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UNIVERSIDAD ANDINA NÉSTOR CÁCERES VELÁSQUEZ

FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA Y CIENCIAS PURAS

ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE

 INGENIERÍA INDUSTRIAL

TRABAJO ENCARGADO:

DISEÑO DE PLANTA

 “DISPONIBILIDAD DE MANO DE OBRA”

PRESENTADO POR:

  RADO CHAMBI CLEIDI MERCEDES

PANCA MENDOZA KEIKO LILY

QUISPE HUANACO LUZ MACARENA

  DOCENTE ENCARGADO

Ing. PERCY MAMANI PACORI

JULIACA, ABRIL DEL 20!

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.

AGRADECIMIENTO

 A n"#$%&' (')#n%# Ing. P#&)* M++n- P+)'&- (# n"#$%&+ )+&&#&+ "# n'$

/&-n(+ $"$ )'n')--#n%'$ * '& 1+$ #n$#+n3+$ "# n'$ -+&%# + (-+&-'4 ("&+n%#

n"#$%&+ 5-(+ "n-5#&$-%+&-+.

Q"#&#'$ +g&+(#)#& #$%# %&+/+6' + 1+$ #&$'n+$ "# $-#&# #$%7n + n"#$%&'

1+(' (# +n#&+ -n)'n(-)-'n+1 * (#$-n%#&#$+(+ "# $'n n"#$%&'$ +(&#$ *

8#&+n'$, $'1' n'$ "#(+ +g&+(#)#&1#$ '& #1 +'*', 1+ )'n9-+n3+ ("&+n%# #$%#&')#$' (# n"#$%&+ )+&&#&+ "n-5#&$-%+&-+4 *+ "# $-n $" &#$+1(', )"1-n+& #$%+

-'&%+n%# #%++ (# n"#$%&+ 5-(+ n' $#&:+ '$-/1#.

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DEDICATORIA

D#(-)+(' )'n ")8' )+&-' * +9#)%' +&+

n"#$%&'$ +(&#$ * 8#&+n'$;+< "# n'$

/&-n(+&'n $" +'*' '&+1

-n)'n(-)-'n+1#n%# #n #1 +5+n)# (#

n"#$%&+ )+&&#&+ &'9#$-'n+1 +&+ +1)+n3+& 

n"#$%&+$ #%+$.

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INTRODUCCIÓN

LA DISPONIBILIDAD DE MANO DE OBRA

L+ )++)-(+( n'&+1 (# #&$'n+$ (-$'n-/1#$ +&+ %"$ &')#$'$.

. MANO DE OBRA

L+ +n' (# '/&+ ' %&+/+6' 9+/&-1 &#&#$#n%+ #1 9+)%'& 8"+n' (# 1+ &'("))-=n, $-n

)"*+ -n%#&5#n)-=n n' '(&:+ &#+1-3+&$# 1+ +)%-5-(+( +n"9+)%"&#&+,

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-n(##n(-#n%##n%# (#1 g&+(' (# (#$+&&'11' #)7n-)' ' +"%'7%-)' (# 1'$

&')#$'$ %&+n$9'&+%-5'$.

.

R#)"&$'$ 8"+n'$> N' $'1' #1 #$9"#&3' ' 1+ +)%-5-(+( 8"+n+ "#(+n

)'&#n(-('$ #n #$%# g&"', $-n' %+/-?n '%&'$ 9+)%'&#$ "# (+n (-5#&$+$

'(+1-(+(#$ + #$+ +)%-5-(+(> )'n')--#n%'$, #@#&-#n)-+$, '%-5+)-=n, -n%#&#$#$

5')+)-'n+1#$, +%-%"(#$, +)%-%"(#$, 8+/-1-(+(#$, '%#n)-+1-(+(#$, $+1"(, #%).

L'$ &#)"&$'$ 8"+n'$ $# 8+n (#6+(' +1 1%-' n' '& $#& 1'$ #n'$ -'&%+n%#$,

$-n' '&"#, $-#n(' '/6#%' (# #$%# #n$+*', &#"-#&#n (# "n+ #@1-)+)-=n 7$+1-+.

