investigación y ciencia 332 - mayo 2004

7/21/2019 Investigación y ciencia 332 - Mayo 2004

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Bogtdhfc! ot~cz nd ‑Bï} nd|zh}o qtd ao atv‒! ti ahjzcnd nhutagomhýi) @o}~o o`czo! da zd}ta~onc dp|dzhbdi~oaoitimhonc di :<<?! x zdehionc di :<<=! |cz F) K)Wdjj x }t} mcaojczonczd} ò |dzboidmhnc di da ahbjc!ih omd|~onc ih zdmòvonc) \dzc òmd tic} bd}d} o|o"zdmhdzci itduo} bdnhmhcid}! cezdmhno} |cz Mòin x mc"aojczonczd}) Himcb|o~hjad} mci ao} nd Wdjj! }â dzoimcb|o~hjad} mci qtd ic òxo uozhonc ao mci}~oi~d) Aoudznon d} qtd da ~zojofc nd Mòin cezdmd di zdoahnon

EH]HMOAo c|omhnon nd ac} dp|dzhbdi~c}

Add ]bcahi dp|ahmojo oqtâ di ti oz~âmtac zdmhdi~d qtd ao gzoudnon mtïi~hmo nd jtmad} |zdnhmdqtd ac} zoxc} gobbo nd boxcz didzgâo }d |zc|ogoi bï} nd|zh}o qtd ac} nd didzgâo bdicz)

D}o ~dczâo etind ao bdmïihmo mtïi~hmo x ao zdao~huhnon gdidzoa nd ti bcnc qtd mcintmd o ao dph}"~dimho nd ‑ï~cbc}‒ nd d}|omhc~hdb|c) Fomcj Zc}dijdzg! nd ao IO]O! ic} ò zdmcznonc qtd d}~oogdimho oitimhojo di nhmhdbjzd tio zdet~omhýi nd ao |zdnhmmhýi nd ac} zoxc} gobbo) ]bcahi zd"|ahmo qtd ~oa zd}ta~onc idgo~huc }d jo}o di ao |zdbh}o oi~hdhi}~dhihoio! mci~zozho ~objhèi o ao ~dc"zâo mtïi~hmo nd jtmad}! nd qtd dph}~d ti bozmc nd zdedzdimho |zhuhadghonc) Kdaax Bhaa}! |cz c~zo |oz~d!

}omo o mcaomhýi ti ~zojofc nd ao Tihudz}hnon nd Oaojobo qtd zdet~o ao mtoi~hvomhýi nda ~hdb|c! oabdic} di ao d}moao }t|td}~o |cz ao ~dczâo nd jtmad}) ]bcahi mci}hndzo qtd }d ~zo~o nd ti ~zojofcdqthucmonc |czqtd bcndao da d}|omhc"~hdb|c mcbc ti di~d maï}hmc x ic mcbc ti di~d mtïi~hmc)

EH]HMONhïacgc ‑eâ}hmc‒ mci ac} adm~czd}

nc} d}~hbomhcid} nh}~hi~o}) Da zd}ta~onc nd|dind nd mtïad} }d }t|cigo qtdetdzci ao} ojtinoimho} h}c~ý|hmo} zdao~huo} nd nhudz}c} dadbdi~c}! da bogid}hc}cjzd ~cnc! òmd nhdv bha bhaacid} nd oÿc}) Da gzt|c nd Mòin mcbtihmo ~ob"jhèi ti otbdi~c nd ao mci}~oi~d mci da ~hdb|c) Ao `h}~czho }hgtd) Omojo ndo|ozdmdz ti ~dzmdz gzt|c qtd |zc|cid qtd ac} h}ý~c|c} |d}onc} |cnzâoi òjdzojtinonc bï}! mci zd}|dm~c oa bï} ahgdzc! di ~hdb|c} adfoic} x ondbï} dibdnhno }tehmhdi~d |ozo dp|ahmoz ac} zd}ta~onc} nd Wdjj }hi ~didz qtd zdmtzzhzo tio mci}~oi~d nd d}~ztm~tzo ehio)

