quimica y farmacia-unimet-esteli siglim

5/11/2018 QUIMICA Y FARMACIA-UNIMET-ESTELI SIGLIM - slidepdf.com

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\d|}nof mn Dcjkqofldüc

rfqf ef Gn|}düc Ekgï|}dlfmn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk|

(\DGEDO$

Ofc~fe mn Rqklnmdodnc}k|

Qnrðaedlf mn Cdlfqfg~f

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\DGEDO

\DGEDO ODCD\]NQDK MN \FE^M

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\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc

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mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|% \DGEDO Ofc~fe mn

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\DGEDO

\DGEDO\DGEDO

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\DGEDO Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m

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Mqf# N}hne Rfefldk| Mdqnlldüc mn Ckqofldüc mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk|% ODC\F#

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e Odcd|}nqdk mn \fe~m (ODC\F$ ~}dedpf mdjnqnc}n| dc|}q~onc}k| mn

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ODC\F lkc}faf lkc : |d|}nof| ekgï|}dlk| ek| v~n hfc j~cldkcfmkmn ofcnqf rfqfenef fe |d|}nof }qfmdldkcfe mn |kedld}~m mn dc|~ok|#

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|n norenfc nc ek| cdznen| mn \DEFD\% O~cdldrdk|% Lnc}qk| t R~n|}k|# Ek|

rqkln|k| mn |kedld}~m mn dc|~ok|% qnlnrldüc% md|}qda~ldüc t qngd|}qk mn ef

dcjkqofldüc |kc mdjnqnc}n| t l~nc}fc lkc qn|rkc|faen| mdjnqnc}n|#

N|}f |d}~fldüc hf klf|dkcfmk f cdzne eklfe t lnc}qfe ef lkc|nl~nc}n

m~redldmfm mn dcjkqofldüc% mdjdl~e}fmn| mn lkkqmdcfldüc t lko~cdlfldüc%

f}qf|k| nc ne rqkgqfof% a~qklqfldf nc ef| gn|}dkcn| fmodcd|}qf}dzf| rfqf

f~}kqdpfldüc t qn}dqk mn rnmdmk|# \~ofcmk f n|}k% ne lkc|nl~nc}n rqkaenof

nc ne lkc}qke mn dcznc}fqdk|% mfmk v~n ne ofcn`k mn feg~ck| rqkm~l}k| ck

rf|f rkq ef Mdqnlldüc mn Ckqofldüc mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk|#

Mn lfqf f n|}f |d}~fldüc% ne Rqktnl}k @\D/MNEDZNQ hf frktfmk nc

rqdonqf dc|}fcldf ne rqkln|k mn hkokgncndpfldüc mn ef md|}qda~ldüc mn

ek| fc}dlkclnr}dzk| lkc dc|~ok| oämdlk|9 |dc noafqgk n| cnln|fqdk

hkokgncdpfq fmnoæ| ek| dc|}q~onc}k| mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf }kmk| ek|

dc|~ok| oämdlk|% qn}kofcmk ef| jkq}fenpf| mn lfmf ~ck mn ek| |d|}nof|

nxd|}nc}n|# N| f|ï v~n f dcdldk| mne 122> |n zfedmfqkc t fredlfqkc n|}k|

c~nzk| dc|}q~onc}k| nc 1 \DEFD\ mn rfï|#

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Rqn|nc}fldüc



\DGEDO

\DGEDO\DGEDO

Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m




Dc}qkm~lldüc

Ne j~cldkcfodnc}k fmnl~fmk mn ~c |d|}nof ekgï|}dlk% rnqod}n

kr}dodpfq ef gn|}düc fmodcd|}qf}dzf% }kofq mnld|dkcn| rfqf neofcn`k rqn|~r~n|}fqdk% on`kqfq ne lkc}qke mn ek| dc|~ok| t

lkc}fq lkc ~c |d|}nof mn md|}qda~ldüc njdldnc}n% v~n rnqod}f v~n

ek| dc|~ok| |n ncl~nc}qnc nc ek| n|}faenldodnc}k| mn |fe~m rfqf rkmnq

|f}d|jflnq ef mnofcmf mn ek| ~|~fqdk| (f|$#

Ne rqn|nc}n ―Ofc~fe mn Rqklnmdodnc}k| rfqf ne Ofcn`k mne \d|}nof mn

Dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef Gn|}düc Ekgï|}dlf mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk|‟% lkc|}d}~tn ef

hnqqfodnc}f v~n lkc}qda~dqæ f jflded}fq ne }qfaf`k mn ek| qn|rkc|faen| mne

|d|}nof ekgï|}dlk nc ek| mdjnqnc}n| cdznen| mn f}ncldüc# Aqdcmf dcjkqofldüc

flnqlf mn ef ekgï|}dlf t ek| rqkln|k| v~n |n mnanc |ng~dq rfqf qngd|}qfq%

fcfedpfq t nczdfq ef dcjkqofldüc ekgï|}dlf v~n rnqod}f }kofq mnld|dkcn| nc

lfmf ~ck mn ek| mdjnqnc}n| cdznen| mne ODC\F#

Ne ~|k mn jkqof}k| ðcdlk| rfqf okzdodnc}k t |kedld}~m mn dc|~ok|

oämdlk| rnqod}n fe rnq|kcfe mn ef Mdqnlldüc mn Dc|~ok| rkmnq kr}dodpfq

}dnork% nzd}fq m~redldmfm mn mf}k| t md|odc~dq gf|}k| mn rfrnenqïf9 fe

od|ok ck| rnqod}dqæ lkc}fq lkc dcjkqofldüc aæ|dlf rfqf ef| n|}dofldkcn|

mn cnln|dmfmn| mn lfqf f on`kqfq ne rqkln|k mn fmv~d|dldüc mn dc|~ok|

rkq rfq}n mne Cdzne Lnc}qfe#

Dcmdln

Dc }qkm~lldüc >

Ka `n }d zk Gncnqfe t Ka `n }d zk| N|rnlï jdlk| :

\d| }nof Ekgï| }dlk mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| 7

\d| }nof mn Dc jkqofldüc rfqf ef

Gn| }düc Ekgï| }dlf mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| 6<

\d| }nof mn Faf| }nldodnc }k >6

Fegkqd}ok| rfqf ne j e~ `k mn ef Dc j kqofldüc >=

Okcd }kqnk t \~rnq zd|düc >4

Qn|rkc|fadedmfmn| rfqf ne \DGEDO

|ngðc cdznen| mn qn|ke~ldüc :<

Adaedkgqf jïf :4



\DGEDO

\DGEDO\DGEDO

Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m

\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|

6Lkc}qda~dq f ef kr}dodpfldüc mn ef

gn|}düc fmodcd|}qf}dzf mn ef Mdqnlldüc

mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| f }qfzä| mne

kq}fenldodnc}k mn ef| lfrfldmfmn| mne

rnq|kcfe qn|rkc|faen mne ofcn`k mne

|d|}nof ekgï|}dlk mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|#

6# Aqdcmfq lkckldodnc}k| }nüqdlk|

aæ|dlk| flnqlf mn ef Ekgï|}dlf

1# Rqn|nc}fq ek| dc|}q~onc}k| mn

dckqofldüc v~n norenf ne |d|}nof

mn dckqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc

ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|

(\DGEDO$#

<# Ok|}qfq ne j~`k lkqqnl}k mn ef

nc}qngf mn |kedld}~m t ef rk|}nqdkq

md|}qda~ldüc mn ek| rnmdmk| f ef|

~cdmfmn| rqn|}fmkqf| mn |nqzdldk|#

=# N|}faenlnq ef| qn|rkc|fadedmfmn|

nc lfmf ~ck mn ek| cdznen| mn

qn|ke~ldüc#

Ka`n}dzk Gncnqfe Ka`n}dzk|

N|rnlïjlk|0

\DGEDO



\DGEDO\DGEDO



6# \d|}nof ekgï|}dlk

Ne \d|}nof Ekgï|}dlk lkc|}d}~tn ~cf hnqqfodnc}f aæ|dlf nc ef gnqncldf mn ek||nqzdldk| mn |fe~m% tf v~n rnqod}n nzfe~fq t okcd}kqnfq ek| cdznen| fmnl~fmk|mn nxd|}ncldf| mn rqkm~l}k| t ne lkc|~ok mn ek| mdjnqnc}n| dc|~ok| oämdlk|9 f}qfzä| mn ~cf dcjkqofldüc znqfp% krkq}~cf t lkcjdfaen% cnln|fqdf rfqf ne fcæed|d|t ef }kof mn mnld|dkcn|9 rkq lkc|dg~dnc}n ~cf hnqqfodnc}f j~cmfonc}fe rfqfaqdcmfq ~cf f}ncldüc lkc lfedmfm#

Ne j~cldkcfodnc}k mne \d|}nof Ekgï|}dlk qnv~dnqn mne }qfaf`k lkkqmdcfmk nc}qn ne

cdzne lnc}qfe% \DEFD\ t cdznen| eklfen|#

6#6 Ekgï|}dlf

‡ Mncdldüc mn Ekgï|}dlf0

N| ne lkc`~c}k mn fl}dzdmfmn| v~n lkc}qda~tnc f gfqfc}dpfq ef md|rkcdadedmfm

krkq}~cf mn dc|~ok| rfqf ef rqn|}fldüc mn |nqzdldk| f ek(f$|# ~|~fqdk(f$|#

‡ Rqkrü|d}k mne \d|}nof Ekgï|}dlk;

Ne rqkrü|d}k mn ~c |d|}nof ekgï|}dlk n| f|ng~qfq ne |~odcd|}qk mn dc|~ok|%qn|~odäcmk|n nc ne l~oredodnc}k mn ek| \nd| Rqdcldrdk| k ek| \nd| ―Lkqqnl}k|‟#

Ne rqkrü|d}k mne \d|}nof Ekgï|}dlk n| F\NG^QFQ NE \^ODCD\]QK mn0

Ek| DC\^OK\ LKQQNL]K\

Nc ef| LFC]DMFMN\ LKQQNL]F\

Nc ef LKCMDLDKC LKQQNL]F

Nc ne E^GFQ LKQQNL]K

Nc ne ]DNORK LKQQNL]K

Fe LK\]K LKQQNL]K

\DGEDO \DGEDO



\DGEDO

\DGEDO\DGEDO62

Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m


\DGEDO 66Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m


Rkeï}dlf F}ncldücfe ^|~fqdk(f$

\DGEDOOkcd}kqnk mne \d|}nof

Feoflncfodnc}k Qnl~q|k| H~ofck| \nenlldüc mnt Md|}qda~ldüc Rqn|~r~n|}k Rqkm~l}k|

\~rnqzd|düc

N|}dofldüc tFmv~d|dldüc Fmfr}fadedmfm

N| dorkq}fc}n |nöfefq v~n0

‡ ]kmf| ef| fl}dzdmfmn| ekgï|}dlf|% |n ncl~nc}qfc nc feg~cf n}frf mne ldlek% rkq ek}fc}k ek| qn|rkc|faen| mn ef| od|of| mnanc }qfaf`fq lkkqmdcfmfonc}n rfqf v~n―ek| n|efakcn| mn n|}f lfmncf‟ j~cldkcnc fmnl~fmfonc}n#

‡ Ef| fl}dzdmfmn| v~n |n ncl~nc}qfc nc ne lnc}qk mne ldlek ekgï|}dlk% |kcfl}dzdmfmn| mn frktk fmodcd|}qf}dzk% v~n }foadäc |kc n|ncldfen| rfqf nej~cldkcfodnc}k mne |d|}nof#

Lkorkcnc}n| mne Ldlek Ekgï|}dlk0

f# F}ncldüc fe ^|~fqdk(f$0

Lkc|}d}~tn ne n|efaüc rqdokqmdfe mne Ldlek Ekgï|}dlk% l~tf jdcfedmfm n| v~n ek|~|~fqdk| (f|$ mn ek| |nqzdldk| mn |fe~m }ncgfc flln|k krkq}~ck f ek| dc|~ok| v~ncnln|d}fc#

a# \nenlldüc mn Rqkm~l}k|0

N| ef n}frf nc v~n ef dc|}d}~ldüc k rqkgqfof% |nenlldkcf ek| dc|~ok| v~n zf fkjqnlnq f |~| ~|~fqdk|% }kofcmk nc l~nc}f ek| |dg~dnc}n| f|rnl}k|0

‡ Rqkgqfof| t |nqzdldk|#

‡ Lfqfl}nqï|}dlf| l~e}~qfen|% |kldfen| n dcmdzdm~fen| mn ef| rnq|kcf|

‡ ]ncmncldf| mn lkc|~ok mn ek| mdjnqnc}n| dc|~ok|

l# N|}dofldüc mn Cnln|dmfmn| t Fmv~d|dldüc0

Ef n|}dofldüc n| ef n}frf nc ef l~fe ek| rfï|n|% n|}faenlnc ef| cnln|dmfmn| mn ek|dc|~ok| f fmv~dqdq }kofcmk nc l~nc}f0