SELECCIÓN DEL PERSONAL

Un+ 5#3 "# $# (-$'n# (# "n g&"' -(=n#' (# $'1-)-%+n%#$ '/%#n-(' #(-+n%# #1

&#)1"%+-#n%', $# (+ -n-)-' +1 &')#$' (# $#1#))-=n. E$%+ 9+$# -1-)+ "n+ $#&-# (#

+$'$ "# ++(#n )'1#6-(+( + 1+ (#)-$-=n (# )'n%&+%+& * )'n$"#n )-#&%'

%-#'. E$%'$ 9+)%'&#$ "#(#n &#$"1%+& -&&-%+n%#$, %+n%' +&+ 1'$ )+n(-(+%'$, "#

(#$#+n -n-)-+& (# -n#(-+%', )'' +&+ 1'$ g#&#n%#$ (# 1'$ (#+&%+#n%'$ )'n

5+)+n%#$.

E1 &')#$' (# $#1#))-=n )'n$-$%# #n "n+ $#&-# (# +$'$ #$#):9-)'$ "# $#

#1#+n +&+ (#)-(-& "? $'1-)-%+n%#$ (#/#n $#& )'n%&+%+('$. E1 &')#$' $# -n-)-+

#n #1 '#n%' #n "# "n+ #&$'n+ $'1-)-%+ "n #1#' * %#&-n+ )"+n(' $#

&'(")# 1+ (#)-$-=n (# )'n%&+%+& + "n' (# 1'$ $'1-)-%+n%#$.

OBJETIVOS Y DESAFÍOS DE LA SELECCIÓN DE PERSONAL

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L'$ (#+&%+#n%'$ (# #&$'n+1 #1#+n #1 &')#$' (# $#1#))-=n +&+ &')#(#& +

1+ )'n%&+%+)-=n (# n"#5' #&$'n+1. L+ -n9'&+)-=n "# /&-n(+ #1 +n71-$-$ (# "#$%'

&''&)-'n+ 1+ (#$)&-)-=n (# 1+$ %+&#+$, 1+$ #$#)-9-)+)-'n#$ 8"+n+$ * 1'$

n-5#1#$ (# (#$##' "# &#"-#&# )+(+ "#$%'4 1'$ 1+n#$ (# &#)"&$'$ 8"+n'$

+ )'&%' * 1+&g' 1+3'$, "# #&-%#n )'n')#& 1+$ 5+)+n%#$ 9"%"&+$ )'n )-#&%+

&#)-$-=n, * #&-%#n +$--$' )'n(")-& #1 &')#$' (# $#1#))-=n #n 9'&+ 1=g-)+ *

'&(#n+(+, * 9-n+1#n%#, 1'$ )+n(-(+%'$ "# $'n #$#n)-+1#$ +&+ (-$'n#& (# "n

g&"' (# #&$'n+$ #n%&# 1+$ )"+1#$ $# "#(# #$)'g#&. E$%'$ %&#$ #1##n%'$

(#%#&-n+n #n g&+n #(-(+ 1+ #9#)%-5-(+( (#1 &')#$' (# $#1#))-=n. H+* '%&'$

#1##n%'$ +(-)-'n+1#$ #n #1 &')#$' (# $#1#))-=n, "# %+/-?n (#/#n $#& 

)'n$-(#&+('$> 1+ '9#&%+ 1--%+(+ (# #1#', 1'$ +$#)%'$ ?%-)'$, 1+$ '1:%-)+$ (# 1+

'&g+n-3+)-=n * #1 +&)' 1#g+1 #n #1 "# $# -n$)&-/# %'(+ 1+ +)%-5-(+(

E1 &')#$' (# $#1#))-=n n' #$ "n 9-n #n $: -$', #$ "n #(-' +&+ "# 1+

'&g+n-3+)-=n 1'g&# $"$ '/6#%-5'$. L+ #&#$+ -'n(&7 1:-%#$, )'' $"$

&#$""#$%'$ * '1:%-)+$ "# -n91"*#n #n #1 &')#$'. L--%+n%#$ #n ')+$-'n#$,

#$%'$ #1##n%'$ )'n%&-/"*#n + 1+&g' 1+3' + 1+ #9#)%-5-(+( (# 1+ $#1#))-=n. L+$

#%+$ (# 1+ #&#$+ $# +1)+n3+&7n #6'& )"+n(' $# -'ng+n +"%+$ )1+&+$,

&'-+$ (# 1+ )-&)"n$%+n)-+ #$#):9-)+ #n "# $# (#$##+, * "# )'n%&-/"*+n

n' $'1+#n%# +1 ?@-%' 9-n+n)-#&' (# 1+ )'+:+, $-n' %+/-?n +1 /-#n#$%+& g#n#&+1

(# 1+ )'"n-(+(.