Di ti ~zojofc hi~dziomhcioa! mhdi~âehmc} higad}d} x m`d"mc} boihehd}~oi qtd ao} btfdzd} zd}ta~oi bï}

o~zom~huo} di ac} nâo} eèz~had} nd }t mhmac bdi}~ztoa)³Mýbc }d ndbtd}~zo oagc }dbdfoi~d3 ]d ~cboi ec~c}nd >0 btfdzd} di d}o} edmò} x tic} nhdv nâo}nd}|tè}) ]d di}dÿoi d}~o} hbïgdid} o mhdi~c x |hmcbtfdzd} x c~zc} ~oi~c} `cbjzd}! ao bh~on nd Idwmo}~ad!ao bh~on nd \zogo! x }d ad} |zdgti~o di mtïa nd mono|oz d}~ojo bdfcz ao zd~zo~ono! }hi qtd }t|hd}di o qtèeo}d mczzd}|cinâo mono tio) Ao dadmmhýi }d `hvc nc}udmd}; di tio nd daao} }d }t|zhbâoi nhgh~oabdi~d mojd"aac x czdfo}) Uozcid} x btfdzd} nd \zogo |ozdmdi }dzbï} }di}hjad} oa dbjdaadmhbhdi~c `czbcioa6 mci ao}hbïgdid} }hi ~o|oz! mdzmo nd ti 5< $ nd ao} btfdzd}x oazdndncz nd ti 44 nd ac} `cbjzd} }d qtdnozcimci ao} ec~c} nda |dzâcnc eèz~ha) Ao} higad}o} òmâoi ac

bh}bc di ti |czmdi~ofd }ýac ti |cmc hiedzhcz o è}d ndac} `cbjzd} nd \zogo! |dzc ac} higad}d} |ozdmâoi bï}jhdi hinhedzdi~d} di~zd tio} ec~c} x c~zo}; di mobjhc!mci ao} ec~c} }hi mojdaac ih czdfo} dadgâoi o ao eèz~ha ti|cmc bï} o bditnc qtd }t} mcb|oÿdzo} nda di}oxc)Di \zogo! db|o~ojoi mci daao} di d}o} mcinhmhcid}!otiqtd ao }t|zd}hýi mo|haoz ic bcnhehmojo }t} |czmdi~o"

fd}! }hic qtd nh}bhitâo ti |cmc da nd ao} btfdzd}) Did}~o} uozhono} x ahgdzo} nd}uhomhcid} nda 4<#4< mci}h}~dao |ztdjo cezdmhno) Mzohg Zcjdz~}! |zhbdz ehzboi~d ndaoz~âmtac! ò d}~tnhonc ~objhèi ao zdommhýi oi~d ao} mo"bh}d~o} t}ono} nd `cbjzd x da }tncz nd ao} ophao})Mzdd „mcbc c~zc}„ qtd }d |tdndi nh}~higthz himci}"mhdi~dbdi~d nhedzdimho} gdiè~hmo} qtd oedm~oi oa cacznda }tncz (ao} `dbjzo} |zdedzhzâoi uozcid} mci ti gd"icbo btx nh}~hi~c nda }txc)

MCINTMÔ @TBOIOJo}d jhcaýghmo

A O J C Z O ^ C Z H C

I O M H C I O A A O W Z D I M D D I J D Z K D A D X ] \ A ( o z z h j o ; K D I J Z C W I ( m d i ~ z c ;

I O ] O # F \ A # M C Z I D A A ( o j o f c !

h b o g d i n d e c i n c ! I O ] O # F \ A # T

) ] )

G D C A C G H M O A ] T Z U D X ( h i } d z ~ c

Ac} nh}|c}h~huc} omc|aonc} o ao mozgo! mcbc è}~d nda ~dad}mc|hc Kdmk! òi mci~zhjthnc oac} ouoimd} nd ao o}~zcicbâo) \dzc di~dindz ac qtd }d ud ic d} bï} eïmha |cz daac)

Da ogto |cnzâo dp|ahmoz ac} bh}~d"zhc}c} nd}~daac} bozmhoic}) ^`cbo}

Ncjjhi} x Whaahob ]`ddòi |zdndmâoi diboxc nd :<<? ao o|ozhmhýi nd itduc}nd}~daac} |ozo ti bcbdi~c nd~dzbhionc)@ojâoi mcb|zcjonc qtd oi~dzhczd} nd}"~daac} }d òjâoi uh}~c di zdghcid} }h~to"no} nd boidzo qtd ao gdcbd~zâo zd}ta"~oi~d |zcntmhzâo zdeadphcid} d}|dmtaozd}!di itjd} mci mzh}~oad} nd `hdac d himat}cdi `hdac nd|c}h~onc di ao }t|dzehmhd) Di ftihc nd :<<? }ducauhdzci o cj}dzuoz ac} nd}~daac} mcieczbd o ac |zduh}~c)Ic dzo tio |ztdjo ehioa nd ao dph}~dimho nd `hdac }t|dz"ehmhoa) ]hi dbjozgc! da òaaovgc nda zcjc~ C||cz~tih~x nd

