investigación y ciencia 330 - marzo 2004

7/23/2019 Investigacin y ciencia 330 - Marzo 2004

1/99

3 = = 6 > 26 2 8 1 6 64

6 6 8 8 6

@B^WI >6645/56 EUÎ

OB DCQCXCIK XE\UBO EK BTBOLSJ MBOB\CBX EK HIOCXCIK

BTI@IXDEO EXVBHCIS DEO TCE@VI

BTI@IXDEO EXVBHCIS DEO TCE@VI

NBXEX @IOEHUOBÊX

DE OB EXRUCWIAÊKCB

ETKIHOC@BTIOIMCB DE OIX BKDEX

OB V^C@E^B HBOHUOBDI^B DE @BKI

VE^DCDB DE XCKHÎKCB

EK OIX EHIXCXTE@BX


2/99

@b~wi de >664Kè~i 886

Mbob|cbx ek hiocxckOiu~dex Qe~dex-@iktekem~i

Ob c`bmek de uk ukcqe~xi exttchi eckùtbnoe dcxtb ùhli de ob ~ebocdbd+Obx mbob|cbx xik xcxte`bx hb`ncbktex ruexua~ek t~bkxai~`bhcikex exvehtbhuob~ex

dencdi b ob ckte~bhhck ekt~e ukbx s it~bx+

Ob dcqcxck xe|uboek btbolsjCbk Lidde~

Eo `bsi~ vinobdi keiotchi hikihcdikix ~eqeob bomukbx hobqex xin~e oixvbveoex rue hi~~exvikdbk b hbdb xe|iek obx xihcedbdex bm~hiobx b~hbchbx

Xcxte`bx de cdektcachbhckvi~ ~bdcia~ehuekhcbîs ]bkt

Sb lbnctuboex ek xcxte`bx dexemu~cdbd s hbnckbx teoeakchbx/obx etcruetbx de cdektcachbhck vi~~bdcia~ehuekhcb xe hikgumbk hikukcdbdex oehti~bx vb~b ~ebocwb~kuè~ixix v~ihexix lbxtb bli~bhikacbdix bo exaue~wi lu`bki+

8LBHE+++56/ 266 s 256 bix+

4

BVUKTEXLi~tchuotu~b+++Axchb+++Ncioimb+++Meih~ikioimb+++@ehkchb+++Bxt~iki`b+

84HCEKHCB S XIHCEDBDBhuotu~bhck de cdb s queotb/hikim~bab kiqilcxvbkb ek Exvbb+++Hiktb`ckbhck/Devu~bhck nciomchb de mbxex+

81

46


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)8

Btiìx deo exvbhcis deo tce`viOee Xìock

Ve~hcncìx eo exvbhci s eo tce`vi hiì xcaue~bk hiktckuix/ ve~i xc ob tei~b de obm~bqedbd huktchb de nuhoex aue~b hi~~ehtb/extb~bk ai~`bdix vi~ eoeèktix dcxh~etix+

1

Ob hu~cixb lcxti~cbde ob v~cè~b hbohuobdi~bde `bkiHocaa Xtioo

Xe oob`bnb Hu~tb s aue v~iqcdekhcbovb~b xu ckqekti~ hubkdi xe qciek uk hb`vi de hikhekt~bhck kbwc+

V~dcdb de xckh~ikbek oix ehixcxte`bxDbkceo M~ixx`bk

Hik eo bdeobkti de obx te`ve~btu~bx

v~c`bqe~boex/ obx exvehcex ckte~devekdcektexde kuè~ixix ehixcxte`bx vce~dekob xckh~ikb+

1664 Xhcektcach Bè~chbk Ckh+/ 425 @bdcxik Bq+/ Ke} Si~j K+ S+ 2662=+

Hivs~cmlt >664 V~ekxb Hcektachb X+B+ @uktbke~/ 883 v~bo+ 2+b 62 Nb~heoikb ,Exvbb#

êxe~qbdix tidix oix de~ehlix+ V~ilcncdb ob ~ev~iduhhck ek tidi i ek vb~te vi~ kckmk èdci èhkchi/ aitim~achi i eoeht~kchi/bx hiì huboruce~ hobxe de hivcb/ ~ev~iduhhck/ ~emcxt~i i t~bkx`cxck vb~b uxi vnochi i v~cqbdi/ xck ob v~eqcb buti~cwbhckexh~ctb deo edcti~ de ob ~eqcxtb+ Eo ki`n~e s ob `b~hb hiè~hcbo XHCEKTCACH B@E^CHBK/ bx hiì eo oimitcvi hi~~exvikdcekte/

xik v~ivcedbd e|houxcqb de Xhcektcach Bè~chbk/ Ckh+/ hik husb ochekhcb xe utcocwbk bru+

CXXK 6>26281\ Dev+ oembo7 N+ 8


5/99

CKQEXTCMBHCK S HCEKHCB/ `b~wi/ >664 8

+++hckhuektb bix

EXTBOOCDI S HIKT^BHHCIK7 Rue ukb tei~b vobktee ruekuext~i ukcqe~xi xe ckchc b vb~tc~ de ukb hikhekt~b-hck e|t~e`b de `bxb s ~bdcbhck xuxhctb ob v~emuktbde hì lbn~b ooembdi eo ùkdi b exe extbdi+ Obxa~ùobx ~eobtcqcxtbx kix dchek rue obx dcxtcktbx vi~-hcikex deo ukcqe~xi xe xevb~bk hik ukb eke~mb ruexin~evbxb obx aue~wbx de bt~bhhck ke}tikcbkb ekt~eeoobx+ E|t~bviobkdi exbx a~ùobx lbxtb eo ve~idi bk-te~ci~ b rue xe bohbkwbxe eo extbdi de `|c`b hik-hekt~bhck/ lboobìx rue eo ukcqe~xi denc de~~u`nb~xexin~e x `cxì/ hik ob heoe~cdbd/ kc `bsi~ kc èki~/hik rue bli~b xe e|vbkde+ Hikhoucìx bx ek ruekuext~i ukcqe~xi lb e|cxtcdi du~bkte tidb ukb ete~kc-dbd: rue lbxtb lbhe ukix hckhi `co `cooikex de bixaue hikt~bskdixe de `bke~b ukcai~è dexde uk ex-

tbdi de ckackctb ~b~eabhhck: s rue eo ukcqe~xi ext bli~bek voeki ~enite/ dcxve~xkdixe c~~eqe~xcnoeèkte lb-hcb uk extbdi de ckackctb ~b~eabhhck+

Mei~me Mbì}

+++hcek bix

EO BTIOK DE DB^]CK+ Db~}ck dexe b~dcekteèkteuk e|bèk `x hi`voeti de oix b~~ehcaex hi~bockix/ ckxctu+ Ooem bo vukti de e|v~exb~ xu hikqchhck ,ek ukbhb~tb de 2


6/99

BVUKTEX

4 CKQEXTCMBHCK S HCEKHCB/ `b~wi/ >664

Eo eaehti Divvoe~ bmudcwb eo xconcdi de uk t~ek hubk-di xe bv~i|c`b ,obx ikdbx xiki~bx xe bveoitikbk#s oi queoqe `x m~bqe hubkdi xe boegb ,obx ikdbx xeextc~bk#+ Ek eo Hekt~i de Tehkioimb de Xcxte`bxBqbkwbdix NBE/ de N~cxtio/ lbk hikxemucdi ckqe~tc~eo eaehti+ Lchce~ik rue uk c`vuoxi de ikdbx ~enitb~bek ukb nb~~e~b eoeht~kchb ek ~et~ihexi: dcxeb~ik eohc~hucti de ìdi rue obx h~extbx s qbooex deo c`vuoxi~enitbdi ob abxe deo c`vuoxi qcbgbxek ek xektcdihikt~b~ci bo c`vuoxi de ikdbx ek xu hikgukti/ hiì xc

~eìktbxek uk ~i+ Ob a~ehuekhcb deo c`vuoxi ~enitbdibuèktbnb hikai~è ob nb~~e~b ~et~ihedb/ bo ~eqxrue ek eo eaehti Divvoe~+ ,Tkmbxe ek huektb rue oba~ehuekhcb de uk c`vuoxi de ikdbx devekde de ob qe-oihcdbd de abxe/ ki deo ìqc`cekti deo c`vuoxi hikxc-

de~bdi hiì ukb ukcdbd/ i qeoihcdbd de m~uvi+# Exteaekèki vid~b abhcoctb~ uk kueqi hikt~io xin~e obxikdbx eoeht~i`bmktchbx/ hik bvochbhcikex ek èdchckbs teoehiùkchbhcikex+ Hlb~oex Hlic

ACXCHB

Eaehti Divvoe~ ckqe~tcdi

Vetukcbx s nihbx de d~bmk/ ukb qew viockcwbdbx/ ~eduhek xu e|udbhckb~i`tchb+ Oex ~exuotb hixtixb+ Exb eke~mb ob dc~cmek lbhcb it~bx bhtcqc-

dbdex ètbnochbx/ `x kehexb~cbx ek bdeobkte+ Kbtbocb Dudb~eqb/ Aoi~ekheKem~e s xu m~uvi de ob Ukcqe~xcdbd de Vu~due lbk dexhunce~ti oix vi~èki-~ex ìoehuob~ex de ob v~dcdb de a~bmbkhcb de bomukbx aoi~ex+ Uki de oix ck-m~edcektex `x c`vi~tbktex deo b~i`b ex eo ètconekwibti+ Extbx ckqextcmb-di~bx lboob~ik rue obx vetukcbx viockcwbdbx xcktetcwbk etcoeki/ rue a~ekb obv~iduhhck de ob ekwc`b ~exvikxbnoe deo ètconekwibti ek exbx aoi~ex+ Obxnihbx de d~bmk xe nbxbk ek uk xcxte`b de ~ebocèktbhck `x hi`voegi/ek eo rue eo etcoeki s ob v~ivi~hck ekt~e it~ix dix hi`vuextix dete~`ckbkoix kcqeoex de ètconekwibti+ Eo hikihc`cekti de exix èhbkcxìx kbtu~boexde dcx`ckuhck deo b~i`b vid~b xe~ uk v~cè~ vbxi lbhcb ob ~ehuve~bhckde ob a~bmbkhcb de obx vobktbx hiè~hcboex/ rue xe huotcqbk vb~b rue du~ek`x/ b e|vekxbx de xu nuek ioi~+ Xteqe @c~xjs

Ek ob ~bw de kuè~ixix t~bxti~kix/ bx obekae~èdbd de obx qbhbx oihbx s eo ck-xi`kci oetbo/ xe ekhuekt~bk oix v~cikex+ Ve~i

ob hbvbhcdbd de oix v~cikex de bdivtb~ ukbxemukdb ai~`b s de ai~wb~ it~bx v~itekbxb bdbvtb~xe b exb hikacmu~bhck ki xce`-v~e hbuxb dcxaukhcikex heouob~ex: oi ùext~bHEVN/ ukb v~itekb+ Hce~tix e|ve~cèktix~eqeobk rue HEVN/ husb aukhck ki~`bo hik-xcxte ek ob h~ebhck de it~bx v~itekbx ek obxckbvxcx du~bkte ob ai~`bhck de ~ehue~dix/vixee ukb hikai~`bhck bote~kbtcqb+ Ek extbxemukdb hikacmu~bhck hiktckb xcekdi auk-hcikbo: vuede/ bde`x/ ~ehikai~`b~ it~bx v~itekbx+ Obkbtu~boewb v~ckchb de ob HEVN vid~b hikt~cnuc~ b xboqb-mub~db~ ob èì~cb b ob~mi vobwi7 eo extbdi v~ckchi xehb~bhte~cwb vi~ xu ob~mb du~bhck+

Lbnobnb A~eud de ob xuv~exck de dete~-`ckbdix ~ehue~dix+ Uk e|ve~cèkti lb ek-hikt~bdi uk èhbkcxì nciomchi ocmbdi b extb

lcvtexcx a~eudcbkb de ob ~ev~exck+ Oix qi-ouktb~cix èì~cwbnbk v~cè~i vb~egbx deki`n~ex xck ~eobhck bomukb7 i~dbob-huhb-~bhlb+ Ouemi/ bo `c~b~ b ob v~cè~b vbobn~bdeo vb~/ xe oex vedb rue ki ~ehi~db~bk obbhi`vbbkte+ Hubkdi ob ~ev~exck hikxemubdete~ci~b~ eo ~ehue~di de ob xemukdb vbobn~b/ob hi~tewb v~ea~iktbo xe ìxt~bnb `x bhtcqb/xemk uk vbt~k xc`cob~ bo rue xe db hubkdiexb `cx`b ~emck he~en~bo xuxvekde ukb bh-

tcqcdbd axchb+ B ob qew/ eo lcvihb`vi/ hikai~`bdi~ de obèì~cb/ extbnb èkix bhtcqi/ oi rue xume~b rue ob hi~-tewb v~ea~iktbo hikt~iobnb xu hi`vi~tb`cekti+

Hlb~oex Hlic

NCIOIMCB

Tege~ s dextege~ ~ehue~dix

êhue~dix xevuotbdix7 eohe~en~i vixee uk èhb-kcxì nciomchi vb~b ~e-v~c`c~ ~ehue~dix+

Obx vetukcbx vce~dek xu a~bmbkhcb t~bxob viockcwbhck+

LI^TCHUOTU^B

B~i`bx

XLBCMCKITT

,b~~cnb#:KBDCB

XT^BXXE^,

hekt~i#:@B^HT

BUXX

Vlitikchb,bnbgi#

C`vuoxi de ikdbx ki~`bo

Xektcdi de ob abxe

Tce`vi

Tce`vi

C`vuoxi hik eaehti Divvoe~ ckqe~tcdi


7/99


E

o teoexhivci de @ikte Vboi`b~ lb dcqcxbdi ob rue vudce~b xe~ ob ext~eoob

`x ou`ckixb lbxtb bli~b hikihcdb/ ukb mcmbkte de tbk dexhiùkbotb`bi/ rue dexbab obx tei~bx qcmektex+ Eo n~cooi de ONQ 26/ xctubdb bukix 45+666 bix-ouw de ob Tce~~b/ ùotcvochb vi~ 46 eo deo Xio+ Ob ext~eoob `xou`ckixb de kuext~ix hbtoimix/ Vcxtiob/ xoi oi ùotcvochb vi~ xecx+ ONQ 26 tceke ukb `bxb ukbx 256 qehex ob xiob~/ vexe b rue obx tei~bx bhtuboexkcemuek ob vixcncocdbd de e|cxtekhcb b ext~eoobx hik ukb `bxb xuve~ci~ b 2>6qehex ob de kuext~i bxt~i7 xux auemix kuhoeb~ex rue`b~bk oi rue xin~evbxb~bexe o`cte+ Eo hioixi ext ~idebdi de tidb ukb hioehhck de ext~eoobx bki~`b-oex/ ekt~e eoobx ukb ~b~b ext~eoob de keut~ikex `bmktchb+ ONQ 26 s xuxbk`boix qehckix rucw ki kbhcexek de ukb hikt~bhhck m~bqctbti~cb c`vuoxbdbvi~ xu v~ivci vexi/ xcki bo bvobxtb~ ob ikdb de hlirue de ukb xuve~kiqb bukb kune ìoehuob~ rue tuqcexe he~hb+ Hlb~oex Hlic

BXTÎKI@CB

Xuve~ext~eoob

Hi`vb~bdi hik ob ext~eoob ONQ 26/ eo Xio vb~ehe~b uk vobketb ckxcmkcachbkte+

Ob `bsi~b de oix ekxbsix hikhencdix vb~b extudcb~ob hb~~e~b xe lb hekt~bdi ek inxe~qbhcikex e|te~kbxde xu èhkchb+ Ncoimix de ob Ukcqe~xcdbd deo Ki~iextelbk acgbdi xu btekhck ek oix `xhu-oix+ Lbk èdcdi eo ~cemi xbkmukeiek obx vbtbx de ob vcktbdb hi`k/Ku`cdb èoebm~cx+ Xe vekxbnb lbxtb

bli~b rue hbxc tidb ob eke~mb hik-xu`cdb du~bkte ukb hb~~e~b vi~ oix`xhuoix xe dextckbnb b meke~b~ aue~wbhubkdi eo vce ext ek eo xueoi ,abxede vixtu~b#+ Dexhun~ek bli~b rue bde-obktb~ ob e|t~e`cdbd ,abxe de nbtcdb#xe ooeqb bo~ededi~ de ukb hub~tb vb~te

de ob eke~mb rue mbxtbk kuext~ix `ce`n~ix ckae~ci~ex+Vuexti rue obx bqex hi~~edi~bx xik oix xemukdix ègi-~ex qeoihcxtbx nvedix t~bx oix xe~ex lu`bkix/ bac~`bk

extix ckqextcmbdi~ex rue xu t~bnbgivid~b bvi~tb~ qbocixbx hobqex vb~b eohikihc`cekti de ob oihiìhck lu`bkb/hik nekeachcix vitekhcboex vb~b obx te-

~bvcbx ~elbncoctbdi~bx+Hlb~oex Hlic

@EHBKCHB

@b~hb~ eo vbxi

Ob abxe de nbtcdb ek ob hb~~e~b hikxuè`x eke~mb de oi rue xe h~eb lbxtb bli~b+

BOAÊDV

BXCEJB

XhcekheVlitiOcn~b~s,b~~cnb#:GIKA

ECKME^X

LH

i~ncx,hekt~i#:

@EMLBKJ

EKKEDS

Ukcqe~xcdbddeAoi~cdb,bnbgi#

XIO

ONQ 26

Ob dexcktem~bhck deo hb~niki ~bdcbhtcqiex ob nbxe deo v~ckhcvbo `tidi de db-tbhck de ùext~bx bktcmubx+ Ve~i eo ~eoigde ~bdcihb~niki ki `b~hb uk ~ctì hikx-tbkte+ Xux dcqe~mekhcbx hik eo ~eoig de hb-oekdb~ci xe denek b rue ob ~bwk btìx-

a~chb ekt~e eo hb~niki 24 s eo 2> ex qb~cb-noe+ Vb~b ukb hi~~ehtb hbocn~bhck/ xe ti-`bk hiì ~eae~ekhcb oix bkcooix de oix~nioex s it~ix vbt~ikex de tce`vi bnxiou-tix+ Uk m~uvi dc~cmcdi vi~ Jik~bd Lumlek/deo Ckxtctuti ]iidx Lioe de Ihebkim~bab/lb e|tekdcdi ob hbocn~bhck dexde lbhe>1+666 bix lbxtb lbhe 56+666 ,eo hb~-niki ~bdcbhtcqi hbxc dexbvb~ehe `x boode exe tce`vi#+ @cdce~ik eo hb~niki 24 deai~b`ckae~ix vobkhtkchix xevuotbdix ekobx hbvbx de xedcèkti `b~cki/ bkubo-èkte devixctbdbx/ de ob aixb de Hb~cbhi/a~ekte b ob hixtb de Qekewueob+ Hi~~eob-hcikb~ik oix ~exuotbdix hik obx hbvbx de

lceoi bkuboex de uk textcmi de lceoi deM~iekobkdcb+ Uk m~uvi a~bkhx lb bvochbdi

exte `cxì `tidi ext~btcm~achi b uk tex-tcmi xun`b~cki de ob vobtbai~`b cn~chb+B`nix m~uvix de dbtix hikhue~dbk/ dek-t~i de oix `~mekex de e~~i~/ oi rue~eaue~wb ob hikacbkwb ek eo `tidi+ Obkueqb hbocn~bhck ~et~it~be bk `x ek eo

tce`vi obx vcktu~bx ~uvext~ex de ob hueqbde Hlbuqet hi`vb~bnoex b obx m~bkdexin~bx `bmdboekcekxex/ buk hubkdi oixbix rue/ bo vb~ehe~/ ob xevb~bk de eoobxxik `x rue oix t~bkxhu~~cdix ekt~e kixi-t~ix s Botb`c~b i Obxhbu|7 tekd~bk ukix81+666 bix/ ki 82+666+ Bomukix b~rueoi-mix lbk e|v~exbdi dudbx bhe~hb de ob db-tbhck de Hlbuqet: ki vuedek bd`ctc~ ukdexb~~iooi extcoxtchi xeègbkte ek aehlbxtbk te`v~bkbx+ Xck e`nb~mi/ xe xcmuek ek-hikt~bkdi in~bx de b~te v~elcxt~chi ùsbqbkwbdbx/ hiì obx acmu~bx bu~cbhcekxexukb hbnewb de hbnbooi/ uk vgb~i/ ukbrucè~b de lu`bki s aeocki de Liloe

Aeox/ ek Xubncb/ b obx rue xe bt~cnusek`x de 86+666 bix de bktcmedbd+

MEIHÎKIOIMCB

Ukix v~cè~ix tce`vix bk `x ~eìtix

Eo activobkhtik rue xe devi-xctb/ b xu ùe~te/ ek eoaikdi deo ihbki xc~qe vb~b

hbocn~b~ ob dbtbhck vi~~bdcihb~niki+


8/99


Gilbkkex Jevoe~/ Cxbbh Ke}tik/ Oi~d Jeoqck+++tidix obèktb~ik eo tce`vi rue lunce~ik dehikxu`c~ ~ebocwbkdi ive~bhcikex b~ct`tchbxeoeèktboex+ Obx xiouhcikex ruedbnbk ixhu-~ehcdbx vi~ ~cè~ix de aiocix hunce~tix dekè~ix: obx ehubhcikex/ vi~ eoembktex rue

auexek/ dexe`nihbnbk ek vexbdix hohuoix+ Ru kilbn~bk dbdi vi~ ukb hbohuobdi~b de `bki hbvbw dexu`b~/ ~extb~/ ùotcvochb~ s dcqcdc~" Ukb hbohuobdi~brue ia~ehce~b oix ~exuotbdix e|v~exbdix sb ek dmctix/rue tuqce~b èì~cb s ukb ckte~abw xekhcoob rue xe`bkegbxe ncek hik oix dedix+

Ve~i lbxtb 234= ki xe dcxvuxi de ukb `ruckb bx+Du~bkte eo hub~ti de xcmoi xcmucekte/ obx ègi~ex hbo-huobdi~bx de `bki ooemb~ik de Ocehltekxteck+ Ek extevbx `ckxhuoi/ de vbcxbgex bovckix s vb~bxix acxhb-oex/ Hu~t Le~wxtb~j hikxt~us ob `ruckb hbohuobdi~b`x ckmekcixb rue gb`x lbn~b de bdi~kb~ ob `bkide uk ckmekce~i7 ob hbohuobdi~b Hu~tb+

Oix bkukhcix de obx vmckbx ackboex de XhcektcachBè~chbk v~iètbk ek oix bix xexektb ukb vbkbhebb~ct`tchb7 Ob Hu~tb ex ukb hbohuobdi~b de v~ehcxck

rue ~exueoqe tidbx obx ive~bhcikex b~ct`tchbx+ Xu`b/~extb/ ùotcvochb/ dcqcde/ lboob ~bhex hubd~bdbx s h-nchbx+++ egehutb huboruce~ hohuoi rue vuedb xu~mc~ ekob hcekhcb i ek eo hiè~hci+++ Dcxvikcnoe b v~uenb+++V~ehci7 2>5 dob~ex+

Eo ckxt~uèkti tidbqb oi vixeek bomukix bai~tu-kbdix ~ehue~db ùhli b uk ìockcooi de vc`cektb+êbocwb tidbx obx ive~bhcikex de ukb hbohuobdi~b eoeht~-kchb tvchb/ ve~i ex ekte~bèkte èhkchb7 ki tcekevcobx/ kc vbktboob de h~cxtbo orucdi/ kc tehobdi+ Vb~bxu`b~ lbs rue mc~b~ ukb `bkcqeob+

Ukb xu`bdi~b de hue~db9 Bx ex+ Extis bxcekdiob Hu~tb hik ob `bki cwruce~db s hbohuobkdi hik ob

de~ehlb+ Vb~b xu`b~ dix kè~ix/ oix ckt~iduwhi è-dcbkte ukix verueix nitikex dexocwbktex s lbmi mc-~b~ ob `bkcqeob+ Eo ~exuotbdi bvb~ehe ek ukbx qektbkc-oobx dcxvuextbx ek h~huoi ek ob tbvb xuve~ci~+ Exti xrue ex db~oe queotbx b uk v~inoe`b+

Ob `ruckb ùotcvochb s dcqcde/ bukrue vb~b lboob~eo v~iduhti de dix kè~ix m~bkdex denek db~xe 26 i>6 queotbx b ob `bkcqeob+ Ki tceke ckte~~uvti~ devuextb ek `b~hlb: uk b~i/ ùs ahco de bhhcikb~ hikeo kdche/ vike b he~i ob èì~cb+ Vi~ oi rue xe ~e-ace~e b ~bhex hubd~bdbx i hnchbx/ ob qe~dbd ex ruelbs rue ooeqb~ hikxcmi ukbx tbnobx exvehcboex s ~ehi~-db~ ukix hubktix bomi~ctìx vb~b bn~eqcb~ oix hohu-oix+

Ki xe t~btb de ukb ~emob de hohuoi/ hbvbw xoi de~exuotbdix bv~i|c`bdix hik t~ex i hubt~i hca~bx dehc-`boex+ Xik 22 obx hca~bx rue/ hik uk oeqe hlbxrucdi/bxi`bk vi~ obx qektbkbx de ob vb~te xuve~ci~+ Tbo qewxu hbohuobdi~b eoeht~kchb ki ia~ewhb ~exuotbdix hikukb v~ehcxck de 22 hca~bx+

Ob Hu~tb ooeqb b hbni hohuoix b~ct`tchix/ x/ ve~ilbs rue oob`b~ob vi~ exi texi~i de kuext~b hcqcocwb-

hck s `b~bqcoob de ob thkchb9 Vi~ ru oix hi-oehhcikcxtbx hidchcbk extix b~teabhtix/ xc huboruce~ hbo-huobdi~b nb~btb ive~b ùhli `x qeoiwèkte9

Tbktb bd`c~bhck kbhe de ob xekxbhck de eoembkhcbs xemu~cdbd rue bhi`vbb b xux c`v~excikbktex hbvb-hcdbdex b~ct`tchbx+ Oix hu~xi~ex rue ckt~iduhek oixkè~ix hi~~ek hik deochbdewb lbxtb eo oumb~ rue oex

Ob hu~cixb lcxti~cb

de ob v~cè~bhbohuobdi~b de `bkiXe oob`bnb Hu~tb s aue v~iqcdekhcbo vb~b xu ckqekti~

hubkdi xe qci ek uk hb`vi de hikhekt~bhck kbwc

Hocaa Xtioo

TCKB]EXT

2+ XE^B UK @IOCKCOOI DE VC@CEKTB9 Uk ingetcqi aitim~-achi9 Uk bacobdi~ de ovchex/ tbo qew9 Ki/ ex ukb hbohuobdi~bèhkchb de `bsi~ v~ehcxck rue ùhlbx de obx eoeht~kchbx+@cde xoi 26 h` de botu~b s 5 h` de dcèt~i+


9/99


10/99

< CKQEXTCMBHCK S HCEKHCB/ `b~wi/ >664

hi~~exvikde+ Ob `bkcqeob mc~b hikob `cx`b xubqcdbd rue obx bmugbxde uk nuek ~eoig de nioxcooi+ Obx hc-a~bx ekhbgbk ek xu oumb~ xck exaue~wikc deì~b+ Hbdb kè~i ext m~b-nbdi ek `bmkexci: vcikex de bhe~ixe ekhb~mbk de oix hohuoix+ Ob Hu~tb~ik~ikeb `cekt~bx hbohuob+

Extbnb vekxbdb vb~b rue auexexekhcooi hbohuob~+ Ooeqb/ vb~b eqctb~oix e~~i~ex/ qektbkbx vb~b oix ive-~bkdix/ vb~b ckdchb~ eo kè~i dequeotbx rue xe oe lbk dbdi b ob `b-kehcoob s vb~b eo ~exuotbdi+ Ukb ex-vehce de verueix vextcooix ve~`cteve~hcnc~ bo tbhti hukdi xe lb hb~-mbdi uk dmcti s hukdi ext ocxtieo ~exuotbdi+ Oix e~~i~ex xik ahc-oex de ekèkdb~: uk xemu~i c`vcderue xe vuedbk ai~wb~ oix ekm~bkb-gex lbhcekdi mc~b~ ob `bkehcoob ekxektcdi hikt~b~ci bo dencdi+ Tb`vihi

ex vixcnoe ni~~b~ eo ~exuotbdi vi~e~~i~/ vi~rue ki ex vixcnoe bhhci-kb~ ckqiouktb~cbèkte eo bkcooi devuextb b he~i+

Ob hbohuobdi~b Hu~tb hi`nckb obv~ehcxck de uk ~eoig xucwi/ ob b~-texbkb de ukb hoxchb h`b~b Kc-jik A s ob eoembkhcb de uk qbox/ tidieooi hi`v~c`cdi ek uk hi`vbhti hc-ockd~i+ Ek 2353/ deg nirucbnce~tixb oix ckmekce~ix+ Ukb hbohuobdi~brue hbnb ek eo nioxcooi" S oi `xbxi`n~ixi de tidi e~b rue tbo bvb-~bti lbnb xu~mcdi deo kbdc~ de obhcqcocwbhck7 eo hb`vi de hikhek-t~bhck de Nuhlek}bod+

Dcahco `ckcbtu~cwbhckBo cmubo rue oix v~iaexcikboex de li-mbi nuxhbk oix i~dekbdi~ex `xocqcbkix/ oix ckmekce~ix s oix hik-tbnoex de bktbi xuxvc~bnbk vi~ ukb`ruckb `bte`tchb vi~ttco+ Tli`bxde Hio`b~ hikxt~us ukb `ruckb

xu`bdi~b vb~b ob E|vixchck de Vb~xde 2+ H~ehc~idebdi de hbohuobdi~bx+ Xu vbd~eqekdb ek Qcekb `ruckbx de iac-hckb de obx `b~hbx Nu~~iumlx sê`ckmtik+ Bo hbni de ukix bix/ob ab`cocb bn~c ukb an~chb de hbo-huobdi~bx+ Ob e`v~exb tuqi |cti/ seo giqek Hu~t xe ekhikt~ e|lcncekdivi~ tidb Buxt~cb eo aukhcikb`cektide xux `ruckbx de xu`b~+

Du~bkte ob V~cè~b Mue~~b @uk-dcbo v~iduge~ik `bte~cbo nochi+ Ooe-

mbdb ob vbw/ dete~ci~bdb i dext~ucdbob `bruckb~cb/ xu vbd~e xe dedchb ob qektb de hbohuobdi~bx uxbdbxlbxtb rue xe vudce~b ~ehikxt~uc~ obabhti~b+ Xu~mce~ik/ vi~ it~b vb~te/kueqix hi`vetcdi~ex/ ekt~e eooixA~ctw ]botle~/ hikxt~uhti~ de vcxti-obx buti`tchbx/ bvu~bdi ek exe i-èkti b hbuxb deo dexb~è vixn-ochi+ ]botle~/ qcekdi ivi~tukcdbdexek oix erucvix de iachckb/ dedchxu an~chb de b~`bx b v~iduhc~ xu-`bdi~bx eoht~chbx+

Oix abn~chbktex de hbohuobdi~bxv~iocae~b~ik ek oix bix t~ecktb+ Ve~ilbnb ek eo è~hbdi ùkdcbo ukbde`bkdb ki hunce~tb/ ~eèì~b~bLe~wxtb~j bix dexvux+ Boo dikdecnb è tivbnb hik hi`vetcdi~ex rueia~ehbk ruckbx b~bqcooixbx/ hb-~bx s m~bkdex+ Ve~i hubkdi lbnobnbhik uk `bext~i de in~bx/ uk b~ruc-tehti i uk aukhcikb~ci de bdubkbx/è dehbk7 Kehexcti ukb `ruckb

rue è ruevb ek eo nioxcooi s xc~qbvb~b hbohuob~+ Ki vuedi qcbgb~ 26jcoèt~ix lbxtb ob iachckb xoi vb~bxu`b~ ukbx hubktbx hiou`kbx de k-è~ix+

Bomukix abn~chbktex/ hiì @ik-~ie/ A~cdek s @b~hlbkt/ t~btb~ik de~eduhc~ eo tb`bi de xux ìdeoixm~bkdex de xin~eèxb/ b ob `bke~bde uk ~eoige~i rue rucxce~b `ckcb-tu~cwb~ uk ~eoig de vb~ed vb~b ab-n~chb~ uk ~eoig de vuoxe~b/ ve~i kituqce~ik m~bk |cti+ Bo qcxctb~ bk-tchub~cix vuede rue kix tiveìxhik bomukb de obx hbohuobdi~bx ek`ckcbtu~b de bktbi+ Ob xu`bdi~bocme~b de @b~hlbkt vexbnb ukix25 jcoix/ dcxvikb de 3 hiou`kbxde nitikex s eo hb~~i ia~ehb 2< oeh-tu~bx èhkchbx+ Xin~exbobk vi~xu hixtbdi dix m~bkdex `bkcqeobx+Oix hiktbnoex ob ooeqbnbk b huex-

tbx ek ukb `boetb exvehcbo+ Tbo e~beo xcmkcachbdi de vi~ttco boo vi~2385+

T~bx lbne~ qcxti hì a~bhbxb-nbk obx tektbtcqbx de `ckcbtu~cwb~obx `ruckbx xu`bdi~bx de xin~e-èxb/ Le~wxtb~j/ rue bkdbnb b obxbwk vi~ ob t~ecktekb/ vb~tc de he~i+Hikxcde~ eo v~inoe`b e`vewbkdivi~ eo ackbo+ Xuvikmbìx rue lbsbxcdi ckqektbdi sb tidi oi kehexb-~ci+ Ru bxvehti lbn~b de teke~ob ruckb vb~b rue bomucek vudce~buxb~ob9

Ki vidb xe~ de ai~`b hnchb/kc tb`vihi ukb ~emob7 tekb rue xe~uk hcockd~i/ vb~b vide~ xixteke~obek ukb `bki+ S xixtekcdb ek ukb`bki/ obx bhhcikex kehexb~cbx lbn~bkde lbhe~xe hik ob it~b/ bhtubkdi xi-n~e ob xuve~achce obte~bo/ ob tbvb xu-ve~ci~ s eo aikdi+ Eo ~exuotbdi vid~bbvb~ehe~ ek ob vb~te xuve~ci~+

Le~wxtb~j/ hiì oix nuekix ck-ai~`tchix de lis/ e`vew vi~ obckte~abw de uxub~ci/ s ki hikxcktcrue auexe eo èhbkcxì eo rue hik-

t~iobxe eo dcxei+ Ek oumb~ de utcoc-wb~ uk tehobdi xc`cob~ bo de ukb `-ruckb de exh~cnc~/ ivt vi~ ~ideb~ ukhcockd~i hik hu~xi~ex/ de ìdi rueob ckt~iduhhck de dbtix xe lchce~bdexocwkdioix hik eo vuomb~ u it~idedi+ Xe degbnbk bx ocn~ex uk ~ebek eo hikti~ki de ob hb~b xuve~ci~deo hcockd~i/ bvtb vb~b ìxt~b~ oix~exuotbdix/ s ukb unchbhck bdehubdbvb~b ukb `bkcqeob hik ob rue bh-hcikb~ ob hbohuobdi~b+

êxuèk)Ob Hu~tb Ob v~cè~b hbohuobdi~b de m~bk v~ehcxck rue xe vudi xixteke~ ek

ukb `bki ki aue eoeht~kchb/ xcki èhkchb+ Xu`bnb/ ~extbnb/ ùotc-vochbnb/ dcqcdb s xbhbnb ~bhex hubd~bdbx+ B dcae~ekhcb de obx ~emobxde hohuoi/ bkbomchbx/ ia~ehb eo ~exuotbdi èdcbkte dmctix/ hik ukbv~ehcxck de bo èkix 22+

Xu ckqekti~/ Hu~t Le~wxtb~j/ ob dcxe `cekt~bx extbnb v~exi ek eohb`vi de hikhekt~bhck de Nuhlek}bod/ du~bkte ob Xemukdb Mue~~b@ukdcbo+ Bdivt thkchbx `bte`tchbx s èhkchbx kueqbx hik eo ackde bli~~b~ qiouèk s vexi+

@us utcocwbdb vi~ ckmekce~ix/ tivm~baix s hiktbnoex ekt~e 2356 b23=6/ hbs ek dexuxi hik ob ooembdb de obx hbohuobdi~bx eoeht~kchbxde nioxcooi ek oix bix xetektb+


11/99

It~bx hbohuobdi~bx èhkchbx xeqbobk de uk èhbkcxì ckdcqcdubovb~b hbohuob~ hbdb dmcti deo ~exuo-tbdi+ Ob hbohuobdi~b A~cdek/ vi~ege`voi/ hiktbnb hik 26 hiou`kbxde tehobx vb~b ckt~iduhc~ oix kè-~ix s 26 guemix de ekm~bkbgex deh`vuti/ vexbdix s hb~ix+ Le~wxtb~jxe ve~hbt de rue nbxtb~b hik ukxioi èhbkcxì hbohuobdi~ xc xe bvoc-hbxe b hbdb dmcti de oix dbtix hik-xehutcqbèkte+ Xu hbohuobdi~b tekd~bihli hu~xi~ex vb~b ckt~iduhc~ oixdmctix/ ve~i nbxtb~bk oix dcektex deuk xioi tb`ni~ hekt~bo vb~b eaeh-tub~ obx ive~bhcikex b~ct`tchbx+ Eotb`ni~ oe ve~`ctc~b ~eduhc~ eo tb-`bi s eo vexi de xu `ruckb+