‡ Qnv~nqdodnc}k| mn ek| md|}dc}k| rqkgqfof| t+k |nqzdldk|

‡ ]drk mn Dc|~ok

‡ lkc|~ok

‡ Jqnl~ncldf mn rnmdmk|

‡ Lfc}dmfmn| nc \}kli

‡ Lfc}dmfmn| cnln|d}fmf|#

Nc k}qf| rfefaqf|% ne rnq|kcfe qn|rkc|faen v~nofcn`f ek| dc|~ok| cnln|d}f mn}nqodcfq

L~æc}k (lfc}dmfm t lk|}k$

Mn l~æen| (dc|~ok|$ mnanc dq f

Mücmn (e~gfq% lko~cdmfm$

L~æcmk t

Lüok eenzfqek| hf|}f fhï nc a~nc n|}fmk#

6#1 Ldlek Ekgï|}dlk0

Ne Ldlek Ekgï|}dlk ―N| ne ncjkv~n |d|}äodlk v~n mn|lqdan ef| fl}dzdmfmn| dc}nqmnrncmdnc}n|mn ~c |d|}nof ekgï|}dlk% nc ne l~fe |n frqnldf v~n ne rqkln|k n| ~c ldlek lkc}dc~k af|fmknc ef| cnln|dmfmn| mn ek| ~|~fqdk|‟#

Nxd|}nc jfl}kqn| nx}nqck| lkok ef| Rkeï}dlf| v~n rkmqïfc okmdjdlfq k fjnl}fq nej~cldkcfodnc}k mn n|}n ldlek#

Ne |d|}nof ekgï|}dlk }dncn lkok lfqfl}nqï|}dlf ne |nq Fmfr}faen fc}n j~}~qk| lfoadk| v~nfjnl}nc |~ j~cldkcfodnc}k }k}fe k ~cf rfq}n mn äe# Rkq n`norek ~cf mnld|düc rkeï}dlf%nxrfc|düc mne rqkgqfof% dc}qkm~lldüc mn ~c rqkm~l}k c~nzk#

Ldlek Ekgï|}dlk

N z f e ~

f l d ü c

L k c } d c ~

f

N z f e ~

f l d ü c

L k c } d c ~

f

N z f e ~ f l d ü c

L k c } d c ~ f

N z f e ~ f l d ü c

L k c } d c ~ f

J~nc}n0 Fmodcd|}qfldüc Ekgï|}dl f rfqf Rqkgqfof| mn Refcdjdlfldüc Jfodedfq% @khc \ckw% Dcl#6444

\DGEDO



\DGEDO

\DGEDO\DGEDO6

Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m

\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|

1

Ef fmv~d|dldüc% n| ne rqkln|k v~n rnqod}n ka}ncnq ek| dc|~ok| |nenlldkcfmk| trqkgqfofmk|% rkq onmdk mn gn|}dkcn| mn lkorqf k mkcfldüc mn ek| od|ok|% rfqf neekqnv~dnqn0

‡ Rqkln|k| lefqk| mne fmv~d|dldüc+ lkorqf| mne kqgfcd|ok dc|}d}~ldkcfe

‡ Lfencmfqdpfldüc mn jnlhf| mn |kedld}~m% nc}qngf mn rnmdmk| nc ek| mdjnqnc}n|cdznen| t qnlnrldüc mn ek| dc|~ok|#

m# Feoflncfodnc}k t Md|}qda~ldüc0

Ne Feoflncfodnc}k lkc|d|}n nc ef fmnl~fldüc mne n|rfldk t lkcmdldkcn|mn}nqodcfmf| v~n mnanc rk|nnq ef| akmngf| k feoflncn| mn ek| mdjnqnc}n| cdznen|%

rfqf ofc}ncnq ef lfedmfm n dc}ngqdmfm mne dc|~ok t qnv~dnqn0

‡ L~oredodnc}k mn ckqof}dzf| mn Feoflncfodnc}k

‡ Norenfq ~c |d|}nof mn Lkc}qke mn Dcznc}fqdk|

Ef Md|}qda~ldüc lkorqncmn ne lkc`~c}k mn dc|}fefldkcn| t }qfc|rkq}n rkq ek| l~fen|

}dncnc v~n rf|fq ek| dc|~ok| t qnv~dnqn mn0

‡ Dc|}fefldkcn| (Akmngf| nc ek| mdjnqnc}n| cdznen|$

‡ Onmdk| mn ]qfc|rkq}n fmnl~fmk|

‡ L~oredodnc}k mn jnlhf| rqkgqfofmf| rfqf ne okzdodnc}k mn dc|~ok|#

n# \d|}nof mn Dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef Gn|}düc Ekgï|}dlf mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| / \DGEDO

Ne \d|}nof mn Dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef Gn|}düc Ekgï|}dlf mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| \DGEDO%n|}æ lkc|}d}~dmk rkq ~c lkc`~c}k mn mf}k| t qngd|}qk| dc}nqqnefldkcfmk| v~n aqdcmfc

dcjkqofldüc ekgï|}dlf n|ncldfe rfqf ef }kof mn mnld|dkcn|#

Ne \DGEDO n| ne nclfqgfmk mn qnlkgnq dcjkqofldüc mn lfmf ~cf mn ef| n}frf| mneldlek ekgï|}dlk# N|}k rnqod}n okcd}kqnfq ne j~cldkcfodnc}k mne |d|}nof f }qfzä| mn efnzfe~fldüc lkc}dc~f t qnv~dnqn rfqf |~ fmnl~fmk j~cldkcfodnc}k0

‡ Lkc}qke |d|}noæ}dlk mn ef lfedmfm mn ek| mf}k| qnlkenl}fmk|

‡ Qnl~q|k| h~ofck| lfrfld}fmk|

‡ Rqn|~r~n|}k n Dc|}q~onc}k| mn qnlkenlldüc mn dcjkqofldüc

\DGEDO



\DGEDO\DGEDO



1# \d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc

ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|

Lkok |n ka|nqzf nc ne n|v~nof mne Ldlek Ekgï|}dlk% ne \d|}nof mnDcjkqofldüc rfqf ef Gn|}düc Ekgï|}dlf mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| \DGEDO n|}æ~adlfmk nc ne lnc}qk t |n nclfqgf mn qn}qkfedonc}fq lkc dcjkqofldüc fek| mnoæ| lkorkcnc}n|# Lfmf lkorkcnc}n nc ne ldlek ekgï|}dlk cnln|d}f

dcjkqofldüc znqfp t krkq}~cf rfqf rkmnq j~cldkcfq nc |~ }k}fedmfm% rkq ek }fc}k ef

dcjkqofldüc mnan |nq qngd|}qfmf mn ofcnqf lkqqnl}f t nczdfmf f }dnork#

‡ »V~ä n| ne \DGEDO;

N| ~c |d|}nof lkc|}d}~dmk rkq ~c lkc`~c}k mn mf}k| t qngd|}qk| dc}nqqnefldkcfmk| v~naqdcmfc dcjkqofldüc n|ncldfe rfqf ef }kof mn mnld|dkcn|#

‡ »L~æe n| ne rqkrü|d}k mne \DGEDO;

Ne rqkrü|d}k mne |d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc n| On`kqfq ef| mnld|dkcn| gnqncldfen| ncekgï|}dlf mn Dc|~ok| oämdlk|#

\n rkmqæc on`kqfq ef| mnld|dkcn| gnqncldfen| t rkq ncmn ef lfedmfm mn ek| |nqzdldk|%|d |n ofcn`f fmnl~fmfonc}n ef dcjkqofldüc v~n |n n|}æ rqkm~ldncmk t |d |n

l~nc}f lkc dcjkqofldüc lkoren}f% znqæp t krkq}~cf rfqf rkmnq }kofq mnld|dkcn|fmnl~fmf|#

‡ »L~æen| |kc ek| Mf}k| mn Dcjkqofldüc Ekgï|}dlf rfqf ef ]kof mnMnld|dkcn|;

Rfqf ef }kof mn mnld|dkcn| ekgï|}dlf| |n cnln|d}fc mk| mf}k| n|ncldfen|0 Lkc|~ok%

t Nxd|}ncldf|# N|}k| mk| mf}k| ck| rnqod}nc gncnqfq dcjkqofldüc v~n }foadnc |ncnln|d}f rfqf ef }kof mn mnld|dkcn| ekgï|}dlf|% lkok |kc0 Lkc|~ok RqkonmdkOnc|~fe t Lfc}dmfm f \kedld}fq# Fmdldkcfeonc}n |n cnln|d}f |fanq ne Rnqdkmk mnQnfaf|}nldodnc}k% n|}n mf}k |n mn}nqodcf nc ne md|nök mne |d|}nof ekgï|}dlk# Ek|mf}k| mn Jnlhf| mn Jfaqdlfldüc k Lfm~ldmfm |kc cnln|fqdk| rfqf ne ofcn`k lkqqnl}kmn ek| dc|~ok|#

\DGEDO \DGEDO



\DGEDO

\DGEDO\DGEDO6

Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m




‡ Jnlhf| mn Jfaqdlfldüc k Lfm~ldmfm

Mn jfaqdlfldüc% jnlhf v~n |n mnan }kofq nc l~nc}f rfqf znqdjdlfq ef zdmf ð}de mn~c rqkm~l}k#

Mn lfm~ldmfm% jnlhf mn|r~ä| mn ef l~fe ck |n gfqfc}dpf ef lfedmfm mn ~c

rqkm~l}k t |n mnan mn qn}dqfq mne |d|}nof

‡ »Mücmn |n qngd|}qf ef dcjkqofldüc; Qngd|}qk| aæ|dlk| mnDcjkqofldüc#

Nc ~c |d|}nof ekgï|}dlk nxd|}nc }qn| fl}dzdmfmn| v~n dcldmnc nc ek| dc|~ok| trkq lkc|dg~dnc}n% |n l~nc}f lkc }qn| }drk| mn qngd|}qk| ekgï|}dlk|# Ef| fl}dzdmfmn|

ekgï|}dlf| |kc0 6$ Ne feoflncfodnc}k mn dc|~ok|% 1$ Ne }qf|efmk k okzdodnc}k| mndc|~ok| nc}qn feoflncn| t <$ Nc}qngf mn ek| dc|~ok| f ek| ~|~fqdk|#

‡ Rfqf ne feoflncfodnc}k mn dc|~ok|% |n ~}dedpfc Qngd|}qk| mn Nxd|}ncldf|% (v~n dcmdlfc v~ä t l~æc}k }ncnok|;$ N`# Iæqmnx% }fq`n}f| mn n|}daf

‡ Rfqf ne }qf|efmk mn dc|~ok| nc}qn feoflncn|% Qngd|}qk| mn Okzdodnc}k|%

(v~n dcmdlfc v~ä t l~æc}k| rqkm~l}k| |fenc k dcgqn|fc f od feofläc$# N`#Qnv~d|f mn |fedmf% Dcjkqon mn Qnlnrldüc% Ck}f mn }qfc|jnqncldf % mn mnzke~ldüc%iæqmnx% }fq`n}f| mn n|}daf n}l#

‡ Rfqf ef nc}qngf mn dc|~ok| f ek| ~|~fqdk|% Qngd|}qk| mn Lkc|~ok (v~ndcmdlfc l~æc}k| t l~æen| j~nqkc nc}qngfmk| + lkc|~odmk| rkq ek| ~|~fqdk|$# N`#

\æafcf| mn mn|lfqg~n mdfqdk% qnln}f| ck mn|rflhfmf|#

1#6 Dc|}q~onc}k| mn qngd|}qk mne \d|}nof mn Dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef Gn|}düc Ekgï|}dlf mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| \DGEDO

Ne \DGEDO fl}~feonc}n n|}fqæ j~cldkcfcmk mn jkqof ofc~fe nc ek| cdznen| mndcjkqofldüc9 rnqk ek| mf}k| |nqæc f~}kof}dpfmk| nc ek| cdznen| |~rnqdkqn|#

N|}f dcjkqofldüc rnqod}dqæ fe ODC\F lkc}fq lkc ef |dg~dnc}n dcjkqofldüc0

/ Lkc|~ok mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| f cdzne mn ~cdmfmn| mn \fe~m% O~cdldrdk% \DEFD\t cdzne cfldkcfe#

/ Nxd|}ncldf mn ~c mn}nqodcfmk dc|~ok| nc ~cf jnlhf n|rnldjdlf f cdzne mn ef

}k}fedmfm mn ef qnm mn ~c o~cdldrdk% \DEFD\ t f cdzne lnc}qfe#

/ Lfc}dmfmn| ck mn|rflhfmf| mn ~c mn}nqodcfmk dc|~ok nc ~c o~cdldrdk% \DEFD\ü f cdzne cfldkcfe#