S#&:+ "n #6'& -n%#&?$ (# "n+ #&#$+ 1+n#+& '1:%-)+$ 91#@-/1#$, '(#&n+$ #-n%#1-g#n%#$ "# )'1##n%#n 9+)%'&#$ (-9#&#n%#$ +1 1")&' + )'&%' 1+3'. E1

&'9#$-'n+1 (# 1+ +(-n-$%&+)-=n (# &#)"&$'$ 8"+n'$ #n9&#n%+ #n #$%# )+'

"n' (# 1'$ &#%'$ 7$ $-gn-9-)+%-5'$ (# $" +)%-5-(+( * 1+$ #&#$+$ #n "#

%&+/+6+&7 #$#&+n "# ?1 +'&%# #n9'"#$ 7$ $')-+1#$ * 8"+n'$ + $"$ '1:%-)+$

(# $#1#))-=n.

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PRODUCTIVIDAD

S# &#9-#&# + 1+ &'("))-=n '& )+(+ %&+/+6+('&, 1+ &'("))-=n '& )+(+ 8'&+

%&+/+6+(+, ' )"+1"-#& "n%' (# -n(-)+('& (# 1+ &'("))-=n #n 9"n)-=n (#1 9+)%'& 

%&+/+6'. L' 8+/-%"+1 #$ "# 1+ &'("))-=n $# )+1)"1# "%-1-3+n(' n#&'$ :n(-)#$;&#1+)-'n+('$, '& #6#1', )'n 1+ &'("))-=n * 1+$ 8'&+$ %&+/+6+(+$<, * #11'

#&-%# +5#&-g"+& 1+ %+$+ #n "# 5+&:+ 1+ &'(")%-5-(+(. L'$ (+&'$ 7$ 9-+/1#$ #n

#$%# $#n%-(' &'5-#n#n (# 1+ -n("$%&-+, '&"# #$ #n #$%# $#)%'& ('n(# &#$"1%+

7$ 97)-1 #(-& 1+ &'("))-=n, + (-9#&#n)-+ (#, '& #6#1', "n+ #&#$+ (#

$#&5-)-'$ 9-n+n)-#&'$. Un+ (# 1+$ )1+5#$ (#1 ?@-%' (# "n+ #&#$+ &#$-(# #n

-n)&##n%+& 1+ &'(")%-5-(+(.

#n 1+ &7)%-)+, 1+ &'(")%-5-(+( (# )+(+ 9+)%'& #$ (-9:)-1 (# )+1)"1+& '&"# n' $#"#(# )+1)"1+& )'n #@+)%-%"( "# +&%# (# 1+ &'("))-=n $# (#/# + )+(+ "n' (#

#11'$.

SATISFACCIÓN LABORAL

P'(&:+ (#9-n-&$# )'' 1+ +)%-%"( (#1 %&+/+6+('& 9&#n%# + $" &'-' %&+/+6', (-)8+

+)%-%"( #$%7 /+$+(+ #n 1+$ )&##n)-+$ * 5+1'&#$ "# #1 %&+/+6+('& (#$+&&'11+ (# $"

&'-' %&+/+6'. L+$ +)%-%"(#$ $'n (#%#&-n+(+$ )'n6"n%+#n%# '& 1+$

)+&+)%#&:$%-)+$ +)%"+1#$ (#1 "#$%' )'' '& 1+$ #&)#)-'n#$ "# %-#n# #1

%&+/+6+('& (# 1' "# (#/#&:+n $#&. #n#&+1#n%# 1+$ %&#$ )1+$#$ (#

)+&+)%#&:$%-)+$ (#1 #1#+(' "# +9#)%+n 1+$ #&)#)-'n#$ (#1 (#/#&:+ $#& ;1'

"# (#$#+ "n #1#+(' (# $" "#$%'< $'n>

• 1+$ n#)#$-(+(#$• 1'$ 5+1'&#$• &+$g'$ #&$'n+1#$.