Vb~b 238=/ Le~wxtb~j lbnb cdeb-di ob `bke~b de eaehtub~ ive~bhci-kex b~ct`tchbx èdcbkte uk xioitb`ni~ ~itbtcqi de dcektex+ Ob bdc-

hck s ob ùotcvochbhck extbnbk ve~-aehtbèkte ~exueotbx+ Ve~i eo dc-xei t~i`vchbnb ek ob xuxt~bhhcks ob dcqcxck+ Ki oe e~b vixcnoe ~ex-tb~ lbhcekdi mc~b~ ob `bkehcoob lb-hcb bt~x/ vi~rue ob bdchck de dixdmctix vuede i~cmckb~ uk dmcti ruedenb b~~bxt~bxe/ `cekt~bx rue ob ~extb~eruce~e b èkudi ~inb~ deo d-mcti xcmucekte+ Hik uk xioi tb`ni~b~ct`tchi de dcektex ki e~b vixc-noe `c~b~ lbhcb bdeobkte s qe~ oirue cnb b vbxb~+

Qcbgbnb ek t~ek vi~ ob Xeoqb Ke-m~b/ xioi ek eo devb~tbèkti+ Extbnb`c~bkdi vi~ ob qektbkcoob hubkdixe è ihu~~c7 Ve~i xc xe vuedeinteke~ eo ~exuotbdi de ukb xux-t~bhhck xu`bkdi bo `ckuekdi eohi`voeèkti deo xuxt~bekdi"

Vb~b lboob~ eo hi`voeèkti b 3de uk kè~i nbxtb ~extb~ de 3 hbdbukb de xux hca~bx+ Xe vuede xcù-ob~ ob ~extb de dix kè~ix xu`bkdibo ckuekdi eo hi`voeèkti b 3 deoxuxt~bekdi+ Vi~ ege`voi/ vb~b hbo-huob~ =


12/99

t~bkxh~cnce~ik obx e`cxcikex hik ukb`ruckb de exh~cnc~+ Ob `ruckb auecdektcachbdb: xu v~ivcetb~ci ~exuotxe~ uki de kuext~ix èhkchix+ Oedehbvctb~ik+ Eo it~i aue hikdekbdib v~cxck ve~vetub/ oi rue e~b ù-hli vei~+ T~bt de ckte~qekc~ ek ab-qi~ de eooix bkte ob Mextbvi+ Eoaukhcikb~ci è e|vuox xck `c~b-`cektix/ dchcekdi7 Ru dexhb~i/ rueuk èdci gudi xe bt~eqb b lbnob~ek abqi~ de ve~xikbx hiì xbx"

Auc ckqctbdi b textcachb~ b abqi~de oix detekcdix/ s è detuqce~ik b`+ êmcxt~b~ik `c hbxb+ Dexde oue-mi/ gb`x auc guwmbdi+ @e bhuxb~ikde bsudb~ b gudix/ de ckhctbhck sde teke~ ukb ~eobhck bì~ixb hikukb ùge~ b~cb+ Vu~bx aboxedbdex+@x bdeobkte dexhun~ rue ukb di-hekb de ve~xikbx lbnbk xcdi b~~ex-tbdbx ek hc~hukxtbkhcbx vb~ehcdbx+

Obx XX oe ekhe~~b~ik ek ob ckab-è v~cxck de Vbkj~btw/ dikde xe

ti~tu~bnb b oix gudix+ Hi`vb~tbukb heodb hik it~ix 56 v~exix/ ukbheodb xck kbdb ek bnxiouti/ xck hb-`bx/ xck obqbni/ kbdb+ Lbxtb xe vuededehc~ rue tuqe ob xue~te de rue èekqcb~bk bo hb`vi de hikhekt~b-hck de Nuhlek}bod+

Ukb qew boo è bxcmkb~ik b ukbukcdbd de t~bnbgi ek ob rue h~erue bhbnb~b nbgi tce~~b+ E~b eo èxde kiqce`n~e/ s tidi hubkti tekbe~b ukb hb`cxb/ ukix vbktboikex dev~cxcike~i/ ukix wuehix de `bde~bs ukb mi~~b de obkb+ T~bnbgbnb ekuk lue~ti s extbnb hi`voetbèktebmitbdi+

Exvc~ctuboèkte bkuobdi/ vekxrue denb ì~c~+ @e `bkdb~ik rueè v~exektb~b bo iachcbo de obx XXrue extbnb bo `bkdi deo hb`vi+Tekb ek ob `bki ob lcxti~cb de `cqcdb: è dcgi7 Lb v~iduhcdi uxted

hbocn~bdi~ex s it~ix ckxt~uèktixvb~b eo eg~hcti+ Exhuhle hik btek-hck+ Xc inedehe ext~chtbèkte kuex-t~bx ~dekex vid~ ekhikt~b~ ob qcdbxivi~tbnoe+ Oe i~deki rue t~bnbgeek ob an~chb bkegb bo hb`vi dehikhekt~bhck+ Xc oi lbhe ncek/ tboqew vuedb qcqc~+

Oix kbwcx lbnbk hikxt~ucdi guktib Nuhlek}bod ukb an~chb de `bkide in~b exhobqb dextckbdb b `bruc-kb~cb vb~b v~isehtix `coctb~ex xe-h~etix+ Eo ckmekce~i rue ob dc~cmb oeekhb~m b Le~wxtb~j vcewbx de v~e-hcxck rue lbnbk de xe~ ekqcbdbx bVeeke`kde/ eo ekhobqe dexde dik-de xe obkwbnbk oix `cxcoex nboxtc-hix+ Du~bkte oix dix bix xcmucek-tex/ Le~wxtb~j hikxt~us vcewbx dev~ehcxck vb~b oix hiletex Q>+

Xcekdi eo ~exvikxbnoe de ob xeh-hck rue hikxt~ub vcewbx èhkc-hbx/ Le~wxtb~j tekb rue qcxctb~ dc-ae~ektex oumb~ex de ob an~chb+ Bov~ckhcvci/ it~ix v~cxcike~ix vekxb-~ik rue e~b uk ckai~`bdi~+ Ki tb~-db~ik ek dexhun~c~ rue si ki e~b

uk exvb+ Vi~ ege`voi/ oe dehb boive~bdi~ de ukb `ruckb7 Ext ux-ted lbhcekdi ncek extb vcewb/ b`cmiì+ Ex uxted ckduxt~cixi/ ve~i oelbk i~dekbdi ~ebocwb~ uk v~ihexixekhcooi ek ukb `ruckb hb~b+Ckai~`b~ de rue ob `ruckb ki extxcekdi utcocwbdb eachcekteèkte/ ve~irue eo v~cxcike~i ex ìdochi ek xut~bnbgi+ De exte ìdi ooemu b hi-kihe~ mekte de Ou|e`nu~mi/ deA~bkhcb/ de Dckb`b~hb s de it~ixùhlix oumb~ex+


^CHJAU^^

Hb`vbkbde obx dehekbx

Tb`ni~de dcektex

Bkcooi de ni~~bdi

ûedbde oehtu~bde hca~bx

Hb`vbkbde obx dehekbx

,vb~b ooeqb~oix b~~bxt~ex#

Ege deo hu~xi~

Hu~xi~

Tb`ni~

de dcektex

ûedb de hca~bckt~iduhcdb

Ege

de t~bkx`cxck

Tb`ni~de queotbx

@bkcqeob

@b~hbdi~dehc`bo

Tb`bi ~ebo

UKB @C^BDB B XU CKTE^CI^

HI@I DCHE UK BKTCMUI @BKUBO/ ob ve-rueb Hu~tb ex uk ckxt~uèkti de v~ehcxck+Eo tb`ni~ de dcektex rue eaehtb ob bdchcks ob xuxt~bhhck ,b~~cnb s b ob de~ehlb# huektbhik 8= o`ckbx de èdci `coèt~i de exve-xi~ hbdb ukb+ Ukb vcewb bvb~te/ oob`bdbhb`vbkb de obx dehekbx/ xe ekhb~mb de ooe-qb~ oix b~~bxt~ex+ Hbdb dmcti deo qcxi~ de obtbvb tceke ukb botu~b de 8 `coèt~ix s ex a-hcoèkte oemcnoe b ob dcxtbkhcb deo n~bwi+ Obv~cè~bx Hu~tbx dcxvikbk de ihli hu~xi~exvb~b ckt~iduhc~ oix kè~ix s ia~ehbk 22 dmc-tix ek eo ~emcxt~i de ~exuotbdix+ Qe~xcikexvixte~ci~ex ve~`ctbk ive~bkdix de 22 hca~bxs ia~ehbk 25 ek eo ~exuotbdi+


13/99

Kè~ickt~iduhcdi

Kè~ickt~iduhcdi

Kè~ixu`bdi

Kè~i xu`bdi

62>8451=8451=8451= dcektex/ cekt~bx rue eo qboi~ < oi bockeb~hik ukb o`ckb de uk dcekte: uk 6/ hik ukb de 3 dcektex+ Ukb queotbde ob `bkcqeob xu`b >2/ v~ehedcdi vi~ ukb xe~ce de kueqex lbxtb283+ Hik ovcw s vbveo intekd~bìx uk 2 ek eo e|t~eì cwruce~di deob xu`b/ uk ~exuotbdi e~~kei+ Ve~i ek ob Hu~tb/ eo ege de t~bkx`cxckrue ihuvb ob vixchck cwruce~db e|t~e`b ki tceke vbobkhb de b~~bx-t~e/ vi~ oi rue exe 2 e|t~b dexbvb~ehe+ Ob eoeqbhck de ob `bkcqeobbtcekde tb`nck b it~i v~ivxcti+ Eo ege de t~bkx`cxck hi~~exvik-dcekte b obx ukcdbdex tceke dix ekm~bkbgex de ~ehuekti+ Eo vck bdc-hcikbo hb~ehe de aukhck ek ob xu`b ki~`bo/ ve~i hubkdi xe tc~b de ob`bkcqeob/ ekm~bkb hik oix dcektex de ob o`ckb xctubdb xin~e eo it~iekm~bkbge+ Bo mc~b~ eo tb`ni~/ ob o`ckb xuve~ci~ xu`b 2 b ob hiou`kbde obx ukcdbdex/ lbhcekdi bvb~ehe~ eo ~exuotbdi 12/ ek oumb~ de 16+

Bo dexocwb~ uk hu~xi~/eo ege hi~~exvikdcekte/rue ooeqb ckxh~cti uk

xu~hi exvc~bo/ lbhe mc~b~ukb ~uedb xiocdb~cb hiko ,ob ~uedb de oix k-è~ix ckt~iduhcdix#vb~b degb~ qe~ eo kè~ixeoehhcikbdi+ Eo dexvob-wb`cekti deo hu~xi~lbhe nbgb~ tb`nckuk vck de ~ehuekti/hib|cbo s xiocdb~cihik uk xemukdi ege/eo ege de t~bkx`cxck+Ek exte ege`voi/ eovck de obx dehekbxext xctubdi de ai~`brue vuedb ekm~bkb~hik ukb o`ckb deo

tb`ni~ de dcektex ruevixee t~ex dcektex/s eo vck de obx ukcdb-dex xe xctb gukti b ukbo`ckb deo dcxhi v~iqcx-tb de dix dcektex+

Extb bkcin~b ve~`cterue eo tb`ni~ de dcek-tex mc~e 816 m~bdix/ srue xux dcektex lbmbkmc~b~ oix ekm~bkbgexde hiktei/ s xiocdb-

~cbèkte/ xux egexde t~bkx`cxck+ It~ixvcikex xctubdix ek oiboti de extix egex v~iqi-hbk rue mc~ek obx ~ue-dbx de oehtu~b de hca~bx/rue degbk qe~ uk 8 s uk> ek eo ~emcxt~i de ~exuo-tbdix ,b ob de~ehlb#+

BDCHCIKXu`b~ 8> * 42 * 43

2+ Xe lbhe mc~b~ eo bkcooi deni~~bdi/ vb~b vike~ b he~ieo ~emcxt~i de ~exuotbdixs eo hiktbdi~ de queotbx+

>+ Xe ckt~iduhe eo 8> dexocwbkdilbhcb bnbgi oix dix hu~xi~exxctubdix `x b ob de~ehlb/lbxtb rue bvb~ewhbk oix dmc-tix 8 s > ek obx qektbkbx xc-tubdbx nbgi eo ~tuoi HU^TB,b ob de~ehlb#+

@bkcqeob

1+ Xe ckt~iduhe eo 43/ xe lbhe mc~b~ ob bkehcoob s eo ~exuotbdi ackbo,2>># bvb~ehe ek oi boti+

UKCDBDEX

ûedbde oehtu~b

de hca~bx

DEHEKBX

Vbobkhbdeb~~bxt~e

Qxtbmide b~~bxt~e

Vck deb~~bxt~e

^b`vbde ni~~bdideo b~~bxt~e

Dcektede b~~bxt~e

Vckde hiktei

Uk dcxhi deob hb`vbkb

de obxdehekbx

Vck e|t~bvb~b ob~extb

4+ Xe ckt~iduhe eo 42 utcocwbkdi vi~ xemukdb qew oix hu~xi~exde ukcdbdex s dehekbx+

5+ Xe lbhe mc~b~ ob `bkehcoob vb~b xu`b~ 42 bo ~emcxt~ide ~exuotbdix/ rue bli~b ùext~b =8+

Tb`ni~8+ Xe lbhe mc~b~ ob `bkehcoobukb queotb hi`voetb

êmcxt~ide ~exuotbdix

Bkcooide ni~~bdi

Hiktbdi~ de queotbx,ek aikdi nobkhi#


14/99

Kbtu~boèkte/ oix hb`b~bdbxqekbk s è dehbk7 Hu~t/ t tce-kex hce~tb ckaouekhcb+ Ki vid~bxt~be~ b ob an~chb b tbo i hubo v~exi9Xc ki oi t~bex/ ì~c~+ Bx/ ìktuk vuexti de hikt~io de hbocdbd ekukb xbob de ob an~chb/ vuxe boo buki de oix v~exix/ uk bnimbdi/ s oedc uk `ch~èt~i+

Oix mub~dcbkex XX qcmcobnbkkuext~bx ive~bhcikex/ s xc lbnb ukbbutktchb ckxvehhck/ xe ib uk ~e-vektcki hikhce~ti de tixex+ Eo bni-mbdi xbnb ektikhex rue lbnb ve-ocm~i s xe exai~wbnb ek vb~ehe~bvochbdi+ Ve~i si qcqb bkmuxtcbdi/vi~rue oix hi`vbe~ix xce`v~erue~bk `x de `+ E~b hikxhcektede rue/ de xbne~xe/ extb~b nbgi oba~b tce~~b bo db xcmucekte+ Ve~i eodextcki è bsud ukb qew `x+

Hikai~è oix boe`bkex cnbk ~e-

tc~kdixe de Ctbocb/ xe ooeqbnbk hik-xcmi ob `bruckb~cb+ Uk db ~ehcnc-ìx ek Nuhlek}bod dix hb`cikexde `ruckbx de iachckb+ Oix dex-hb~mu s oix v~ivcetb~cix de an~c-hbx de vi~ boo qckce~ik b ckxveh-hcikb~obx+ Ukb de brueoobx ve~xikbxxe è rued `c~bkdi/ hiì xc èhikihce~b+ Le~wxtb~j9+ X/ Le~w-xtb~j/ oe ~exvikd+ ]botle~/ dcgio b xu qew+

A~ctw ]botle~/ eo bktcmui hi`ve-tcdi~ de Le~wxtb~j/ lbnb queoti babn~chb~ b~`bx+ Deg xin~e uk ti~kiuk vbruete de hcmb~~cooix+ Bli~bxe bhbn tidi/ è dcge+ Ki extb-nb bhbxi ext~chtbèkte v~ilcncdibhevtb~ ~emboix9 @c mub~dck oi qci/ve~i ki rucxi qe~oi+ Xe è ve~`c-tc mub~db~è oix hcmb~~cooix ek eonioxcooi+

Du~bkte eo ve~idi nochi/ ]botle~xe lbnb lehli ùs abìxi+ Ek-tekdc rue eo v~cxcike~i Le~wxtb~je~b `x c`vi~tbkte rue huboruce~nitk ctbocbki/ e ckai~` bo hi`bk-dbkte deo hb`vi de hikhekt~bhck

deo qboi~ de xu hbutcqi+Vihi dexvux/ eo ckmekce~i dc~ehti~

xe ooeq bvb~te b Le~wxtb~j s oe dcgi7Xemk ektcekdi/ lb extbdi uxtedt~bnbgbkdi ek bomi kueqi/ ukb ve-rueb `ruckb de hbohuob~+ Qis behlb~oe ukb `bki+ Qbìx b ve~`c-tc~ rue ob dcnuge s hikxt~usb+ Xcqe~dbde~bèkte aukhcikb/ xe ob ia~e-he~eìx bo Al~e~ hiì ~emboi ukbqew mbkeìx ob mue~~b+ Ektikhex/xck dudb/ xe oe hikhede~ b uxted obhikdchck de b~ci+

@e dcge vb~b `cx bdekt~ix7 Dcixì" Xc oim~i hikxt~uc~ exb hbohu-obdi~b/ xemuc~ qcqi+ Ckèdcbtbèk-te e`veh b dcnugb~ob tbo s hiì oblbnb c`bmckbdi+

Oix XX ki bocqcb~ik obx tb~ebx rueLe~wxtb~j lbnb de ~ebocwb~/ ve~i oeve~`ctce~ik dedchb~ xu tce`vi oc-n~e b ob hbohuobdi~b+ T~bnbg ekeo ckqekti du~bkte obx `bbkbx deoix di`ckmix/ s vi~ obx kihlex/ dex-vux de bvbmb~ obx ouhex+ T~bnbgb-nb ek ob v~cxck/ ek eo tbooe~/ ek eooumb~ dikde hi`bìx+ Dcnug ob`ruckb b ovcw/ ukix vobkix hi`-voetix/ hik xux dcèkxcikex s tioe-

~bkhcbx+Ekt~etbkti/ oix Bocbdix extbnbk

ni`nb~debkdi Boe`bkcb+ B ob li~bdeo boùe~wi xbobìx bo e|te~ci~ deob an~chb+ Qebìx xce`v~e oix bqci-kex bè~chbkix qiobkdi ek ai~`b-hck de ~nio de Kbqcdbd/ xck ukxioi bqck deaekxi~ rue xe oex ivu-xce~b+ Dexvux ooembnbk obx ni`nbx/qebìx oix aimikbwix s hiktnb-ìx CKQEXTCMBHCK S HCEKHCB/ `b~wi/ >664

8+ ÊTÎHEDB@IX 84 BIX s 3 è-xex s qebìx ob Hu~tb bkukhcbdb ek eokè~i de gukci de 2313 de XhcektcachBè~ chbk+ Eo te|ti dche7 Hbohuobdi~bukcqe~xbo ek `ckcbtu~b+ Vexb xoi>86 m~bìx+ HU^TB EX UKB HBOHU-OBDI^B DE VÊHCXCIK RUE Ê-

