHQ-/1DQF\HOVXJHVWLYR\DYHFHVDXGD]SHQVDPLHQWRGH*HRUJH%DWDLOOHKDHVWDGRSUHVHQWH

    19)HUGLQDQG7|QQLHVComunidad y asociacin%DUFHORQD3HQtQVXOD$XQTXHDORVWUD-GXFWRUHVOHVUHVXOWyPiVDGHFXDGDODSDODEUDDVRFLDFLyQSDUDGesellschaftHOWpUPLQRVRFLHGDGHVHOPiVXVXDOHQHOFRQWH[WRGHORVFRPHQWDULRV\HVWXGLRVVREUHHVWDFXHVWLyQ

    205(VSRVLWR Immunitas. Proteccin y negacin de la vida7UDG/XFLDQR3DGLOOD%XHQRV$LUHV$PRUURUWX

  • EN-CLAVES del pensamiento, ao V, nm. 10, julio-diciembre 2011, pp. 105-124.

    )UDJPHQWRVVREUHORSROtWLFR 115

    $~QHQIRUPDPHWDIyULFD0HUOHDX3RQW\KDEtDDQWLFLSDGRUDVJRVGHHVWDSHUVSHFWLYDGH OD FRQGLFLyQ SUREOHPiWLFD GH OD FRPXQLGDGFXDQGRQRVSURSRQtDSHQVDUODUHODFLyQGHODVVXEMHWLYLGDGHVODLQWHUVXEMHWLYLGDGQREDMRXQHVTXHPDGHDUPRQtD\WUDQVSDUHQFLDVLQREDMRXQHVTXHPDGHHQFXHQWURLOHJtWLPRGHVXSHUSRVLFLyQRXVXUSDFLyQ21ODUHODFLyQFRQHORWURHVXQHQFLPDUVHRQRHVXQDUHODFLyQHOGLiORJRUHVSHWXRVR\SUtVWLQRHVPDJQtFRSHURHQWDOFDVRORVVXMHWRVSHUPDQHFHQDMHQRVHQWUHVtWRWDOPHQWHQRKD\FR-PXQLFDFLyQQLQJXQDSRVLELOLGDGGHFRPXQLGDGGHFRPXQLyQYHUGDGHUDSDUD0HUOHDX3RQW\ODFRPXQLGDGFRPRRWUDVFRVDVHOSHQVDPLHQWRHODUWHODFLHQ FLDVHKDFHGHVGHODcarneGHOVHU\HOPXQGRRQRVHKDFH/DYLROHQFLDHVuna posibilidadGHODH[LVWHQFLD&RPXQLGDGLQPXQLGDGFyPRSUHHUHPRULU"$SODVWDGRSRUODVH[LJHQFLDV

    GHOVHUFRP~QRVDQRHQXQDFDMDGHDFHUR"(QFDQWDGRSRUXQpoder comu-nitarioRDOHWDUJDGRSRUHOpoder inmunitario"229D\DDOWHUQDWLYD

    Multitudes

    8QDSRUWHSDUWLFXODUPHQWHVLJQLFDWLYRGHODORVRItDSROtWLFDLWDOLDQD1HJUL23 Virno24KDVLGRODUHFXSHUDFLyQGHODQRFLyQGHmultitudDQGHKDFHUIUHQWHDODVLGHDVFOiVLFDVWULXQIDQWHVHQODWHRUtDVRFLDO\HQHOSHQVDPLHQWRSROtWLFRPRGHUQRLQFOXLGRHOPDU[LVPRWDOHVFRPRPDVDFODVHVRFLDOVRFLHGDGHVWDGRSXHEOR/DLGHDGHPXOWLWXGHVUHWRPDGDGHODORVRItDSROtWLFDGH6SLQR]DTXLHQODSODQWHyIUHQWHDODWHRUtDSROtWLFDGH+REEHVDODODUJDWULXQIDQWHFRPRXQDIRUPDDOWHUQDWLYDQRDXWRULWDULDQLDQWLOLEHUWDULDGHFRQFHELUDODFRPXQLGDG

    21(O WpUPLQR IUDQFpV empitement HVGLItFLO GH WUDGXFLU RGHHQFRQWUDUXQHTXLYDOHQWHHQHVSDxRO6XVLJQLFDGRVHHQFXHQWUDHQHOSXQWRVHPiQWLFRPHGLRHQWUHHOVXDYHVXSHUSRVLFLyQ\HOPX\GXURXVXUSDFLyQ0HUOHDX3RQW\XVDHVWHWpUPLQRHQPXFKDVRFDVLRQHV3DUDHODQiOL VLVGHVXVLJQLFDGRORVyFRSDUWLFXODUPHQWHDWUDYpVGHXQDFRPSDUDFLyQFRQ6DUWUHVREUHHOWHPDGHODLQWHUVXEMHWLYLGDGcf(PPDQXHOGH6DLQW$XEHUW(PSLqWHPHQWHWGpVLUH/DFRQIpUHQFHGH0H[LFRVXUAutruiGHSUy[LPDSXEOLFDFLyQHQHVSDxRO

    22&RQLQVSLUDFLyQIRXFDXOWLDQD(VSRVLWRFRQVLGHUDTXHHOSRGHULQPXQLWDULRODELRSROtWLFDHVHOQ~FOHR\ODFODYHGHOSRGHUHQODVRFLHGDGPRGHUQDSUREDEOHPHQWHHQWRGDVRFLHGDGcf5(VSRVLWR%tRV%LRSROtWLFD\ORVRItD7UDGGH&DUOR0ROLQDUL%XHQRV$LUHV$PRUURUWX

    23$QWRQLR1HJUL \0LFKDHO+DUGW Imperio7UDGGH$OFLUD%L[LR%DUFHORQD3DLGyV\Multitud. Guerra y democracia en la era del imperio. 7UDGGH-XDQ$%UDYR%DUFHORQD'HEDWH2004; $QWRQLR1HJUL Movimientos en el imperio. Pasajes y paisajes. 7UDGGH&DUPHQ5HYLOOD%DUFHORQD3DLGyV

    24 Vase Paul Virno, Gramtica de la multitud. Para un anlisis de las formas de vida contem-porneas. 7UDGGH$GULDQD*yPH]%XHQRV$LUHV&ROLKXH

    macbook

    macbook

    macbook

  • 0DULR7HRGRUR5DPtUH]

    EN-CLAVES del pensamiento, ao V, nm. 10, julio-diciembre 2011, pp. 105-124.