Mf}k| N|ncldfen| mn Dcjkqofldüc Ekgï|}dlf

‡ Lkc|~ok

‡ Nxd|}ncldf|

K}qk| Mf}k| rfqf ef }kof mn mnld|dkcn|

‡ Lkc|~ok Rqkonmdk Onc|~fe + LRO

‡ Lfc}dmfm f \kedld}fq

‡ Rnqïkmk mn Qnfaf|}nldodnc}k

‡ Jnlhf| mn Jfaqdlfldüc k Lfm~ldmfm

N|}k| mf}k| mnanc |nq qngd|}qfmk|% qnrkq}fmk| t }qf|efmfmk| rkq ek| mdjnqnc}n| cdznen|rfqf v~n rnqod}f }kofq mnld|dkcn| nc lfmf ~ck mn neek|#

‡ Lkc|~ok# N| ef lfc}dmfm mn dc|~ok| nc}qngfmk| mdqnl}fonc}n f ek| t ef| ~|~fqdk|

(f|$ nc ~c mn}nqodcfmk rnqdkmk mn }dnork#

‡ Nxd|}ncldf| Md|rkcdaen|# \kc ef| lfc}dmfmn| mn dc|~ok| ~}dedpfaen| v~n n|}æcmd|rkcdaen| nc l~fev~dnq dc|}fcldf k n|}faenldodnc}k mn |fe~m nc ~c okonc}k mfmknc ne }dnork

Ek| zfekqn| ~}dedpfmk| rfqf lfel~efq |nofcf| |kc0

2 f 2#1= nv~dzfen f 2 |nofcf

2#1> f 2#=4 nv~dzfen f 6 |nofcf

2#>2 f 2#7= nv~dzfen f 1 |nofcf|

2#7> f 2#44 nv~dzfen f < |nofcf|

‡ Rnqïkmk mn Qnfaf|}nldodnc}k# N| ef rnqdkmdldmfm k jqnl~ncldf lkc v~n ek|mdjnqnc}n| cdznen| fmodcd|}qf}dzk| t mn f}ncldüc |kc faf|}nldmk|% n| mnldq lfmf l~æc}k }dnork |n qnldan ne rnmdmk#

‡ Efr|k mn Qnfaf|}nldodnc}k# N| ne }dnork }qfc|l~qqdmk nc}qn ne okonc}k nc v~n|n dcdldf ne rqkln|k mn |kedld}~m mn dc|~ok| t ne okonc}k nc v~n n|}k| |n qnldanc tn|}æc md|rkcdaen| rfqf |~ ~|k#

\DGEDO \DGEDO



\DGEDO

\DGEDO\DGEDO68

Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m




1#1 Nxredlfldüc mne eencfmk

mn ek| dc|}q~onc}k| mne \DGEDO

/ Ef| cnln|dmfmn| }k}fen| mn ~c dc|~ok oämdlk n|rnldjdlk rfqf ~c o~cdldrdk ü\DEFD\ mn}nqodcfmk k f Cdzne Cfldkcfe#

N|}f dcjkqofldüc |nqæ mn o~lhf ~}dedmfm rfqf ef }kof krkq}~cf mn mnld|dkcn| ton`kqfq f onmdfck refpk ne faf|}nldodnc}k mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| mn fl~nqmk f efmnofcmf mn ef rkaefldüc ~|~fqdf#

Dcjkqon| mne \DGEDO0

N|}æ lkcjkqofmk rkq > dc|}q~onc}k| rkq cdznen| mn qn|ke~ldüc% t ~cf hk`f mn}qfaf`k rfqf ne mf}k mn lfc}dmfm ck mn|rflhfmf#

Ek| dc|}q~onc}k| |kc0

6# Dcjkqon |kaqn Lkc|~ok t \kedld}~m mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| rfqf R~n|}k| mn\fe~m

1# Lkc}qke mn Okzdodnc}k mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| rfqf Jfqofldf mn Lnc}qk mn

\fe~m

<# Qnv~d|f rfqf Jfqofldf

=# Qnv~d|f O~cdldrfe

># Qnv~d|f rfqf \DEFD\

:# Qngd|}qk mn lfc}dmfmn| ck mn|rflhfmf| rkq qnln}f| rfqf jfqofldf| mnr~n|}k| t lnc}qk| mn |fe~m#

\DGEDO\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|



\DGEDO

\DGEDO\DGEDO2

Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m




LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\

Lümdgk0

Fck}n ne lümdgk mne rqkm~l}k v~n frfqnln nc ef ed|}faæ|dlf mn onmdlfonc}k|#

Lümdgk 066:216:

Rfqfln}foke (Fln}fodckjnc$# ]faen}f >22 og

Mn|lqdrldüc0

Fck}n ne ckoaqn mn ek| onmdlfonc}k| v~n |kckjnq}fmk| nc ef ^cdmfm mn \fe~m#

Mn|lqdrldüc

Rfqfln}foke (Fln}fodckjnc$# ]faen}f >22 og

^cdmfm0

Fck}n ef ̂ cdmfm mn onmdmf ~}dedpfmf rfqf |kedld}fq ne

rqkm~l}k fe cdzne |~rnqdkq (rkq% n`norek0 ~cdmfmn|%jqf|lk% forkeef$# Ef ̂ cdmfm mn onmdmf |n ncl~nc}qf

qngd|}qfmf nc ef Ed|}f Aæ|dlf mn Onmdlfonc}k|#

^cdmfm mn Onmdmf

]faen}f|

\femk Dcdldfe0 (LKE^OCF F$0

N|lqdadq ef lfc}dmfm mn dc|~ok| v~n }ncïf ne R~n|}k mn\fe~m l~fcmk dcdldü ne on| v~n n|}æ qnrkq}fcmk# N|}nmf}k mnan lkdcldmdq lkc ne |femk fl}~fe qnrkq}fmk nc ne

on| fc}nqdkq

6# Dcjkqon |kaqn Lkc|~ok t \kedld}~m mn Dc|~ok|

Oämdlk| rfqf R~n|}k| mn \fe~m

Dc|}q~l}dk rfqf ne eencfmk mne ―Dcjkqon |kaqn Lkc|~ok t \kedld}~m mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| rfqf R~n|}k| mn \fe~m‟

LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\

^cdmfm mn \fe~m0

Fck}n ne ckoaqn mn ef ^cdmfm mn \fe~mv~n eencf n|}n dcjkqon

R~n|}k mn \fe~m0 Ef Jekq

O~cdldrdk0

Fck}n ne ckoaqn mne o~cdldrdk fe v~n lkqqn|rkcmn ef

^cdmfm mn \fe~m v~n eencf n|}n dcjkqon#

O~cdldrdk0 R~naek C~nzk

On|0

Fck}n ne on| fe v~n lkqqn|rkcmn ne Dcjkqon

Ncnqk/122:




\DGEDO

\DGEDO\DGEDO

Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m




LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\

Lkc|~ok \nofcf = (LKEÔCF J$0

Fv~ï n|}æc nc~onqfmk| ek| mïf| mn ef |nofcf# \n

mnan fck}fq rkq lfmf mïf ne }k}fe mn onmdlfonc}k|mn|rflhfmk| mdfqdfonc}n nc ef |nofcf =# \d nc

mn}nqodcfmk okonc}k mne on| ef ̂ cdmfm v~nmfmn|faf|}nldmf |n mnanqæ ofqlfq ef lf|deef lkc ~cf Xt eenzfq ne lkc}qke mn ef| qnln}f| ck mn|rflhfmf| nc ef

hk`f md|nöfmf rfqf n|}n jdc#

LKC\ÔK =

E O O @ Z

6: 67 68 64 12

61 61 6: 16 8

Lkc|~ok \nofcf > (LKEÔCF G$0

Fv~ï n|}æc nc~onqfmk| ek| mïf| mn ef |nofcf# \nmnan fck}fq rkq lfmf mïf ne }k}fe mn onmdlfonc}k|

mn|rflhfmk| mdfqdfonc}n nc ef |nofcf ># \d ncmn}nqodcfmk okonc}k mne on| ef ̂ cdmfm v~nmf

mn|faf|}nldmf |n mnanqæ ofqlfq ef lf|deef lkc ~cf X

t eenzfq ne lkc}qke mn ef| qnln}f| ck mn|rflhfmf| nc efhk`f md|nöfmf rfqf n|}n jdc#

LKC\ÔK >

E O O @ Z

1<+6 1=+6 1>+6

61 1< :

]k}fe mn Lkc|~ok onc|~fe

(LKEÔCF H ? L)M)N)J) G$0

Fck}fq ef |~of mn }kmk| ek| lkc|~ok| |nofcfen|

]k}fe mn Lkc|~ok Onc|~fe

(LKEÔCF H ? L)M)N)J) G$0

177

\femk Fl}~fe (Jdcfe On|$ (LKEÔCF D ? F ) A / H$

N| ef lfc}dmfm md|rkcdaen nc Nxd|}ncldf| v~n }dncn neR~n|}k mn \fe~m f ef jnlhf mn lkq}n mne on| v~n n|}æ

qnrkq}fcmk# N| ne qn|~e}fmk mn ef |~of mne |femk dcdldfe oæ|ef| nc}qfmf| onck| ne lkc|~ok onc|~fe# Rfqf znqdjdlfq

nxd|}ncldf| |n qnlkodncmf qnfedpfq dcznc}fqdk jï|dlk#

\FEMK FL]^FE (Jdcfe on|$

(LKEÔCF D ? F ) A / H$

72

N| qn|~e}fmk mn => ) <21 ? 177

On|n| mn nxd|}ncldf| (LKEÔCF @? D+H$

N|}n mf}k qn|~e}f mn mdzdmdq ne |femk fl}~fe (jdcfe mne On|$nc}qn ne lkc|~ok onc|~fe qnrkq}fmk# Rkq n`norek%

|d ef| nxd|}ncldf| fe jdcfe mne On| n| mn 122 lær|~ef|mn fordldedcf t ne lkc|~ok onc|~fe n| dg~fe f 622%

nc}kcln| 122 ÷ 622 ? 1# N|}k |dgcdjdlf v~n ne r~n|}k mn

|fe~m }dncn nxd|}ncldf| rfqf l~aqdq ne lkc|~ok m~qfc}nek| rqüxdok| 1 on|n|# \n mnan lfel~efq rkq on|n| t

|nofcf| mn nxd|}ncldf| md|rkcdaen|#

ON\N\ MN NXD\]NCLDF\

(LKEÔCF @ ? D+ H$

2#1>1 n| dg~fe f 6 |nofcf

N| qn|~e}fmk mn 72 + 177 ? 2# 1>1

Hft v~n }kofq nc l~nc}f v~n l~fcmk ef ldjqf n| onckq f 69 ne læel~ek |n mnan n|rnldjdlfq nc |nofcf|#

mm0 Mïf| mn|faf|}nldmk|0 (LKEÔCF I$0

Fck}fq ne }k}fe mn mïf| mn|faf|}nldmk| v~n j~nqkcofqlfmk| lkc X nc ne Dcjkqon#

mm0 Mïf| mn|faf|}nldmk|

(LKEÔCF I$

2

LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\

\femk Dcdldfe (LKEÔCF F$0

N|lqdadq ef lfc}dmfm mn dc|~ok| v~n }ncïf ne R~n|}k mn

\fe~m l~fcmk dcdldü ne on| v~n n|}æ qnrkq}fcmk# N|}nmf}k mnan lkdcldmdq lkc ne |femk fl}~fe qnrkq}fmk nc ne

on| fc}nqdkq

\femk Dcdldfe (Lke~ocf F$0

=>

Nc}qfmf (LKEÔCF A$0

Fck}fq ef lfc}dmfm }k}fe mn onmdlfonc}k| v~n qnldadü ne

R~n|}k mn \fe~m m~qfc}n ne on| qnrkq}fmk

Nc}qfmf (LKEÔCF A$0

<21

Jnlhf0

Fck}f nc n|}f| lf|deef| nc aefclk ef jnlhf mnerqdonq mïf v~n |n lkodncpf f eencfq ne dcjkqon t f|ï

|~ln|dzfonc}n f ek efqgk mne on| qnrkq}fmk#

E O O @ Z

1: 17 18 14 <2

Ef jnlhf |n dcdldf ofqlfcmk lkc ef jnlhf mn dcdldk mnedcjkqon n| mnldq n|}n dcjkqon|n lkoncpü f eencfq ne 1:

mn Mdldnoaqn#

Lkc|~ok \nofcf 6 (LKEÔCF L$0


mn|rflhfmk| mdfqdfonc}n nc ef |nofcf 6# \d ncmn}nqodcfmk okonc}k mne on| ef ̂ cdmfm v~nmf


t eenzfq ne lkc}qke mn ef| qnln}f| ck mn|rflhfmf| nc ef


LKC\ÔK 6

E O O @ Z

1: 17 18 14 <2

61 1< : 1 :

Lkc|~ok \nofcf 1 (LKEÔCF M$0





LKC\ÔK 1

E O O @ Z

1 < = > :