L'$ %&#$ +$#)%'$ (# 1+ $-%"+)-=n (# #1#' "# +9#)%+n 1+$ #&)#)-'n#$ (#1

(#/#&:+ $#& $'n>

• 1+$ )'+&+)-'n#$ $')-+1#$ )'n '%&'$ #1#+('$• 1+$ )+&+)%#&:$%-)+$ (# #1#'$ +n%#&-'&#$• 1'$ g&"'$ (# &#9#&#n)-+.

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L+$ )+&+)%#&:$%-)+$ (#1 "#$%' "# -n91"*#n #n 1+ #&)#)-=n (# 1+$ )'n(-)-'n#$

+)%"+1#$ (#1 "#$%' $'n>

• &#%&-/")-=n•

)'n(-)-'n#$ (# %&+/+6'• $"#&5-$-=n• C'+#&'$• C'n%#n-(' (#1 "#$%'• S#g"&-(+( #n #1 #1#'• O'&%"n-(+(#$ (# &'g&#$'.

 A(#7$ $# "#(# #$%+/1#)#& ('$ %-'$ ' n-5#1#$ (# +n71-$-$ #n 1' "# +

$+%-$9+))-=n $# &#9-#&#>

S+%-$9+))-=n #n#&+1> -n(-)+('& &'#(-' "# "#(# $#n%-& #1 %&+/+6+('& 9&#n%# +

1+$ (-$%-n%+$ 9+)#%+$ (# $" %&+/+6'

S+%-$9+))-=n '& 9+)#%+$> g&+(' +*'& ' #n'& (# $+%-$9+))-=n 9&#n%# + +$#)%'$

#$#):9-)'$ (# $" %&+/+6'> &#)'n')--#n%', /#n#9-)-'$, )'n(-)-'n#$ (#1 %&+/+6',

$"#&5-$-=n &#)-/-(+, )'+#&'$ (#1 %&+/+6', '1:%-)+$ (# 1+ #&#$+.

L+ $+%-$9+))-=n 1+/'&+1 #$%7 &#1+)-'n+(+ +1 )1-+ '&g+n-3+)-'n+1 (# 1+ #&#$+ * +1

(#$##' 1+/'&+1.

Modeo !e"!#!$%o de &#'!o(e) de!e(*$"#"!e) de )#!$)&#''$+" #,o(#

D# +)"#&(' + 1'$ 8+11+3g'$, -n5#$%-g+)-'n#$ * )'n')--#n%'$ +)""1+('$ $#

"#(# )'n$-(#&+& "# 1'$ &-n)-+1#$ 9+)%'&#$ "# (#%#&-n+n 1+ $+%-$9+))-=n

1+/'&+1 $'n>

• R#%' (#1 %&+/+6'

• S-$%#+ (# &#)'#n$+$ 6"$%+$

• C'n(-)-'n#$ 9+5'&+/1#$ (# %&+/+6'

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• R#1+)-'n#$ In%#&n+$

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DISPONIBILIDAD DE MANO DE OBRA Y COSTO DE MANO DE OBRA

L+ (-$'n-/-1-(+( (# +n' (# '/&+ #$ "n 9+)%'& (#1 +n71-$-$ (# 1')+1-3+)-=n (#

1+n%+

L+ +n' (# '/&+ $# "#(# )'n$-(#&+& )'' #1 #$9"#&3' 9:$-)' # -n%#1#)%"+1

n#)#$+&-' "# $# )'n$"# #n 1+ 9+/&-)+)-=n (# "n &'(")%'. En #1 %&+%+-#n%'