    HQWDQWRSRWHQFLDDFWLYDSRVLWLYD/DPXOWLWXGQRHVQLXQFRPSXHVWRRUJi-QLFRMHUDUTXL]DGRLGHQWLFDGRXQDVRFLHGDGXQ(VWDGRQLWDPSRFRXQDRUJDQL]DFLyQUDFLRQDOGHVXEMHWLYLGDGHVDXWRVXFLHQWHV\DXWRLGHQWLFDGDVGHFLXGDGDQRVWDPSRFRHVXQEORTXHDEVWUDFWRHLQGLIHUHQFLDGRGHHQWHVXQDPDVDXQDFODVH8QDPXOWLWXGHVXQFRQMXQWRLQWHUUHODFLRQDGRGHVLQJXODULGDGHVGHLQGLYL-

    GXDOLGDGHVGRQGHFDGDXQDVHHQFXHQWUDDVXYH]HQXQSURFHVRDELHUWR\SHUPDQHQWHGHLQGLYLGXDOL]DFLyQ6XIXQFLRQDPLHQWRHVPiVDPDQHUDGHXQDUHGTXHHQWRGRPRPHQWRHVFDSDDODVSRVLELOLGDGHVGHOFRQWURO\HOGRPLQLR(QHVHVHQWLGRWLHQHSRUSULQFLSLRUHEDVDUWRGRWLSRGHFHUFRV\IURQWHUDVODPXOWLWXGQRUHVSHWDUHJLRQHVQLQDFLRQHV6X~QLFRDQWHFHGHQWH ORSRGHPRVHQFRQWUDUHQORVOODPDGRVSXHEORVQyPDGDVFODURKDVWDFLHUWRSXQWRSXHVVHWUDWDEDWRGDYtDGHSXHEORVGHFRPXQLGDGHVLQWHJUDGDV\PiVUHFLHQWH-PHQWHHQODDQWLJXDPHQWHHVSHUDQ]DGRUDinternacional obreraHVWRHVWDOFRPRVHSXHGHGHULYDUGHOSHQVDPLHQWRGH0DU[GHOFDUiFWHUVXSUDQDFLRQDOGHODFRQGLFLyQGHORVREUHURV\ODSRVLELOLGDGGHTXHSXHGDQGHVSOHJDUXQDDFFLyQLQWHUQDFLRQDOLVWDFRRUGLQDGDProletarios del mundo, unos!UH]DEDHOIDPRVROHPDFRPXQLVWD&RPRVDEHPRVHVWDSURVSHFWLYDQRSDVyGHVHUXQEXHQGHVHRRXQDXWRStD25/DFRQGLFLyQDFWXDOHVGLIHUHQWH/DPXOWLWXGVHSUHVHQWDHQSULPHUOXJDUFRPRXQDPXOWLWXGGHFROHFWLYLGDGHVGHVLQJXODULGDGHVFROHF-WLYDV PXOWLWXGGHPXOWLWXGHV6XH[SUHVLyQPiVFRQRFLGDVRQ ODV OODPDGDVONGLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVFRPRGreenpeace$XQTXHGHWRGRKD\HQHOPXQGRXQDPXOWLWXGQRHVQHFHVDULDPHQWHEXHQDeVWDHVWRGDYtDODH[SHFWDWLYDGH1HJULFRPSUHQGHUDODPXOWLWXGFRPRFLHUWRWLSRGHVXMHWRLQWHUVXMHWRPDFURVXMHWRPXQGLDOFX\DGHWHUPLQDFLyQODSURSRUFLRQDHOKHFKRGHTXHHOODVHGHQHSRUVXOXFKDFRQWUDHOimperio. eVWHHVDFWXDOPHQWHHOSXQWRHQGLVFXVLyQHQHOSHQVDPLHQWRSROtWLFRLWDOLDQR

    *LRUJLR$JDPEHQ\3DXO9LUQRVHJXUDPHQWHGHVGHSHUVSHFWLYDVSROtWLFDVGLV-WLQWDVPDUFDQHVWHSXQWR3DUDHOORVODPXOWLWXGGHVLQJXODULGDGHVla comunidad que vieneQRHVXQKHFKRalgoFRQORTXHSXHGHFRQWDUVH\TXHSXHGDVHURULHQWDGRVLQSUREOHPDHQWDORFXDOGLUHFFLyQ/DPXOWLWXGHVODIRUPDPLVPDGHRSHUDUGHORVFRQJORPHUDGRVKXPDQRVHQHOPXQGRGHOVLJORXXI(VWRWDOPHQ WHIiFWLFDHVHOUHFRUGDWRULRGHODLQHOXGLEOHIDFWLFLGDG\FRQWLQJHQFLDGHO6HU\

    252TXL]iXQDSURSXHVWDDQWLFLSDGDDVXVFRQGLFLRQHVGHUHDOL]DFLyQ"5HFXpUGHVHTXHSDUD0DU[HOWULXQIRGHODFDXVDFRPXQLVWDSUHVXSRQtDODPXQGLDOL]DFLyQGHOFDSLWDOLVPR

    9pDQVHORV OLEURVGH*LRUJLR$JDPEHQLa comunidad que viene7UDGGH9LOODFDxDV/D5RFFD\4XLUyV9DOHQFLD3UHWH[WRV\El tiempo que resta7UDGGH$QWRQLR3LxHUR0DGULG7URWWD

    macbook

    macbook

    macbook

    macbook

    macbook

    macbook

    macbook

    macbook

    macbook

  • EN-CLAVES del pensamiento, ao V, nm. 10, julio-diciembre 2011, pp. 105-124.

    )UDJPHQWRVVREUHORSROtWLFR 117

    SDUWLFXODUPHQWHGHODFRQGLFLyQKXPDQD$OPHQRVODPDQHUDGHHOLPLQDUVXVSHOLJURVVXSUROLIHUDFLyQX\HQWHQRHVPHGLDQWHXQDUHLPSRVLFLyQGHO(VWDGR\XQDUHVLJQLFDFLyQGHORVyUGHQHVQRUPDWLYRVRPHGLDQWHHVWUXFWXUDV\RU-JDQLVPRVVXSUDHVWDWDOHVRSDUDHVWDWDOHV6HUiFUHHPRVSRUQXHVWUDSDUWH\FRPRORHVFULELyKDFHPiVGHVHWHQWDDxRVHODQDUTXLVWDDOHPiQ5XGROI5RFNHU27 PHGLDQWHODDPSOLDFLyQPLOLWDQWHGHODVDFFLRQHVGHFXOWXUDHQHOVHQWLGRGHODVSUiFWLFDVFUHDWLYDV\QRHQHOVHQWLGRGHODVLGHQWLGDGHVFROHFWLYDV\DWUDYpVGHQXHYRVSURFHVRVGHVXEMHWLYDFLyQpWLFRHVWpWLFRFXOWXUDOTXHDEUHQRWUDSROtWLFDRXQDSROtWLFDotraDOJRTXHSUREDEOHPHQWHUHTXLHUDXQQXHYRQRPEUH