62 11 6: = :

Lkc|~ok \nofcf < (LKEÔCF N$0


mn|rflhfmk| mdfqdfonc}n nc ef |nofcf <# \d nc

mn}nqodcfmk okonc}k mne on| ef ̂ cdmfm v~nmfmn|faf|}nldmf |n mnanqæ ofqlfq ef lf|deef lkc ~cf X


LKC\ÔK <

E O O @ Z

4 62 66 61 6<

61 12 12 1 :




\DGEDO

\DGEDO\DGEDO

Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m

\DGEDO\DGEDO


Lk|}k| (LKEÔCF R$

Fvðd |n fck}fqfc ne lk|}k ~cd}fqdk t ne lk|}k }k}fe# Ne

lk|}k ~cd}fqdk n| ne rqnldk qnjen`fmk nc ef qnv~d|f rfqflfmf ~cdmfm mn rqkm~l}k# T ne lk|}k }k}fe qn|~e}f mn

ef o~e}dredlfldüc nc}qn ne lk|}k ~cd}fqdk rkq ef lfc}dmfm

f}ncmdmf#

LK\]K\ (Lke~ocf R$

^cd}fqdk ]k}fe

2#6> 82%1>

KA\NQZFLDKCN\

Fv~ï |n fck}fqæ l~fev~dnq lkonc}fqdk qnefldkcfmk lkc ef|kedld}~m mn onmdlfonc}k| njnl}~fmf#

Jdqof \kedld}fmk t jnlhf0

Jdqof mn ef rnq|kcf v~n nefakqf ne dcjkqon#

Jfadkef Okqfen|

1: / 6/ 2:

LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\

Jdqof F~}kqdpfmk t jnlhf0

Jdqof mn ef rnq|kcf v~n f~}kqdpü ne dcjkqon t jnlhf#

Ofqdk Efpk

1:/26/ 2:

Jdqof Qnldadmk0

Jdqof mn ef rnq|kcf v~n qnldadü ne rnmdmk#

Jfadkef Okqfen|

17/6/ 2:

Jdqof Nc}qngfmk t jnlhf0

Jdqof mn ef rnq|kcf v~n nc}qngü t ef jnlhf

Lfqek| Of}fokqk|

17/6/ 2:

LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\

Lfc}dmfm ck mn|rflhfmf (LKEÔCF E$0

N|}n mf}k |n }kofqf mn ef hk`f mn }qfaf`k |kaqn―Qngd|}qk mn lfc}dmfmn| ck mn|rflhfmf| rfqf Jfqofldft R~n|}k| mn \fe~m$0 Fck}fq ef lfc}dmfm }k}fe ck f}ncmdmf

m~qfc}n ne rnqïkmk dcjkqofmk#

Lfc}dmfm ck Mn|rflhfmf

(LKEÔCF E$

\ngðc ne dcjkqon mn lfc}dmfmn| ck mn|rflhfmf|

|n }k}fedpf v~n ck |n mn|rflhfqkc <2 }faen}f| mn Fln}fodckjnc nc n|}n rnqïkmk#

Lfc}dmfm Rqkgqfofmf0 (LKEÔCF O ? H ) E X 6#>$

\n lfel~ef o~e}dredlfcmk ne lkc|~ok oæ| ef lfc}dmfm

ck mn|rflhfmf (nc ne lf|k nc v~n h~adnqf kl~qqdmkmn|faf|}nldodnc}k mn ~c dc|~ok$ rkq 6#># Fv~ï |n }kof nc

l~nc}f ~c cdzne mn qn|nqzf mn dc|~ok| mn fl~nqmk fe }dnorkrqkonmdk v~n }qfc|l~qqn nc}qn ef nefakqfldüc mne dcjkqon t efnc}qngf mn rnmdmk| rkq ne cdzne |~rnqdkq# \d ef| nxd|}ncldf| mn

fegðc onmdlfonc}k |kc oftkqn| f ef lfc}dmfm rqkgqfofmf%ck |n |kedld}fqfc dc|~ok| nc n|}n on|#

Lfc}dmfm Rqkgqfofmf

(LKEÔCF O ? H ) E X 6#>$

>2>

N| ne qn|~e}fmk mn 0 177 ) <2 x 6#> ? >2>

\kedld}fmk (LKEÔCF C? D / O$0

Fck}n ef lfc}dmfm v~n |k edld}f f |~ cdzne |~rnqdkq# N|}f

|n lfel~ef qn|}fcmk ek rqkgqfofmk ne |femk fl}~fe#

\kedld}fmk

(Lke~ocf C? D “ O$

><>

\n |kedld}f ef lfc}dmfm mn ><> }faen}f| }kofcmk ncl~nc}f ne |femk fl}~fe

F}ncmdmk (LKEÔCF K$

N| ef lfc}dmfm v~n |n en nc}qngf fe R~n|}k| mn \fe~m#Gncnqfeonc}n% n|}f lfc}dmfm |nqæ dmäc}dlf f ef Lfc}dmfm

F~}kqdpfmf% nxlnr}k nc fv~neek| lf|k| v~n h~adnqfmn|faf|}nldodnc}k nc ne feofläc o~cdldrfe#

F}ncmdmk

(Lke~ocf K$

><>




\DGEDO

\DGEDO\DGEDO

Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m

\DGEDO\DGEDO


On|0

Fck}n ne on| fe v~n lkqqn|rkcmn ne Dcjkqon

Ncnqk/122:

Lümdgk0

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aæ|dlf mn onmdlfonc}k|#

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LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\

Mn|lqdrldüc0

Fck}n ne ckoaqn mn ek| onmdlfonc}k| v~n |kc

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Fokxdldedcf 1>2 og + > oe#\~|rnc|düc Jlk# 622 oe# Kqfe

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Jqf|lk JLK#


N|lqdadq ef lfc}dmfm mn dc|~ok| v~n }ncïf ne R~n|}k mn

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on| fc}nqdkq

\femk Dcdldfe

(Lke~ocf F$

62

Nc}qfmf \nofcf 6 (LKE^OCF A$0

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Nc}qfmf \nofcf 6

(LKE^OCF A$0

11

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1# Lkc}qke mn Okdodnc}k mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk|

rfqf Jfqofldf mn Lnc}qk mn \fe~m

LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\

Dc|}q~l}dk rfqf ne eencfmk mne ―Lkc}qke mn Okdodnc}k mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| rfqf

Jfqofldf mn Lnc}qk mn \fe~m‟

^cdmfm mn \fe~m0

Fck}n ne ckoaqn mn ef ^cdmfm mn \fe~m v~n eencf n|}n

dcjkqon#

Lnc}qk mn \fe~m0 Rdk XDD

O~cdldrdk0

Fck}n ne ckoaqn mne o~cdldrdk fe v~n lkqqn|rkcmn ef

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O~cdldrdk0 Cfcmf|ok




\DGEDO

\DGEDO\DGEDO8

Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m

\DGEDO\DGEDO


LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\

Lkc|~ok \nofcf < (LKEÔCF N$0


mn|rflhfmk| mdfqdfonc}n nc ef |nofcf <# \d ncmn}nqodcfmk okonc}k mne on| ef ̂ cdmfm v~nmf



Lkc|~ok |nofcf <

E O O @ Z \ M L+\

4 62 66 61 6< 6= 6>

= : 62 62 > = < =1

Nc}qfmf \nofcf| = t > (LKEÔCF H$0

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(LKEÔCF A$0

61

Lkc|~ok \nofcf = (LKEÔCF D$0


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Lkc|~ok |nofcf =

E O O @ Z \ M L+\

6: 67 68 64 12 16 11

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Lkc|~ok \nofcf > (LKEÔCF @$0


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E O O @ Z \ M L+\

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1 6 6

]k}fe mn Nc}qfmf| (LKEÔCF I? A)M)J)H$0

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]k}fe mn Nc}qfmf|

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Jnlhf0

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E O O @ Z \ M L+\

1: 17 18 14 <2 <6 6

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1: mn Mdldnoaqn#

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Lkc|~ok |nofcf 6

E O O @ Z \ M L+\

1: 17 18 14 <2 <6 6

: 66 < 61 X X X <1

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(LKEÔCF A$0

::

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Lkc|~ok |nofcf 1E O O @ Z \ M L+\

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: 62 8 = 61 8 8 >:

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Fck}fq ef lfc}dmfm }k}fe mn onmdlfonc}k| v~n qnldadü

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Nc}qfmf \nofcf <

(LKEÔCF A$0

72




\DGEDO

\DGEDO\DGEDO2

Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m

\DGEDO\DGEDO


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<

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m~qfc}n ne rnqïkmk dcjkqofmk#

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6>

KA\NQZFLDKCN\

Fv~ï |n fck}fqæ l~fev~dnq lkonc}fqdk qnefldkcfmk lkc ef

|kedld}~m mn onmdlfonc}k| njnl}~fmf#

Jdqof 0

Jdqof mn ef rnq|kcf v~n nefakqf ne dcjkqon

Jdqof0 Ckne Eürnp

LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\

\femk Fl}~fe (Jdcfe On|$ (LKEÔCF O ? F ) I / E$

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qnrkq}fcmk# N| ne qn|~e}fmk mn ef |~of mne |femk dcdldfeoæ| ne }k}fe mn nc}qfmf| onck| ne lkc|~ok onc|~fe#

\femk Fl}~fe (Jdcfe On|$ (LKEÔCF O ? F ) I / E$

62

On|n| mn nxd|}ncldf| (LKEÔCF C? O+E$

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On|$ nc}qn ne lkc|~ok }k}fe onc|~fe# Rkq n`norek%|d ef| nxd|}ncldf| fe jdcfe mne On| n| mn 122 lær|~ef|

mn fordldedcf t ne lkc|~ok onc|~fe n| dg~fe f 622%nc}kcln| 122 ÷ 622 ? 1# N|}k |dgcdjdlf v~n ne r~n|}k mn|fe~m }dncn nxd|}ncldf| rfqf l~aqdq ne lkc|~ok m~qfc}n

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On|n| mn nxd|}ncldf| (LKEÔCF C? O+E$

2#2>

N|}k |dgcdjdlf v~n ef ^cdmfm }dncn onck| mn ~cf|nofcf n| mnldq v~n n|}æ mn|faf|}nldmf mn Fokxdledcfnc jqf|lk f ef jnlhf mn lkq}n#




\DGEDO

\DGEDO\DGEDO

Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m

\DGEDO\DGEDO


Ck#

\n n|lqdadqæ nc cðonqk mn ef qnv~d|f% rqnc~onqfmf rkq Lkc}fadedmfm#

LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\

Ck# <=>

Jnlhf0

Fck}n ne mïf% on| t fök v~n |n nefakqü ef |kedld}~m#

Ncnqk/122:

Lümdgk0

\n qnjdnqn fe lümdgk mne rqkm~l}k v~n frfqnln nc ef ed|}f


Lümdgk 0 262626=2

Fokxdldedcf 1>2 og + > oe#

<# ―Qnv~d|f mn Jfqofldf‟

LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\

Dc|}q~l}dk rfqf ne eencfmk mn ef ―Qnv~d|f mn Jfqofldf‟

Lnc}qk mn \fe~m 0

Fck}n ne ckoaqn mn ef ^cdmfm mn \fe~m v~n eencf n|}ndcjkqon#

Lnc}qk mn \fe~m0 Rdk XDD

Cdzne mn Qn|nqzf0

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Lnc}qk| mn \fe~m

O~cdldrdk0 Cfcmf|ok




\DGEDO\DGEDO

Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m

\DGEDO


LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\

Lfc}dmfm Rqkgqfofmf0 (LKEÔCF J ? (L)N$* 6#>$

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mn|faf|}nldodnc}k mn ~c dc|~ok$ rkq 6#># Fv~ï |n }kof ncl~nc}f ~c cdzne mn qn|nqzf mn dc|~ok| mn fl~nqmk fe }dnork

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ck |n |kedld}fqfc dc|~ok| nc n|}n on|#

Lfc}dmfm Rqkgqfofmf0 (LKEÔCF J ? (L)N$* 6#>$

72

Lfc}dmfm \kedld}fmf (LKEÔCF G ? J/ M$0

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|n lfel~ef qn|}fcmk fe |femk fl}~fe ek rqkgqfofmk#

Lfc}dmfm \kedld}fmf (LKEÔCF G ? J/ M $0

:2

Lfc}dmfm F}ncmdmf (LKEÔCF H$

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Lk|}k| (LKEÔCF D$

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ne lk|}k ~cd}fqdk rkq ef lfc}dmfm f}ncmdmf

LK\]K\ (Lke~ocf D$

^cd}fqdk ]k}fe

2#6> 82%1>

KA\NQZFLDKCN\


\kedld}fmk t jnlhf0

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Ckne Eürnp

21/26/2:

F~}kqdpfmk t jnlhf0

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nc |~ f~|ncldf ne Fmodcd|}qfmkq mne O~cdldrdk% t ef jnlhfnc v~n |n f~}kqdpü#