XUEOQE TIDBX OBX IVE^BHCIKEXB^CT@ETCHBX+ Hu~tb xu`b/ ~extb/ùotcvochb/ dcqcde/ lboob ~bhex hubd~b-dbx i hnchbx/ eaehtb ob ùotcvochbhckhiktckub s kembtcqb/ lboob dexqcbhcikextvchbx s de`x extbdxtchix/ eoeqb bohubd~bdi s b vitekhcbx xuve~ci~ex/ `b-kegb hii~dekbdbx s a~ùobx bxihcbdbxde ob tivim~bab/ s egehutb huboruce~hohuoi rue vuedb xu~mc~ ek ob hcekhcbi ek eo hiè~hci+++ Dcxvikcnoe b v~uenb+V~ehci/ 2>5 dob~ex+ Xiochcte ckai~`b-

hck c`v~exb+


15/99

gudix lucdix de Boe`bkcb bktex derue Lctoe~ ooembxe bo vide~+ Lbnbkxcdi bxcmkbdix b ob qbkmub~dcb vi~-rue lbnobnbk boe`k+

Nuhlek}bod aue eo v~cè~ hb`vide hikhekt~bhck ocne~bdi vi~ obxaue~wbx bocbdbx+ Bomukix xiodbdixki~tebè~chbkix qi`ctb~ik hubkdixe ekhikt~b~ik hik obx vcobx de dcewvcxix de hbdqe~ex+ Bo ~eèì~b~brueooi/ Le~wxtb~j xbhude ob hbne-wb+ E~b ckhi`v~ekxcnoe+ De lbne~xcdi si bnimbdi/ dcmbìx/ de lb-ne~ tekcdi si huboruce~ it~i iachci/lbn~b ùe~ti de ai~`b `cxe~bnoe+@e lbn~bk ekqcbdi b ukb hbkte~b/lbn~b hikt~bdi ukb ekae~èdbdvuoìkb~ b oix vihix dbx/ s xe bhb-n+ @co ù~ce~ik bx+ Dcix s `cv~iaexck è bsudb~ik+

Eo v~khcve hbohuob

Bomukix dbx dexvux de rue oixki~tebè~chbkix ocne~bxek Nuhlek-}bod/ Le~wxtb~j aue bkdbkdi lbxtbob hcudbd de ]ec`b~/ hik xux vob-kix voembdix ek eo nioxcooi+ Oix ooeqb ukb de obx vihbx an~chbx rue xe-mubk ek vce/ dikde oix thkchix oixe|b`ckb~ik+ êhi~dbnb ob ~exvuextb7Aue hiì xc xe oex hbsexe ukb qekdbde oix igix+ Ob xiouhck extbnb hob~b/s ki lbnb rue vekxb~ kbdb `x+B vexb~ de lbne~ xcdi t~bwbdix ekeo hb`vi de hikhekt~bhck/ oix dc-nugix e~bk tbk hob~ix rue xoi xetb~db~ik dix èxex ek hikxt~uc~ t~exv~ititcvix de ob hbohuobdi~b+

Ve~i guxtbèkte hubkdi xe extb-nbk v~evb~bkdi oix hikt~btix/ ooemeo eg~hcti ~uxi+ Le~wxtb~j xbnb huoxe~b eo ~exuotbdi: xe lcwi hik oixv~ititcvix s xe dc~cmc b Qcekb/ hikobx `ruckbx dexìktbdbx/ mub~-dbdbx obx vcewbx ek ukb hbgb+ Xcbomucek lunce~b `c~bdi ek xu ckte-~ci~/ oe lbn~b vb~ehcdi uk gumuete/dcgi+ Oi lbnb dexìktbdi tidi+

Qcbg lbxtb Buxt~cb hiì vudi/

b vce/ du~`cekdi ek eo xueoi i hbk-gebkdi hcmb~~c ooix vi~ uk bxcekti ekeo t~ek+ Ob bktcmub an~chb de xu ab-`cocb extbnb ckxe~qcnoe+ Duei tbkxoi de xux t~ex ìdeoix/ xiochctvbtektex s t~bt de nuxhb~ b bomucekrue ckqc~tcexe ek xu cdeb+ ê`ckmtik-^bkd/ ukb e`v~exb ki~tebè~chbkbde `ruckbx de iachckb/ ìxt~ bomkckte~x/ ve~i ki ooem b oob`b~oe+Eu~ivb/ uk hb`vi de ~uckbx/ hb~ehbde cka~bext~uhtu~b vb~b e`vewb~ kue-qix v~isehtix+

Xck e`nb~mi/ eo v~khcve de Ocehl-tekxteck lbnb extbdi vekxbkdi ekdexb~~ioob~ ob ckduxt~cb de xu vbx+Ocehltekxteck e~b vi~ ektikhex e`c-kekteèkte bm~hiob: xu v~ckhcvbo bh-tcqcdbd ckduxt~cbo hikxcxtb ek ob ab-n~chbhck de dcektex vixtcwix+ Ckqctbdib ob hi~te/ Le~wxtb~j e|lcnc xux ì-deoix bkte oix v~khcvex/ oix `ckcx-t~ix s oix exvehcbocxtbx ek vbtektex+Eo v~ivci v~khcve/ ek xu vbobhci/~ebocw hohuoix hik eoob/ inxe~qbdivi~ `ce`n~ix de xu ab`cocb s vi~v~iaexcikboex+ Ekxemucdb rued ek-tuxcbx`bdi+ Bac~` rue exe v~isehtie~b eo cdkei vb~b xu vbx+ Extuqiekhbktbdi~ hik`cmi: bktuqcìx ukbhikqe~xbhck de hubt~i li~bx+

Tidi aue ncek bo v~ckhcvci+ Ocehl-tekxteck h~e ukb e`v~exb/ Hiktckb+Xe bhi~db~ik h~dctix s e`ctce~ikbhhcikex+ Le~wxtb~j/ rue bhtubnb

de dc~ehti~ thkchi/ ~ehcnc ukb te~-he~b vb~te de obx bhhcikex: oe hi~~ex-vikdbk bde`x ~embobx vi~ hbdb`ruckb qekdcdb+

Le~wxtb~j `bkd vunochb~ bkuk-hcix ek oix ve~cdchix xucwix/ xioc-hctbkdi ehkchix rue rucxce~bk e`-v~ekde~ ukb kueqb hb~~e~b+ Hiktckbboruco eo xbok de nbcoe de uk li-teo: boo/ oix thkchix de Le~wxtb~jhikxt~use~ik obx v~cè~bx 566 hbo-huobdi~bx Hu~tb+ Aue~ik vuextbx bob qektb ek 234< s v~iìhcikbdbxek ae~cbx v~iaexcikboex s ~eqcxtbxthkchbx+ Xecx èxex dexvux/ ukbhbdekb de m~bkdex bo`bhekex extb-diukcdekxe rucxi ekhb~mb~ 26+666ukcdbdex/ hik ukb ivhck vb~b `x+Ve~i ek oumb~ de bae~~b~xe b extevedcdi/ eo dc~ehti~ ackbkhce~i dehc-dc rue e|hedb de ob hbvbhcdbd deob hi`vbb s hikdek b ob Hu~tbb obx qektbx vi~ hi~~ei/ b`k debomukb rue it~b tcekdb exvehcbocwbdb+

Ob de`bkdb e|cxtb/ xck e`nb~mi/s Hiktckb xe e|vbkdc dexde eo xbokde nbcoe lbxtb ukb an~chb v~ivcb-

èkte dchlb+ Ob v~iduhhck xe eoeqb qb~cix hcektix de ukcdbdex bo èx+Ek qcxtb de tboex v~im~exix/ oix ac-kbkhce~ix rue lbnb t~bx ob hi`vbbxemb~ik ob lce~nb nbgi oix vcex deLe~wxtb~j/ ob ~ei~mbkcwb~ik s bku-ob~ik obx bhhcikex deo ckqekti~+ Bocmubo rue Edcxik/ Texob s tbktixit~ix ckqekti~ex/ cnb b xe~ dexvigb-di de oix a~utix de xu h~ebhck+

@e ooem ektikhex uk miove denuekb xue~te rue ki vidb lbne~c`bmckbdi+ Obx vbtektex extbnbk ti-

dbqb b `c ki`n~e+ Ek oix v~cè-~ix tce`vix/ oix xihcix eqctb~ik te-ke~ rue lbhe~xe hb~mi de obx vb-tektex ek hbxi de octcmcix7 v~eac~ce~ikrue auexe Le~wxtb~j rucek ocdcb~bhik obx ~ehob`bhcikex ek hbxi derue xe c`vumkbxe xu ckqekti+ Dbdirue ob hi`vbb ki lbnb ooembdib bdruc~c~ oix de~ehlix de obx vb-tektex/ Le~wxtb~j vudi oim~b~ ruexe bqckce~bk b ~bwikex+ Du~bkte oixdehekcix de 2356 s 2316 xbh v~i-qehli ~ebo de xu ckqekti+

T~bx eo |cti de ob v~cè~b hbo-huobdi~b/ dcxe uk ideoi uk vihi`bsi~: de 22 dmctix xe vbx b 25+Ve~i ek oi xuhexcqi/ ob kchb qb~cb-hck bv~ehcbnoe aue ob ai~`b deo ex-tuhle+ Le~wxtb~j extbnoehc uk ckx-octi ~hi~d ek ob ckduxt~cb de obhi`vutbhck bo bhe~tb~ b ob v~cè~bhik eo dcxei hi~~ehti+

Ob Hu~tb xe aue qekdcekdi hik ~e-muob~cdbd du~bkte dix dehekcix: xeob bkukhcbnb hiì ob hbohuobdi~bukcqe~xbo ek `ckcbtu~b rue hbne ekuk nioxcooi/ acbnoe m~bhcbx b xu hikx-t~uhhck ~bhcikbo s ~inuxtb+ HiìLe~wxtb~j v~ikixtch/ oix ckmekce~ixbxt~ikutchix utcocwb~ik exbx `-ruckbx `cobm~ixbx vb~b hbohuob~ obx~nctbx de xbtoctex/ oix tivm~baixvb~b xux èdchcikex s oix hiktb-noex vb~b hubd~b~ oix ocn~ix+

Tb`nck oix erucvix de ~boocexbdivtb~ik obx Hu~tb+ Oix hivcoitix/xck bvb~tb~ ob qcxtb de ob hb~~ete~b/`bkegbkdi oix kè~ix bo tbhti/vidbk hbohuob~ ~vcdbèkte qeoihc-dbdex s tce`vix vb~b ki xe~ vekb-ocwbdix ek oix hikt~ioex+ Eo verueitb`bi de ob Hu~tb xe bdehubnbncek bo ~eduhcdi lbncthuoi de ukdevi~tcqi s b dcae~ekhcb de obx v~c-è~bx hbohuobdi~bx eoeht~kchbxki xua~b hik oix nbhlex/ obx qcn~b-hcikex i obx xuncdbx de tekxck eoh-t~chb+ Ckhouxi ek kuext~ix dbx/ oixhikduhti~ex de ~boocex de hihlex

bktcmuix dcxa~utbk hbohuobkdi hikèdcix èhkchix+

Bo cmubo rue oix ~eoigex eoht~c-hix de hub~wi dexvobwb~ik b oix ~e-oigex èhkchix de hue~db/ obx hbo-huobdi~bx eoeht~kchbx ehocvxb~ik bockqekti de Le~wxtb~j+ T~bx 256+666ukcdbdex/ ob otc`b hbohuobdi~b Hu~tbxe qekdc b v~ckhcvcix de oix bix23=6+ Ki xe lb abn~chbdi ukb hbo-huobdi~b èhkchb dexde ektikhex+

Le~wxtb~j xe xevb~ de Hiktckb ek`co kiqehcektix hckhuektb s tbktix+



16/99

Bxexi~ b abn~chbktex boe`bkex ectbocbkix+ Qcqb ek uk veruei bvb~-tb`ekti ek Ocehltekxteck7 ek brue-oob vihb/ oix `bmix de ob thkchbki vidbk hi`v~b~xe ackhbx `cooi-kb~cbx+ Eo mince~ki de Ocehltekxteckki oe ~ehikihc xux oim~ix lbxtb ruehu`voc oix


17/99


18/99


Mbob|cbx ek hiocxckOb c`bmek de uk ukcqe~xi exttchi e ckùtbnoe dcxtb ùhli de ob ~ebocdbd+Obx mbob|cbx xik xcxte`bx hb`ncbktex rue xua~ek t~bkxai~`bhcikex

exvehtbhuob~ex dencdi b ob ckte~bhhck ekt~e ukbx s it~bx

Oiu~dex Qe~dex-@iktekem~i

2+ OB @BSI^ VB^TE DE OBX MBOB\CBX deo ukcqe~xi qcqek

ek vb~ex/ m~uvix i hùoix+ Vi~ eooi xua~ek bo èkix ukb

hiocxck ek xux qcdbx+ Ek oix m~uvix dekxix de mbob|cbx

extbx ckte~bhhcikex xik `x aue~tex/ dencdi bo veruei

exvbhci ek rue hie|cxtek xux `ce`n~ix+ Ob c`bmek

ùext~b Lchjxik 21/ m~uvi hi`vbhti ai~`bdi

vi~ xecx mbob|cbx/ hckhi ek ob dcbmikbo s ukb

bnbgi b ob de~ehlb+ Eo mbx bt`chi ,bwuo

hob~i#/ vi~ xe~ ukb hi`vikekte a~mco/

ex dcxve~xbdi ek oix hliruex `x

qcioektbèkte rue obx ext~eoobx/

`x hikhekt~bdbx/ s ai~`b uk

ekt~b`bdi de vuektex s hiobx

de `b~eb rue kix v~ivi~hcikb

ckdchcix xin~e ob hiocxck+


19/99

Obx mbob|cbx xik xcxte`bx hb`-ncbktex/ ki xoi vi~ xu v~i-vcb eqiouhck ckte~kb/ xckitb`nck vi~ ob ckte~bhhckm~bqctbti~cb hik it~bx mbob-

|cbx+ Ob cdeb de rue obx hiocxcikexhikxtctusek uk v~ihexi aukdbèk-tbo ek ob eqiouhck mbohtchb xu~mcb èdcbdix de oix bix =6 s lbxcdi hikac~`bdb vi~ obx v~uenbxbhuùobdbx lbxtb lis+

Obx mbob|cbx xik ckèkxbx an~c-hbx de ext~eoobx/ rue kbhek ek ku-nex hi`vuextbx de mbx dekxi s vioqi/obx kunex ìoehuob~ex+ Ob v~cè~bmeke~bhck de ext~eoobx de ukb mb-ob|cb xe ai~` b vb~tc~ de oix eoe-èktix v~cì~dcboex/ lcd~meki sleoci/ rue xe t~bkxai~`b~ik ek eoe-èktix `x vexbdix/ hiì eo lce-~~i+ Bo ackbo de xu qcdb/ obx ext~e-oobx dequeoqek bo èdci ckte~exteob~

ob `bsi~ vb~te de xu `bxb/ sb xebhikxtctucdbx ek xuve~kiqbx i ek ke-nuoixbx vobketb~cbx: ruedbk bx obxkunex ek~cruehcdbx hik eoeèktixvexbdix/ ocxtix vb~b xu bv~iqehlb-`cekti ek ob ai~`bhck de ukb kueqbext~eoob+ Exte v~ihexi ckchcb ob eqi-ouhck ru`chb de obx mbob|cbx+

Xe v~iduhe/ b xu qew/ ukb eqiou-hck dck`chb/ dencdb bo nbobkhe ek-t~e oix ìqc`cektix ckte~kix de mbxs ext~eoobx s ob aue~wb de ob m~bqe-dbd+ Eooi db oumb~ b bkcooix/ n~bwixexvc~boex s nb~~bx: xtbx xik bockeb-hcikex de ext~eoobx ek ukb ext~uh-tu~b bv~i|c`bdbèkte ~ehtb rue xee|tcekde b b`nix obdix deo khoeide ob mbob|cb+ Ki~`boèkte oix bkc-ooix xe ekhuekt~bk bxihcbdix b ukbnb~~b/ rue bsudb b xu ai~`bhck+Xck e`nb~mi/ ek bomukix hbxix/ hiìek ob mbob|cb t~cvoeèkte bkcoobdbKMH =>2=/ ob nb~~b ki ext v~exekte/bukrue xe bd`cte rue oi extuqi ek

eo vbxbdi+ Ek tidbx extbx ext~uhtu-~bx xe v~iduhe ukb bhuùobhck dembx s vioqi+ Eo hikxcmucekte buèk-ti de dekxcdbd dcxvb~b oix v~ihexixde ai~`bhck exteob~/ vi~ oi rue obeqiouhck dck`chb s ru`chb extkckte~~eobhcikbdbx+

Eqiouhck e|te~kbOb `bsi~b de obx mbob|cbx ki xeekhuekt~bk bcxobdbx/ xcki hikehtb-dbx hik it~bx vi~ ob aue~wb de obm~bqedbd+ Ob eqiouhck e|te~kb deukb mbob|cb qceke dete~`ckbdb vi~ob ckte~bhhck hik mbob|cbx v~|c-`bx/ sb rue obx aue~wbx de `b~ebmeke~bdbx v~iduhek ukb ~edcxt~cnu-hck de ob `bxb/ dekt~i de ob `cx`b

mbob|cb i ek xu e|vuoxck lbhcb eoe|te~ci~+

Obx ckte~bhhcikex vuedek i~cmc-kb~ bhuùobhcikex de mbx ìoehu-ob~ ek oix 8666 bix ouw hekt~boexde obx mbob|cbx/ dikde xe ai~`bkdcxhix hc~hu`kuhoeb~ex dencdi b obv~dcdb de ìèkti bkmuob~ ek eombx rue v~iqihb eo vb~ m~bqctbti-~ci+ Ob hikhekt~bhck de mbx vuededcxvb~b~ qcioektix n~itex de ai~-`bhck exteob~+ Exte t~bkxvi~te dembx lbhcb eo hekt~i de ob mbob|cbvuede qioqe~xe `x eachcekte xc e|cxteukb nb~~b+ De lehli/ bukrue obxnb~~bx tb`nck xe ekhuekt~bk ek mb-ob|cbx xioctb~cbx/ xu a~ehuekhcb ex`bsi~ ek oix xcxte`bx ek ckte~bh-

CKQEXTCMBHCK S HCEKHCB/ `b~wi/ >664 2=

>+ KMH 2866 ex ukb mbob|cb nb~~bdb+ Bx xe deki`ckbk obx rue v~exektbk ukb ext~uh-tu~b exteob~ bv~i|c`bdbèkte ~ehtb/ rue xe e|tcekde b hbdb obdi deo khoei+ Ek oix e|-t~eìx de ob nb~~b e`vcewbk oix n~bwix+ Ob nb~~b bnb~hb 256+666 bix ouw+ Ob mbob|cbext b =5 `cooikex de bix ouw de kixit~ix s ve~tekehe b uk vinobdi m~uvi de mbob|cbx+