    3RGHUSRWHQFLDLPSRWHQFLD

    'HVGH OD UHH[LyQGH$QWRQLR1HJUL\VX LQVSLUDFLyQ VSLQR]LVWD28 VHKDKHFKRFRP~QHQHOSHQVDPLHQWRSROtWLFRFUtWLFRUHWRPDUODGLVWLQFLyQFOiVLFDHQ WUHpotentia y potestasSDUDHODQiOLVLVGHODQRFLyQGHSRGHUHVWRHVSDUDFODULFDUORVGRVVLJQLFDGRVGRVPRPHQWRVRGRVDVSHFWRVGHOSRGHUFRQORVTXHVLHPSUHGHDOJXQDPDQHUDQRVODYHPRV(OSRGHUFRPRpotencia, como FDSDFLGDGGHKDFHU\IXQGDU\HOSRGHUFRPRSRWHVWDGHVGHFLUFRPRDXWRUL GDGFRPRHMHUFLFLRGHGRPLQDFLyQFRPRstatu quoHQQHOSRGHULQVWLWX\HQWH\FRQVWLWX\HQWH\HOSRGHU LQVWLWXLGR \FRQVWLWXLGR29/DDOLHQDFLyQSROtWLFDSURSLDGHODFRQGLFLyQKXPDQDFRQVLVWHHQTXHHOVHJXQGRVHVHSDUDGHOSULPH UR ORQLHJDRHOLPLQD\VHDXWRSRVWXOD\DXWROHJLWLPDFRPRUHDOLGDG~QLFD\~QLFDYHUGDG8QPRYLPLHQWRFUtWLFRUHYROXFLRQDULRFRQVLVWLUtDHQUHYHUWLUHVHHVTXHPD(QUHVWDEOHFHUODSRWHQFLDODFDSDFLGDGHOGHVHRODGHFLVLyQGHXQLQGLYLGXRRXQFROHFWLYRFRPRIXHQWHLUUHGXFLEOHHLQVXSHUDEOHGHWRGDpotestas, GHWRGR(VWDGR\WRGDUHSUHVHQWDFLyQ6HUtDKDFHUTXHHOTXHPDQGDPDQGHREHGHFLHQGR301RREVWDQWHKDEUtDTXHLUPiVDOOiDXQDFRQGLFLyQHQODTXHQDGLHWHQJDTXHPDQGDU\QDGLHTXHREHGHFHU$ODFRQGLFLyQPHQRVXWySLFD

    27 9pDVHVXREUDIXQGDPHQWDO5XGROI5RFNHUNacionalismo y culturaDFFHVLEOHHQLQWHUQHWHQYHUVLyQFRPSOHWD

    28$1HJULLa anomala salvaje. Ensayo sobre poder y potencia en B. Spinoza7UDGGH*HUDOGRGH3DEOR%DUFHORQD$QWKURSRVSDUWLFXODUPHQWHHOSDUiJUDIRGHOFDSVIII, pp. 317 y ss.

    296REUHODGLDOpFWLFDHQWUHORLQVWLWX\HQWH\ORLQVWLWXLGRYHUSDUWLFXODUPHQWHODREUDGH&RUQHOLXV&DVWRULDGLVLa institucin imaginaria de la sociedad7UDG0DUFR$XUHOLR0DOJDULQL0DGULG7XVTXHWVWDPELpQ)DELR&LDUDPHOOL,QVWLWXFLRQHV\QRUPDV6RFLHGDGJOREDO\ORVRItDGHOGHUHFKR 7UDGGH-XDQ5DPyQ&DSHOOD0DGULG7URWWD

    30&RPRGLFHQORV]DSDWLVWDVVHJ~QUHWRPDQ(QULTXH'XVVHO/XLV9LOORUR\RWURVTXLHQHVQRVSURSRUFLRQDQDODYH]HOHPHQWRVGHXQDSHUVSHFWLYDODWLQRDPHULFDQDGHOSUREOHPDGHORSROtWLFRcf.

  • 118 0DULR7HRGRUR5DPtUH]

    EN-CLAVES del pensamiento, ao V, nm. 10, julio-diciembre 2011, pp. 105-124.

    GHORTXHSDUHFHGHXQSRGHUFRQVWLWX\HQWHSHUPDQHQWHTXHGHVWUX\HRDOPHQRVUHK~\HFRQWLQXDPHQWHSHURFUHDWLYDPHQWH ORVSRGHUHVFRQVWLWXLGRVOHJDOHV\IiFWLFRVFXiOHVSHRU"\DEUHHQWRGRPRPHQWROtQHDVGHIXJD\PiTXLQDVGHJXHUUDFRPRTXHUtDQ'HOHX]H\*XDWWDUL31 (QQVHWUDWDUtDGHUHVWDEOHFHUXQDLGHDGHOSRGHUPiVDOOiGHODSROtWLFD

    XQDFRQFHSFLyQRQWROyJLFDGHOSRGHUFRPRODTXHHQVD\yKDFHWLHPSR(XJHQLR7UtDV32(QTXpFRQVLVWLUtDHVWDFRQFHSFLyQ\FyPRSRGUtDD\XGDUQRVKR\DFRPSUHQGHUQXHVWURTXHKDFHU\DDFWXDUHQHOPXQGR"4XpHVODSRWHQFLDTXpVLJQLFDXQDRQWRORJtDGHODSRWHQFLD\TXpWLSRGHSROtWLFDSXHGHDQXQFLDU"$TXtHQFRQWUDPRVODVLGHDVWDQHVFODUHFHGRUDVFRPRHQLJPiWLFDVGHOOyVRIR

