trabajo_en_red_y_productividad_tecnológica_creciente-cap2

7/29/2019 Trabajo_en_Red_y_Productividad_Tecnolgica_Creciente-CAP2

1/6

-65n-=$;)>$;&+2(;n=

;=

/VUD[U\^]RM[\VULMEHWD\HAX]MWV\M[EDH[AHEHWHEDLHL\^H[U

JV^RHLV^HLMA\^HNHOVC]RH[V

/VUNDM[MULMEHWD\HAUMEV[U\D\]TM[M[][HJ]M^_HD[U\^]RM[\HAM[AHE^MHEDy[MD[E^MRM[\VLMAZHAV^MEV[yRDEVTHX]MUV[D[U\^]RM[\VUX]M]\DAD_HMA\^HNHOVC]RH[VWH^H][HRMOV^W^VL]EEDy[5DNDM[M[MAjRND\VMEV[yRDEV\VLVUAVUNDM[MUUV[J^]\VTEV[UME]M[EDHLMAH

HEEDy[EVV^LD[HLHLMA\^HNHOVEV[AH[H\]^HAM_HCHT][LM\M^RD[HLV\DWVLMNDM[MUW^VL]EDLVUWV^MACVRN^ME]THJ][EDy[[HA[VMUMAEV[U]RVUD[VAHLMEVHLT]ZH^WV\M[EDH[LVMA\^HNHOVC]RH[VHAHW^VL]EEDy[LMV\^VUNDM[MU(U\VUNDM[MUW^VL]EDLVUEV[MAEV[E]ÛVLMA\^HNHOVTX]MHT]LH[HW^VL]ED^R]A\DWADEHLHRM[\MRjUNDM[MU[HAMUM[MAJ]\]^VUV[AVUNDM[MUVD[U\^]RM[\VULMEHWD\HA

7VLMRVUHLZM^\D^MU\HEV[UDLM^HEDy[M[AH^MD\M^HLHED\HLM'MJVM)HA\jNH[RMH~[R]ECHUEVUHUM[\^MMAAHUH@]OHUHAAM^MUMCDAVHUtEVRV][HH_HLH][WDEVT][HWHAHWH^HEHZH^T\^H[UWV^\H^\DM^^H

/HJHA\HLM\HAMUCM^^HRDM[\HURMVNAD@HNHH\^HNHOHÊV[@^H[AM[\D\]LTHUt\H^LpEMÊHLM][HxVM[

\M^RD[H^\V\HARM[\MAHMRWHAD_HLH/HUMU\HEHULMX]MUMEVRWV[tHWMUHNH[R]ECVTCH^\V\^HNHOVRMEVU\HNH

RVZMÂHU[MEMUD\p\H[\V\DMRWVWH^HEV^\HÂHUM[MANVUX]MLHÂMUJV^RHTUVN^M\VLVWH^HEV[L]EDÂHUCHU\H

RDRV^HLHX]M][HUVAHRMEVU\HNHHZMEMULVULtHU\H[\VMAEV^\HÂHEVRVMA\^H[UWV^\HÂHT][\MÊM^LtHMACD[EHÂHM[MAU]MAV'MJVM>VND[UV[&^]UVM%HÊMAV[H6^NDUW

/H^MZVA]EDy[D[L]U\^DHAJ]M\^H[UJV^RH[LVAHNHUMW^VL]E\DZHLMAHUVEDMLHLLMULM][UDU\MRHM[MAX]MW^MLVRD[HNHAH\DM^^HHV\^VM[MAX]MW^MZHAMEtH[AVUD[U\^]RM[\VULMAHD[L]U\^DH/HDRWV^\H[EDHLMAVUNDM[MU[H\]^HAMUM[AHEH]UHEDy[LMAZHAV^X]MLyLMRH[DMU\VH

WH^\D^LMAHMUE]MAH)DUDVE^j\DEHTUD[WH\M[\MULMMSEA]UDZDLHLU]D[]M[EDHUMCD_V[V\H^M[LM\M^RD[HLVUMU\]LDVUE^t\DEVUEVRVAHU\MV^tHULMAHJ^]E\DEHEDy[LM