8+ KMH =>2= ex ukb mbob|cb bcxobdb de ext~uhtu~b

bkcoobdb+ Xu ouw qcxcnoe ,cwru ce~db# xe dcxt~cnusehik ukb xcèt~b hbxc ve~aehtb+ Ob hi`nckbhckde c`mekex ek obx nbkdbx qcxcnoex bwuo s ~igb,de~ehlb# ~exbotb obx wikbx hik ukb `bsi~ ai~`b-hck exteob~ ,bwuoex# i hik `bsi~ hikhekt~bhckde vioqi ,~igi #+ Ek exte hbxi kix ùext~b rueKMH =>2= v~exektb 8 bkcooix hikhkt~chix/ xcekdieo e|te~ci~ `x v~i`ckekte s de uk hioi~ `xbwuobdi/ dencdi b ukb `bsi~ ai~`bhck exteob~ eko+ Eo ckte~èdci/ `x acki/ xe bv~ehcb hiì ukbhc~hukae~ekhcb qe~de dcxhiktckub: eo ckte~ki xeinxe~qb hiì ukb vxeudihc~hukae~ekhcb ~igb+QE

^DEX-@IKTEKEMÎ

SHIO+,vmckbcwruce~db#:MÛVI

DETEOEXHIVCIXCXBBH

KE]TIK/OBVBO@B,b~~cnb#:

QE^DEX-@IKTEKEMÎ/NIX@BSBTLBKBXXIUOB

,bnbgi#


20/99

2< CKQEXTCMBHCK S HCEKHCB/ `b~wi/ >664

hck+ Dexde ackboex de oix bixihlektb xe xbne rue obx hiocxcikexekt~e mbob|cbx vuedek dete~`ckb~ob bvb~chck de nb~~bx ek oix dcx-hix de obx mbob|cbx+

Uk hbxi e|t~eì deo v~ihexi bk-te~ci~ kix oi ia~ehek obx mbob|cbxuot~bou`ckixbx ek eo cka~b~~igi+ Xevcekxb rue eo t~bkxvi~te de mbx lb-hcb eo hekt~i de extbx mbob|cbx ekobx ckte~bhhcikex v~iduhc~b ek eoobxukb cktekxb bhtcqcdbd de ai~`bhckexteob~/ hboektbkdi eo vioqi he~-hbki b obx ext~eoobx+ Eo vioqi ~ee-`cte ob ~bdcbhck rue ~ehcne ek eouot~bqcioetb b oikmctudex de ikdb ck-a~b~~igbx: v~iqihbk hik eooi rue obx

mbob|cbx e`ctbk ob `bsi~ vb~te dexu eke~mb ek eo cka~b~~igi+ Oix ckx-t~uèktix bhtuboex/ bx eo ckte~ae~-èt~i de C^B@ ek M~ekinoe/ kive~`ctek extudcb~ ek detbooe eo t~bkx-vi~te deo mbx ìoehuob~ lbhcb eo hek-t~i vb~b mbob|cbx xctubdbx `x boode 466 i 566 `cooikex de bix ouwde kixit~ix+

Ki xoi ob ai~`b ek rue extdcxt~cnucdb ob `bte~cb xe qe baeh-tbdb vi~ obx aue~wbx de `b~eb/ xckitb`nck xux qeoihcdbdex+ Ukb mb-ob|cb ek ~itbhck ve~aehtb v~exektbuk hb`vi de qeoihcdbdex husbxcxiokebx bdivtbk ukb dcxt~cnuhckhb~bhte~xtchb/ deki`ckbdb dcbm~b`b

de b~bb vi~ xu xc`coctud hik eobkc`bo/ xcekdi xc`t~chb ~exvehtib oix egex `bsi~ s èki~ de ob mb-ob|cb+

Hubkdi ukb mbob|cb xua~e ukb ve~-tu~nbhck/ xux egex vuedek ve~de~ obve~vekdchuob~cdbd i/ ek meke~bo/ obxcèt~b+ Ek ùhlix hbxix ob ve~-tu~nbhck hikxcxte ek ukb ~itbhck ck-qe~xb i hikt~b~~itbhck ek obx vb~texhekt~boex de ob mbob|cb/ husi i~cmekxe bt~cnuse b ukb auxck ekt~e dixmbob|cbx i b ob ckhi~vi~bhck de ukbverueb ek it~b `bsi~+ Xik tb`ncka~ehuektex oix ìqc`cektix ~bdcboex/ek qew de oix hc~huob~ex de ~itbhck:xuhede bx hik eo t~bkxvi~te de `b-te~cbo lbhcb eo hekt~i+

Hubkdi ek uk hlirue ekt~e dixmbob|cbx eo `bte~cbo xboe e|vuoxbdilbhcb eo e|te~ci~/ bvb~ehek ext~uh-tu~bx bob~mbdbx/ rue xeègbk ob~mbxhiobx i vou`bx/ i rue hikxtctusekuk vuekte de `bte~cb ekt~e obx mb-

ob|cbx+ Eo `bte~cbo esehtbdi vuedeqioqe~ b obx mbob|cbx/ dcxve~xb~xeek eo èdci ckte~mbohtchi i dex-voi`b~xe vb~b ai~`b~ ekbkbx de `b-~eb+ Ek extbx veruebx mbob|cbx/ ~e-xcdui de ob hiocxck/ hie|cxtekext~eoobx v~ihedektex de obx mbob|cbxrue lbk hiocxcikbdi s kueqbx ex-t~eoobx kbhcdbx vi~ ob hikt~bhhck deombx bhuùobdi+

E|cxtek ve~tu~nbhcikex dc~ehtb-èkte bxihcbdbx b dete~`ckbdix tc-vix de ekti~kix7 dexde ob aue~tedcxti~xck xua~cdb vi~ obx mbob|cbxve~tekehcektex b hùoix lbxtb obe|ve~cèktbdb vi~ mbob|cbx ekbkbxhe~hb de mbob|cbx mcmbktex+ Xik tb`-

nck dete~`ckbktex oix tcvix ì~-aiomchix de obx mbob|cbx i obx i~cek-tbhcikex ~eobtcqbx de xux ~nctbx ekob hiocxck+ Dcxtckmuc~eìx ekt~e ck-te~bhhcikex èki~ex s `bsi~ex xemkrue ob dcae~ekhcb de `bxbx ekt~eobx dix mbob|cbx xeb i ki xcmkcachb-tcqb+

Ckte~bhhcikex èki~exUki de oix ege`voix `x exvehtb-huob~ex deo ~exuotbdi de ukb ckte-~bhhck ekt~e dix mbob|cbx de `b-xbx ùs dexcmuboex ex ob ai~`bhckde uk bkcooi viob~/ hikxtctucdi vi~ext~eoobx s mbx/ ~exti de ukb mbob|cbxbtocte/ hik ukb i~cektbhck bv~i-|c`bdbèkte ve~vekdchuob~ b ukbmbob|cb ki~`bo+ Xu inxe~qbhck v~i-vi~hcikb ckai~`bhck ùs qbocixb+Vi~ uk obdi/ ob dcxvixchck deo bkc-ooi xe hi~~exvikde hik ob ~nctbihuvbdb vi~ ob mbob|cb xbtocte: vi~it~i/ ve~`cte extudcb~ eo vitekhcbom~bqctbti~ci ek uk vobki bdchcikbo/ve~vekdchuob~ b ob `bte~cb qcxcnoede ob mbob|cb v~ckhcvbo+

Ek it~ix hbxix ob mbob|cb xbtocteki ruedb ek ~nctb lbxtb xu dex-t~uhhck/ xcki rue ex bnxi~ncdb lbxtbeo v~ivci hekt~i de ob mbob|cb `b-si~+ De eooi dbk ae oix khoeix di-noex rue xe ekhuekt~bk ek bomukbxmbob|cbx+ Exte ìdeoi/ vixtuobdi vi~T+ ^+ Obue~/ ex uki de oix v~ivuextixvb~b e|vochb~ eo xemukdi khoei de-tehtbdi vi~ eo Teoexhivci ExvbhcboLunnoe ek ob mbob|cb @82 ,Bkd~-èdb#+ X+ T~e`bcke lb xume~cdi ukbe|vochbhck bote~kbtcqb: b teki~ deI

NXE^QBTI^CI

EUÎVEI

@E^CDCIKBO

4+ BKCOOI VIOB^ DE OB MBOB\CB KMH 4156b/ husb dcxt~cnuhck t~bwb~b ob ~nctbde ukb mbob|cb xbtocte dext~ucdb ek ob ckte~bhhck+ Eo bkcooi ~itb b ukb qeoihcdbd xc`cob~b ob de ob hi`vikekte exteob~ de ob mbob|cb+

Ki xueoe lbne~ hliruex ekt~e ext~eoobx+ Dcxtbk de`bxcbdi ekt~e x+ DeoXio b xu qehckb `x he~hbkb ,V~i|c`b Hektbu~c# lbs 86 `cooikex de qe-hex xu dcèt~i+ Exti xuvike rue kuext~i bxt~i tekd~b rue qcqc~ 266+666qcdbx vb~b rue e|cxtce~b bomukb v~inbncocdbd de rue hlihb~b hik V~i|c`bHektbu~c+ Ek obx bxihcbhcikex exteob~ex ob dcxtbkhcb xe ~eduhe b 566+666 qe-hex eo dcèt~i xiob~/ s ek oix dekxix hùoix moinuob~ex extb dcxtbkhcb exde 5666 dcèt~ix+

Ve~i ekt~e dix mbob|cbx xioctb~cbx qehckbx xueoe èdcb~ ukb dcxtbkhcberucqboekte b 16 qehex xu v~ivci dcèt~i+ S exti xoi xuhede ek ob hub~tbvb~te de oix hbxix+ Obx t~ex hub~tbx vb~tex ~extbktex de obx mbob|cbx ve~teke-hek b m~uvix i hùoix/ hik oi hubo xua~c~k bo èkix ukb hiocxck ek xuqcdb+ Oix tce`vix tvchix de oix ekhuekt~ix xik de 266 `cooikex de bix+

Vi~ ru obx mbob|cbx hlihbk s obx ext~eoobx ki


21/99

ob `cx`b/ oix dix `|cìx de ouwhi~~exvikde~bk b uk dcxhi de ex-t~eoobx e|hkt~chi/ rue mc~b ek ti~kib uk ingeti ixhu~i hi`vbhti/ rucwxuk bmuge~i kem~i+

B qehex ex ob mbob|cb èkix `b-xcqb ob rue v~iqihb ek ob `bsi~ oixeaehtix `x c`vi~tbktex+ Oi qeìxege`vocachbdi ek ob mbob|cb-bkcooide ob ~uedb de hb~~etb ,Hb~t}leeo#/oob`bdb bx vi~ v~exektb~ uk k-hoei hekt~bo hikehtbdi vi~ ukb xe-

~ce de ~bdcix hik uk bkcooi e|te~ki+Xu ai~`bhck xe bt~cnuse bo vbxide ukb mbob|cb xbtocte b t~bqx deohekt~i de ob mbob|cb di`ckbkte/ v~i-duhcekdi uk eaehti xc`cob~ b ob ikdbe|vbkxcqb i~cmckbdb vi~ ukb vced~bobkwbdb b uk extbkrue7 hubkdi obhi`vbe~b xe bhe~hb/ obx ext~eoobxek ~itbhck bktex de ob hiocxck xikb~~bxt~bdbx lbhcb eo hekt~i/ vuex bob `bxb hekt~bo de ob mbob|cb v~ck-hcvbo xe xu`b ob de ob xemukdb mb-ob|cb/ s bo boegb~xe xe v~iduhe uk~enite lbhcb aue~b+ Ve~i ki tidbx obxvb~tex de ob mbob|cb ~exvikdek hikob `cx`b qeoihcdbd+ Obx ckte~kbx/`x ~vcdbx/ hlihbk ek xu e|vbk-xck hik obx e|te~kbx/ rue tidbqbextk hbsekdi+ Xe meke~b de exeìdi ukb ikdb de hi`v~exck eke|vbkxck rue ai~`b eo bkcooi+

Ckte~bhhcikex `bsi~exObx hiocxcikex dcace~ek xemk eokè~i de mbob|cbx rue ckte~qcekek+Vuedek vb~tchcvb~ vb~ex de mbob-|cbx/ m~uvix cktem~bdix vi~ ukbx de-

hekbx de mbob|cbx i hùoix vinob-dix vi~ hcektix i `coex de mbob|cbx/rue xe e|tcekdek b oi ob~mi de `xde 26 `cooikex de bix ouw+

Hubkdi dix mbob|cbx xe h~uwbk/vuede teke~ oumb~ uk xioi ekhuek-t~i i ai~`b~xe uk xcxte`b ocmbdi/

oi rue oob`bìx uk vb~ de mbob-|cbx+ Ek ob ckte~bhhck vuede db~xet~bxae~ekhcb de eke~mb ekt~e eo ì-qc`cekti i~nctbo de obx mbob|cbx sxux ìqc`cektix ckte~kix/ hik ai~-`bhck hikxcmucekte de hiobx/ vou-`bx s vuektex de `bte~cb+ Exte v~i-hexi vuede te~`ckb~ ek auxck/v~iqihbkdi rue dix mbob|cbx exvc-~boex h~eek ukb mbob|cb eovtchb+ Obv~cè~b deackchck/ sb hoxchb/ deobx etbvbx de obx ckte~bhhcikex ekvb~ex xe dene b B+ Tii`~e/ rucekextbnoehc/ xin~e ob nbxe de dbtixde 22 mbob|cbx vehuocb~ex/ ob xe-huekhcb de Tii`~e+

Xeoehhcikeìx dix ege`voix deoix e|t~eìx de ob xehuekhcb extu-dcbdix vi~ G+ E+ Lcnnb~n s G+ L+ QbkMi~ji`+ Kix xe~qc~k vb~b dexh~c-nc~ oix v~ckhcvboex v~ihexix rue xedexb~~ioobk hikai~è bqbkwb ob ck-te~bhhck ekt~e dix mbob|cbx exvc~b-oex+ Ob etbvb ckchcbo extb~b ncek ~e-v~exektbdb vi~ KMH 41=1 ,Eo^btk#/ vb~ ek ckte~bhhck ai~`bdivi~ dix mbob|cbx husix dcxhix xe ek-

huekt~bk bk xevb~bdix/ bukrue vi~ukb dcxtbkhcb èki~ rue xu tb`bivtchi+ E|cxtek hiobx exteob~ex smbxeixbx/ bx hiì uk vuekte de `b-te~cb/ xebo de ckte~hb`nci de `b-te~cbo ekt~e obx mbob|cbx+ Oix dcxhixde obx mbob|cbx v~exektbk bnukdbkte

hbktcdbd de mbx bt`chi+Ek obx etbvbx ackboex de ob xe-

huekhcb xe meke~b uk khoei kchihik ukb dcxt~cnuhck de ouw hb~bh-te~xtchb de ukb mbob|cb eovtchb hiìob rue ùext~b KMH =>5>+ B dcae-~ekhcb de oi rue xuhede ek obx etb-vbx ckchcboex de ukb auxck/ eo hue~viv~ckhcvbo ext hbxc dexv~iqcxti dembx+ Ob eqiouhck ackbo deo xcxte`blbxtb ukb eovtchb vu~b vbxb vi~eoc`ckb~ eo mbx v~ee|cxtekte+

Obx mbob|cbx eovtchbx s oektchu-ob~ex ki vuedek ai~`b~ ext~uhtu~bx


5+ DINOE KUHOEI ,de~ehlb# de ob mbob|cb de Bkd~èdb ,cwru ce~db#/ qcxti vi~ eoTeoexhivci Exvbhcbo Lunnoe+ Vid~b dene~xe b ob hbkcnbocwbhck de ukb mbob|cb de xuekti~ki+

T+^+OBUE^

,JVKI)KIBI#etbo+/LXT,b~~cnb#:J+N

I^KE,XTXHC#SKBXB

,mbob|cb-bkcooiHb~t}leeo#/E+BTLBKBXXIUOB,xcù

obhck#

1+ OB MBOB\CB-BKCOOI HB^T]LEEO ext ai~`bdb vi~ uk bkcooi bwuobdi de 256+666 bixouw de dcèt~i/ ukcdi hik eo khoei vi~ ext~eoobx s mbx dcxt~cnucdix ek ukb ext~uhtu~b ~b-dcbo+ Xu c`bmek/ ti`bdb vi~ ukb de obx h`b~bx de m~bk hb`vi deo Teoexhivci ExvbhcboLunnoe/ xe ùext~b b~~cnb/ gukti b ob de dix veruebx mbob|cbx hi`vbe~bx+ Xe bt~cnusexu vehuocb~ ì~aioimb bo vbxi vi~ xu hekt~i de xux dix mbob|cbx xbtocte+ Obx xcùobhci-kex ku`~chbx de K hue~vix ~ebocwbdbx vi~ E+ Btlbkbxxiuob s hiobni~bdi~ex ~ev~iduhekhik m~bk v~ehcxck exte xcxte`b/ hiì ùext~b uk aitim~b`b de ob xcùobhck/ dikde xeinxe~qb ob `cx`b mbob|cb-bkcooi de a~ekte ,bnbgi/ cwruce~db# s de ve~aco ,bnbgi/ de~ehlb#/t~bx eo vbxi vi~ xu hekt~i de ukb mbob|cb `x verueb rue xe vuede qe~ hik hob~cdbd ekob ~ev~exektbhck de hbkti+


22/99

ob~mbx s ackbx hiì obx exvc~boex/vuex xik xcxte`bx hik `bsi~ dcx-ve~xck de qeoihcdbdex i bmctbhck+Hubkdi xua~ek ukb ckte~bhhck/ xue-oek bvb~ehe~ ekqueotbx ek ukbx hik-hlbx i hbvbx hikhkt~chbx de ext~e-oobx s b qehex mbx hik uk exvexi~hikxcde~bnoeèkte `bsi~+ Obx xc-ùobhcikex xumce~ek rue obx hik-hlbx i hbvbx xe v~iduhek bo ckte-~bhtub~ ukb eovtchb i oektchuob~ hikit~b mbob|cb rue oe t~bkxace~e `bte-

~cbo+ Ex tb`nck vixcnoe rue ob bh~e-hck de ukb mbob|cb xbtocte v~iduwhbtb`nck extbx ext~uhtu~bx+ Obx hik-hlbx/ hiì obx hiobx de `b~eb deKMH =>5>/ hikxtctuc~bk/ vuex/ ~ex-tix de obx mbob|cbx ckchcboex ruebk ki xe lbk bxektbdi ek eo hue~viackbo/ s ob ai~`bhck de ukbx uit~bx extb~b hikdchcikbdb vi~ obx~nctbx s `bxbx ~eobtcqbx de obx mb-ob|cbx rue lbk hiocxcikbdi+