    \HQVD\LVWDLWDOLDQR*LRUJLR$JDPEHQ(QSULQFLSLRpOQRVSURSRQHXQUHJUHVRDODVIXHQWHVFOiVLFDVDODGHQLFLyQDULVWRWpOLFDGHODSRWHQFLD(QFXHQWUDDKtDOJRVRUSUHQGHQWH\WUDVODSDGRHQODKLVWRULDGHODUHFHSFLyQGH$ULVWyWHOHVODLGHDGHXQDSRWHQFLDQHJDWLYDFRPRYHUGDGRUHDOLGDG~OWLPDGHODSRWHQFLD3XHVGHWRGDSRWHQFLDVHSXHGHGHFLUVHJ~QHOOyVRIRTXHHVWDQWRXQSRGHUGHKDFHUFRPRXQSRGHUGHQRKDFHUXQSRGHUGHVHURXQSRGHUGHQRVHU\TXHQRKD\PHQRVSRWHQFLDHQXQDTXHHQRWUDLQFOXVRTXHODSRWHQFLDVHSUHVHUYDPHMRUHQODIRUPDQHJDWLYDTXHHQODSRVLWLYDSXHVXQDSRWHQFLDTXHVHUHD OL]DVHDJRWDHQHVDUHDOL]DFLyQVHDFDEDHQFDPELRXQDSRWHQFLDTXHQRVHUHDOL]DRPiVELHQTXHVHUHDOL]DQHJDWLYDPHQWHFRPRXQQRVHURQRKDFHUSHUPDQHFHDELHUWDHLQDFDEDEOHHVGHFLUOLEUH6LJQLFDHVWRXQDDSRORJtDGHODLQDFFLyQGHODSDVLYLGDG"$JDPEHQSODQWHDXQDVROXFLyQJHQLDO6HWUDWDGHGH QLUHQWpUPLQRVQHJDWLYRVDODDFFLyQDODUHDOL]DFLyQ/DSRWHQFLDKXPDQDQRFRQVLVWHHQXQpoder hacer ni en poder no hacerVLQRHQXQSRGHUQRQRKDFHU'HDFXHUGRFRQODLQPHMRUDEOHH[SUHVLyQGH$JDPEHQ6LXQDSRWHQFLDGHQRVHUSHUWHQHFHGHIRUPDRULJLQDODWRGDSRWHQFLDVHUiYHUGDGHUDPHQWHSRWHQWHVyORTXLHQHQHOPRPHQWRGHSDVDUDODFWRQRDQXODUDVLPSOHPHQWHODSURSLD

    (QULTXH'XVVHO20 tesis de poltica0p[LFR6LJOR;;,/XLV9LOORUREl poder y el valor. Funda-mentos de una tica poltica. 0p[LFRFCE$XQTXHFODUDPHQWHFRLQFLGHQWHHQODSHUVSHFWLYDFUtWLFDTXHDTXtVHDVXPHDPERVDXWRUHVVLQHPEDUJRPDQWLHQHQYLJHQWHVFLHUWDVFDWHJRUtDVGHOSHQVDPLHQWRSROtWLFRFOiVLFR3HURHVHVHUiWHPDGHRWURHQVD\R

    31*'HOHX]H\)*XDWWDULMil mesetas,YpDVHHODSDUWDGR&RQVXSHUVSHFWLYDLQPD-QHQWLVWD\PDTXtQLFDDVXEMHWLYD'HOHX]H\*XDWWDULPDUFDURQSDXWDVGHOSHQVDPLHQWRDFWXDODXQTXHQRVLHPSUHVH OHVUHFRQR]FDH[SUHVDPHQWHGDGD ODDYHFHV LQGLJHULEOHFUHDWLYLGDGGHHVWRVSHQVDGRUHV%UHYHPHQWHVHSXHGHHQWHQGHUSRUOtQHDVGHIXJD\PiTXLQDVGHJXHUUDORVPRYLPLHQWRVVRFLDOHVTXHURPSHQUDGLFDOPHQWHFRQHORUGHQGHO(VWDGRHODSDUDWRGHFDSWXUDODVHVWUXFWXUDVGHFRQWUROHQXQSURFHVRGHLQYHQFLyQRFUHDWLYLGDGGHDOJRQXHYRUHKX\HQGRDVtDODDOWHUQDWLYDGHDSRGHUDUVH\FDPELDUHO(VWDGRRELHQGHGHGLFDUVHDGHVWUXLUOR

    32(XJHQLR7UtDVMeditacin sobre el poder. %DUFHORQD$QDJUDPD

  • EN-CLAVES del pensamiento, ao V, nm. 10, julio-diciembre 2011, pp. 105-124.

    )UDJPHQWRVVREUHORSROtWLFR 119

    SRWHQFLDGHQRQLODGHMDUDDWUiVUHVSHFWRGHODFWRVLQRTXHODKDUiSDVDULQ-WHJUDOPHQWHHQpOFRPRWDOHVGHFLUSRGUiQRQRSDVDUDODFWR33(QODYtDGHODGREOHQHJDFLyQTXHOyJLFDPHQWHHVLJXDODODYtDSRVLWLYDVHHQFXHQWUDQRREVWDQWHODSUHVHUYDFLyQGHQXHVWUDSRWHQFLDHOODSHUPDQHFHLQWDFWDHVWRHVQRVHLGHQWLFDQRVHMDHQXQDUHDOL]DFLyQWDORFXDOPDQWLHQHXQPDUJHQGHYLUWXDOLGDGGHSRVLELOLGDG\OLEHUWDGTXHHVVXYHUGDGHUDQDWXUDOH]D3RGHPRVser x, y o zSHURDODYH]SRGHPRVQRVHUx, y, o z. Puedo escribir o puedo QRHVFULELUHOLMRQRQRHVFULELUTXLHUHGHFLUTXHIRU]RVDPHQWHHOLMRHVFULELU"3UREDEOHPHQWHSHURQRVyORHVR1RHVWiQQHJDGDVRWUDVSRVLELOLGDGHVORTXHVtVXFHGHFXDQGRVHRSHUDVRODPHQWHFRQODGHQLFLyQSRVLWLYDHOLMRHVFULELUQRKD\PiVTXHHVWDSRVLELOLGDG\QLQJXQDRWUD8QDSULPHUDGHULYDFLyQGHODVWHVLVGH$JDPEHQHVODDUPDFLyQGHXQD

    YLVLyQWUiJLFDKXPLOGHGHODSRWHQFLDKXPDQDpVWDQRVyORYDOHFXDQGRVHUHDOL]DFXDQGRSDVDDODFWRTXHUHTXLHUHVLHPSUHXQDvoluntadPiVRPH QRVGHFLGLGD\TXL]iDOR~OWLPRXQDYROXQWDGGHGRPLQLRGHFRQWUROGHSUHFL-VLyQGHSRVLWLYLGDG\DJRWDPLHQWR9DOHWDPELpQ\TXL]iPiVHQVXVPRPHQWRVGHQRUHDOL]DFLyQGHQRHIHFWXDFLyQHVRTXHGHVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWDGHXQDSXUDYROXQWDGGHGRPLQLRVHGHVLJQDVyORQHJDWLYDPHQWHFRPRLPSRWHQFLDGHELOLGDGIUDFDVRGHVYtRRGHVYDUtR3HURKD\DTXtHQYHUGDGSRWHQFLDODPD\RUSRWHQFLDQRODGHXQ'LRVWRGRSRGHURVRHLQDFFHVLEOHVLQRODGHXQGLRVLQQLWDPHQWHGpELOLQQLWDPHQWHLPSRWHQWHHOVXIULPLHQWRLQQLWRGHOFUXFLFDGRDTXHOTXHSHUPDQHFHVLHPSUHFHUFDHQODFRQWLQJHQFLDUDGLFDO8QEHOORHLOXVWUDWLYRHQVD\RGH$JDPEHQVREUHHVWHSXQWRORFRQVWLWX\HVX