2/6

$%$-6(;>('47>6'=&


3/6

-65n-=$;)>$;&+2(;n=

62

[MEMUH^DVUWH^HEV[UM@]D AH\^H[UJV^RHEDy[LM][NDM[LM][V^LM[U]WM^DV^M[V\^VLMAW^DRM^V^LM[7VÂHRMLDHEDy[LMAVUD[U\^]RM[\VULD^D@DLVUWV^MA\^HNHOVC]RH[VX]M[VMUV\^HEVUHX]MHEEDy[C]RH[HAVUNDM[MULMV^LM[U]WM^DVÛD@]DM[LVAHUAMTMULMAHEH]UHADLHLUM\^H[UJV^RH[M[NDM[MULMAV^LM[D[RMLDH\HRM[\MD[JM^DV^TpU\VUM[MAUD@]DM[\MCHU\HAAM@H^HEV[ZM^\DÛMM[NDM[MULMAW^DRM^V^LM[WH^H[HARM[\MHAEH[_H^MAE]RWADRDM[\VLMAVUVNOM\DZVU

C]RH[VU5D[\M[MÂHEHWHEDLHLLMUH\DUJHEM^LMJV^RHD[RMLDH\HWV UtRDURVUAHU[MEMUDLHLMUC]RH[HUUD^ZM[WH^HAHW^VL]EEDy[LMNDM[MULMW^DRM^V^LM[TWH^HD[UM^\HÛMM[][H^MAHEDy[EH]UHARMLDH\H^MUWME\VLMAHUH\DUJHEEDy[LM\HAMU[MEMUDLHLMU

5DMAEHWD\HAWDM^LMAHJ][EDy[LMRMLDVWH^HEV[ZM^\DÛMM[[UMLMUZD^\~H(A[MUMAE^MEDRDM[\VLMAZHAV^WH^HMACVRN^MLMAHU^MHADLHLMURH\M^DHAMU/VUNDM[MULMEHWD\HAD[EA]UVMAEHWD\HA@M[p^DEHRM[\MEV[UDLM^HLVUV[EH]UHUD[U\^]RM[\HAMUM[AHEV[UME]EDy[LMHX]MAMJME\V(AW^MLVRD[DVLMAHEH]UHMEDM[\MUVN^MAHRH\M^DHATAHD[U\^]RM[\HAMU][HEV[U\H[\MM[EHLH^MMSDy[UVN^MAHUEH]UHULMAE^MEDRDM[\VMEV[yRDEVLMAZHAV

7H^HAVU\My^DEVUH]U\^DHEVUAH&DM[EDH(EV[yRDEHUMEV[EDNMEVRV][H\MV^tHLMAHHEEDy[RjUX]MLMAHLMEDUDy[TpU\HMU][HLMAHUEH^HE\M^tU\DEHUX]MRjUAMULDJM^M[EDH[LMU]UEVAM@HU[MVEAjUDEVU([MJME\VMA

EV[EMW\VLMHEEDy[C]RH[HM[@AVNHTU]WM^HEV[R]ECVHAEV[EMW\VLMLMEDUDy[D[LDZDL]HA([W^DRMÂ]@H^WH^HAVUH]U\^DHEVUMAEV[EMW\V^MAMZH[\MLMHEEDy[D[EA]TM[VUyAVMACDWV\p\DEVW^VEMUVLMLMEDUDy[M[][M[\V^[V

LMEV[VEDRDM[\V LHLVUVN^MAVU[MUTAVURMLDVUUD[VUVN^M\VLVTMU\VMUAVRjUDRWV^\H[\M AHWMÊMWEDy[

RDURHLMAUDU\MRHLM[MUTRMLDVUM[MAUM[VLMAE]HA\DM[MA]@HÂHHUD@[HEDy[MEV[yRDEHX]MEV[EH^jE\M^

MSEA]TM[\MMU\]LDH[AVU[MVEAjUDEVU-MU~U+]M^\HLM5V\V;]MZVU(U\]LDVULM(EV[VRtH7VAt\DEH;]MZH%DNADV\MEHLMAH/DNM^\HL2HL^DL=[Dy[(LD\V^DHAWW

6\^VW][\VLM@^H[DRWV^\H[EDHWH HAVX]MUD@]MTX]MMUNHU\H[\MVNZDVUDRD^HRVU[]MU\^VLDH@^HRHH][X]MEV[J^ME]M[EDHCHUDLVD@[V^HLVM[AHULDUE]UDV[MUHE\]HAMUMUMACMECVLMX]MAVX]M@M[M^HARM[\MUMLM