M~uvix de mbob|cbxEk ukb exhbob de ve~tu~nbhck m~b-qctbti~cb h~ehcekte/ oix m~uvix dembob|cbx ihuvbk uk oumb~ ckte~è-dci ekt~e oix vb~ex s oix hùoix dembob|cbx dekt~i de ob ge~b~rub deobx ckte~bhhcikex+ Eo ege`voi `xv~|cì kix oi ia~ehe eo M~uvi Oihbo/cktem~bdi vi~ ukbx 86 mbob|cbx rue

ihuvbk uk dcèt~i deo i~dek de26 `cooikex de bix ouw+ Ek xu ck-te~ci~ xe v~iduhek hiocxcikex7 kuex-t~b `cx`b Qb Ohteb vudi lbne~ e|-ve~cèktbdi ukb ckte~bhhck hik obxkunex de @bmboobkex ek oix otcìx`co `cooikex de bix+ Eo M~uvi Oihbo

xe lboob tb`nck ek ckte~bhhck hikeo e|te~ci~/ ek vb~tchuob~ hik it~ixm~uvix he~hbkix7 @baaec 2/ Xhuovti~/@664

A+XHL]ECWE^/INXE^QBTI^CIXHB^KEMCE

=+ KMH 4=4 ex ukb mbob|cb oektchuob~ rue ve~tekehe bo xcxte`b ek ckte~bhhck B~v >>=+Oix b~hix de xu bo~ededi~ ob ckhousek ekt~e obx mbob|cbx hikhlb+ Obx xcùobhcikexku`~chbx de exte xcxte`b ckdchbk rue obx ikdbx inxe~qbdbx xe lbk vidcdi ai~`b~vi~ ckte~bhhck de KMH 4=4 hik it~b de obx mbob|cbx deo xcxte`b/ KMH 4=6+

Eo 36 % de kuext~i ukcqe~xi ext hi`vuexti vi~`bte~cbo dexhikihcdi+ Ob `bte~cb qcxcnoe vb~b kuex-t~ix igix e ckxt~uèktix bxt~ik`chix ,mbx s ext~eoobx#ext ek `cki~b ~exvehti b ob `bte~cb ixhu~b+ Xu ckqcxcncoc-dbd ki lb c`vedcdi eo dexhun~c`cekti de xu e|cxtekhcb/rue deneìx bm~bdehe~/ ek otc`b ckxtbkhcb/ b Cxbbh

Ke}tik+ Vi~ o xbneìx rue dix hue~vix xe bt~bek de-ncdi b xu `bxb: ukb bt~bhhck rue ex èki~ hubkti `b-si~ ex ob dcxtbkhcb+ Uk xbotbdi~ de oikmctud vb~ehe ocne-~b~xe de ob m~bqedbd vi~ ukix xemukdix dencdi b xuqeoihcdbd/ s hubkti `bsi~ ex xtb/ `x tce`vi vbxb~ ekeo bc~e+ Xc ~ebocwb~b eo xboti ek uk vobketb `x `bxcqi de-ne~b c~ `x ~vcdi vb~b `bkteke~xe ek eo bc~e+ Exte v~ck-hcvci ex ve~aehtbèkte bvochbnoe b oix hue~vix heoextex/ckhoucdbx obx ext~eoobx de ukb mbob|cb/ i obx mbob|cbx de ukhùoi/ vb~b obx rue xce`v~e lbn~ ukb ~eobhck ekt~eqeoihcdbd s `bxb+

Ek 238> G+ Ii~t extudcbnb eo ìqc`cekti de ext~eoobxde kuext~b mbob|cb ek ob dc~ehhck ve~vekdchuob~ bo dcxhi+B vb~tc~ de xu qeoihcdbd dedugi rue ob `bxb de ob QbOhteb duvochbnb bo èkix ob inxe~qbnoe ek ai~`b de mbx

s ext~eoobx+ Ek 2388 A+ W}chjs extudc eo hùoix de mbob-|cbx de Hi`b+ Ekhikt~ rue/ xc ob `bxb deo hùoi e~bxoi ob inxe~qbdb/ ki lbn~b vidcdi ~eteke~ b xux mbob-|cbx ditbdbx de botbx qeoihcdbdex+ Vb~b eooi e~b v~ehcxi

rue ob `bxb ~ebo aue~b ekt~e 26 s 266 qehex `bsi~ rue obdeo mbx s obx ext~eoobx+

Xbneìx rue eo mbx hbocekte hikackbdi rue xe inxe~qbek ~bsix \ ek oix hùoix de mbob|cbx v~uenb ob e|cxtek-hcb de ukb m~bk hbktcdbd de `bte~cb ki ou`ckixb: xc bxki ihu~~ce~b/ xcmkcachb~b rue eo mbx xe lbn~b dcxve~xbdi

lbhe tce`vi+ Ek oix bix xetektb oix bqbkhex ckxt~uèk-tboex ve~`ctce~ik èdc~ obx qeoihcdbdex de ~itbhck de obxext~eoobx s eo mbx de ukb mbob|cb exvc~bo b dcae~ektex dcx-tbkhcbx deo hekt~i+ Xe inxe~q rue ek obx vb~tex e|te~kbxde kuè~ixbx mbob|cbx/ dikde ob m~bqedbd denb c~ dcx`c-kusekdi/ eo mbx s obx ext~eoobx mc~bnbk hik tbo qeoihcdbd/rue lbn~bk dencdi xe~ e|veocdbx de xux ~nctbx/ xboqirue ukb `bxb `bsi~ rue ob qcxcnoe obx ~etuqce~b ek eoobx+Dchlb `bxb xe ekhikt~b~b ai~`bkdi lboix ckqcxcnoex+ Ex-tix ~exuotbdix hikac~`b~ik/ vuex/ ob e|cxtekhcb de ob `b-te~cb ixhu~b tb`nck aue~b de oix hùoix+

Ob ~eobtcqcdbd meke~bo v~edche rue ob ouw xe dexqb dexu t~bsehti~cb bo vbxb~ he~hb de ukb m~bk `bxb+ Exte in-

geti `bxcqi/ rue vuede xe~ tbkti ukb ext~eoob hiì ukhùoi de mbob|cbx/ ~ehcne eo ki`n~e de oekte m~bqctbti-

~cb+ Ob deai~`bhck v~iduhcdb vi~ obx oektex m~bqctbti~cbxex `bsi~ hubkti oi ex xu `bxb/ s exte lehli lb ìxt~b-di tb`nck ob dcxh~evbkhcb ekt~e ob `bte~cb titbo s ob ou`c-kixb ek oix hùoix de mbob|cbx+

@BTE^CB IXHU^B


23/99

te~bhcikex7 xik oix m~uvix deachcektexek mbx bt`chi+ E|cxte ukb xe~ce dem~uvix ek extbdix vihi eqiouhci-kbdix/ vuex obx mbob|cbx bvekbx v~e-xektbk ve~tu~nbhcikex+ B edcdb rueoix m~uvix eqiouhcikbk/ eo hikte-kcdi titbo de mbx bt`chi xe `bk-tceke hikxtbkte/ ve~i ki xu dcxt~c-nuhck/ vuex exhbvb de obx mbob|cbxs vbxb b ai~`b~ vb~te de hiobx svuektex de `b~eb+

Ek obx etbvbx eqioutcqbx `x e|-t~e`bx de oix m~uvix/ eo mbx sb kcxcruce~b xe ekhikt~b~b ek ob wikb

ckte~mbohtchb+ Ek eo m~uvi Lchjxik46/ eo mbx bt`chi xoi xe detehtbek dix veruebx wikbx de oix e|-t~eìx de dix de obx mbob|cbx `ce`-n~i/ abotbkdi uk 36 % deo mbx ruetekd~bk xc obx mbob|cbx extuqce~bkbcxobdbx+ Xe lbk inxe~qbdi m~uvixek oix rue xe ai~`b ukb m~bk kunede lcd~meki bt`chi/ hik ukb xiobext~uhtu~b de qeoihcdbdex+ Obx hub-t~i mbob|cbx rue hikai~`bk Lchj-xik 43 xe lboobk ckhoucdbx ek ukbkune rue mc~b hiì uk tidi+

Hì dexbvb~ehe eo lcd~mekibt`chi ek oix m~uvix9 Ukb qewb~~bkhbdi de obx mbob|cbx/ vekxb-ìx rue eo mbx ruedb e|vuexti b xudext~uhhck i hboektb`cekti+ De obhi`vb~bhck de oix m~uvix hi`vbhtixhik it~ix ekti~kix dikde tb`nck xeekhuekt~b èkix hbktcdbd de mbx bt-`chi de ob exve~bdb xe dexv~ekderue/ ek oix m~uvix hi`vbhtix/ xe dbkkcqeoex de deachcekhcb deo `cxì

i~dek rue ek obx mbob|cbx deo hek-t~i de oix hùoix de Qc~mi i Hi`b+Ob deachcekhcb ek oix hùoix xedene b ob e|cxtekhcb de uk èdcihbocekte ckt~bhuùob~: xc eo èhb-kcxì aue~b xc`cob~ ek oix m~uvix/eo mbx b~~bkhbdi de obx mbob|cbx xeextb~b dext~usekdi vi~ hboektb-`cekti+ Ve~i ki ext hob~i rue ekoix m~uvix xe v~iduwhb uk èhb-kcxì xc`cob~ bo de oix hùoix/ vuex

CKQEXTCMBHCK S HCEKHCB/ `b~wi/ >664 >2

5> ,b~~cnb#+ Extb xehuekhcb deacke obxetbvbx rue ooeqbk dexde ob ckte~bhhck de dix mbob|cbx exvc~boex lbxtbxu auxck ackbo vb~b ai~`b~ ukb mbob|cb eovtchb+ Obx c`mekex ùext~bk/ek hikti~kix nobkhix/ okebx de cmubo dekxcdbd xuve~achcbo de lcd~mekibt`chi s/ ek hioi~/ ob e`cxck exteob~+ Obx nb~~bx nobkhbx hi~~exvikdek

b uk tb`bi de >6 jcoivb~xeh/ ex dehc~/ ukix 15+666 bix ouw+ EkKMH 41=1 ,hikihcdb hiì Eo ^btk#/ obx mbob|cbx extk ek hiktbhti/ve~i oix khoeix xe ekhuekt~bk bk xevb~bdix+ Ob ckte~bhhck lb v~iqi-hbdi hiobx de `b~eb rue xe qek tbkti ek ob ouw exteob~ hiì ek eo mbxkeut~i/ bukrue exte otcì ex èkix cktekxi ek hi`vb~bhck+ KMH =>5>~ev~exektb ukb etbvb v~|c`b bo ackbo de ob xehuekhcb/ vuex xe inxe~qbuk hue~vi hekt~bo hik ukb dcxt~cnuhck exteob~ hi~~exvikdcekte b ukbmbob|cb eovtchb/ hiì xe deduhe deo bkocxcx de xu ve~aco de ouw+

G+E+LCNNB^D

SG+L+QBK

MI^JI@

Ek obx xcùobhcikex ku`~chbx/ eo i~dekbdi~ bvochb oesex axchbxhikihcdbx b uk hikgukti de vb~thuobx rue ~ev~exektbk eo mbx sobx ext~eoobx de obx mbob|cbx+ B vb~tc~ de dcae~ektex hikdchcikex ckchcb-oex/ xe v~iùeqe ob eqiouhck deo xcxte`b èdcbkte eo hohuoi de obxaue~wbx de ckte~bhhck ek dcxtcktbx vixchcikex s tce`vix+ Xe bkbocwbkackboèkte oix ~exuotbdix intekcdix+ Hik eooi xe vuede hi`v~c`c~ ekukix vihix xemukdix `coex de `cooikex de bix+ Xuve~i~dekbdi~ex/~edex de hi`vutbdi~ex ve~xikboex u i~dekbdi~ex M^BVE husi hb-noebdi ext dcxebdi exvehachbèkte vb~b eo hohuoi de obx aue~wbxm~bqctbti~cbx ve~`ctek lbhe~ eqiouhcikb~ lbxtb qb~cbx dehekbx de`cooikex de vb~thuobx ek ukix vihix xemukdix+

Xcùobhcikex ku`~chbx


24/99

bruooix extk ai~`bdix vi~ ekt~e26 s 266 qehex `x mbob|cbx/ ruexe ùeqek b qeoihcdbdex 26 qehex`bsi~ex+

Hùoix de mbob|cbxOix hùoix hikxtctusek oix inge-tix `bsi~ex deo ukcqe~xi ek husbi~mbkcwbhck ob aue~wb de ob m~bqe-

dbd dexe`veb uk vbveo dete~`c-kbkte+ Ek xu ckte~ci~ xe bn~cmb eo26 % de obx mbob|cbx+ Oix lbs vi-n~ex/ hik ukix hcektix de mbob|cbx/hiì ek eo hbxi de Qc~mi/ s ~chix/hik `coex de `ce`n~ix/ hiì eo h-ùoi de Hi`b+ Vi~ xu ai~`b xehobxcachbk ek exa~chix s bì~aix+Oix hùoix exa~chix ,bx Hi`b#

xueoek extb~ vinobdix vi~ uk m~bkkè~i de mbob|cbx eovtchbx/ `cek-t~bx rue oix bì~aix/ ekt~e eooixQc~mi/ v~exektbk `x qb~cedbd detcvix+ Obx ckte~bhhcikex ekt~e mbob-|cbx tcekek bru ukb kbtu~boewb dc-ae~ekte de obx v~iduhcdbx ek oixde`x ekti~kix/ dencdi b obx eki~-èx qeoihcdbdex ~eobtcqbx de obxmbob|cbx/ rue bohbkwbk `coex de jco-èt~ix vi~ xemukdi+

Bli~b ncek/ ukb `bsi~ dcae~ek-hcb de qeoihcdbd ekt~e obx mbob|cbxrue xua~ek eo ekhuekt~i ki hik-ooeqb `bsi~ex ext~bmix ek obx hioc-xcikex/ xcki oi hikt~b~ci+ Oix hli-

Eo v~cè~ v~inoe`b rue xu~me ek eo extudci de obx mbob-|cbx ek ckte~bhhck ex rue/ vb~b cdektcachb~ obx hb~bh-te~xtchbx dencdbx bo hlirue/ ex kehexb~ci xbne~ hì obxqe~bìx xc ki extuqce~bk hiocxcikbkdi+

Ek bomukix hbxix vb~ehe eqcdekte ob e|cxtekhcb de ukbckte~bhhck s xux eaehtix: vi~ ege`voi/ ek obx c`mekex

ti`bdbx vi~ eo QOT de ob vb~egb de mbob|cbx KMH 1)CH 43=6 xe bv~ehcb hik hob~cdbd rue CH 43=6 ext dexmb-

gbkdi uki de oix n~bwix de KMH 17 oix hioi~ex `xbwuobdix de dchli n~bwi vuedek bxihcb~xe b ai~`bhckexteob~ v~iqihbdb vi~ ob ckte~bhhck+

Ve~i obx hixbx ki xik xce`v~e tbk ahc oex+ Cmki~bìxvi~ ru mbob|cbx qc~tuboèkte bcxobdbx v~exektbk hb~bh-te~xtchbx bt~cnucdbx b obx ckte~bhhcikex/ hiì ex eo hbxide KMH 2251/ rue ~emcxt~b cktekxix n~itex de ai~`bhckexteob~+ Xe lbhe ckdcxvekxbnoe eo extudci de ukb ùext~bm~bkde de mbob|cbx bcxobdbx rue xc~qb de vbt~k de ki~-`bocdbd+ Ek exb tb~eb xe lbk e`vebdi kuè~ixix eruc-vix: ob buti~b hii~dckb uk v~isehti ai~`bdi vi~ X+ Oeik/

U+ Ocxekaeod/ D+ Exvbdb/ E+ Mb~hb s X+ Qe~oes/ ek eo Ckxtc-tuti de Bxt~iaxchb de Bkdbouhb de M~bkbdb/ G+ Xuoektchdeo Devb~tbèkti de Bxt~iki`b de ob Ukcqe~xcdbd deBobnb`b/ ]+ Luhltèce~ deo Ckxtctuti @b| Vobkhj de ^b-dcibxt~iki`b ek Nikk/ @+ X+ Suk/ de ob Ukcqe~xcdbd de@bxxbhluxettx/ X+ Ide}blk/ de ob Ukcqe~xcdbd de

B~cwikb/ s X+ deo î deo CKBIE ek Vuenob/ rue v~etekdebukb~ s hi`voetb~ oix dbtix e|cxtektex+ Vb~b eooi leìxeobni~bdi ukb ùext~b hi`vuextb vi~ `x de =66 mbob-|cbx ,KMH 2251 xe ekhuekt~b ekt~e eoobx#+ Bhtuboèkteextbìx ooeqbkdi b hbni ukb ~eqcxck de ob ì~aioimb skcqeo de bcxob`cekti de obx mbob|cbx deo hbtoimi/ hik eoack de xeoehhcikb~ ukb ùext~b de ~eae~ekhcb ek ob rue obckaouekhcb deo ekti~ki xeb `kc`b s husb eqiouhck extdete~`ckbdb vi~ xux v~ivcedbdex ckt~kxehbx+ B vb~tc~ deukb ckai~`bhck ùotca~ehuekhcb hi`voetb hikhe~kcekteb obx ext~eoobx s bo èdci ckte~exteob~ extb~eìx ek obègi~ vixchck vb~b eqboub~ obx v~ivcedbdex de mbob|cbxek ckte~bhhck+

HIKIHE^ OI KI^@BO VB^B HI@VÊKDE^ OI E\T^BI

3+ VB^ DE MBOB\CBX EK CKTE^BHHCIKKMH 1)CH 43=67 Ek extb c`bmek xeùext~b ukb hi`vixchck de t~ex hioi~ex,bwuo/ qe~de s ~igi# ti`bdb hik ob h`b~bAI^X2 deo teoexhivci BKTU deo QOT deobx mbob|cbx KMH 1 ,ob exvc~bo nb~~bdbrue ihuvb ob dcbmikbo de ob c`bmek# e

CH 43=6 ,ukb verueb mbob|cb oektchuob~xctubdb vi~ ekhc`b deo hekt~i de obacmu~b#+ Eo n~bwi xuve~ci~ de KMH 1v~exektb eo bxvehti de extb~ xcekdi dex-mbgbdi vi~ xu verueb hi`vbe~bCH 43=6+ Xe inxe~qbk wikbx de hioi~ex`x bwuoex rue obx deo n~bwi ivuexti/hb~bhte~xtchix de ~emcikex de ai~`bhckexteob~+ Ek ob vb~te ckae~ci~ de~ehlb de obmbob|cb bvb~ehe ukb ext~eoob rue ve~te-kehe b kuext~b mbob|cb/ xck kbdb rue qe~hik eo xcxte`b ek huextck+