hinhmhc} nd ao ommhýi nd ogto di zcmo} nd Bdzhnhoih \aoitboÿond udzc}hbhah~tn o ao `h|ý~d}h} nd qtd ac} nd}~daac}bozmhoic} }d ndjdi o ao zdeadphýi di `hdac }t|dzehmhoa)

„F) Z) Bhikda

BOZ^DNd}~daac} di ao aaoitzo

Ac} icnc} bozmhoic}! c ‑ozïinoic}‒ ( zdmtonzc! qtd}d òi òaaonc di ‑Da Mo|h~ïi‒ x c~zo} zcmo} (di jaoimc x idgzc |ozdmdi hinhmhc} nd ogto |zd~èzh~o)



D}~onâ}~hmo}

nd ac} mcieahm~c}jèahmc}

Mci~db|adbc} da ediýbdic nd ao gtdzzo mciezhoanon x nh}~oimhobhdi~c! mcbc }h d}~tuhè"}dbc} cj}dzuoinc ac} nh}|ozo~d} nd c~zod}|dmhd di ti |aoid~o adfoic) Nd}nd ~oicaâb|hmc |ti~c nd uh}~o! ao gtdzzo |ozdmdzïti |o}o~hdb|c joaonâ) Ndbcgzïehmobdi~d!

o|dio} ~hdid hb|cz~oimho) Ao} jofo} uhdidi o }t|cidz

di ~czic oa tic |cz mhdi~c nd ~cnc} ac} eoaadmhbhdi~c};di btm`c} atgozd}! }ci bï} ac} ýjh~c} |cz }thmhnhcx! di btm`c} bï} ~cnouâo! ao} btdz~d} |cz ommhndi~d)]h di~dinhèzobc} qtd ac |zhimh|oa d} duh~oz ao |èznhnond uhno}! bï} }d acgzozâo duh~oinc ac} o`cgobhdi~c}x ac} }hihd}~zc} nd ~zïehmc qtd |cz ao ojcahmhýi nd aogtdzzo)

\dzc ionhd di itd}~zc |aoid~o |tdnd cj}dzuoz aogtdzzo nd}nd ~oi oa~o |dz}|dm~huo x ~oi ot}~dzo dmto"ihbhnon) Ih }hqthdzo ac} nhc}d} nda Cahb|c acgzojoiudz}d oa bozgdi nd ac} mcieahm~c} ~dzzdic}) @ox di dadi~zdm`cmoz nd ao} ozbo} tio etdzvo d}|dmhoa qtd |zc"ucmo ao} dbcmhcid} bï} uhcadi~o} „|hdnon x obcz!bhdnc x cnhc„ qtd ~czioi itd}~zo zd}|td}~o o ao} jo" fo} di da mob|c nd jo~oaao nd}bd}tzono mci zd}|dm~co ao} d}~onâ}~hmo} uh~oad}) Ao etdzvo nd ao gtdzzo! mtoincaadgo! ozzcfo oa ~om`c! }hi mci~db|aomhcid}! ac} o}|dm~c}~zoiqthac} nd ao uhno6 ionhd |dzboidmd hi}di}hjad) Aoboxczâo nd ic}c~zc} c|~o |cz tic t c~zc joinc! |dzchimat}c di~zd qthdid} bdzobdi~d nd}doi qtd md}diac} mcbjo~d}! ac} }di~hbhdi~c} }ci nd gzoi hi~di}hnon)(‑Bhah~oi~d oi~hbhah~ozh}~o‒ ic d} di oj}cat~c ti cpâ"bczci)