[VRD[HMAMX]DWVEHWD\HALMAHUVEDMLHLMA\V\HALMW^VL]E\VUD[\M^RMLDVUM[[]MU\^V@^jEV[VMU][HRH@[D

\]LX]M][HZM_X]MU]^@M[MEMUH^DHRM[\MWM^L]^HWH^HUDMRW^MD[LMWM[LDM[\MRM[\MLMAHULMEDUDV[MUC]RH[HU

2jUNDM[HA EV[\^H^DVMAX]M AHMU\^]E\]^HLM AHW^VL]EEDy[WM^RH[M_EHUD[EHRNDVULMWM[LMEVRWAM\HRM[\M

LMUDAVUMRW^MUH^DVUEVRW^]MNH[X]MMU^M[\HNAM^MD[ZM^\DÂHW^VWVÊDy[CHND\]HALMA^M[LDRDM[\VLMAHZM[\H

LMAW^VL]E\VLMU]UM\HWHUW^VL]E\DZHU^MUWME\DZHUM[AHW^VL]EEDy[LMAVURDURVUNDM[MUD[\M^RMLDVU4MAX]M

MU\VUMHV[V^M[\HNAMLMWM[LMLMAVUW^MEDVUVN\M[DLVUWV^MAW^VL]E\VLMMUHM\HWHW^VL]E\DZHM[WH^\DE]AH^WV^

][AHLVTAVUW^MEDVUWH@HLVUWVÂVURMLDVUV^D@D[HAMULMW^VL]EEDy[TWVÂVUW^VL]E\VUD[\M^RMLDVU\VRHLVU

LMM\HWHUW^VL]E\DZHUH[\M^DV^MUWV^MUV\^V/HEV[\D[]HEDy[LMA[DZMALM V^@H[D_HEDy[EHWD\HADU\HMSDU\M[\M

LMWM[LMM[EV[UME]M[EDHLMAVUW^MEDVUWH@HLVUTVN\M[DLVUWV^MAW^VL]E\VLMEHLHM\HWHLMAHW^VL]EEDy[EV[

AVX]MMU\VUW^MEDVUUV[][JHE\V^R]TDRWV^\H[\MM[AHLM\M^RD[HEDy[LMAHLD^MEEDy[LMAHW^VL]EEDy[+HTMI)$W^MEDVUTW^VL]EEDy[=[HMSWADEHEDy[LMAHUE^DUDULMAHUMEV[VRtHUEHWD\HADU\HU2HL^DL=[Dy[(LD\V^DHAW


4/6

$%$-6(;>('47>6'=&VWED\W/HUZM^LHLMUWHÊDHAMULMAVUUDyE^H\HUTLMAHU\MV^tHULMAZHAV \^HNHOVZH[EV[@]^H[

LVAHZMÛDy[EVVWM^H\DZHLMAVU\^MUJHE\V^MULMW^VL]EEDy[LM5HTAH[H\]^HAM_HMAEHWD\HATMA\^HNHOVVAHZMÛDy[RjUUD[\p\DEHLM\^HNHOVTEHWD\HA(A\^HNHOVLMACVRN^MW^VL]E\DZVTAHHEEDy[LMAHUJ]M^_HU[H\]HAMU\DM^^HHD^MUVAM\E

UV[AHUJ]M^_HUV^D@D[H^DHULMAZHAV^LMAVUNDM[MU&J^)^H[EC-VUp-]H[)][LHRM[\VULMAZHAV^MEV[yRDEVVWED\/HUMWH^HEDy[LMAEHWD\HATLMAVUNDM[MU[H\]^HAMU[][EHCHX]MLHLVEAH^HM[AHAD\M^H\]^H

MEV[yRDEHTHX]MAVU^ME]ÛVU[H\]^HAMUUMW]MLM[EV[UDLM^HÊVRVD[U\^]RM[\VUM[E]TVEHUVUMD[EA]D^tH[EVRVEHWD\HAVM[V\^HWMÛWME\DZHAVUNDM[MULMEHWD\HAJtUDEVWV^W^VEMLM^LMAVU^ME]ÛVU[H\]^HAMUUMEV[UDLM^H[HU]ZM_EV[UME]M[EDHLMMAAVU([HRNVUEHUVUUM\DM[LMHUDRWADEH^LDU\D[@]DM[LVM[\^MEHWD\HAJtUDEV\DM^^HTNDM[MULMEHWD\HATEHWD\HAC]RH[V\^HNHOV