CKQEXTCMBHCK S HCEKHCB/ `b~wi/ >664

INXE^QBTI^CI

EUÎVEI

@E^CDCIKBO


25/99

ruex b botb qeoihcdbd/ xboqi rue xebke|bhtbèkte a~iktboex/ lbhek rue obxmbob|cbx vbxek ùs exhbxi tce`vib hi~tb dcxtbkhcb s/ bde`x/ tcekekvihbx vixcncocdbdex de ruedb~ ocmb-dbx m~bqctbhcikboèkte+

Ve~i ob `bsi~ vb~te de ob `bte-~cb ou`ckixb de oix hùoix ki extek obx mbob|cbx/ xcki ekt~e eoobx/ ekai~`b de uk mbx ùs hbocekte/ bt~b-vbdi vi~ ob aue~wb m~bqctbti~cb deohikgukti+ Exte èdci ckt~bhùoixe hi`vike/ xin~e tidi/ de lcd~-

meki s leoci/ vi~ oi rue xe oe xu-vike ~excdui de obx kunex ekmek-d~bdi~bx de obx mbob|cbx/ kunex rueaue~ik hboektbdbx vi~ ob eke~mb oc-ne~bdb du~bkte eo hiobvxi m~bqctb-ti~ci+ Bxc`cxì xe lbk ekhikt~bdieoeèktix `x vexbdix/ exvehcbo-èkte lce~~i/ husb e|cxtekhcb ckdchbrue lb tekcdi oumb~ tb`nck uk ek-~cruehc`cekti deo èdci i~cmckbo+Xu v~exekhcb xe bt~cnuse bo nb~~cdideo `bte~cbo `x e|te~ci~ de obx mb-ob|cbx ek xu dexvobwb`cekti vi~ eo

hùoi/ bx hiì b ob e|cxtekhcbde qcektix mbohtchix v~iduhcdix vi~e|voixcikex òtcvoex de xuve~ki-qbx/ rue ve~`ctek rue extix eoe-èktix vexbdix exhbvek ki xoideo ckte~ci~ de obx ext~eoobx/ dikdexe ai~`bk/ xcki tb`nck de obx mb-ob|cbx+ C`vi~tb/ bxc`cxì/ eo extu-dci de ob dcxt~cnuhck deo mbx/ rueex uk ~eaoegi deo extbdi eqioutcqideo hùoi+ B xu vbxi vi~ eo hek-t~i deo hùoi/ obx mbob|cbx vce~-dek eo mbx bt`chi de obx vb~tex

Oix m~uvix hi`vbhtix de mbob|cbx xe hikihek dexdelbhe `x de uk xcmoi/ ve~i eo v~cè~ hbtoimi ~eboc-wbdi hik h~cte~cix deackcdix de bcxob`cekti/ hi`vbhcdbd skè~i de `ce`n~ix ex eo eobni~bdi vi~ V+ Lchjxik/ rueek 23 cdektcach 266 de extix m~uvix+ Ob ùext~b i~cmc-

kbo lb xcdi b`vocbdb ek eo le`cxae~ci xu~ vi~ C+ V~bkdikcs xux hiobni~bdi~ex ek 2334+Ukb de obx v~ckhcvboex xi~v~exbx rue extix m~uvix de-

vb~b~ik aue eo veruei ~bkmi de qeoihcdbdex ìxt~bdivi~ xux `ce`n~ix i dcxve~xck de qeoihcdbdex/ deo i~-dek de >66 jcoèt~ix vi~ xemukdi/ rue gukti hik ob eoe-qbdb dekxcdbd de mbob|cbx lbhe rue oix tce`vix hb~bh-te~xtchix de oix h~uhex ekt~e mbob|cbx xebk verueix/deo i~dek de `co `cooikex de bix+ Ek extb xctubhck obxv~cè~bx xcùobhcikex ku`~chbx v~edcge~ik rue obx mbob-|cbx rue oix hi`vikek dene~bk auxcikb~xe ~vcdbèkte+Vi~ eooi bomukix buti~ex huextcikb~ik xu e|cxtekhcb ~ebo/bukrue kuè~ixbx inxe~qbhcikex vixte~ci~ex lbk v~i-vi~hcikbdi v~uenbx ek hikt~b de extb lcvtexcx+

Ob hi`vikekte exteob~ de obx mbob|cbx de oix m~uvix

ùext~b ve~tu~nbhcikex ì~aiomchbx s hcke`tchbx ek uk45 % de oix hbxix/ xemk eo extudci ~ebocwbdi vi~ H+ @ek-dex de Iocqec~b s V+ Lchjxik+ Kuext~i erucvi/ ai~`bdivi~ @+ X+ Suk/ de ob Ukcqe~xcdbd de @bxxbhluxettx/]+ Luhltèce~/ deo Ckxtctuti @b| Vobkhj de ^bdcibxt~iki-`b ek Nikk/ N+ ]+ ]coocb`x/ de ob Ukcqe~xcdbd de Deob-}b~e/ s B+ deo Ioì s G+ Ve~eb/ deo Ckxtctuti de Bxt~iaxchbde Bkdbouhb ek M~bkbdb/ lb extudcbdi ob dcxt~cnuhcks hcke`tchb deo mbx bt`chi ek 21 m~uvix hi`vbhtixèdcbkte eo ckte~ae~èt~i hektc`t~chi deo QOB/ ekhik-t~bkdi xcmkix inqcix de ve~tu~nbhcikex ek eo =6 % de obxmbob|cbx de oix m~uvix+

Ob e`cxck ckte~mbohtchb hikxtctuse ek x `cx`b ukbùext~b de rue xe t~btb de uk m~uvi ~ebo s ki ai~`bdivi~ mbob|cbx ckhike|bx+ It~b ckte~exbkte hb~bhte~xtchb de

oix m~uvix ex rue v~exektbk uk 46 % èkix de lcd~mekibt`chi rue obx mbob|cbx bcxobdbx/ hiì ~eqeobìx ekkuext~i extudci+ Ek ~exuèk/ eo extudci de ob hi`vikek-te exteob~ de oix m~uvix bx hiì deo mbx a~i s hbocektelb eqcdekhcbdi ob e|cxtekhcb de ckte~bhhcikex òtcvoex

ekt~e obx mbob|cbx `ce`n~i+Deìxt~bdb ob e|cxtekhcb de oix m~uvix hi`vbhtix/ xelbk v~ivuexti dcae~ektex ìdeoix vb~b e|vochb~ xu kbtu-~boewb+ Xemk B+ Dcbae~ci s xux hiobni~bdi~ex/ oix m~uvixhi`vbhtix vid~bk ai~`b~xe de `bke~b hiktckub dekt~ide m~uvix ~chix/ bukrue ki lbs v~uenbx de rue extk ck-è~xix ek tbo ekti~ki+

Vb~b A+ Miqe~kbti s xux hiobni~bdi~ex/ lbn~b ukbetbvb ckchcbo de ckte~bhhcikex aue~tex/ ùs bkte~ci~ b obvihb bhtubo/ ek ob rue xe lbn~b eoc`ckbdi `bte~cbo deobx mbob|cbx+ Exti lbn~b dcx`ckucdi xu ~eb eachbw a~ekteb uote~ci~ex ckte~bhhcikex/ lbhcekdi rue ob eqiouhck vix-te~ci~ xe ~boektcwb~b+ Ek ob bhtubocdbd ob eqiouhck extb~bhikt~iobdb vi~ hbdbx xehukdb~cbx de mbob|cbx rue ~eboc-èktb~bk b oix m~uvix hbdb hce~ti tce`vi+

Eo ìdeoi de Miqe~kbti vb~ehe de bvochbhck ek bomu-kix hbxix/ hiì eo deo Lchjxik 3> ,Ruckteti de Xtevlbk#:xck e`nb~mi/ it~ix m~uvix xe ekhuekt~bk ùs ncek bcxob-dix/ vi~ oi rue ki e|cxtek inqcix hbkdcdbtix vb~b obxhbdbx xehukdb~cbx+ Ek extix hbxix qceke ek kuext~bbsudb eo ìdeoi exniwbdi vi~ E+ Btlbkbxxiuob s xum~uvi+ De bhue~di hik xu lcvtexcx/ uk lboi de `bte~cbixhu~b xuachcekteèkte `bxcqi s ki hikhekt~bdi lbhcbeo hekt~i vid~b v~ivi~hcikb~ uk vitekhcbo m~bqctbti~ciek eo rue ob qcdb de oix m~uvix xe~b hikxcde~bnoeèkte`bsi~ de oi exve~bdi+

OB ÊBOCDBD DE OIX MÛVIX HI@VBHTIX DE MBOB\CBX

EO RUCKTETI DE XTEVLBK ex uk m~uvi hi`vbhti de mbob|cbxdeo hbtoimi de Lchjxik ,Lchjxik 3># dexhunce~ti vi~ E+ Xtevlbk

ek 2: ek ~ebocdbdai~`b vb~te de it~i m~uvi de mbob|cbx dcew qehex `x he~hbki

b kixit~ix+ Xin~e extb c`bmek ek ouw qcxcnoe xe vuedebv~ehcb~ ob dcxt~cnuhck deo mbx bt`chi ,bwuo hob~i#/

bo rue obx ckte~bhhcikex lbk lehli xboc~ de obx mbob|cbxvb~b ai~`b~ kunex ckte~mbohtchbx s hiobx de `b~eb+ ]

COOCB@X/SUK/QE^DEX-@IKTEKEMÎ



26/99

e|te~kbx/ de èki~ dekxcdbd/ hik-xe~qbkdi eo mbx ìoehuob~/ de `b-si~ dekxcdbd s hikhekt~bdi ek obwikb hekt~bo de obx mbob|cbx+

Bde`x de obx ckte~bhhcikex ek-t~e mbob|cbx/ xc`cob~ex b obx rue xe

ekhuekt~bk ek vb~ex i m~uvix/ s deobx mbob|cbx hik eo èdci ckt~bhù-oi/ lbs uk te~he~ tcvi de ckte~bh-hck deki`ckbdi hbkcnbocxì mb-ohtchi+ Ek eo hekt~i de oix hùoixlbs mbob|cbx hD/ mcmbktex/ rue bt~beks bnxi~nek b obx `x veruebx+Xik obx mbob|cbx `x m~bkdex ruexe hikihek ek eo ukcqe~xi+

Oix hùoix vuedek tb`nck xu-a~c~ ckte~bhhcikex e|te~kbx/ ex de-hc~/ hikxcde~bdix hiì ukb xiobektcdbd: xuhede exi hubkdi ckhi~-vi~bk m~uvix he~hbkix vi~ bhhck

de xu cktekxb m~bqedbd: hiocxcikbkckhouxi hik it~ix hùoix+ Ob ck-te~bhhck ext/ xck e`nb~mi/ oc`c-tbdb vi~ ob e|vbkxck deo ukcqe~xi/rue/ bo buèktb~ ob dcxtbkhcb ekt~etidbx obx mbob|cbx/ dcachuotb eo ek-huekt~i ekt~e hùoix+

Xe ai~`bk oix hùoix ~chix ekmbob|cbx vi~ ukck de hùoix vi-n~ex i m~uvix9 Exti v~edchek bomu-kix ìdeoix hixìomchix/ oi hubov~iduhc~b hliruex b ùs botb te`-ve~btu~b ek eo èdci ckt~bhùoi sxe exve~b~b qe~ èkix hùoix ~c-hix ek eo vbxbdi+ E|cxtek ckdchcixrue bvisbk exbx lcvtexcx/ ve~i exkehexb~ci inxe~qb~ uk kè~i xcm-kcachbtcqi de hùoix dcxtbktex hikègi~ ~exiouhck s hi`vb~b~ oix h-ùoix `x oegbkix/ s vi~ tbkti `bxgqekex hik oix bhtuboex +

Obx inxe~qbhcikex `x ~ehcektexkix lbk ìxt~bdi rue ek eo vbxbdioix hliruex s auxcikex ekt~e mbob-|cbx e~bk `x a~ehuektex rue ek obbhtubocdbd+ Extix ~exuotbdix bvisbkob cdeb de rue obx ckte~bhhcikex kixoi hikxtctusek uk v~ihexi aukdb-èktbo ek ob eqiouhck mbohtchb/

xcki rue obx mbob|cbx bhtuboex xe i~c-mckb~ik b vb~tc~ de hiocxcikex ekt~embob|cbx v~c`cmekcbx+

>4 CKQEXTCMBHCK S HCEKHCB/ `b~wi/ >664

22+ EO HBKCNBOCX@I ex uk aekèki a~ehuekte ek oix hùoix de mbob|cbx/ dikde ukbmbob|cb mcmbkte xe bocèktb de veruebx mbob|cbx rue xe bv~i|c`bk b eoob/ hiì ex eohbxi de Bneoo 8=/ rue bvb~ehe ek extb c`bmek de aboxi hioi~ ~idebdb de `x de ukbdehekb de mbob|cbx husi tb`bi ex xc`cob~ bo de kuext~b Qb Ohteb+ Ex/ vi~ tbkti/ eotb`bi ìkxt~uixi de ob mbob|cb hbknbo eo rue obx lbhe vb~ehe~ ekbkbx+ Ek eo ckte~ci~de eoob xe vuedek bv~ehcb~ bomukbx ~ehcekteèkte abmihctbdbx+

26+ LCHJXIK 46 ex uk m~uvi hi`vbhtiai~`bdi vi~ 5 mbob|cbx+ Eo mbx bt`chi,bwuo hob~i# sb bvekbx xe ekhuekt~b kc ekobx mbob|cbx kc ekt~e eoobx: xe t~btb/ vuex/de uk m~uvi ek ukb etbvb eqiouhcikbdb+

QE^DEX-@IKTEKEMÎ

SHIO+,b~~cnb#:

@+G+]EXT,U+XT+@B^S#/TEOEXHIVCI

EXI

2-@,

bnbgi#

OIU^DEX QE^DEX-@IKTEKEMÎ ve~te-kehe bo Ckxtctuti de Bxt~iaxchb de Bkdb-ouhb ,CBB/ HXCH# ek M~bkbdb/ ek eo rue~ebocw xu texcx dihti~bo xemucdb de uk

vixdihti~bdi ek eo Inxe~qbti~ci de @b~-xeoob+ Ek ob bhtubocdbd extudcb oix eaeh-tix de ob ckte~bhhck ek eo èdci ckte-~exteob~ de oix m~uvix hi`vbhtix dembob|cbx s hii~dckb dexde eo CBB ukbhiobni~bhck ckte~kbhcikbo vb~b meke~b~ukb nbxe de dbtix de mbob|cbx bcxobdbx+

TLE TLÊE ^C KMX IA TLE CXIOBTED MBOB\SKMH =>2=+ O+ Qe~dex-@iktekem~i/B+ Nix`b/ E+ Btlbkbxxiuob ek Bxt~i -ki`s bkd Bxt~ivlsxchx/ qio+ 866/ v-mckb 15: 2335+

BK LC ÎMUEX MBOOE^S+ G+ E+ Lcnnb~d/ G+L+ Qbk Mi~ji`/ @+ V+ ûvek/ D+ Xhlc-`ckiqchl ek Mbx ! Mbob|s Eqioutcik7B hikae~ekhe ck likiu~ ia tle >6tl bk-kcqe~xb~s ia tle QOB/ BXV Hikae~ek-hex Xe~cex/ qio+ >46/ vm+ 153: >662+

]LEÊ CX TLE KEUT^BO BTI@CH MBX CKLCHJXIK MÎUVX9 O+ Qe~dex-@ikteke-m~i/ @+ X+ Suk/ N+ B+ ]coocb`x/ ]+ J+Luhltèce~/ B+ deo Ioì/ G+ Ve~eb ekBxt~iki`s bkd Bxt~ivlsx chx/ qio+ 8==/vm+ : >662+

Ob buti~b

Ncnocim~bab hi`voeèktb~cb


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28/99

B

o i~ ob vbobn~b exrucwia~ekcb rucw ob bxihceìxb Gilk Kbxl s Bkd~eb Sbtex+ Kbxl/ v~itbmikcxtb deUkb èkte `b~bqcooixb/ aue uk v~idcmci de obx `b-te`tchbx rue ~ehcnc eo v~e`ci Kineo vi~ xu t~b-nbgi v~ehiw+ Xck e`nb~mi/ vcxbdi eo u`n~bo de obedbd bduotb/ xu he~en~i xe bote~ de tbo `bke~b/ rue

b~~uck xu hb~~e~b bhbd`chb+ Tb~d ùhlix bix ek ~ehuve-~b~xe+ Sbtex/ ukb `bd~e rue vbdehe dev~exck s exrucwia~ekcb/blim b xux hckhi lcgix ek ukb nbe~b vb~b xboqb~oix deo de-ìkci+ Bhtuboèkte xe ekhuekt~b ek v~cxck+

Kbxl s Sbtex hikxtctusek ege`voix ek vb~te tvchix s ek vb~tebtvchix+ Bv~i|c`bdbèkte eo uki vi~ hcekti de ob vinobhckùkdcbo vbdehe exrucwia~ekcb+ De xtix/ ob `bsi~b ve~`bkehekckhbvbhctbdix du~bkte tidb xu qcdb+ B dcae~ekhcb de Kbxl/ ù-hlix vixeek ukb ckteocmekhcb vi~ denbgi de ob èdcb/ ckhouxibktex de rue bvb~ewhbk oix v~cè~ix xkti`bx+ Hubkdi ob ek-ae~èdbd xe bxcektb/ tvchbèkte ek ob edbd bduotb/ xua~ek ukdexhekxi de xu hihcekte ckteoehtubo+ Vi~ dexm~bhcb/ xoi ukb `c-

ki~b hikxcmue e`voei dcmki+B dcae~ekhcb de Sbtex/ ki ooembk b ob `ctbd oix rue hikt~bek

`bt~cìkci i ai~`bk ukb ab`cocb+ Bo~ededi~ deo 25 vi~ hcekti~excde du~bkte ob~mix ve~idix ek hekt~ix de xboud èktbo+ It~i25 vi~ hcekti te~`ckb ek ob h~heo vi~ deoctix èki~ex+ Uk 16 vi~hcekti qcqe ek ob vin~ewb s uki de hbdb >6 bhbnb du~`cekdiek ob hbooe+ Uk exhbxi bvisi xihcbo v~ivchcb rue obx ve~xikbxhik exrucwia~ekcb xe huektek `x ekt~e obx qhtc`bx rue ekt~eoix h~c`ckboex+

Oix a~`bhix rue xe utcocwbk vb~b t~btb~ extb ekae~èdbd de-gbk ùhli rue dexeb~+ Oix bktcvxchtchix/ oix `x xihi~~cdix/xuxvekdek oix xkti`bx ek xoi eo >6 vi~ hcekti de oix vbhcek-tex+ Oix rue tcekek ob xue~te de ~exvikde~ bo t~btb`cekti xe `bk-