    DSRUWHDXQDUHH[LyQFROHFWLYDHQODTXHSDUWLFLSDQ*LOOHV'HOHX]H\-RVp/XLV3DUGRVREUHODH[WUDRUGLQDULDQRYHOLWDGH+HUPDQ0HOYLOOHBartleby el escribien-te.34(VODKLVWRULDGHXQHVFULELHQWHXQFRSLVWDTXHFXDQGRHVFRQWUDWDGRVHQLHJDDHVFULELUHVGHFLUDKDFHUORTXHVXSRQHWLHQHTXHKDFHU/RUDURHVODPDQHUDFRPRUHVSRQGHDODOODPDGDDWUDEDMDUGHVXSDWUyQSUHIHULUtDQRKDFHUORGLFHVLQEUXVTXHGDGSHURFRQUPH]DFRQWHUTXHGDGLQFOXVR5HV-SXHVWDGLItFLOGHVFRQFHUWDQWH4XpVHSXHGHKDFHUDQWHHOOD"3UiFWLFDPHQWHHOPXQGRWRGRVHGHUUXPEDDSDUWLUGHHVWHDFRQWHFLPLHQWR\0HOYLOOHQDUUDGHPRGRSXQWXDOHVWHGHUUXPEDPLHQWRHVWHGHVIRQGDPLHQWRJHQHUDOL]DGRGHO6HUGHO3RGHUGHO2UGHQ%DVWyXQSUHIHULUtDQRKDFHUOR,PSRWHQFLD"

    33*$JDPEHQLa potencia del pensamiento. 7UDG)&RVWD\(&DVWUR%DUFHORQD$QDJUDPD2008, p. 298.

    34*'HOHX]H*$JDPEHQ-RVp/XLV3DUGRPreferira no hacerlo. Bartleby el escribiente de Herman Melvill7UDGGH-/3DUGR9DOHQFLD3UHWH[WRV/RVHQVD\RVVRQ%DUWOHE\RODIyUPXODGH*'HOHX]H%DUWOHE\RGHODFRQWLQJHQFLDGH*$JDPEHQ\%DUWOHE\RGHODKXPD-QLGDGGH-RVp/XLV3DUGR,QFOX\HODQRYHODGH0HOYLOOHWUDGXFLGDSRU-0%HQtWH]

  • 120 0DULR7HRGRUR5DPtUH]

    EN-CLAVES del pensamiento, ao V, nm. 10, julio-diciembre 2011, pp. 105-124.

    Inmanensidad

    $KRUDELHQGyQGHHVWiHVDSRWHQFLDSXUDDEVROXWDQRUHDOL]DGDMDPiVHVHSRGHUGHQR"(QHOpensamiento QLPiVQLPHQRVHO SHQVDPLHQWRHVHVRVLHPSUHKDVLGRDFXVDGRGHHVRGHVHULQDFWLYRLPSRWHQWHGHQRSDVDUDODFWRGHQRDGPLWLUDJRWDUVHGHTXHUHUVXEVLVWLUHQVXGHELOLGDGHQVXSXUDSRVLELOLGDG&LHUWDPHQWHHOSHQVDPLHQWRQRVyORVHHQFXHQWUDHQODORVRItDVLQRHQWRGDREUDGHFXOWXUDGRQGHXQPDUJHQHVH[SXHVWRGRQGHXQLQQLWRHVKRUDGDGRGHVGHODQLWXGPiVFRQFUHWDHQHODUWHHQHOPLWRHQODUHOLJLyQSHURWDPELpQHQODFLHQFLDHQODH[SHULHQFLDHQODYLGD/DVYHUGDGHUDVHV-IHUDVGHODSXUDpotentia.(QWRGRVORVFDVRVSDUDGLJPiWLFDPHQWHHQODORVRItD\HQHODUWH\HQ

    FLHUWRV DVSHFWRV HQ OD FLHQFLDVH WUDWD GH UHDOL]DFLRQHV QHJDWLYDV GH ODSRWHQFLDSRUFXDQWRORUHDOL]DGRHVGHVX\RLQVXFLHQWHRLQFRPSOHWRXQDSRVLWLYLGDGYDJDRSUREOHPiWLFD\PiVTXHXQDUHDOL]DFLyQRDFWXDOL]DFLyQREMHWLYDFLyQHWFpWHUDVHFRQYLHUWHHQXQHPEOHPDRXQVLJQRGHDTXHOODSRWHQFLDSXUDQHJDWLYDTXHSHUVLVWHVLHPSUH\TXHVLHPSUHSXHGHYROYHUDGDUVHxDOHVGHVt7RGRORFRQWUDULRGHODYR]GHRUGHQGHORVGLULJHQWHVORVVDFHUGRWHVORVLQWHOHFWXDOHVRUJiQLFRV/DHIHFWXDFLyQQHJDWLYDGHODSRWHQFLDHQODVUHDOL]DFLRQHVFXOWXUDOHVVXSHUD

    DVtGHSULQFLSLRODHQDMHQDFLyQLQKHUHQWHDODH[LVWHQFLDSROtWLFDTXHPHQFLRQi-EDPRV$TXtQRKD\VHSDUDFLyQHQWUHODSRWHQFLD\HOUHVXOWDGRHQWUHODSUD[LVLQVWLWX\HQWH \ HO VHU LQVWLWXLGR3RU ORPLVPR OD OyJLFDGH OD UHSUHVHQWDFLyQTXHGDDQXODGD1LQJXQDGLYLVLyQRGXDOLGDGGXUDVXEVLVWH3HUPDQHFHPRVHQXQGHOHX]LDQRplano de inmanencia, en un campo de inmanencia, que no es HOFDPSRGRQGHWRGRHVORPLVPRSXURVHUVLQRGRQGHWRGRSXHGHVHU\WRGRSXHGHQRVHUDODYH]VLQXQDGHWHUPLQDFLyQSUHYLDVLQXQDRUGHQRXQPDQGDWRGDGR5HVWDGHFLUUHVSHFWRDODLQPDQHQFLDTXHQRGHEHFRQIXQGLUVHFRQXQFRQ-