5/6

-65n-=$;)>$;&+2(;n=

66

/VUNDM[MULMEHWD\HAWM^RD\M[WV\M[EDH^MARVLVLMUMÂHt[LVAMEH[\DLHLTE]HADLHLLMAVUW^VL]E\VULMA\^HNHOVC]RH[V2MLDH[\MMAW^V@^MUV\ME[VAy@DEV\^H\HRVULMUDRWADEH^TCHEM^RjUEyRVLHU[]MU\^HUHE\DZDLHLMUTHU]ZM_\^H\H^LMVN\M[M^][RHTV^LVRD[DVLMAH[H\]^HAM_HCHEDM[LV^MHADLHLWVUDNDADLHLMUMJME\DZHUCHU\HM[\V[EMUD[pLD\HU([MALMUH^^VAAVMJME\DZVLMMUH\M[LM[EDH^HLDEHAD[\M^DV^X]MAAMZHHACVRN^MLM][HJV^RHADN^MTWV^\H[\VD[LM[DLHHC]RH[D_H^

U]R][LVAVUD[U\^]RM[\VULMEHWD\HA

AMHEVRWHxH[UDMRW^M5V[AVU

$LHR5RD\CMSWADEHNHTHEyRVAHW^VL]E\DZDLHLLMA\^HNHOVRV\V^LMLMUH^^VAAVJ][LHRM[\HAUMH]RM[\HHEV[UME]M[EDHLM][D[E^MRM[\VVRMOV^HLMAHURjX]D[HUVCM^^HRDM[\HUX]MAMUJHEDAD\H[THN^MZDH[MA\^HNHOVVUECM^T.AMD[RdEC\M^HAVUJ^H[EMUMU>VUUD2VAD[H^D*H^[DM^T/M^VT%MH]ADM]THAD\HADH[V5EDHAVOH7H^HRHTV^MUW^MEDUDV[MUUVN^MAHU\MV^tHULMAHW^VL]E\DZDLHLLMAEHWD\HA^MEVRM[LHRVUAHUVN^HULM5EC|[>DMLMA>VUECM^.AMD[RdEC\M^>VUUD2VAD[H^DM\E\^H\HLVUHRWADHRM[\MWV^%|CR%HPMÎ$MU\HU\MV^tHURjUUDRWAMUUMAMUW]MLMHWADEHÂHE^t\DEHLM%|CR%HPMÎLMX]M[VW]MLM

CHNAHÛM^H_V[H[LVMU\^DE\HRM[\MLMW^VL]EEDy[LMZHAV^(AZHAV^[DUMW^VL]EM[DW]MLMW^VL]EDÛMUM@~[MU\HUHW^MEDHEDV[MUWV^X]MAVX]MUMW^VL]EM[VUV[RjUX]MJV^RHUMU\^]E\]^HULMRH\M^DHEVUHUEV[E^M\HUTLM\M^RD[HLHURMÊH[EtHU(U\HURMÊH[EtHU\DM[M[ZHAV^WM^VMAEHWD\HAUyAVW^VL]EMAHUEVUHU[VAVUZHAV^MU/HU\MV^tHULMAHW^VL]E\DZDLHLLMAEHWD\HAH^RH[EV[[H\]^HADLHLM[VEHUDV[MUX]MpU\M

@^HEDHUHU]EHWHEDLHLD[[H\HE MHMAZHAV EV[AVX]MZ]MAZM[H\VRH^MA\VLVWVÂHWH^\M(AEHWD\HAUMW]MLMEV[UDLM^HÊVRV][HEH]UHLMAZHAV WM^V[VAHEH]UH$AEHWD\HAUMAMHUD@[HAHZD^\]LLMUM^J]M^_HU]U\D\]\DZHLMA\^HNHOVTO]U\DEHÊV[MAAVAHEH

WHEDLHLD[[H\HTRH^HZDAAVUHLME^MH^ZHAV^LME^MH WA]UZHAtHWM VWV^R]ECVUEDÊ][AVX]DVUX]MUMW^M\M[LH[UMZ]MAZMHEHM^M[MA^ML]EEDV[DURVLMX]M^M^M[EV[\^H^][H~[DEHEH]UHLMAHE^MHEDy[LMZHAV^&J^)^H[EC-VUp-]H[ )][LHRM[\VULMAZHAV^MEV[yRDEVVWED\


6/6

$%$-6(;>('47>6'=&

trabajo_en_red_y_productividad_tecnológica_creciente-cap2

Documents