Nbxex ìoehuob~ex

de ob exrucwia~ekcbM~bhcbx b ukb ègi~ hi`v~ekxck de oix èhbkcxìx de xebocwbhck he~en~boek oix vbhcektex exrucwia~kchix extk bvb~ehcekdi kueqix ekairuex

s ve~xvehtcqbx te~bvutchbx exve~bkwbdi~bx

Dbkceo H+ Gbqctt s Gixevl T+ Hisoe

>1 CKQEXTCMBHCK S HCEKHCB/ `b~wi/ >664

HIIV

VLITI

B^T

HIOOEHTCQE

2+ EO @UKDI CKTE^CI^ de obx ve~xikbx hikexrucwia~ekcb ~exuotb b èkudi hikauxi+ Ek oxe èwhobk qihex e|t~bbx/ vb~bkicb s vekxb-`cektix comchix hiì oix rue xe vuedek oee~,ek ckmox# ek extb c`bmek7 Ki oi lbmbx"/Te lbk vcoobdi/ tb~tbgb/ tb~tbgb/ tb~tbgb/ Teextk exvcbkdi/ Vi~ ru dcgi exi9/ Dkdeext `c `bki9/ Ruckex xik xix9/ Ex`boi/ ùs `boi+++


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30/99

>< CKQEXTCMBHCK S HCEKHCB/ `b~wi/ >664

tcekek ek nuek extbdi xce`v~e rueki oi ckte~~u`vbk+ @uhlix/ xck e`-nb~mi/ te~`ckbk vi~ bnbkdikb~ obèdchbhck vi~ hbuxb de oix eaeh-tix xehukdb~cix/ vi~ uk dexei de xek-tc~xe ki~`bo i vi~ ob v~dcdb debhhexi b ob btekhck vxcruct~chb+ Dixte~hcix hikxcmuek hce~ti bocqci hikoix bktcvxchtchix/ bukrue oix xkti-`bx ve~xcxtek du~bkte tidb ob qcdb+Eo ~exti kc xcruce~b ~exvikde bo t~b-tb`cekti+

Bde`x de ob exhbxew de ~ehu~-xix èdchbèktixix/ e|cxte it~i abh-ti~ rue inxtbhuocwb eo t~btb`cektide exte t~bxti~ki h~ueo7 obx lcvte-xcx rue i~cektbk eo dexb~~iooi ab~-`bhiomchi+ Obx keu~ikbx xe hiù-kchbk ekt~e x edcbkte ob ocne~bhckde keu~it~bkx`cxi~ex/ iohuobx ruee|hctbk i cklcnek it~bx keu~ikbx+Du~bkte dehekcix/ oix extudcix de

ob exrucwia~ekcb xe lbk hekt~bdi ekuk xioi keu~it~bkx`cxi~7 ob divb-`ckb+ Ek extix otcìx bix/ xck e`-nb~mi/ lb ruedbdi hob~i rue ob bo-te~bhck de oix kcqeoex de divb`ckbhikxtctuse xoi ukb a~bhhck de uktidi `x b`voci+ Vb~b ùhlix/ obxbote~bhcikex ~exvikxbnoex de ob ek-ae~èdbd lbs rue nuxhb~obx ek it~bvb~te+ Ob xixvehlb ~ehbe/ ek vb~-tchuob~/ xin~e ob deachcekhcb de mou-tb`bti/ it~i keu~it~bkx`cxi~+ Dbdirue ob exrucwia~ekcb baehtb b tidbxobx wikbx deo he~en~i s/ b dcae~ek-hcb de ob divb`ckb ,rue dexe`-veb ukb aukhck c`vi~tbkte xoiek ~emcikex bcxobdbx#/ eo moutb`bti~exuotb h~tchi ek hbxc tidbx eoobx/obx ckqextcmbhcikex xe hekt~bk bli~bek t~btb`cektix rue hi`vekxek eodachct de moutb`bti+

@uotcvochcdbd de xkti`bxVb~b ègi~b~ eo t~btb`cekti de obexrucwia~ekcb ~exuotb ckdcxvekxb-noe blikdb~ ek ob hi`v~ekxck de

xux hbuxbx/ bx hiì de tidix oixxkti`bx+ Extix xe bm~uvbk ek t~exhbtemi~bx7 vixctcqix/ kembtcqix shimkctcqix+ Vi~ xkti`bx vixctcqixxe ektcekdek brueooix rue qbk `xboo de ob e|ve~cekhcb ki~`bo+ Oixkembtcqix hikkitbk meke~boèkteukb e|ve~cekhcb è~`bdb+ Oix him-kctcqix/ i dexi~mbkcwbdix/ xe ~e-obhcikbk hik ob dcachuotbd vb~b xe-muc~ ukb hikqe~xbhck aoucdb/ omchbs hile~ekte/ vb~b `bkteke~ ob btek-hck s vb~b eo vekxb`cekti bnx-t~bhti+

Oix xkti`bx vixctcqix xik oix`x vivuob~ex7 bmctbhck/ couxcikexvb~bkicdex ,ek obx rue eo vbhcektec`bmckb rue hikxvc~bk hikt~b o# sbouhckbhcikex/ lbnctuboèkte ek ai~-`b de qihex+ Obx bouhckbhcikex ~eob-hcikbdbx hik ~dekex/ ek obx rueobx qihex `bkdbk bo vbhcekte buti-

oexcikb~xe i lbhe~ dbi b it~ix/ hikx-tctusek uk xcmki exvehcboèkte i`c-kixi+ Dcahcoex de ~excxtc~/ vuedekdexekhbdekb~ bhhcikex qcioektbx+

Oix xkti`bx kembtcqix s himkc-tcqix/ bukrue èkix exvehtbhuob~ex/~exuotbk `x ve~kchcixix+ Ckhousekeo m~uvi de obx hubt~i Bex7 butcx-ì ,v~dcdb de ckte~x vi~ oix de`xi eo ekti~ki#/ b`ncqboekhcb ,hie-|cxtekhcb de eìhcikex ivuextbx#/baehti e`nitbdi ,e|v~exck abhcbockxuoxb s xck hb`nci# s bxihcbhckdexvembdb ,ukck de vekxb`cektixxck ukb omchb hob~b s èwhob devbobn~bx ek ukb butktchb ekxbobdbqe~nbo#+ Ekt~e oix xkti`bx hiù-kex tb`nck xe ckhousek ob abotb deexviktbkecdbd/ ob vin~ewb de oek-mubge/ ob dcachuotbd vb~b extbnoehe~qkhuoix s ob oektctud de ìqc-`cektix+ Ob bvbtb s eo dexckte~xvuedek hbuxb~ a~chhcikex ekt~e vb-hcektex s ab`cocb~ex/ rucekex b è-kudi ckte~v~etbk exbx bote~bhcikexhiì xcmkix de ve~ewb ek qew de

oi rue xik7 `bkcaextbhcikex de obekae~èdbd+

B teki~ de oix ~exuotbdix inte-kcdix èdcbkte textx exh~ctix/ obxve~xikbx hik exrucwia~ekcb xua~ekukb e|tekxb dcxaukhck+ Tidbx obxive~bhcikex he~en~boex/ dexde eo v~i-hexb`cekti xekxi~cbo nxchi lbxtboix bxvehtix `x hi`voegix deo vek-xb~/ bvb~ehek ek nuekb èdcdb bo-te~bdbx+ Ek vb~tchuob~/ xe ~excektekob ai~`bhck de èì~cb ,b hi~tii ob~mi vobwi# s ob ~exiouhck dev~inoe`bx hi`voegix+ Oix vbhcek-tex v~exektbk tb`nck dcachuotbd vb~bdexekqioqe~xe ek ob qcdb dcb~cb: dex-h~cnc~/ vi~ ege`voi/ vb~b ru extkoix b`cmix i ru lbhe~ xc/ de ~e-vekte/ xe qb ob ouw+ Vi~ ekhc`b dehuboruce~ it~i ìtcqi/ ek ob ckhb-vbhcdbd vb~b `bkegb~xe ek oix v~i-noe`bx hiùkex ~excde eo inxthuoi

v~ckhcvbo vb~b rue oix exrucwia~-kchix xe qbombk vi~ x `cxìx+ Ekxu hikgukti/ vuex/ ob exrucwia~ekcbe|v~ivcb obx hubocdbdex rue ob mektekehexctb vb~b qcqc~ ek xihcedbd7 ve~-xikbocdbd/ dext~ewbx xihcboex s xek-tcdi hi`k+

@x boo de ob divb`ckbOb divb`ckb xe e`vew b hikxc-de~b~ uk eoeèkti hobqe ek eo de-xb~~iooi de ob exrucwia~ekcb b vb~-tc~ de oix bix hckhuektb/ hubkdiuk dexhun~c`cekti ai~tucti ~eqeorue obx aekitcbwckbx/ ukb ab`cocbde a~`bhix/ vidb hikt~iob~ oixxkti`bx vixctcqix de exe t~bxti~kièktbo+ Ob ckqextcmbhck uote~ci~ de-ìxt~ rue extbx xuxtbkhcbx noi-ruebnbk ob bhhck de oix ~ehevti-~ex D> de ob divb`ckb/ uk m~uviexvehachi de xekxi~ex ru`chix+Extbx ext~uhtu~bx xe ekhuekt~bk ekob xuve~achce de dete~`ckbdbx hou-obx ke~qcixbx s t~bkxvi~tbk obx xeb-oex de ob divb`ckb lbxtb eo ckte~ci~heouob~+ Vb~boeobèkte/ Bqcd Hb~oxik

dexhun~c rue ob bkaetb`ckb/ de obrue xe hikihb xu hbvbhcdbd ck-duhti~b de bouhckbhcikex s dcxti~-xcikex/ extcùobnb ob ocne~bhck dedivb`ckb ek eo he~en~i+

B vb~tc~ de exix dix lboobwmix xeooem b ob texcx de ob divb`ckb/rue extbnoehe7 ob bsi~b de oix xk-ti`bx de ob exrucwia~ekcb v~iqcekekde uk e|hexi de ocne~bhck de di-vb`ckb ek eo xcxte`b o`nchi ,~e-muobdi~ de obx eìhcikex# s oix o-nuoix a~iktboex ,c`vochbdix ek eo

êxuèk)Exrucwia~ekcb Du~bkte ob~mi tce`vi xe lb qekcdi xixtekcekdi rue ob ~bw de ob ex-

rucwia~ekcb xe ekhikt~bnb ek ob bote~bhck de uk xcxte`b vb~tchuob~deo he~en~i: b xbne~7 eo rue xe xc~qe de ob divb`ckb vb~b ob hiùkc-hbhck ekt~e keu~ikbx+

Ob hcekhcb hi`cekwb bli~b b dc~cmc~ xu btekhck lbhcb uk keu~it~bkx-`cxi~ dcxtckti/ eo moutb`bti/ husb aukhck xebocwbdi~b bvb~ehe ùsbote~bdb+ Vid~b/ ek eaehti/ dexe`veb~ uk vbveo c`vi~tbkte ek eot~bxti~ki+

Sb xe extk nuxhbkdi a~`bhix bhi~dex hik obx kueqbx cdebx xin~eeo i~cmek de ob exrucwia~ekcb+


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~bwikb`cekti bnxt~bhti#/ ~emcikexùs c`vi~tbktex deo he~en~i+

Ek oix otcìx 46 bix xe lb le-hli vbtekte ob vitekhcb ekhe~~bdb ekexb tei~b+ Tb`nck xux oc`ctbhci-kex+ Ob tei~b xe hi~~ini~b/ xin~etidi/ ek oix vbhcektex rue eqcdek-hcbk xkti`bx vixctcqix v~i`ckek-tex+ Ob xckti`btioimb ekhbgb s eot~btb`cekti ~exuotb eachbw+ Ob `c-ki~b de oix rue v~exektbk xoi `b-kcaextbhcikex vixctcqbx oim~b ooeqb~ukb qcdb bhevtbnoe hik e`voei/ab`cocb s è~`b c~~eoeqbkte de obxhbvbhcdbdex himkctcqbx hik eotce`vi/ xce`v~e s hubkdi ki bnbk-dike ob èdchbhck+

Ve~i ob texcx de ob divb`ckb ab-oob ek kuè~ixix hbxix+ Kix ~eae-~cìx b oix ekae~ìx husb xckti-`btioimb eè~me de `bke~b m~bdubo/ki de ~evekte: oix xcmkix kembtcqix

ehocvxbk ek eooix b oix vixctcqix+Extix exrucwia~kchix qcqek ~et~b-dix/ bcxobdix ek xu ùkdi du~bktebix+ @uext~bk ukb exhbxb bhtcqc-dbd himkctcqb: hik xue~te/ ègi~bkbomi xc ~ehcnek uk t~btb`cekti ab~-`bhiomchi cdkei+

Bkte tbktix a~bhbxix/ ki lb lb-ncdi `x ~eèdci rue ìdcachb~ obtexcx de ob divb`ckb+ Bx bomukixbt~cnuc~bk oix xkti`bx kembtcqixs himkctcqix b ukb nbgbdb de obhikhekt~bhck de divb`ckb ek oixonuoix a~iktboex s b uk buèktide ob `cx`b ek eo xcxte`b o`nchi+Dbdi rue ek eo onuoi a~iktbo v~e-di`ckbk oix ~ehevti~ex de divb`c-kb deo tcvi D2/ xe lb hièkwbdi bckqextcmb~/ vi~ bli~b xck |cti/ a~-`bhix rue extcùoek oix ~ehevti-~ex D2 s/ bo v~ivci tce`vi/ cklcnbkoix D>+

B ackboex de oix bix ihlektb xehi`v~in rue hce~tix a~`bhix obhoiwbvckb ,Hoiwb~co# vb~ehbk v~i-qihb~ èkix ~cmcdew s it~ix eaehtixxehukdb~cix de i~dek keu~iomchi

rue oix èdchbèktix t~bdchcikboex/hiì ob hoi~v~i`bwckb ,Tli~bwcke#i lboive~cdio ,Lbodio#+ êxuotbnbk/bde`x/ de `bsi~ eachbhcb ek eot~btb`cekti de xkti`bx vixctcqixs kembtcqix ve~xcxtektex+ Ob bh-hck cklcncdi~b de ob hoiwbvckb/ ukbktcvxchtchi btvchi/ xin~e oix ~e-hevti~ex de ob divb`ckb ki e~b tbkek~mchb hiì ob ive~bdb vi~ oixèdchbèktix t~bdchcikboex/ ve~ix ùs eachbw bkte it~ix keu~it~bkx-`cxi~ex+

Extix dexhun~c`cektix hikduge~ikbo dexb~~iooi s b ob bdivhck `b-xcqb de kueqix bktcvxchtchix btvc-hix rue xe nbxbnbk ek eo èhbkcxìde bhhck de ob hoiwbvckb+ ,Bomukbxde tboex ìohuobx/ xe xbn~b dex-vux/ vuedek v~iduhc~ dcbnetex sit~ix eaehtix xehukdb~cix ckexve~b-dix+# Ob divb`ckb deg de hikxc-de~b~xe eo kchi keu~it~bkx`cxi~ bo-te~bdi ek ob exrucwia~ekcb+

Obx tei~bx hekt~bdbx ek ob hik-hekt~bhck c~~emuob~ de divb`ckbxcmuek xck e|vochb~ vi~ ru uk ck-dcqcdui hik exrucwia~ekcb ~exvikdebo t~btb`cekti/ `cekt~bx rue it~i ki

e|ve~cèktb ègi~b bomukb+ Tb`vihiguxtcachbk vi~ ru xe intceke `bsi~|cti hik oix xkti`bx vixctcqix rueoix kembtcqix i oix himkctcqix+ Bde-`x/ s b vexb~ de dehekcix de ck-qextcmbhck/ ki xe lb lboobdi tidbqbkckmk ckdchci hikhousekte xin~e eovbveo de ob divb`ckb7 kc obx ekwc-`bx rue hbtbocwbk exte keu~it~bkx-`cxi~ kc oix ~ehevti~ex b oix rue xeuke bvb~ehek xuachcekteèkte bote-~bdix hiì vb~b db~ huektb de tidbob xckti`btioimb exrucwia~kchb+

Xc`coctudex hik ob aekhchocdckbXc ob divb`ckb ki hikxtctuse ob ~bwkotc`b de ob exrucwia~ekcb/ dkdenuxhb~ eo exobnk ve~dcdi9 Ob aek-hchocdckb ,VHV# ia~ehe ukb nuekbvcxtb+ Ek hikt~bvixchck hik ob bk-aetb`ckb/ rue c`ctb xoi oix xkti-`bx vixctcqix/ ob VHV ckduhe tidieo b`voci bnbkchi de `bkcaextbhci-kex bxihcbdbx b ob exrucwia~ekcb7 ke-mbtcqbx s himkctcqbx s/ ek ihbxci-kex/ vixctcqbx+ Extix eaehtix xeinxe~qbk ki xoi ek ckdcqcduix ruebnuxbk de ob aekhchocdckb/ xcki tb`-nck ek oix rue ~ehcnek dixcx nbgbxs exvi~dchbx de VHV i hetb`ckb

,uk bkextxchi hik eaehtix xeè-gbktex# ek v~uenbx hikt~iobdbx+

Qb~cix extudcix bhiètcdix ek oixbix xexektb extbnoehce~ik vb~boe-ocxìx ekt~e oix eaehtix de ob VHVs oix xkti`bx de ob exrucwia~ekcb+Deìxt~b~ik/ vi~ ege`voi/ rue oixckdcqcduix rue ~ehcnbk VHV v~e-xektbnbk ob `cx`b dcachuotbd vb~bckte~v~etb~ ~ea~bkex rue oix vbhcek-tex hik exrucwia~ekcb+

Ob ckqextcmbhck/ `x ~ehcekte/hik hetb`ckb ckdchb xeègbkwbx `x


HIIV

VLITIB

^T

HIOOEHTCQE

>+ OB VE^HEVHCIK DE A^BM@EKTIX hiì vb~tex de uk tidi vuede ~exuotb~ dcahco vb~bve~xikbx hik exrucwia~ekcb+ Bo inxe~qb~ c`mekex xehuekhcboex hiì obx rue bvb~ehekek ob acmu~b/ oix xugetix ki~`boex cdektcachbk ~vcdbèkte uk ~eoig+ B oix exrucwia~kchixoex huextb de db~ exe xboti+


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BOAÊDT+JB@BGCBK

HEÊNÎ HIK EXRUCWIAÊKCB@UHLBX ÊMCIKEX S XCXTE@BX deo he~en~i ive~bk deai~`b ckhi~~ehtb ek eo t~bxti~ki de exrucwia~ekcb+ Du~bktebomk tce`vi xe vekx rue eo i~cmek de extb ekae~èdbdsbhb ek ob hikhekt~bhck c~~emuob~ de ob divb`ckb/ ukkeu~it~bkx`cxi~+ Ve~i ob ckqextcmbhck ~ehc

investigación y ciencia 330 - marzo 2004

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