1 introduccion farmacologia

INTRODUCCION A LA INTRODUCCION A LA FARMACOLOGIAFARMACOLOGIA

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• FARMACOLOGIA = ES EL ESTUDIO DE LAS DROGAS Y SU EFECTO EN LOS ORGANISMOS VIVOS.– Es una de las disciplinas más

importantes en el área de medicina.

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FARMACOTERAPIA – Es el uso de los medicamentos para tratar diferentes estados de enfermedad.

FARMACODINAMICA – Es el estudio de la accion de las drogas.

FARMACOCINETICA – Es el estudio de como el cuerpo reacciona a una droga.ADME (ABSORCION, DISTRIBUCION,

METABOLISMO Y EXCRECION)

DISCIPLINAS RELATIVAS A LA DISCIPLINAS RELATIVAS A LA FARMACOLOGIA…FARMACOLOGIA…


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Farmacia – es la practica de componer, preparar y despachar medicamentos y aconsejar a los pacientes en su medicacion.

Toxicologia- es el estudio de los efectos adversos que pueden causar las drogas.

DISCIPLINAS RELATIVAS A DISCIPLINAS RELATIVAS A LA FARMACOLOGIA…LA FARMACOLOGIA…



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DEFINICIONES• EFECTOS SECUNDARIOSEFECTOS SECUNDARIOS

– SON EFECTOS QUE SE PRODUCEN AL TOMAR ALGUN MEDICAMENTO.– ESTOS NO CAUSAN DAÑO.– DEBEN APARECER EN EL INSERTINSERT– EJ: BOCA SECA, SUEÑO ETC.

• EFECTOS ADVERSOSEFECTOS ADVERSOS– SON EFECTOS NO ESPERADOS– PUEDE DEBERSE A TRATAMIENTOS LARGOS– EJ: DIARREAS, VOMITOS, DAÑOS AL HIGADO O A LOS RIÑONES.

DEFINICIONES

• EFECTOS TOXICOS– CAUSAN ENVENENAMIENTO– PUEDEN A TENTAR CONTRA LA VIDA.– EN ALGUNOS CASOS SE REQUIERE ADMINISTRAR UN ANTIDOTO.

CONCEPTOS BASICOSCONCEPTOS BASICOSDE FARMACOLOGIADE FARMACOLOGIA

• LUGAR DE ACCION DE LA DROGA– ES LA LOCALIZACION DENTRO DEL CUERPO DONDE LA DROGA HACE SU

EFECTO TERAPEUTICO.EJ: EL LUGAR DE ACCION DE LA ASPIRINA ES EN EL CEREBRO EN EL AREA DEL HIPOTALAMO. LA ASPIRINA ALTERA LA ACTIVIDAD DELHIPOTALAMO Y HACE QUE LA TEMPERATURA DEL CUERPO DISMINUYA.


• MECANISMO DE ACCION– SE EXPLICA COMO UNA DROGA

PRODUCE SUS EFECTOS.– EJ: ANESTESICOS LOCALESANESTESICOS LOCALES PRODUCEN UNA PERDIDA DE LA SENSACION DEL DOLOR POR LA INTERUPCION DE LA CONDUCTIVIDAD NERVIOSA EN LOS NERVIOS SENSORIALES.


• LUGAR DEL RECEPTORLUGAR DEL RECEPTOR

LA ACCION DE LA DROGA USUALMENTE COMIENZA DESPUES DE QUE LA DROGA SE PEGA A LA MEMBRANA DE LA CELULA.


• AGONISTAAGONISTASON DROGAS QUE SE ENLAZAN A RECEPTORESSON DROGAS QUE SE ENLAZAN A RECEPTORES ESPECIFICOS Y PRODUCEN UNA ACCION.ESPECIFICOS Y PRODUCEN UNA ACCION.

• ANTAGONISTAANTAGONISTASON DROGAS QUE SE ENALAZAN A RECEPTORESSON DROGAS QUE SE ENALAZAN A RECEPTORESESPECIFICOS PERO NO PRODUCEN UNA ACCION.ESPECIFICOS PERO NO PRODUCEN UNA ACCION.SE CONOCEN COMO BLOQUEADORES, ESTOS SE SE CONOCEN COMO BLOQUEADORES, ESTOS SE ENLAZAN A RECEPTORES Y PREVIENEN QUE OTRAS ENLAZAN A RECEPTORES Y PREVIENEN QUE OTRAS DROGAS O SUSTANCIAS DEL CUERPO PRODUZCANDROGAS O SUSTANCIAS DEL CUERPO PRODUZCANSU EFECTO.SU EFECTO.

• 1. Usted esta tomando algún medicamento para ___?__– Corazón– Pulmones– Azucar– Ulceras– Para dormir– Artritis– mareos

• 2. Cuales son los nombres de los medicamentos y cada cuanto tiempo usted los toma….

• 3. Toma algun medicamento regularmente sin receta medica…

– Aspirina, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, Naproxen

– Antihistaminicos– Descongestionantes– Anticoceptivos– laxantes

HISTORIAL DE SALUD Y MEDICACION DEL HISTORIAL DE SALUD Y MEDICACION DEL PACIENTEPACIENTE

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FUENTES DE INFORMACION

• Drug Facts and Comparison• Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs• Merck Manual• Physicians Desk Reference (PDR)• Monkey• Sitios en la WEB

– www.rxlist.com– www.drugs.com– www.medlineplus.com– www.webMD.com

http://www.rxlist.com/

http://www.drugs.com/

http://www.medlineplus.com/

http://www.webmd.com/

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Torbellino de Ideas…

• ¿Qué es lo más que recuerdas de lo discutido?

• ¿ Qué es lo más fácil que se discutió ?

• ¿ Qué fue lo más difícil que se discutió ?• ¿ Donde te perdiste ?

NOMENCLATURA DE LOS MEDICAMENTOS

• NOMBRE QUIMICONOMBRE QUIMICO– Es el primer nombre que una droga recibe– Es la estructura quimica

• Ej: acido acetil salicilico

• NOMBRE DE MARCA– Es registrado por una compañia

• Se conoce como TRADE NAME O BRAND NAME• Su patente dura 17 años• Ej: Panadol®, Tylenol®

• NOMBRE GENERICO y/o BIOEQUIVALENTENOMBRE GENERICO y/o BIOEQUIVALENTE– Es el nombre oficial de la droga – Aparece en todos los labels

• Ej; Acetaminophen

Trabajo en Equipo…• Se les entregará a

cada grupo de por lo menos 4 estudiantes varios INSERTs de medicamentos.

• Deberá aplicar lo aprendido en la clase y buscar los siguientes:

• Nombre original • Nombre genérico• Potencia

– Dosis Mínima– Dosis máxima

• Efectos Secundarios• Efectos Adversos• Efectos Tóxicos

1 introduccion farmacologia

Science