    IRUPLVPRFRQXQDLQGLIHUHQFLDFLyQHQODTXHWRGRGDORPLVPR$XQTXHH[FOX\HDODWUDVFHQGHQFLDGHSULQFLSLRODLQPDQHQFLDQRFRQVWLWX\HXQRUGHQHVWiWLFR\FRPSDFWRXQVHUGDGR(OSODQRVLHPSUHHVWiHQPRYLPLHQWR\QRKD\WpUPLQRSDUDHVWDPRYLOLGDGODLQPDQHQFLDVHDEUHSRUWRGRVODGRVDXQLQQLWRSRVL-WLYRDXQDLQPHQVLGDGVLQWUDVFHQGHQFLDVQLFDUHQFLDV3RUHVRUHVXOWDJHQLDOODLQYHQFLyQGHOSRHWD-XOHV/DIRUJXHGHOWpUPLQRinmanensidadFLWDGRSRU&RPWH6SRQYLOOH35 una inmensa inmanencia, una inmensidad inmanente./D

    35$QGUp&RPWH6SRQYLOOHEl alma del atesmo. Introduccin a una espiritualidad sin Dios7UDGGH-RUGL7HUUp%DUFHORQD3DLGyVS3DUDXQDFUtWLFDVLQFRQFHVLRQHVDODWHRORJtD\

  • EN-CLAVES del pensamiento, ao V, nm. 10, julio-diciembre 2011, pp. 105-124.

    )UDJPHQWRVVREUHORSROtWLFR 121

    LQPDQHQFLDHOPDWHULDOLVPRHODWHtVPRHOUHDOLVPRQRUHTXLHUH\DGHODWUDVFHQGHQFLDHQWRGRPRPHQWRODWUDHFRQVLJR\ODPXOWLSOLFDFRQVWDQWHPHQ-WHFRPRODVWUDVFHQGHQFLDVIHQRPHQROyJLFDVGHTXHKDEODED+XVVHUO/DLQPDQHQFLDTXHGDVDOYDGD)DOWDUtDSRUSUHFLVDUHQTXpSXHGHFRQVLVWLUKDVWDSURJUDPiWLFDPHQWHXQD

    SROtWLFDLQPDQHQWHXQDSROtWLFDGHOSODQRGHODKRUL]RQWDOLGDGHVSRVLEOHSR-GHPRV"3RUORSURQWRYDOJDXQDREVHUYDFLyQHOHPHQWDOSDUDKDFHUXQDSROtWL FDLQPDQHQWHXQDSROtWLFDGHODUHGGHODFRQHFWLYLGDGDOHDWRULDGHODDUWLFXOD-FLyQDELHUWDGHOVHUHQFRP~QRGHODPXOWLWXGQREDVWDFRQQHJDUREXVFDUGHVWUXLUHORUGHQHVWDEOHFLGRHOSRGHULQVWLWXLGR8QDSROtWLFDLQPDQHQWHSXHGHLQFOXVRQHJRFLDUDWUDYHVDUGHFRQVWUXLU\UHFRQVWUXLUODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVHVWDEOHFL-GDV6XGLIHUHQFLDHVTXHHOODHVWiOLEHUDGDSRVLWLYDPHQWHVLQGHVDOLHQWRVLQQLKLOLVPRGHOPLWRGHOSRGHUGHODVREHUDQtDGHO(VWDGR\KDVWDGHOGHUHFKR8QDSROtWLFD LQPDQHQWHQRUHFODPDGHUHFKRVQLUHTXLHUHQRUPDVWUDVFHQGHQ WHV1RTXLHUHWHQHUHOSRGHUVLQRHMHUFHUHOSRGHUTXH\DWLHQHODSRWHQFLDSXUDde ser.

    Democracia absoluta

    (QHVWH~OWLPRDSDUWDGRFRPHQWDUHPRVVHQGRVWH[WRVPiVRPHQRVUHFLHQWHVGH-HDQ/XF1DQF\\-DFTXHV5DQFLqUHDFHUFDGHODGHPRFUDFLDHQVXOtPLWHGH FRPSUHQVLyQ\YDORUDFLyQPiVH[WUHPRQRQHFHVDULDPHQWHH[WUHPLVWD(QODUHGHQLFLyQGHGHPRFUDFLDSXHVWDHQHVFHQDSRUHVWRVDXWRUHVVHSRQHQHQMXHJRWRGRVORVFRPSRQHQWHVGHQXHVWUDVUHH[LRQHVIUDJPHQWDULDVVREUHHOSR GHU\ORSROtWLFRGHHVWDFRQFHSFLyQIUDJPHQWDULDVREUHORSROtWLFRTXHHVDODYH]XQDUHH[LyQVREUHODIUDJPHQWDULHGDGGHORSROtWLFR-DFTXHV5DQFLqUHVHSURSRQHXQREMHWLYRVLPSOHGLUHFWR\HVFODUHFHGRU

    SRQHUHQFXHVWLyQODVRUGDSHURLQVLGLRVDFUtWLFDDODGHPRFUDFLDEl odio a la de- mocraciaVHWLWXODHOOLEURPiVELHQXQPDQLHVWRHQODVRFLHGDGDFWXDOODVX-SRVLFLyQUHWUyJUDGDGHTXHQXHVWURVSUREOHPDVSROtWLFRV\VRFLDOHVWLHQHQTXHYHUFRQXQH[FHVRGHGHPRFUDFLD(OJRELHUQRGHPRFUiWLFRMX]JDHOQXHYR

    DODVUHOLJLRQHVSDUWLFXODUPHQWHDODWULDGDPRQRWHtVWDMXGDtVPRFULVWLDQLVPRLVODPLVPRYpDVH0LFKDHO2QIUD\Tratado de ateologa7UDGGH/X])UHLUH%DUFHORQD$QDJUDPD

    (QWRGRFDVRXQDSROtWLFDLQPDQHQWHDVXPHRGHEHDVXPLUXQDFRQFHSFLyQSUDJPiWLFRIXQFLRQDO\VLHPSUHUHODWLYL]DGRUDRSUXGHQFLDODOPHQRVGHORUGHQMXUtGLFRSROtWLFRHVWDEOHFLGRQLQJXQDFRQFHVLyQWUDVFHQGHQWLVWDQLQJXQDGHOHJLWLPLGDGa priori(O3RGHUHVXQPDOQHFHVDULRPDORVLHPSUHQHFHVDULRKDVWDDKRUD1XQFDXQELHQPHQRVQHFHVDULR

  • 122 0DULR7HRGRUR5DPtUH]

    EN-CLAVES del pensamiento, ao V, nm. 10, julio-diciembre 2011, pp. 105-124.