Lef~mdf \fclhnp

1/26/ 2:

Qnldadmk t jnlhf0

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Ckne Ekrnp

21/26/2:

Nc}qngfmk t jnlhf0

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\fekoüc Aflf

21/26/2:

LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\

Mn|lqdrldüc0

\n qnjdnqn fe ckoaqn mn ek| onmdlfonc}k| v~n

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Mn|lqdrldüc

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Jqf|lk JLK#


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12

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m~qfc}n ef |nofcf qnrkq}fmf#


11

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nc}qfmf| onck| ef |fedmf#


62

Lfc}dmfm Ck Mn|rflhfmf0 LKEÔCF N

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mn \fe~m#

Lfc}dmfm Ck Mn|rflhfmf0 LKEÔCF N

6>




\DGEDO\DGEDO

Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m

\DGEDO


LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\

O~cdldrdk0

Fck}n ne ckoaqn mne o~cdldrdk mn \fe~m v~n eencf n|}ndcjkqon#

O~cdldrdk0 R~naek C~nzk

Cdzne mn Qn|nqzf (CQ$0

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qn|nqzf |nqæ mn 1#>#

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=# Qnv~d|f O~cdldrfe

LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\

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Ck#

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Lkc}fadedmfm#

Ck# 1<2

\DEFD\0

Fck}fq ne ckoaqn mne \DEFD\ fe v~n lkqqn|rkcmn neo~cdldrdk

\DEFD\0 N|}neï




\DGEDO\DGEDO8

Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m

\DGEDO


LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\

\femk Fl}~fe ^cdmfmn| mn \fe~m (LKEÔCF N$

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\femk Fl}~fe ^cdmfmn| mn \fe~m (LKEÔCF N$

71

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lnc}qk| mn |fe~m

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(LKEÔCF J? M ) N $

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mn \fe~m#

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ef| ^cdmfmn| mn \fe~m nc ef| Qnv~d|f| mn Dc|~ok|#


=8>

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1#>$# Fv~ï |n }kof nc l~nc}f ~c cdzne mn qn|nqzf mndc|~ok| mn fl~nqmk fe }dnork rqkonmdk v~n }qfc|l~qqnnc}qn ef nefakqfldüc mne dcjkqon t ef nc}qngf mn rnmdmk|

rkq ne cdzne |~rnqdkq# \d ef| nxd|}ncldf| mn fegðconmdlfonc}k |kc oftkqn| f ef lfc}dmfm rqkgqfofmf%

ck |n |kedld}fqfc dc|~ok| nc n|}n on|#


472

Lfc}dmfm \kedld}fmf0 (LKEÔCF @ ? D/J $

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fl}~fe mne O^CDLDRDK

Lfc}dmfm \kedld}fmf0

(LKEÔCF @ ? D/J $

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N| ne qn|~e}fmk mn qn|}fq 472 “ 6:1

LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\

Jnlhf0


Jnlhf0 1:+2<+2:

Lümdgk0

\n qnjdnqn fe lümdgk mne rqkm~l}k v~n frfqnln nc ef ed|}faæ|dlf mn onmdlfonc}k|#

Lümdgk 0 26212:12

Feancmfpke \~|r# 622og+> oe#

Mn|lqdrldüc0

\n qnjdnqn fe ckoaqn mn ek| onmdlfonc}k| v~nfl}~feonc}n kjnq}f ne ODC\F nc |~| ̂ cdmfmn| mn \fe~m

t v~n n|}æc mn|}dcfmk| f ef f}ncldüc f cdzne mn ef|^cdmfmn| mn F}ncldüc Rqdofqdf# \ï nxd|}n ~c rqkm~l}k

fmdldkcfe v~n ck n|}æ dcle~dmk rnqk v~n |n kjnq}f nc ef|^+\ r~nmn fgqngfq|n#

Mn|lqdrldüc

Feancmfpke \~|r# 622og+> oe#

Jlk# 12 oe#

^cdmfm0



^cdmfm mn Onmdmf

Jqf|lk JLK#


N|lqdadq ef lfc}dmfm mn dc|~ok| v~n }ncïf ne feofläc

o~cdldrfe l~fcmk dcdldü ne on| v~n n|}æ qnrkq}fcmk#N|}n mf}k mnan lkdcldmdq lkc ne |femk fl}~fe qnrkq}fmk

nc ne on| fc}nqdkq#

\femk Dcdldfe

(Lke~ocf F$

<=2


Fck}n ef lfc}dmfm mn dc|~ok| qnldadmk| rkq ne feofläco~cdldrfe m~qfc}n ne on| qnrkq}fmk#

]k}fe mn Nc}qfmf|

(LKEÔCF A$0

672


Fck}n ef lfc}dmfm }k}fe mn rqkm~l}k nc}qngfmk f ef|

^cdmfmn| mn \fe~m m~qfc}n ne on|9 n| mnldq ne }k}feqnrkq}fmk nc nc}qfmf| rkq ek| R~n|}k| mn \fe~m t

Jfqofldf mn Lnc}qk mn \fe~m#


=12

\femk Fl}~fe mn Feofläc (LKEÔCF M ? F ) A /L$

N| ef nxd|}ncldf md|rkcdaen nc ne Feofläc O~cdldrfe fef jnlhf mn lkq}n mne on| v~n n|}æ qnrkq}fcmk# N| ne

qn|~e}fmk mn ef |~of mne |femk dcdldfe oæ| ne }k}fe mnnc}qfmf| onck| ef |fedmf#


42

42 jqf|lk| mn feancmfpke |n ncl~nc}qfc md|rkcdaen| ncne feofläc o~cdldrfe f ef jnlhf mn lkq}n




\DGEDO\DGEDO2

Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m

\DGEDO


LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\

F~}kqdpfmk t jnlhf0

Jdqof ne qn|rkc|faen mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| f cdzne mnefeofläc mn \DEFD\ (ü LDR\$ % t ef jnlhf nc v~n |n

f~}kqdpü#

Mfcdek Eürnp

18/2</2:

Qnldadmk t jnlhf0

Jdqof mn ef rnq|kcf v~n qnldadü ne rqkm~l}k o~cdldrfe t

ef jnlhf#

Of# Jnedx @ktf

14/2</122:

Nc}qngfmk t jnlhf0

Jdqof ef rnq|kcf v~n nc}qngf ek| dc|~ok| nc ne feofläcmn \DEFD\ (ü LDR\$ t ef jnlhf#

\fc}k| Okqfgf

14/2</122:

LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\

Lfc}dmfm F}ncmdmf (LKEÔCF I$

N| ef lfc}dmfm v~n |n en nc}qngf fe feofläc o~cdldrfe

rkq rfq}n mn |~ cdzne |~rnqdkq# Gncnqfeonc}n% n|}flfc}dmfm |nqæ dmäc}dlf f ef Lfc}dmfm F~}kqdpfmf% nxlnr}k

nc fv~neek| lf|k| v~n h~adnqf mn|faf|}nldodnc}k nc ef|akmngf| mn \DEFD\ ü LDR\#

Lfc}dmfm F}ncmdmf

(LKEÔCF I $

822

\n |~gdnqn qnmkcmnfq ef lfc}dmfm f}ncmdmf rfqfgfqfc}dpfq ef |ng~qdmfm mn ek| rqkm~l}k|#


N| ef lfc}dmfm v~n |n en nc}qngf fe feofläc o~cdldrferkq rfq}n mn |~ cdzne |~rnqdkq# Gncnqfeonc}n% n|}f

lfc}dmfm |nqæ dmäc}dlf f ef Lfc}dmfm F~}kqdpfmf% nxlnr}knc fv~neek| lf|k| v~n h~adnqf mn|faf|}nldodnc}k nc ef|

akmngf| mn \DEFD\ ü LDR\#

Lfc}dmfm F}ncmdmf

(LKEÔCF I$

822

\n |~gdnqn qnmkcmnfq ef lfc}dmfm f}ncmdmf rfqf

gfqfc}dpfq ef |ng~qdmfm mn ek| rqkm~l}k|#

Lk|}k| (LKEÔCF E$

Fv~ï |n fck}fqfc ne lk|}k ~cd}fqdk t ne lk|}k }k}fe# Nelk|}k ~cd}fqdk n| ne rqnldk qnjen`fmk nc ef qnv~d|f rfqflfmf ~cdmfm mn rqkm~l}k# T ne lk|}k }k}fe qn|~e}f mn

ef o~e}dredlfldüc nc}qn ne lk|}k ~cd}fqdk rkq ef lfc}dmfmf}ncmdmf#

LK\]K\ (Lke~ocf E$

^cd}fqdk ]k}fe

1#>6 1228

KA\NQZFLDKCN\


\kedld}fmk t jnlhf0

Jdqof mn ef rnq|kcf v~n nefakqf ne dcjkqon t ef jnlhf ncv~n |kedld}ü#

Of# Jnedx @ktf

1:/2</122:




\DGEDO\DGEDO

Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m

\DGEDO


LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\

Jnlhf0


Jnlhf0 <2/2=/122:

Lümdgk0

\n qnjdnqn fe lümdgk mne rqkm~l}k v~n frfqnln nc ef ed|}f


Lümdgk 0 26212>62

On}qkcdmfpke \~|r# 61>og+> oe#

Mn|lqdrldüc0

\n qnjdnqn fe ckoaqn mn ek| onmdlfonc}k| v~nfl}~feonc}n kjnq}f ne ODC\F nc |~| ^cdmfmn| mn

\fe~m#

Mn|lqdrldüc

On}qkcdmfpke \~|r# 61>og+> oe#Jlk# 612 oe#

># Qnv~d|f mn \DEFD\

Dc|}q~l}dk rfqf ne eencfmk mn ef ―Qnv~d|f mn \DEFD\‟

LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\

Ck#

\n n|lqdadqæ nc cðonqk mn ef qnv~d|f% rqnc~onqfmf rkq Lkc}fadedmfm

Ck# 782

Ckoaqn mne \DEFD\0

Fck}fq ne ckoaqn mne \DEFD\

\DEFD\0 Enüc

Cdzne mn Qn|nqzf0

\n fck}fqæ nc lkelhüc mn |ng~qdmfm mn dc|~ok| rfqfef ^cdmfm9 rkq n`norek 1#> on|n| rfqf akmngf| mn

\DEFD\#

Cdzne mn Qn|nqzf0 1#> on|n|




\DGEDO\DGEDO

Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m

\DGEDO


LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\


\n lfel~ef o~e}dredlfcmk ne lkc|~ok oæ| ef lfc}dmfm ckmn|rflhfmf rkq 1#> on|n|# Fv~ï |n }kof nc l~nc}f ~c

cdzne mn qn|nqzf mn dc|~ok| mn fl~nqmk fe }dnork rqkonmdkv~n }qfc|l~qqn nc}qn ef nefakqfldüc mne dcjkqon t ef nc}qngfmn rnmdmk| rkq ne cdzne |~rnqdkq# \d ef| nxd|}ncldf| mn fegðc

onmdlfonc}k |kc oftkqn| f ef lfc}dmfm rqkgqfofmf% ck|n |kedld}fqfc dc|~ok| nc n|}n on|#


62>77

Lfc}dmfm \kedld}fmf (LKEÔCF @ ? D/J$

Fck}n ef lfc}dmfm v~n |kedld}f f |~ cdzne |~rnqdkq# N|}f|n lfel~ef qn|}fcmk mn ef lfc}dmfm rqkgqfofmf ne |femk

}k}fe mne \DEFD\

Lfc}dmfm \kedld}fmf0

(LKEÔCF @ ? D/J $

>4:<


N| ef lfc}dmfm v~n |n en nc}qngf fe feoflnc mne \DEFD\rkq rfq}n mne LDR\#

Lfc}dmfm F}ncmdmf

(LKEÔCF I $

:222

\n |~gdnqn qnmkcmnfq ef lfc}dmfm f}ncmdmf rfqfgfqfc}dpfq ef dc}ngqdmfm mne norfv~n#

Lk|}k| (LKEÔCF E$

Fv~ï |n fck}fqfc ne lk|}k ~cd}fqdk t ne lk|}k }k}fe# Ne

lk|}k ~cd}fqdk n| ne rqnldk qnjen`fmk nc ef qnv~d|f rfqflfmf ~cdmfm mn rqkm~l}k# T ne lk|}k }k}fe qn|~e}f mn

ef o~e}dredlfldüc nc}qn ne lk|}k ~cd}fqdk rkq ef lfc}dmfm

f}ncmdmf#

LK\]K\ (Lke~ocf E$

^cd}fqdk ]k}fe

6>#1< 46=27

KA\NQZFLDKCN\


\kedld}fmk t jnlhf0

Jdqof mn ef rnq|kcf v~n nefakqf ne dcjkqon t ef jnlhf#

Mfedef Eürnp

26/2>/122:

F~}kqdpfmk t jnlhf0

Jdqof ne qn|rkc|faen mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|f cdzne lnc}qfe t ef jnlhf#

\nqgdk Rfefldk|

2</2>/122:

Qnldadmk t jnlhf0

Jdqof mn ef rnq|kcf v~n qnldadü ne rqkm~l}k t ef jnlhf#

Mfedef Eürnp

2:/2>/122:

Nc}qngfmk t jnlhf0

Jdqof ef rnq|kcf v~n nc}qngf ek| dc|~ok|nc ne LDR\ t ef jnlhf#

En|}nq Ofq}ïcnp

2:/2>/122:

^cdmfm0

Fck}n ef ̂ cdmfm v~n |n ~}dedpf rfqf |kedld}fq ne rqkm~l}k

fe cdzne |~rnqdkq (rkq% n`norek0 ~cdmfmn|% jqf|lk%forkeef$# Ef ̂ cdmfm mn onmdmf |n ncl~nc}qf qngd|}qfmf

nc ef Ed|}f Aæ|dlf mn Onmdlfonc}k|#

LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\

^cdmfm mn Onmdmf

Jqf|lk JLK#

\femk Dcdldfe0 (LKEÔCF F$0

N|lqdadq ef lfc}dmfm mn dc|~ok| v~n }ncïf ne feofläc

l~fcmk dcdldü ne rnqdkmk v~n n|}æ qnrkq}fcmk# N|}nmf}k mnan lkdcldmdq lkc ne |femk fl}~fe qnrkq}fmk nc ne

dcjkqon fc}nqdkq#

\femk Dcdldfe

(Lke~ocf F$

><28


Fck}n ef lfc}dmfm mn dc|~ok| qnldadmk| mne feofläc mneLDR\#

]k}fe mn Nc}qfmf|

(LKEÔCF A$0

=122


Fck}n ef lfc}dmfm mn rqkm~l}k nc}qngfmk f ek|O~cdldrdk| m~qfc}n ne rnqïkmk qnrkq}fmk#


:122

\femk Fl}~fe nc Feofläc mne \DEFD\(LKEÔCF M ? F ) A / L$

N| ef nxd|}ncldf md|rkcdaen nc ne feofläc mne \DEFD\ f

ef jnlhf mn lkq}n mne rnqïkmk v~n n|}æ qnrkq}fcmk# N|ne qn|~e}fmk mn ef |~of mne |femk dcdldfe oæ| ne }k}fe mn

nc}qfmf| onck| ef |fedmf#


<<28

\femk Fl}~fe mn O~cdldrdk| (LKEÔCF N$

N| ef |~of }k}fe mn ek| |femk| fl}~fen| qnrkq}fmf rkq ek|O~cdldrdk|#

\femk Fl}~fe O~cdldrdk| (LKEÔCF N$

6<2:

6<2: |kc ef| nxd|}ncldf| }k}fen| qnrkq}fmf| rkq ek|o~cdldrdk| mne \DEFD\ Enüc f ef jnlhf mn lkq}n#

\femk ]k}fe0 (LKEÔCF J? M)N$

N| ef |~of }k}fe mn ek| |femk| fl}~fen| qnrkq}fmfrkq ne feofläc mne \DEFD\ oæ| ek qnrkq}fmk rkq ek|

o~cdldrdk|#

\femk ]k}fe

(LKEÔCF J? M ) N $

=:6=

Lkc|~ok \DEFD\0 (LKEÔCF H$0

N| ef |~of mn ek| lkc|~ok| onc|~fen| qnrkq}fmf rkq ek| O~cdldrdk| nc ef| Qnv~d|f| mn Dc|~ok|#


=62:


: Qngd|}qk mn Lfc}dmfmn| Ck Mn|rflhfmf| rkq qnln}f|



\DGEDO\DGEDO

Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m

\DGEDO


:# Qngd|}qk mn Lfc}dmfmn| Ck Mn|rflhfmf| rkq qnln}f|

rfqf Jfqofldf| mn R~n|}k| t Lnc}qk| mn \fe~m

\DGEDO\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO\ G


LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\Dc|}q~l}dk rfqf ne eencfmk mn ―Qngd|}qk mn Lfc}dmfmn| Ck Mn|rflhfmf|



\DGEDO\DGEDO8

Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m

\DGEDO


LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\

Lfc}dmfm ]k}fe0

Rkq lfmf onmdlfonc}k qngd|}qfmk |n fck}fqæ fe jdcfe mneon| ef lfc}dmfm }k}fe ck f}ncmdmf ü mn|rflhfmf#

Nefakqfmk rkq0

Fck}fq ckoaqn| t frneedmk| mn ef rnq|kcf v~n qnfedpf ne

qngd|}qk

Lfc}dmfm ]k}fe0

6:

N|}qneef Rfqfï|k

r g r rkq qnln}f| rfqf Jfqofldf| mn R~n|}k| t Lnc}qk| mn \fe~m‟

LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\

^cdmfm mn \fe~m0

Fck}n ne ckoaqn mn ef ^cdmfm mn \fe~m v~n eencf n|}ndcjkqon

O~cdldrdk0

Fck}n ne ckoaqn mne o~cdldrdk fe l~fe rnq}ncnln ef^cdmfm mn \fe~m

On| mn Qngd|}qk0

Fck}n ne on| fe v~n lkqqn|rkcmn ne dcjkqon#

Lümdgk0

\n qnjdnqn fe lümdgk mne rqkm~l}k v~n frfqnln nc ef

ed|}f aæ|dlf mn onmdlfonc}k|# Ek| onmdlfonc}k| lkcckoaqn lkonqldfe ck |n fck}fqæc n|}n mf}k#

Mn|lqdrldüc mne onmdlfonc}k0

\n qnjdnqn fe ckoaqn mn ek| onmdlfonc}k|# Fv~ï

|n fck}fqæc ek| ckoaqn| mn ek| onmdlfonc}k| ckmn|rflhfmk| |nfc ä|}k| ek| v~n n|}æc nc ef Ed|}f

Aæ|dlf ü fv~neek| v~n j~nqkc rqn|lqd}k| lkc ckoaqn

lkonqldfe#

^+O0



Qnln}f|0

\n nc~onqfc ef lfc}dmfm ck mn|rflhfmf rkq lfmf

qnln}f ck f}ncmdmf# N`% Qnln}f Ck# 6% >2 lær|~ef|mn fordldedcf ck mn|rflhfmf|% qnln}f ck#1 (k}qk

rfldnc}n$ <> lær|~ef| mn fordldedcf ck mn|rflhfmf|#

Rfqf qnlkenl}fq n|}n mf}k |n mnanqæ qnzd|fq ef qnln}fck f}ncmdmf ef v~n e~ngk mn fck}fq ef lfc}dmfm |n en

mnzkeznqæ fe rfldnc}n#

Lnc}qk mn \fe~m0 Ef N|}qneef

Ncnqk/122:

O~cdldrdk0 Ef Jekq

Lümdgk0 266:2168

Rfqfln}foke (Fln}fodckjnc$ |~rk|d}kqdk <22 og#

Mn|lqdrldüc

Rfqfln}foke (Fln}fodckjnc$ |~rk|d}kqdk <22 og#

^cdmfm mn Onmdmf

\~r#

6 1 < = > : <2 <6

= > 7 2 2 2 2 2



<

\DGEDO\DGEDO




\DGEDO


<# \d|}nof mn faf|}nldodnc}k

N

| ne lkc`~c}k mn fl}dzdmfmn| v~n lkcm~lnc f ofc}ncnq ef| lfc}dmfmn|fmnl~fmf| mn dc|~ok| mn fl~nqmk f ef mnofcmf v~n rqn|nc}fc ek| mdjnqnc}n|

cdznen| mn qn|ke~ldüc#

Rfqf ne ekgqk mn ~c faf|}nldodnc}k krkq}~ck mn dc|~ok| t lkc|dmnqfcmk ef

mnofcmf f|ï lkok ef lfrfldmfm jï|dlf dc|}fefmf nc n|}faenldodnc}k| mn |fe~m% |nn|}faenlnc rnqïkmk| mn qnfaf|}nldodnc}k v~n ofc}ncgfc ek| cdznen| mn nxd|}ncldf|cnln|fqdk| |ngðc ne cdzne mn qn|ke~ldüc#

Ek| rnqdkmk| mn qnfaf|}nldodnc}k (jqnl~ncldf mn rnmdmk|$ n|}faenldmk| nc neOdcd|}nqdk mn \fe~m |kc ek| |dg~dnc}n|0

N|}faenldodnc}k mn \fe~m Rnqïkmk mn Qnfaf|}nldodnc}k

Feofläc mn \DEFD\ Adon|}qfeonc}n (mn fl~nqmk fe lfencmfqdk mn md|}qda~ldüc mne LDR\$

Feofläc O~cdldrfe Adon|}qfeonc}n (|dc Feofläc mn \DEFD\$ (mn fl~nqmk fe lfencmfqdk mn md|}qda~ldüc mne LDR\$

Feofläc O~cdldrfe Onc|~feonc}n ü Adon|}qfe (f oæ| }fqmfq ek| rqdonqk|(lkc feofläc mn \DEFD\$# ldclk mïf| mne on| |dg~dnc}n fe rnqïkmk qnrkq}fmk$#

Jfqofldf mn Lnc}qk| mn \fe~m \nofcfeonc}n (f oæ| }fqmfq ek| mïf| E~cn| rkq ef }fqmn |dg~dnc}n f ef |nofcf v~n |n n|}æ qnrkq}fcmk$#

R~n|}k| mn \fe~m Onc|~feonc}n ü Adon|}qfe

(f oæ| }fqmfq ne 18 mne on| mne rnqïkmk qnrkq}fmk$

Ne faf|}nldodnc}k mn dc|~ok| f ef| ~cdmfmn| mn |fe~m |n qnfedpf mn fl~nqmk fek| rnqïkmk| mn qnfaf|}nldodnc}k oncldkcfmk| nc ef }faef fc}nqdkq f }qfzä| mnrnmdmk| ckqofen|# \dc noafqgk% r~nmnc nxd|}dq |d}~fldkcn| v~n fonqd}nc ~crnmdmk mn nonqgncldf#

\DGEDO\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO\DGEDO


Rnmdmk ckqofe0



\DGEDO\DGEDO

Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m

\DGEDO


Dc}nqrqn}fldüc mne ~`k rfqf rnmdmk| mn R~n|}k| mn \fe~m0

‡ Ef |kedld}~m mn dc|~ok| rfqf r~n|}k| mn \fe~m }dncn ~cf jqnl~ncldf onc|~fe#N|}f |kedld}~m |n qnfedpfqæ nc ne dc|}q~onc}k mne \DGEDO n|}faenldmk% ne v~n

mnanqæ |nq nc}qngf fe qn|rkc|faen mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| o~cdldrfe rk|}nqdkq fef jnlhf mn lkq}n n|}faenldmf#

‡ Nc ne Lnc}qk mn \fe~m lfanlnqf% ne qn|rkc|faen mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|lkc|kedmfqæ onc|~feonc}n ef dcjkqofldüc mne okzdodnc}k mn ek| dc|~ok|oämdlk| mn }kmf| ef| ^cdmfmn| mn \fe~m v~n rnq}ncnlnc f |~ qnm mn|nqzdldk|# E~ngk ne O~cdldrdk hfqæ |kedld}~m mn |~ rnmdmk nc |~ Qnv~d|fO~cdldrfe f |~ cdzne |~rnqdkq n|}faenldmk9 nc n|}n lf|k fe feofläc mn \DEFD\#

‡ F cdzne mne \DEFD\9 ne qn|rkc|faen mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| lkc|kedmfqæ efdcjkqofldüc mn |~| o~cdldrdk| rfqf nefakqfq |~ |kedld}~m mn rnmdmk| fe LDR\9ef v~n rqnzdfonc}n |nqæ qnzd|fmf nc ef Mdqnlldüc mn Ckqofldüc mn Dc|~ok|Oämdlk| (MCDO$# (Ek| qn|rkc|faen| mnanqæc nc}qngfq ef af|n mn mf}k| f efMCDO nc ne okonc}k v~n |kedld}nc |~ rnmdmk$#

‡ Ef Mdqnlldüc mn Ckqofldüc mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| lkc|kedmfqæ ef dcjkqofldücnc ~cf af|n mn mf}k| ef v~n en rnqod}dqæ lkc}fq lkc dcjkqofldüc |kaqn neokzdodnc}k mn }kmk| ek| dc|~ok| oämdlk| f cdzne cfldkcfe#

‡ Ne Lnc}qk mn Dc|~ok| rfqf ef \fe~m (LDR\$ nc}qngfqæ ek| rnmdmk| mn fl~nqmkf ef| lfc}dmfmn| |kedld}fmf| nc e k| dcjkqon| n|}faenldmk|#

N| ~c rnmdmk q~}dcfqdk v~n |n qnfedpf nc ek| rnqdkmk| mn qnfaf|}nldodnc}k n|}faenldmk|#