)'n%+/1# (# 1'$ )'$%#$ (# #&$'n+1 #$ n#)#$+&-' #1 #$%"(-' (# ('$ +$#)%'$

9"n(+#n%+1#$>

EL COSTO DE MANO DE OBRA

E$%' #$#)-+1#n%# &#91#6+ #n 1+ #)'n':+ (#1 &'*#)%', $'n #1 )'$%' (# 1+

+n' (# '/&+, "# $# &#91#6+&7 #n #1 )+-%+1 -n5#&%-(' * #n 1'$ )'$%'$ (#

&'("))-=n ;)'$%'$ (# +n' (# '/&+ (-&#)%+ # -n(-&#)%+,

+n%#n--#n%', $"#&5-$-=n, 1+/'&+%'&-', #%).<. E$%' #$%7 g#n#&+1#n%#

(#%#&-n+(' '& 1'$ +1%'$ )'$%'$ (# 5-(+ "# &#5+1#)#n #n )-#&%+$

&#g-'n#$, ('n(# 1'$ %+/"1+('&#$ &#91#6+n #$%+ $-%"+)-=n. T'(' #11' #$&'(")%' (#1 #9#)%' (# 1+ 1')+1-(+(, #$)+$#3 (# $#&5-)-'$, 9+)%'&#$ (#

)'#%#n)-+, -n91"#n)-+ (# "n $#)%'& ' -n("$%&-+ #$#):9-)+, '& #6#1'

$-n(-)+%'$, #%). E$%+ $-%"+)-=n $# #n)"#n%&+ #n +1g"n+$ 3'n+$ 9&'n%#&-3+$,

3'n+$ (# (#$+&&'11' -n("$%&-+1, #%)

En #1 )'$%' (# )"+1"-#& +&%:)"1' +n"9+)%"&+(', #1 (# 1+ +n' (# '/&+ &#&#$#n%+"n +1%' '&)#n%+6#

FACTORES QUE INFLUYEN SOBRE EL COSTO DE MANO DE OBRA

 A(#7$ (# 1'$ $+1+&-'$, 5+&-'$ 9+)%'&#$ "#(#n +1%#&+& #1 )'$%' (# 1+ +n' (#

'/&+ * &#(")-& 1+ )'#%-%-5-(+( #n 9"n)-=n (# 1'$ )'$%'$ $- n' $# +n%-#n#n

5-n)"1+('$ + 1+ &'(")%-5-(+(. L'$ g'/-#&n'$ 1#g-$1+n $'/&# (-9#&#n%#$ +$#)%'$

"# -n91"*#n $'/&# #1 &#)-' (#1 %&+/+6'. E$%+$ -n%#&5#n)-'n#$ g#n#&+1#n%# #$%7n

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'%-5+(+$ '& #1 (#$#' (# &'%#g#& + 1'$ %&+/+6+('&#$ 9&#n%# + 1'$ -ng&#$'$ /+6'$

' -n$#g"&'$ ' 1+$ (#9-)-#n%#$ )'n(-)-'n#$ 1+/'&+1#$. S# 8+ (-)8' "# #$%+$

(-$'$-)-'n#$ -n)&##n%+n #1 )'$%' (# 1+ +n' (# '/&+, (+n 1"g+& + (#$#1#' *

)&#+ n"n$#$g')'n%&+1'$ %&+/+6+('&#$

PRESTACIONES OBLIGATORIAS Y RESTRICCIONES A LAS

CONTRATACIONES Y DESPIDOS

T'('$ 1'$ g'/-#&n'$ (# 1+ &#g-=n, #n +*'& ' #n'& g&+(', #$%+/1#)#n

)'n%&-/")-'n#$ '/1-g+%'&-+$ + &'g&++$ (# #n$-'n#$ (# 6"/-1+)-=n, -n)++)-(+( '9+11#)--#n%', $#g"&'$ (# $+1"( * &#$%+)-'n#$ '& +%#&n-(+(, (#$#1#',

+))-(#n%#$ (# %&+/+6' ' +$-gn+)-'n#$ 9+-1-+&#$.

LEYES DE SALARIO MÍNIMO

C'' '%&+$ '1:%-)+$ "# &##&)"%#n #n #1 #&)+(' 1+/'&+1, #1 $+1+&-' :n-' $#

#$%+/1#)# +&+ 9+5'&#)#& #1 /-#n#$%+& (# 1'$ %&+/+6+('&#$ 7$ '/&#$. S-n

#/+&g', 1+ #1#5+)-=n (# 1'$ $+1+&-'$ '& #n)-+ (# 1'$ n-5#1#$ (# &'(")%-5-(+(

"#(# %&+(")-&$# #n "n+ ?&(-(+ (# #1#' * #n "n+ -'&%+n%# (-$-n")-=n (# 1+

+&%-)-+)-=n #n #1 #&)+(' (# #@'&%+)-=n, )'n(-)-'n#$ "# n' #6'&+n #1

/-#n#$%+& (# 1'$ %&+/+6+('&#$

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&7-(+#n%# 1'$ $+1+&-'$ * 1'$ n-5#1#$ (# 5-(+, $-n +1%#&+& 1+ )'#%-%-5-(+( #n

9"n)-=n (# )'$%'$.

