presentation 2(enm)

8/7/2019 Presentation 2(enm)

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It is an international agreement betweengovernments

It was conceived in the spirit of international cooperation to safeguard certain species fromoverexploitation

It was drafted as a result of a resolution

adopted in 1963 at a meeting of members ofIUCN (International Union for Conservation ofNature and Natural Resources)



CITES (Convention on International Trade ofEndangered Species of Wild Flora & Fauna) regulatesthe removal of species from the wild conditions andtrade across international borders .CITES Appendicesare of 3 Categories (I, II, III)- Appendix I lists thethreatened species, Appendix II includes those whichare vulnerable and Appendix III includes specieswhich require close vigil. The CITES Appendices are

periodically revised at the conference of the parties andthe species are also shifted from one Appendix toanother or deleted as required, depending on thesituation.



Other International Organization for BiodiversityConservation are:

IUCN (International Union for Conservation of

Nature and Natural Resources) Species Survival Commission (SSC)

TRAFFIC (Trade Record Analysis of Flora andFauna in Commerce)

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)

World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC)



Widespread awareness about endangeredstatus of prominent species such as tiger andelephant.

Outcome of international discussions ofregulation of wild life for conservation

Realizing the fact that international wildlife

trade is to be worth billions of dollars &include hundreds of millions of plants &animal specimens

Overexploitation of certain species



The text of the Convention was finally agreed at a meetingof representatives of 80 countries in Washington DC.,United States of America, on 3 March 1973, and on 1 July1975 CITES entered in force. The original of the Conventionwas deposited with the Depositary Government in the

Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish languages,each version being equally authentic.

CITES is an international agreement to which States(countries) adhere voluntarily. States that have agreed to bebound by the Convention ('joined' CITES) are known asParties. Although CITES is legally binding on the Parties ²

in other words they have to implement the Convention ² itdoes not take the place of national laws. Rather it provides aframework to be respected by each Party, which has toadopt its own domestic legislation to ensure that CITES isimplemented at the national level.



The Parties (member States) to CITES arecollectively referred to as the Conference of theParties. Every two to three years, the

Conference of the Parties meets to review theimplementation of the Convention. Thesemeetings last for about two weeks and areusually hosted by one of the Parties. The

meetings are often referred to as ¶CoPs·



It is an organization to provide leadership andencourage partnership in caring for theenvironment by inspiring, informing, and

enabling nations and peoples to improve theirquality of life without compromising that offuture generations



The CITES Secretariat is administered by UNEP and is located atGeneva,Switzerland. It has a pivotal role, fundamental to the Convention and itsfunctions are laid down in Article XII of the text of the Convention. They include:

playing a coordinating, advisory and servicing role in the working of the

Convention;

assisting with communication and monitoring the implementation of the

Convention to ensure that its provisions are respected;arranging meetings of the Conference of the Parties and of the permanentCommittees at regular intervals and servicing those meetings (i.e. organizingthem, preparing and circulating meeting documents, making necessaryarrangements for delegates to attend the meetings, providing advice and support,etc.);

providing assistance in the fields of legislation, enforcement, science andtraining;

undertaking, under agreed programmes , occasional scientific and technicalstudies into issues affecting the implementation of the Convention;

making recommendations regarding the implementation of the Convention



The Standing Committee provides policy guidanceto the Secretariat concerning the implementation of

the Convention and oversees the management ofthe Secretariat's budget. Beyond these key roles, itcoordinates and oversees, where required, thework of other committees and working groups;carries out tasks given to it by the Conference of

the Parties; and drafts resolutions for considerationby the Conference of the Parties



These committees of experts were establishedat the sixth meeting of the Conference of theParties (Ottawa, 1987) to fill gaps in biological

and other specialized knowledge regardingspecies of animals and plants that are (or mightbecome) subject to CITES trade controls. Theirrole is to provide technical support to decision-

making about these species.



The species covered by CITES are listed in three appendices,according to the degree of protection they need.

Appendices I and II

Appendix I includes species threatened with extinction. Tradein specimens of these species is permitted only in exceptional

circumstances Eg: Bovidae Antelopes , Canidae Bush dog , giantpanda , volcano rabbit , stinkwood , woolly lemurs.etcAppendix II includes species not necessarily threatened withextinction, but in which trade must be controlled in order toavoid utilization incompatible with their survival.Eg Cyathea ,

Euphorbia trigona, UrsidaeAppendix III

This Appendix contains species that are protected in at least onecountry, which has asked other CITES Parties for assistance incontrolling the trade. Eg. Antilope cervicapra (Nepal)



The core administrative costs of the Secretariat, theConference of the Parties and its subsidiary bodies, theStanding Committee and the other permanent committees,are financed from the CITES Trust Fund. This Trust Fund isreplenished from contributions from the Parties to the

Convention based on the United Nations scale ofassessment, adjusted to take account of the fact that not allmembers of the United Nations .Any activity that is notfunded by the Trust Fund requires funding from externalsources. These externally funded projects or activities areusually derived from Resolutions and Decisions adopted at

the meetings of Conference of the Parties.Besides fundscoming from Governments, non-governmental and inter-governmental organizations and companies are also sourcesof external funding for CITES projects.



CITES works by subjecting international trade inspecimens of selected species to certain controls. All

import, export, re-export and introduction from thesea of species covered by the Convention has to beauthorized through a licensing system. Each Partyto the Convention must designate one or moreManagement Authorities in charge of administering

that licensing system and one or more ScientificAuthorities to advise them on the effects of trade onthe status of the species.



� CITES (Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of WildFlora & Fauna) regulates the removal of species from the wild conditionsand trade across international borders.

� CITES Appendices are of 3 Categories (I, II, III)- Appendix I lists thethreatened species, Appendix II includes those which are vulnerable andAppendix III includes species which require close vigil. The CITES

Appendices are periodically revised at the conference of the parties andthe species are also shifted from one Appendix to another or deleted asrequired, depending on the situation.

� Roughly 5,000 species of animals and 28,000 species of plants areprotected by CITES against over-exploitation through international trade.They are listed in the three CITES Appendices. The species are grouped inthe Appendices according to how threatened they are by international

trade. They include some whole groups, such as primates, cetaceans(whales, dolphins and porpoises), sea turtles, parrots, corals, cacti andorchids. But in some cases only a subspecies or geographically separatepopulation of a species

presentation 2(enm)

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