    VHQWLPLHQWRDQWLGHPRFUiWLFRHVPDORFXDQGRVHGHMDFRUURPSHUSRUXQDVRFLHGDGGHPRFUiWLFDTXHTXLHUHTXHWRGRVVHDQ LJXDOHV\TXHVHUHVSHWHQWRGDVODVGLIHUHQFLDV37(OHVFiQGDORTXHODGHPRFUDFLDLPSOLFD\KDLPSOLFDGRVLHPSUHHVKR\PiVLQFLVLYRTXHQXQFDSHURWDPELpQUHVXOWDPiVSUtVWLQRTXHQXQFDVXYDORUODHVHQFLDVLPSOHGHODGHPRFUDFLDHOSULQFLSLRGHODLJXDOGDGVLQPiVODUHJODGHOVRUWHRHOJRELHUQRGHOD]DUGLYLQR38ODOH\GHODVXHUWH39 (OGHUHFKRDJREHUQDUDQRJREHUQDUGHXQFXDOTXLHUD(QHVWHVHQWLGRGHVDUUROOD5DQFLqUHODGHPRFUDFLDUHWUDHDODYH]ODHVHQFLDGHWRGDSROtWLFD\PDUFDVXOtPLWHVXPiVDOOi9HDPRVHODUJXPHQWRGHOOyVRIRIUDQFpVIUHQWHDODVRSFLRQHVGHXQJRELHUQRGHQLGRSRUHOQDFLPLHQWRODULTXH]DRODDXWRUL GDGUHVWDVyORODH[FHSFLyQRUGLQDULDHVWRHVHOSRGHUGHOSXHEORTXHQRHVHOGHODSREODFLyQRVXPD\RUtDVLQRHOSRGHUGHFXDOTXLHUDFRQLQGHSHQGHQ-FLDGHVXFDSDFLGDGSDUDRFXSDUODSRVLFLyQGHJREHUQDQWH\GHJREHUQDGR(OJRELHUQRSROtWLFRWLHQHSRUORWDQWRXQIXQGDPHQWR3HURHVWHIXQGDPHQWRGDOX JDUWDPELpQDODFRQWUDGLFFLyQODSROtWLFDHVHOIXQGDPHQWRGHOSRGHUGHJREHUQDUHQDXVHQFLDGHIXQGDPHQWR40(VFRPRVLHPSUHKHPRVVDELGRHOSULQFLSLRGHDXWRULGDGGHOHJLWLPLGDGper seORTXHODGHPRFUDFLDSRQHHQFXHVWLyQ\DOQHQFULVLVSHUPDQHQWH/DFRQFOXVLyQGH5DQFLqUHHVLPSDFWDQWHFRPRXQUD\RODVWDQFRUULHQWHVTXHMDVVREUHODLQJREHUQDELOLGDGGHODGHPRFUDFLDUHPLWHQHQ~OWLPDLQVWDQFLDDHVWRODGHPRFUDFLDQRHVQLXQDVRFLHGDGSRUJREHUQDUQLXQJRELHUQRGHODVRFLHGDG(VSURSLDPHQWHHVDLQJREHUQDELOLGDGVREUHODFXDOWRGRJRELHUQRGHEHHQGHQLWLYDGHVFXEULUVHIXQGDGR41(QQODGHVQXGDGHPRFUDFLDFRQWUDYLHQHSXQWRSRUSXQWRFXDOTXLHUHVWDWXWRGHJRELHUQRLQFOXLGRHOJRELHUQRGHPRFUiWLFR(OODHVHQUHDOLGDGHOKRUL]RQWHGHGHVJRELHUQRHQHOTXHWRGRJRELHUQRVHPXHYH\HQVXVOtPLWHVVHGLVXHOYH3RUVXSDUWH -HDQ/XF1DQF\EDMRRWUDSHUVSHFWLYDORVyFDDUPDHQ

    HVHQFLDODPLVPDWHVLVKD\TXHSHQVDU\KDFHUUHKDFHUODGHPRFUDFLDPiVDOOiGHOJRELHUQR\GHODDXWRULGDGPiVDOOiGHODSROtWLFDLQFOXVR6yORHVWRQRVSXHGHSRQHUHQODYtDGHVXSHUDUHOQLKLOLVPRDFWXDO&RPRORH[SUHVDVLODGHPRFUDFLDWLHQHXQVHQWLGRGHEHVHUHOGHQRGLVSRQHUGHQLQJXQDDXWRULGDGLGHQWLFDEOHDSDUWLUGHXQ OXJDU\XQ LPSXOVRGLIHUHQWHVGH ORVGHXQGHVHRXQDYROXQWDGXQDH[SHFWDWLYDXQSHQVDPLHQWRHQHOFXDOVHH[SUHVH\VH

    37-DFTXHV5DQFLqUHEl odio a la democracia7UDGGH,UHQH$JRII%XHQRV$LUHV$PRUURUWX2007, p. 12.

    38 IbidS39 Ibid., p. 74. 40 Idem.41 Idem.

  • EN-CLAVES del pensamiento, ao V, nm. 10, julio-diciembre 2011, pp. 105-124.

    )UDJPHQWRVVREUHORSROtWLFR 123

    UHFRQR]FDXQDYHUGDGHUDSRVLELOLGDGGHVHUtodos juntos, todos y cada uno de todos42'HPRFUDFLDVHOLJDHVHQFLDOPHQWHVHJ~QHOSHQVDGRUIUDQFpVDXQQXHYRVHQWLGRGHFRPXQLVPRHOGHOVHUHQFRP~QHVWRHVDXQVHQWLGRUDGLFDOGHLJXDOGDGGHVLQJXODULGDG\GHSRWHQFLDOLGDGKXPDQDVGHLQQLWXG(VWDFRPXQLGDGGHVREUDGDVLQLGHQWLGDGVLQLQWHJUDFLyQDUPDDWUDYpVGHDFWRVFRPRHODPRUHODUWHRHOSHQVDPLHQWRXQSDUDGLJPDGHLQHTXLYDOHQFLDJHQHUDOL]DGDOR~QLFRTXHVHOHSXHGHRSRQHUDODGRPLQDFLyQHFRQyPLFD\DOFRQWUROSROtWLFR\VXSDUDGLJPDGHHTXLYDOHQFLDJHQHUDOHOLQGLYLGXDOLVPRDEV WUDFWR3RUHOFRQWUDULRSUHFLVD1DQF\ORFRP~QGHEHKDFHUSRVLEOHODDU-PDFLyQGHFDGDXQRSHURXQDDUPDFLyQTXHVyORYDOJDMXVWDPHQWHHQWUHWRGRV\HQFLHUWRPRGRSDUDWRGRVTXHUHPLWDDWRGRVFRPRDODSRVLELOLGDG\ODDSHUWXUDGHOVHQWLGRVLQJXODUGHFDGDXQR\GHFDGDUHODFLyQ43&RQHVWHSODQWHDPLHQWRXQDGHPRFUDFLDQLHW]VFKHDQDXQDGHPRFUDFLDDULVWRFUiWLFD44 GLFH1DQF\TXHGD]DQMDGDODIDOVDGLFRWRPtDLQGLYLGXRFRPXQLGDGHQODTXHHOSHQVDPLHQWR\HORUGHQSROtWLFRGHODPRGHUQLGDGQRVKDHQWUDPSDGR4XHGDWDPELpQGHQLGDODWDUHD\HOOXJDUGHODGHPRFUDFLDGHODSROtWLFDGHPRFUi WLFDFUHDUODVFRQGLFLRQHVSDUDTXHPiVDOOiGHWRGDSROtWLFDGHWRGRSRGHUHOVHUHQFRP~QRUH]FDVHDUPHDUPDQGRDVtODSRWHQFLDLQGRPDEOHGHODH[LVWHQFLDDemocracia absolutaTXLHUHGHFLUQDOPHQWHHVWRTXHQLODPXHU WHQLODYLGDYDOHQSRUVtPLVPDV\TXHVyORYDOHODH[LVWHQFLDFRPSDUWLGDHQFXDQWRDOOtVHH[SRQHDVXDXVHQFLDGHVHQWLGR~OWLPRFRPRDVXYHUGDGHURHLQQLWRVHQWLGRGHVHU45