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La calificación de la los trabajadores y su disponibilidad .- 

P+&+ -(#n%-9-)+& 1+ )+1-9-)+)-=n &#"#&-(+ #n "n "#$%' ' /-#n #n #1 #&)+(' (#

%&+/+6', +n%#$, $'1:+ $#& + %&+5?$ (# "n +n71-$-$ ')"+)-'n+1 #&' #n &#+1-(+( +8'&+

-$' n' $# "%-1-3+ %+n%' $-n' "# $# )#n%&+n 7$ #n 1+$ #n%&#5-$%+$ -n(-5-("+1#$ *#n 1+ '/$#&5+)-=n. A1g"n+$ #&#$+$ %+/-?n 8+)#n &"#/+$ ' %#$% (# %+1 '('

"# $#+n $- $"$ %&+/+6+('&#$ '(&:+n 11#g+& + (#$##+& '%&'$ "#$%'$ (#

%&+/+6' #n 1+ -$+ #&#$+.

E1 (#+&%+#n%' #n)+&g+(' (# #$%' $#&:+ #1 (# R#)"&$'$ H"+n'$,

(#+&%+#n%' "# #$%7 "* 5-n)"1+(' )'n 1+ (-&#))-=n (# 1+ #&#$+. En 1+$

*#$ #(-+n+$ + #n"(' #$ #1 &'-' &'-#%+&-' #1 "# $# 8+)# )+&g' (# 1+$%+&#+$ (# #$%# (#+&%+#n%' #n )"+n%' + )'n%&+%+)-=n, $#g"--#n%' (# 1'$

%&+/+6+('&#$, #%). #&' )"+n(' 1+ #&#$+ )&#)# (#+$-+(' #n%'n)#$ n' 8+* 7$

&##(-' "# %#n#& "n (#+&%+#n%' #@)1"$-5' +&+ #$%+$ %+&#+$.

H'* (:+ 1+ )+1-9-)+)-=n 1+/'&+1 #$ +1g' "* /"$)+(' '&"# 8+)# "# 1'$

%&+/+6+('&#$ n' $#+n %+n $#1#))-'n+('$ '& $" #@#&-#n)-+ * 9'&+)-=n $-n' '& 

+"#11' "# '(&:+n +'&%+& + 1+ #&#$+, "n ++(-(' 7$ +&+ $#& (-9#&#n%#$, *

+&+ #$' ")8+$ #&#$+$ /"$)+$ &'(#+&$# (# #&$'n+$ "# $#+n )++)#$ (#

(+& n"#5+$ -(#+$, '&-g-n+1#$ * 11++%-5+$, "# "#(+n 8+)#& (# 1+ #&#$+ "n

)+/-' #n #1 #&)+(' /#n#9-)-7n('$# #11'$ -$'$.

P'& 1+ )1+$# (# %&+/+6' (#$##+('

En #1 7/-%' +ng1'$+6=n #$ )'$%"/&# +g&"+& /+6' #1 )'1'& %#=&-)' (#1 )"#11' (#

$" )+-$+ + 1'$ %&+/+6+('&#$ $#gn #1 %-' (# '9-)-' "# (#$###n. A$: "#(#n)1+$-9-)+&$# 1'$ %&+/+6+('&#$>

• C"#11' /1+n)' ;8-%# )'11+& '&F#&$< $#&:+n +"#11'$ "# $# #n)+&g+n (#

%+&#+$ (# '9-)-n+, +(-n-$%&+%-5'$, #6#)"%-5'$, '9-)-n-$%+$, #%).

• C"#11' +3"1 ;/1"# )'11+& '&F#&$<, 8+/-%"+1#n%# %&+/+6+('&#$ (#

-n("$%&-+, 97/&-)+$ * %+11#&#$. S#&:+n '/&#&'$, '#&+&-'$, '9-)-+1#$, #)7n-)'$,

#%).

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