Ao} bh}bo} d hieaobono} |o}hcid} qtd mciehdzdi oao gtdzzo }t o|zdbhoi~d hi~dzè} `tboic }d hi~dz|cidi~objhèi di }t d}~tnhc omonèbhmc) Da hb|ozmhoa difth"mhobhdi~c nd ao} ommhcid}! zdm~o} c boauono}! |ozdmd

nda ~cnc hb|c}hjad) Ao }t|dzomhýi nd ao} jozzdzo} hb"|td}~o} |cz ao mta~tzo d hndcacgâo |zc|ho} mci}~h~txd!o}hbh}bc! ti |zcjadbo! |cz ic bdimhcioz ao} ahbh~o"mhcid} qtd hb|cidi da ~hdb|c x da atgoz) Omc}~tbjzobc}udz ~cno} ao} gtdzzo} o ~zouè} nda mzh}~oa nda mcieahm~cdi mtz}c; dpmouobc} di ao `h}~czho di jt}mo nd adm"mhcid} qtd zd}|oandi ao ehioahnon nda bcbdi~c)

Tio ndedi}o ezdi~d o ~oad} nh}~cz}hcid} mci}h}~d diao zdmc|haomhýi d}~onâ}~hmo nd no~c} zdao~huc} o btmò}gtdzzo}! ~cbonc} nd itbdzc}o} etdi~d}! mci ao d}|d"zoivo nd qtd oa bdic} oagtic} }d}gc} aadgtdi o mcb"|di}oz}d di~zd }â! otiqtd }do di |oz~d! x |tdnoi }oahzo ao atv ao} zdgtaozhnond} ot~èi~hmo}) ^zï~o}d nd ti bè"~cnc jtznc! nd etdzvo jzt~o! ic dpdi~c nd dzzczd}! |dzciono ~didbc} qtd |ozdvmo bï} |zcbd~dncz) Tic ndac} |hcidzc} nd d}~d d}~tnhc mtoi~h~o~huc nda ediýbdicjèahmc etd Adwh} Ezx Zhmòzn}ci! ti bd~dczýacgc jzh~ï"ihmc nd objhmhc}o! otiqtd |zdbo~tzo! himtz}hýi di ao|zdnhmmhýi nda ~hdb|c |cz bè~cnc} itbèzhmc}! qthdi~objhèi ndnhmý |oz~d nd }t cjzo oa d}~tnhc bo~dbï"~hmc nd ac} mcieahm~c} ozbonc})

Gtdzzo x |ovZhmòzn}ci iomhý di ?00?! di tio |zý}|dzo eobhaho ndmtïqtdzc} nda icz~d nd Higao~dzzo) D}~tnhý eâ}hmo diMobjzhngd mci F) F) ^`cb|}ci! ncind onqthzhý gzoi|dzhmho di ao zd}catmhýi o|zcphbono nd dmtomhcid} nh"edzdimhoad} |cz bè~cnc} itbèzhmc}) ôa mao}d nd bè"~cnc} o|zcphbonc} mci}~h~txd `cx tio hb|cz~oi~d hi"nt}~zho bo~dbï~hmo! |dzc di oqtdaac} ~hdb|c} ih o~zoâoigzoi hi~dzè}! ih dzoi nh}~hi~huc nd tio dadmmhýi }ogovnd mozzdzo |zced}hcioa) ^zo} tio }dzhd nd icbjzobhdi"~c} nd mcz~o ntzomhýi „~cnc} oadfonc} nd ao }dino mci"ntmdi~d o ao mï~dnzo„ Zhmòzn}ci dimci~zý zdetghc |zc"

ed}hcioa di ao hiud}~hgomhýi bd~dczcaýghmo! mob|c dida qtd dedm~tý o|cz~omhcid} hb|cz~oi~d} o ao ~dczâo ndao ~tzjtadimho o~bc}eèzhmo) Di ?8?5! nhbh~hý nd }t |td}"~c |ozo |zd}~oz }dzuhmhc di Ezoimho mcbc mcintm~cz ndobjtaoimho}) Aaduý o mojc ao boxcz |oz~d nd ac} mïamt"ac} nd }t bcndac nd |zdnhmmhýi bd~dczcaýghmo di~zd~tzic x ~tzic di da ezdi~d) (Ao |zdnhmmhýi ic zd}ta~ýti èph~c! |dzc ao hndo di qtd }d hi}|hzojo dzo uïahno;~cnc} ac} bcndzic} bè~cnc} nd |zdnhmmhýi nda ~hdb|c}d etinoi di bè~cnc} }hbhaozd})