    Fragmento de conclusin

    1XHVWUDVSDODEUDVQDOHVQRVRQSHVLPLVWDVQLPHUDPHQWHRSWLPLVWDV1XHV WURVIUDJPHQWRVKDQTXHULGRDSXQWDUDODQHFHVLGDGGHXQSHQVDPLHQWRGHORSROtWLFRPHQRVGXUDPHQWHVLVWHPiWLFR\RUGHQDGRYtDSDUDHPSH]DUDVXSH-UDU OD IRUPD VLHPSUH VLVWHPDWL]DQWH \ RUGHQDGRUD GHO SRGHU3HUR WDPSRFRFUHHPRVTXHVHWUDWHVLPSOHPHQWHGHFRQYDOLGDUHOUHFKD]RDOTXHKDFHUSROtWL-FRXQDSRVWXUDQDGDQRYHGRVDVLHPSUHKDMXJDGRSRUDKtHQODVIRUPDVGHOPRUDOLVPRSXULVWDWUDGLFLRQDOOXHJRHQHOFLHQWLFLVPRRHQODVDUJXPHQWDFLRQHV

    42-/1DQF\La verdad de la democracia7UDGGH+RUDFLR3RQV%XHQRV$LUHV$PRUURUWX2009, pp. 29-30.

    43 Ibid., p. 45. 44 Ibid., pp. 42,47.45 Ibid., p. 54.

  • 124 0DULR7HRGRUR5DPtUH]

    EN-CLAVES del pensamiento, ao V, nm. 10, julio-diciembre 2011, pp. 105-124.

    VLHPSUHDSDUHQWHPHQWHVHQVDWDVGH ORV WHFQyFUDWDV\ ORVYDORUDGRUHVGH ODQHFHVLGDG\ERQGDGGHODJREHUQDQFLDWpFQLFRDGPLQLVWUDWLYDLQFRQWDPLQDGDGHFULWHULRVSROtWLFRV1RFHOHEUDPRVQLQJXQDGHVDSDULFLyQGHORSROtWLFRWRGRORFRQWUDULR4XHUHPRVGHVWDFDUPiVELHQODJHQHUDOL]DFLyQHQODVVRFLHGDGHVFRQWHPSRUiQHDV GHPRGRV GHO TXHKDFHU SROtWLFR TXH UHEDVDQ ODV FDWHJR UtDVODVIyUPXODV\ORVHVWDQFRVWUDGLFLRQDOHVHO(VWDGRODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVHOGHUHFKRORVSDUWLGRVHWFpWHUDYROYLHQGRDOLJDUHVHTXHKDFHUDODYLGD\ODDFFLyQVRFLDOFRQFUHWDHQVXGHVHRVXYROXQWDGVXIXHU]DUHDOGHPRFUDFLDUDGLFDOSHURVLQQHJDUWDPSRFRODFRQWLQJHQFLDODSOXUDOLGDGODGLIHUHQFLDOLGDGHOFRQLFWRHOGLVHQVRODLUUHYHUVLELOLGDG\ODLPSUHYLVLELOLGDGTXHFDUDFWHUL]DDODFRPXQLGDGUHDO\TXHGDODQRUPDSDUDGyMLFDGHORTXHHVVXSRGHUUHDOVXSRWHQFLDUHDOSRGHUGHVHUSRGHUGHUHDOL]DUSHURWDPELpQSRGHUGHQRVHUGHQRUHDOL]DUSRWHQFLDSXUDHVWRHVFDSDFLGDGGHPDQWHQHUDELHUWDVLHPSUHODSRVLELOLGDGGHODFUHDWLYLGDGGHOVHQWLGRGHODVLJQLFDFLyQ\ODYHUGDGGHOSUR SLRGHVHRLQFOXVR1XHVWUDFRQFOXVLyQQRHVSXULVWDWDPSRFRHQHVWHVHQWLGRXQQXHYRUHFRQRFLPLHQWRGHORSROtWLFRXQDQXHYDSUiFWLFDGHORSROtWLFRTXHFRPLHQ]DVLHQGRSUiFWLFDGHORLPSROtWLFRQRUHTXLHUHFRPRFRQGLFLyQODGHV-WUXFFLyQGH ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHVH[LVWHQWHV OD H[SORVLyQGHXQSXURHVSDFLR GHDQDUTXtDGLVSHUVLyQ\GHVREHGLHQFLD6LQVRPHWHUVHDORUGHQHVWDEOHFLGRHVWHQXHYRHMHUFLFLRGHORSROtWLFRQRUHFKD]DODQHFHVLGDG\ORVEHQHFLRVGHORVFDPELRVSURGXFLGRVHQHVHRUGHQVLPSOHPHQWH\DQRKDFHGHSHQGHUWRGRGHHVRVORJURV6HWUDWDHQYHUGDGGHOLEHUDUORSROtWLFRHQWRGDVVXVIRUPDVHQWRGRVORVOXJDUHV\HQWRGRVORVPRPHQWRV

    )HFKDGHUHFHSFLyQ)HFKDGHDFHSWDFLyQ

    EC10-00a-PreliminaresEC10-00b-ndiceEC10-01-De LenEC10-02-SerraEC10-03-GarcaEC10-04-KrotzEC10-05-MisseriEC10-06-RuizEC10-07-RamrezEC10-08-CuevaEC10-09-IrachetaEC10-10-ValidacinEC10-11-ReseasEC10-12-Propaganda