Rnmdmk mn nonqgncldf

N| ~c rnmdmk ck q~}dcfqdk v~n |n qnfedpf l~fcmk |n rqnzä v~n hfaqæ fgk}fodnc}k mndc|~ok|% fc}n| mn ef jnlhf n|}faenldmf rfqf ne rqüxdok rnmdmk fe cdzne |~rnqdkq#

Rnmdmk| nx}qfrqkgqfofldkc k nx}qfrefc0

N| ~c rnmdmk v~n |n qnfedpf fmdldkcfe f ef rqkgqfofldüc nefakqfmk mnadmk f efcnln|dmfm mn gfqfc}dpfq ~c faf|}nldodnc}k fmnl~fmk f ef| ̂ cdmfmn| mn \fe~m# Nc n|}nlf|k n|}n rnmdmk r~nmn |kedld}fq|n fmdldkcfe fe rnmdmk ckqofe#

Fegkqd}ok| rfqf ne ~`k mn ef dcjkqofldüc

Dcjkqon| f ~}dedpfq rfqf |kedld}fq rnmdmk|

6# \DEFD\ v~n l~nc}fc lkc feoflncn| qngdkcfen|

6#6 Rnmdmk| mnR~n|}k| mn \fe~m0 R~n|}k mn \fe~m0

Lkc}qke mn Okzdodnc}k mn Dc|~ok|Oämdlk| rfqf Jfqofldf mn

Lnc}qk mn \fe~mJqnl~ncldf0 Onc|~fe

O~cdldrdk0 Qnv~d|f O~cdldrfe

Jqnl~ncldf0 Onc|~fe

\DEFD\0Qnv~d|f mn \DEFD\

Jqnl~ncldf0 Adon|}qfe

MCDO Qnzd|f t qn|rfemf mf}k|

LDR\

Nc}qngf rnmdmk|





\DGEDO\DGEDO

Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m

\DGEDO


Dc}nqrqn}fldüc mne ~`k0

‡ Nc ne lf|k mn ef| Jfqofldf mn Lnc}qk| mn \fe~m% ne qn|rkc|faen mnanqæ eencfq mk|dc|}q~onc}k|0 \nofcfeonc}n mnanqæ qnfedpfq ef |kedld}~m mn rnmdmk nc ef ―Qnv~d|fmn Jfqofldf‟ mne \DGEDO# T fmnoæ| onc|~feonc}n mnanqæ nc}qngfq ne ―Lkc}qke mnOkzdodnc}k mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| rfqf Jfqofldf mn Lnc}qk mn \fe~m‟#

‡ Nc ne Lnc}qk mn \fe~m lfanlnqf |n en| faf|}nlnqæ |nofcfeonc}n mn fl~nqmk fe

lfencmfqdk n|}faenldmk#

‡ Ne qn|rkc|faen mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| o~cdldrfe lkc|kedmfqæ onc|~feonc}n efdcjkqofldüc mne okzdodnc}k mn ek| dc|~ok| oämdlk| mn }kmf| ef| ̂ cdmfmn| mn \fe~mdcle~tncmk r~n|}k| t lnc}qk| mn |fe~m rnq}ncnlnc f |~ qnm mn |nqzdldk|# E~ngk ne

O~cdldrdk hfqæ |kedld}~m mn |~ rnmdmk nc |~ Qnv~d|f O~cdldrfe f |~ cdzne |~rnqdkq n|}faenldmk9 nc n|}n lf|k fe feofläc mn \DEFD\#

‡ Ne qn|rkc|faen mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| mn \DEFD\ lkc|kedmfqæ ef dcjkqofldüc mn|~| o~cdldrdk| rfqf nefakqfq |~ |kedld}~m mn rnmdmk| fe LDR\9 ef v~n rqnzdfonc}n|nqæ qnzd|fmf nc ef Mdqnlldüc mn Ckqofldüc mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| (MCDO$# (Ek|qn|rkc|faen | mnanqæc nc}qngfq ef af|n mn mf}k| f ef MCDO nc ne okonc}k v~n

|kedld}nc |~ rnmdmk$#

‡ Ef Mdqnlldüc mn Ckqofldüc mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| lkc|kedmfqæ ef dcjkqofldüc nc ~cf

af|n mn mf}k| ef v~n en rnqod}dqæ lkc}fq lkc dcjkqofldüc |kaqn ne okzdodnc}k mn}kmk| ek| dc|~ok| oämdlk| f cdzne cfldkcfe#

‡ Ne Lnc}qk mn Dc|~ok| rfqf ef \fe~m (LDR\$ nc}qngfqæ ek| rnmdmk| mn fl~nqmk f ef|

lfc}dmfmn| |kedld}fmf| nc ek| dcjkqon| n|}faenldmk|#

6#6 Jfqofldf| mn Lnc}qk| mn \fe~m

Lnc}qk mn \fe~m0

―Lkc}qke mn Okzdodnc}kmn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk|

rfqf Jfqofldf mn Lnc}qkmn \fe~m‟

Jqnl~ncldf0 Onc|~fe

Lnc}qk mn \fe~m0―Qnv~d|f mn Jfqofldf‟

Jqnl~ncldf0 \nofcfe


Jqnl~ncldf0 Onc|~fe

\DEFD\0Qnv~d|f mn \DEFD\

Jqnl~ncldf0 Adon|}qfe

MCDOQnzd|f t qn|rfemf mf}k|

LDR\Nc}qngf rnmdmk|

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1# O~cdldrdk| v~n ck l~nc}fc lkcfeoflncn| qngdkcfen|



\DGEDO\DGEDO8

Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m

=

g

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MCDOQnzd|f t qn|rfemf mf}k|

LDR\

Nc}qngf rnmdmk|

Dc}nqrqn}fldüc mne ~`k0

Nc n|}n je~`k ef zfqdfc}n n| v~n ne o~cdldrdk ck l~nc}f lkc feoflncn| fcdzne mn \DEFD\#

‡ Nc ne Lnc}qk mn \fe~m lfanlnqf |n lkc|kedmfqæ onc|~feonc}n ef dcjkqofldücmne okzdodnc}k mn ek| dc|~ok| oämdlk| mn }kmf| ef| ̂ cdmfmn| mn \fe~m v~nrnq}ncnlnc f |~ qnm mn |nqzdldk|# E~ngk ne O~cdldrdk hfqæ |kedld}~m mn |~rnmdmk nc |~ Qnv~d|f O~cdldrfe f |~ cdzne |~rnqdkq n|}faenldmk9 nc n|}n lf|k

fe feofläc mne LDR\#

‡ Ne qn|rkc|faen mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| o~cdldrfe nefakqfqæ |~ |kedld}~m mnrnmdmk| fe LDR\9 ef v~n rqnzdfonc}n |nqæ qnzd|fmf nc ef Mdqnlldüc mnCkqofldüc mn Dc|~ok| O ämdlk| (MCDO$# (Ek| qn|rkc|faen| mnanqæc nc}qngfq ef af|n mn mf}k| f ef MCDO nc ne okonc}k v~n |kedld}nc |~ rnmdmk$#

‡ Ef Mdqnlldüc mn Ckqofldüc mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| lkc|kedmfqæ ef dcjkqofldüc

nc ~cf af|n mn mf}k| ef v~n en rnqod}dqæ lkc}fq lkc dcjkqofldüc |kaqn neokzdodnc}k mn }kmk| ek| dc|~ok| oämdlk| f cdzne cfldkcfe#

‡ Ne Lnc}qk mn Dc|~ok| rfqf ef \fe~m (LDR\$ nc}qngfqæ ek| rnmdmk| mn fl~nqmkf ef| lfc}dmfmn| |kedld}fmf| nc ek| dcjkqon| n|}faenldmk|#

\DGEDO\DGEDO




\DGEDO


=# Okcd}kqnk mne |d|}nof mn

dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc

ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok|% \DGEDO

N| ne lkc`~c}k mn flldkcn| v~n rnqod}nc znqdjdlfq% nc jkqof lkc}dc~f% v~n ef|fl}dzdmfmn| ekgï|}dlf| f|dgcfmf| f lfmf cdzne mn qn|ke~ldüc |n n|}äc qnfedpfcmk

lkqqnl}fonc}n# Lkc ne okcd}kqnk% |n r~nmn dmnc}djdlfq ef |d}~fldüc fl}~fe f}qfzä| mn ef qnzd|düc mn qngd|}qk|% qnrkq}n| n dcjkqon| (Dcjkqon| mn Okzdodnc}k tQnv~d|f mn |kedld}~m mn dc|~ok|$ k rkq onmdk mn lkc|~e}f| (qfmdk% jfx% }neäjkck%lkqqnk% n/ofde$ lkc ne rnq|kcfe dczke~lqfmk#

Rqkrü|d}k| mne okcd}kqnk

‡ Dmnc}dlfq ne fzfcln mne mn|fqqkeek mn ef| fl}dzdmfmn|#

‡ Dmnc}dlfq krkq}~cfonc}n ek| jfl}kqn| }älcdlk| t fmodcd|}qf}dzk| v~n dc}nqnqnc nc ne \d|}nof Ekgï|}dlk#

‡ ]kofq mnld|dkcn| dconmdf}f|#

‡ Gfqfc}dpfq ne l~oredodnc}k mn ek| n|}æcmfqn| t qng~efldkcn| n|}faenldmf| nc ef| ckqof| dc|}d}~ldkcfen|#



=#1 Qn|rkc|fadedmfmn| nc ef dorenonc}fldkc mne=#6 \~rnqd|düc mne j~cldkcfodnc}k mne \d|}nof mn



\DGEDO\DGEDO

Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m

\DGEDO


\d|}nof Ekgd|}dlk |ng~c cdnen| mn qn|ke~ldüc

Rfqf gfqfc}dpfq ne fmnl~fmk j~cldkcfodnc}k mne \d|}nof Ekgï|}dlk mn Dc|~ok|Oämdlk| n| cnln|fqdk lkcklnq t rkcnq nc rqæl}dlf ef| qn|rkc|fadedmfmn| mn lfmfcdzne mn qn|ke~ldüc0

D# CDzNE LNC]QFE

f$ Mdqnlldüc mn Ckqofldüc mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk|0

‡ Lkc|kedmfq adon|}qfeonc}n ef| qnv~d|f| o~cdldrfen| t mn \DEFD\ rfqf dc|~ok|oämdlk|#

‡ Fcfedpfq rnqdümdlfonc}n ef dcjkqofldüc md|rkcdaen f jdc mn }kofq mnld|dkcn| mn

ofcnqf krkq}~cf#

‡ Okcd}kqnfq t |~rnqzd|fq ef| qnv~d|f| f }qfzä| mn ef| af|n| mn mf}k| nczdfmf|rkq ek| \DEFD\ t+k o~cdldrdk| mn|lnc}qfedpfmk|#

‡ Qn}qkfedonc}fq f ek| \DEFD\ t+k o~cdldrdk| mn|lnc}qfedpfmk| flnqlf mn ek|f|rnl}k| rk|d}dzk| t ek| v~n cnln|d}fc qnjkqpfq#

‡ F~}kqdpfq nc }dnork t jkqof ef| lfc}dmfmn| mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| |kedld}fmk| rkq

ek| \DEFD\ t+k o~cdldrdk| f }qfzä| mn ef| qnv~d|f| n|}faenldmf| nc ne \DGEDO#

‡ Qnfedpfq zd|d}f| mn lfork f ek| cdznen| eklfen| f jdc mn nzfe~fq nej~cldkcfodnc}k mne \DGEDO#

a$ Lnc}qk mn Dc|~ok rfqf ef \fe~m (LDR\$0

‡ Gfqfc}dpfq ne l~oredodnc}k mn ef| ckqof| mn feoflncfodnc}k n|}faenldmf|#

‡ Mn|rflhfq f ek| \DEFD\ t+k o~cdldrdk| ef| lfc}dmfmn| mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|f~}kqdpfmf| rkq ef MCDO nc ek| dc|}q~onc}k| mne \DGEDO n|}faenldmk|#

‡ Gfqfc}dpfq ne l~oredodnc}k mn ef| ckqof}dzf| mn lkc}qke mn dcznc}fqdk|n|}faenldmf|#

‡ Okcd}kqnfq ek| cdznen| mn nxd|}ncldf| mn ek| mdjnqnc}n| dc|~ok| rnqdümdlfonc}n#

Dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef Gn|}düc Ekgï|}dlf mn Dc|~ok| \DGEDO

Ef| }fqnf| mn ~c |~rnqzd|kq |kc0

‡ Nekgdfq t qnjkqpfq ne a~nc mn|nornök#

‡ Frktfq f ek| |~rnqzd|fmk| ft~mæcmken| f ka}ncnq ek v~n cnln|d}fc rfqf hflnq

~c a~nc }qfaf`k#

‡ ]qfaf`fq lkc ne rnq|kcfe f |~ lfqgk rfqf qn|keznq krkq}~cfonc}n ek| rqkaenof|nclkc}qfmk|#