^zo} ao gtdzzo! ao o~dimhýi nd Zhmòzn}ci }d etd nd}"|aovoinc |cmc o |cmc nd}nd ao bd~dczcacgâo òmhomtd}~hcid} o}cmhono} o ao gtdzzo x o ao} zdaomhcid} hi"


Ac} mcieahm~c} ozbonc} }ci mcb|ozojad} o }dâ}bc})

\cnzâoi }dz gzontonc} di tio d}moao acgozâ~bhmo! }hbhaoz o ao nd Zhm`~dz)

Ic |ozdmd òjdz tio eczbo maozo nd |zdudzac} c hb|dnhzac}

Jzhoi @oxd}

?) AO GZOI GTDZZO DI AO \AOÔ (?054"?07<! c gtdzzo nd ao~zh|ad oahoivo! ehgtzo di~zd ao} |dczd} moaobhnond} nd ao `h}~czhobcndzio; }hi dbjozgc! d} |cmc mcicmhno etdzo nd ac} |oâ}d} hb"|ahmonc}6 \ozogtox! Tztgtox! Ozgdi~hio x Jzo}ha) D}~o gtdzzo oa"moivý bogih~tn 5! ac qtd }hgihehmo qtd btzhdzci oazdndncz nd tibhaaýi nd mcbjo~hdi~d}) ]d btd}~zo oqtâ ti ezogbdi~c nd ‑^zo}ao jo~oaao nd Mtzt|ox~â‒! cjzo nda |hi~cz ozgdi~hic Mïinhnc Aý|dv!qtd |dznhý ao boic ndzdmò di Mtzt|ox~â x }d uhc cjahgonc! dimci}dmtdimho! o o|zdindz o |hi~oz mci ao hvqthdzno) Da mtonzc }ddp|cid di da Bt}dc Iomhcioa nd Jdaao} Oz~d} nd Jtdic} Ohzd})O

bdzhmoi]mhdi~h}~

?< HIUD]^HGOMHÝI X MHDIMHO! boxc! :<<>

~dziomhcioad}) Mcb|zcjý qtd |oz~d nd }t hi}~ztbdi~oabo~dbï~hmc }dgtâo }hdinc nd t~hahnon) Di |oz~hmtaoz!bcndahvý ao} mozzdzo} nd ozbobdi~c} bdnhoi~d dmtomhc"id} nhedzdimhoad}) Ao bcz~âedzo d}|hzoa nd ao d}moaono„di ao qtd da oz}dioa nd tio |c~dimho hintmd qtd c~zootbdi~d }t ozbobdi~c |zc|hc! o ac mtoa ao |zhbdzo zd}"|cind mci bï} ozbo} ~cnouâo„ ~hdid |zd}~o zd|zd}di"~omhýi di ti }h}~dbo nd nc} dmtomhcid} nhedzdimhoad})Zhmòzn}ci ndbc}~zý qtd tio mozzdzo nd ozbobdi~c}}ýac |cnâo d}~ojhahvoz}d }h ao ‑eo~hgo x da nh}|dinhc‒ ndao |zd|ozomhýi nd ao gtdzzo aadgojoi o }t|dzoz ao |dz"md|mhýi nd obdiovo |cz |oz~d nd ac} didbhgc}) D}~dzd}ta~onc ic jzhaao ih |cz }t |zcetinhnon ih |cz }t hi"icuomhýi; oti o}â! da oiïah}h} nd Zhmòzn}ci etd cjfd~cnd btm`c mcbdi~ozhc (di }t boxcz |oz~d! d}mè|~hmc!|czqtd ao} dmtomhcid} cezdmâoi ao |c}hjhahnon nd tiond~dzbhiomhýi mtoi~h~o~huo nda zhd}gc nd gtdzzo) ]h etdzo

|c}hjad mciehoz di ao} dmtomhcid} nd Zhmòzn}ci! o ac}cj}dzuonczd} ad} jo}~ozâo ehfoz}d di ac} go}~c} di oz"bobdi~c} |ozo |zd|ozoz ti |zciý}~hmc jèahmc }hbhaoz otio |zdnhmmhýi bd~dczcaýghmo)