‡ Dmnc}djdlfq ef| cnln|dmfmn| mn lfrfld}fldüc mne rnq|kcfe t qnjkqpfqek|#

‡ Lfrfld}fq fe rnq|kcfe mn ef| hfadedmfmn| cnln|fqdf| k hflnq ek| fqqngek|cnln|fqdk| rfqf v~n qnldafc ef lfrfld}fldüc#

‡ Mfq |ng~dodnc}k f ek| rqkaenof|#

‡ F|ng~qfq v~n |n lkckplfc t |n |dgfc ek| edcnfodnc}k| mn ef ekgï|}dlfn|}faenldmk|#

Rfqf neek |n mnanc n|}faenlnq ef| qn|rkc|fadedmfmn| t j~cldkcn| mne rnq|kcfe mn

fl~nqmk fe cdzne mn qn|ke~ldüc#



a$ Qn|rkc|faen| mn Feofläc mn \DEFD\0DD# CDzNE MN \DEFD\



\DGEDO\DGEDO

Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m

\DGEDO


‡ Rfq}dldrfq nc ef qnlnrldüc mn ek| dc|~ok| oämdlk| nc}qngfmk| adon|}qfeonc}nrkq ne LDR\#

‡ Gfqfc}dpfq ne l~oredodnc}k mn ef| ckqof}dzf| mn lkc}qke mn dcznc}fqdk| tfeoflncfodnc}k n|}faenldmf|#

l$ Qn|rkc|faen mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| mn \DEFD\ (\dc Feofläc mn \DEFD\$#

‡ Qnzd|fq ef qnv~d|f o~cdldrfen| mn lfmf ~ck mn ek| o~cdldrdk| rqnzdk f efnc}qngf f ef Mdqnlldüc mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk|#

‡ Gfqfc}dpfq ef nc}qngf mn ef af|n mn mf}k| mn ek| o~cdldrdk| lkc ef dcjkqofldücfl}~fedpfmf lfmf znp v~n qnfedln ef |kedld}~m mn dc|~ok| fe LDR\#

‡ Fcfedpfq rnqdümdlfonc}n ef dcjkqofldüc md|rkcdaen f jdc mn }kofq mnld|dkcn| mnofcnqf krkq}~cf#

‡ Okcd}kqnfq t |~rnqzd|fq ne eencfmk mn ek| Dc|}q~onc}k| mne \DGEDO nc ef|^cdmfmn| mn \fe~m mn |~ }nqqd}kqdk#

‡ Qn}qkfedonc}fq f ek| O~cdldrdk| |kaqn ef| mnadedmfmn| dmnc}djdlfmf|#

‡ Gfqfc}dpfq v~n ne mn|rflhk mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| |n qnfedln f }qfzä| mn ek|dc|}q~onc}k| mne \DGEDO#

‡ Qnfedpfq zd|d}f| mn lfork f ef| ~cdmfmn| mn |fe~m lkqqn|rkcmdnc}n| f jdc mnnzfe~fq ne j~cldkcfodnc}k mne \DGEDO#

‡ Ofc}ncnq n|}qnlhf lkkqmdcfldüc lkc ef| mnrncmncldf| mn ef MCDO nc ne CdzneLnc}qfe#

f$ Qn|rkc|faen mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| mn \DEFD\ (̂ cdmfmn| lkc Feofläcqngdkcfe$#

‡ Lkc|kedmfq ef dcjkqofldüc mne okzdodnc}k mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| mn |~|o~cdldrdk|#

‡ Nefakqfq adon|}qfeonc}n ef qnv~d|f mn \DEFD\#

‡ Nc}qngfq ef af|n mn mf}k| lkc ef dcjkqofldüc fl}~fedpfmf lfmf znp v~n qnfedlnef |kedld}~m mn dc|~ok| fe LDR\#

‡ Qnod}dq adon|}qfe ef qnv~d|f mn \DEFD\ f ef MCDO nc n|}qdl}k l~oredodnc}k| fek| rnqïkmk| mn qnfaf|}nldodnc}k n|}faenldmk|#



‡ Qn}qkfedonc}fq f ek| O~cdldrdk| |kaqn ef| mnadedmfmn| dmnc}djdlfmf|#

‡ F~}kqdpfq nc ek| Dc|}q~onc}k| mn \DGEDO n|}faenldmk| ef| lfc}dmfmn| mndc|~ok| oämdlk| f mn|rflhfq|n f ek| O~cdldrdk|#






O~cdldrdk| v~n l~nc}fc lkc feoflncn| f cdzne mne \DEFD\DDD# CDZNE MN O^CDLDRDK\0



\DGEDO\DGEDO

Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m

\DGEDO


f$ Qn|rkc|faen mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| O~cdldrfe (LKC feofläc nc \DEFD\$0

‡ Nefakqfq onc|~feonc}n ef qnv~d|f o~cdldrfe mne \DGEDO#

‡ Nc}qngfq ef af|n mn mf}k| lkc ef dcjkqofldüc fl}~fedpfmf lfmf znp v~n qnfedln ef

|kedld}~m mn dc|~ok| fe \DEFD\ (nc ne lf|k mn ek| o~cdldrdk| gqfcmn| v~n l~nc}fclkc lkor~}fmkqf|$#

‡ Qnod}dq onc|~feonc}n (k adon|}qfeonc}n$ ef qnv~d|f o~cdldrfe f ef MCDO ncn|}qdl}k l~oredodnc}k| f e k| rnqïkmk| mn qnfaf|}nldodnc}k n|}faenldmk|#



‡ Qn}qkfedonc}fq f ef| ̂ cdmfmn| mn \fe~m |kaqn ef| mnadedmfmn| dmnc}djdlfmf|#

‡ F~}kqdpfq nc ek| Dc|}q~onc}k| mn \DGEDO n|}faenldmk| ef| lfc}dmfmn| mndc|~ok| oämdlk| f mn|rflhfq|n f ef| ̂ cdmfmn| mn \fe~m



‡ Ofc}ncnq n|}qnlhf lkkqmdcfldüc lkc ef| mnrncmncldf| mn ef MCDO nc ne \DEFD\#

a$ Qn|rkc|faen| mn Feofläc O~cdldrfe (lkc feofläc nc \DEFD\$0

‡ Rfq}dldrfq nc ef qnlnrldüc mn ek| dc|~ok| oämdlk| nc}qngfmk| adon|}qfeonc}n üonc|~fe rkq rfq}n mne \DEFD\

‡ Gfqfc}dpfq ne l~oredodnc}k mn ef| ckqof}dzf| mn lkc}qke mn dcznc}fqdk| tfeoflncfodnc}k n|}faenldmf|#

‡ Nc}qngfq rnmdmk| f ef| ̂ cdmfmn| mn \fe~m nc ek| jkqof}k| n|}faenldmk|#

O~cdldrdk| v~n ck l~nc}fc lkc feoflncn| f cdzne mne \DEFD\

f$ Qn|rkc|faen mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| O~cdldrfe (|dc feofläc nc \DEFD\$0

‡ Nefakqfq adon|}qfeonc}n ef qnv~d|f o~cdldrfe mne \DGEDO#

‡ Nc}qngfq ef af|n mn mf}k| lkc ef dcjkqofldüc fl}~fedpfmf lfmf znp v~n qnfedlnef |kedld}~m mn dc|~ok| fe LDR\9 rqnzdfonc}n qnzd|fmf rkq ne+ef qn|rkc|faen mn

Dc|~ok| Oämdlk|#

‡ Qnod}dq adon|}qfe ef qnv~d|f o~cdldrfe f ef MCDO% (rqnzdf qnzd|düc mne \DEFD\$ nc

n|}qdl}k l~oredodnc}k| f e k| rnqïkmk| mn qnfaf|}nldodnc}k n|}faenldmk|#



‡ Qn}qkfedonc}fq f ef| ̂ cdmfmn| mn \fe~m |kaqn ef| mnadedmfmn| dmnc}djdlfmf|#

‡ F~}kqdpfq nc ek| Dc|}q~onc}k| mn \DGEDO n|}faenldmk| ef| lfc}dmfmn| mn dc|~ok|oämdlk| f mn|rflhfq|n f ef| ̂ cdmfmn| mn \fe~m

‡ Gfqfc}dpfq v~n ne mn|rflhk mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| |n qnfedln f }qfzä| mn ek|

dc|}q~onc}k| mne \DGEDO#



a$ Qn|rkc|faen| mn Feofläc o~cdldrfe (|dc Feofläc mn \DEFD\$0

‡ Rfq}dldrfq nc ef qnlnrldüc mn ek| dc|~ok| oämdlk| nc}qngfmk| adon|}qfeonc}n rkq ne LDR\#

‡ Gfqfc}dpfq ne l~oredodnc}k mn ef| ckqof}dzf| mn lkc}qke mn dcznc}fqdk| t

feoflncfodnc}k n|}faenldmf|#

‡ Nc}qngfq rnmdmk| f ef| ̂ cdmfmn| mn |fe~m nc ek| jkqof}k| n|}faenldmk|#



Adaedkgqfjf0

Dz# CDzNE MN ^CDMFMN\ RQN\]FMKQF\ MN \NQzDLDK\

f$ Qn|rkc|faen mn Jfqofldf mn Lnc}qk| mn \fe~m



\DGEDO\DGEDO8

Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m

\DGEDO


‡ LML/@\D G~ïf mn ake|deek rfqf ef fmodcd|}qfldüc mn dc|~ok| fc}dlkclnr}dzk|%

Ckzdnoaqn% 1222

‡ Cdlfqfg~f% Odcd|}nqdk mn \fe~m Ckqof Cfldkcfe \d|}nof Ekgï|}dlk mnfc}dlkclnr}dzk| ODC\F+JC^FR 6qf# Nmdldüc Ofcfg~f% 1226

‡ Ofc~fe mne L~q|k nc Fmodcd|}qfldüc ekgï|}dlf rfqf Rqkgqfof| mn \fe~m\nx~fe t Qnrqkm~l}dzf% Rqktnl}k mn Fmodcd|}qfldüc Ekgï|}dlf rfqf

Refcdjdlfldüc Jfodedfq+@\D#6444% Fqedcg}kc Zdqgdcdf#

‡ G~ïf| Ekgï|}dlf| rfqf Rqkgqfof| mn Refcdjdlfldüc Jfodedfq LML% +@\D#

‡ Ne \~odcd|}qk mn onmdlfonc}k|% Ofcfgnonc} \ldncln| jkq Hnfe}h% |nqdn|Rfe}nx rfqf n`nl~}kqn| mn rqkgqfof| mn |fe~m#

‡ Ofc~fe mn ]feenq |kaqn Ekgï|}dlf mn Dc|~ok| Fc}dlkclnr}dzk|# Rqktnl}k mn

Fmodcd|}qfldüc Ekgï|}dlf @\D+JERO% Faqdde 1222#

Adaedkgqfjf0‡ Nefakqfq onc|~feonc}n ne Dcjkqon mn Lkc}qke mn okzdodnc}k| mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|

rfqf Jfqofldf mn Lnc}qk mn \fe~m mne \DGEDO#

‡ \kedld}fq |nofcfeonc}n ek| dc|~ok| nc ef Qnv~d|f rfqf Jfqofldf n|}faenldmf nc ne\DGEDO#

‡ Qnod}dq onc|~feonc}n Dcjkqon mn Lkc}qke mn okzdodnc}k| mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|

rfqf Jfqofldf mn Lnc}qk mn \fe~m fe qn|rkc|faen mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| mneo~cdldrdk#


‡ Okcd}kqnk t znqdjdlfldüc mn ek| cdznen| mn nxd|}ncldf| onc|~feonc}n#

‡ Rfq}dldrfq nc ef qnlnrldüc mn ek| dc|~ok| oämdlk|

‡ Feoflncfq fmnl~fmfonc}n ek| dc|~ok| fc}dlkclnr}dzk| nc}qngfmk| rkq nefeofläc o~cdldrfe#


a$ Qn|rkc|faen mn R~n|}k| mn \fe~m

‡ Nefakqfq onc|~feonc}n ne Dcjkqon mn Okzdodnc}k t \kedld}~m mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|rfqf R~n|}k| mn \fe~m mne \DGEDO#

‡ Qnod}dq onc|~feonc}n Dcjkqon mn Okzdodnc}k t \kedld}~m mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|

rfqf R~n|}k| mn \fe~m mne \DGEDO fe qn|rkc|faen mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| mneo~cdldrdk#


‡ Okcd}kqnk t znqdjdlfldüc mn ek| cdznen| mn nxd|}ncldf| onc|~feonc}n#

‡ Rfq}dldrfq nc ef qnlnrldüc mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|

‡ Feoflncfq fmnl~fmfonc}n ek| dc|~ok| nc}qngfmk| rkq ne feofläc o~cdldrfe#


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