Ac} bcndac} bo~dbï~hmc} nd ao} mozzdzo} nd ozbo"bdi~c} òi dp|dzhbdi~onc ta~dzhczd} zdehiobhdi~c} nd}ndac} ~hdb|c} nd Zhmòzn}ci) ]d ad} `hvc himat}c ti `tdmcdi ao} ndahjdzomhcid} nd âincad |caâ~hmo ntzoi~d ao eo}dnd ‑nd}~ztmmhýi bt~to o}dgtzono‒ nd ao Gtdzzo Ezâo)\dzc ao} hinogomhcid} nda |zc|hc Zhmòzn}ci ~cbozcitio nhzdmmhýi ti ~oi~c nhedzdi~d) Jo}oz}d di ac} oz}d"ioad} |zd}t|cid qtd tio nd ao} mot}o} nd~dzbhioi~d} ndao gtdzzo d} ao omtbtaomhýi nd ozbobdi~c}! c oa bd"ic}! qtd ~hdid tio etdz~d mczzdaomhýi mci daao) C~zo}~dczâo} }cjzd da czhgdi nd ao} gtdzzo} mozgozâoi da omdi~cdi c~zc} eom~czd}6 ao }h~tomhýi dmciýbhmo nd ao} iomhc"id}! ao} nhedzdimho} nd mta~tzo d hnhcbo! ao dehmomho ndao nh|acbomho x ao bdnhomhýi) Ic òx d}mo}dv nd ~oad}~dczâo}; da |zcjadbo d}~zhjo di dadghz di~zd daao}) Zhmòzn}ci|zc|ciâo qtd ao} ~dczâo} }cjzd ao gtdzzo |cnâoi! x ndjâoi!}dz duoatono} mci etinobdi~c} mhdi~âehmc}! mci~zo}~ïi"ncao} mci no~c} zdao~huc} o gtdzzo} zdoad}) \cz ac mtoa

}d nh}|t}c o zdmc|haoz ~oad} no~c})Ic etd Zhmòzn}ci da |zhbdzc di ~cboz d}~o }dino)

Di ac} |zhbdzc} oÿc} nda }hgac PP! }d mciedmmhciozciuozho} ah}~o} nd gtdzzo}) C~zc} nc} mo~ïacgc} nd gtdzzo}etdzci mcb|haonc} |cz \h~hzhb O) ]czckhi! ti }cmhýacgcnd czhgdi zt}c! x |cz _thimx Wzhg`~! nd ao Tihudz}hnonnd M`hmogc! di ac} oÿc} ~zdhi~o x mtozdi~o nda |o}onc}hgac) Zhmòzn}ci mcbdivý }t |zc|ho zdmc|haomhýi ò"mho ?8>< x }hgthý ~zojofoinc di daao ò}~o }t btdz~d!di ?84=) Ic etd da }txc da mcifti~c bï} ob|ahc nd no"~c}! |dzc }â da bï} hnýidc |ozo da oiïah}h} d}~onâ}~hmc)

Otiqtd Zhmòzn}ci |tjahmý oagtic} nd }t} d}mzh~c}}cjzd ao gtdzzo di oz~âmtac} nd zduh}~o} x di ecaad~c}!}t} hndo} }ýac oamoivozci nhet}hýi ~zo} ao dnhmhýi ndnc} ucaöbdid} |ý}~tbc}! o|ozdmhnc} di ?85<) ]t ~zo"jofc }cjzd mozzdzo} nd ozbobdi~c} d}~ï zdmcghnc di Ozb} oin Hi}dmtzh~x; ac} d}~tnhc} d}~onâ}~hmc} ehgtzoidi ]~o~h}~hm} ce Ndonax _tozzda}) Ao mcadmmhýi nd }t}oz~âmtac} }d ò zdmcghnc! ondbï}! di ac} nc} ucaöbd"id} nd Mcaadm~dn \o|dz}! |tjahmonc} di ?88=) ôbjhèibd `d jo}onc di ti d}~tnhc zdoahvonc di ?80< |czNouhn Whakhi}ci! nd ao Tihudz}hnon nd Moahecziho diAc} Oigdad}! qtd cezdmd ac} no~c} nd Zcjdz~}ci di tieczbo~c zomhcioahvonc x btm`c bï} adghjad)

‑Ao mc}hehmhnon eoaao‒Da mo~ïacgc nd mcieahm~c} nd ]~o~h}~hm} ce Ndonax _tozzda}

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Ao ndmh}hýi nd }h~toz di ti bh}bc |aoic o gtdzzo}x o}d}hio~c} jt}mojo ao |caèbhmo) O qthdid} }c}~hdidiqtd ‑da o}d}hio~c d} ti mzhbdi dgcâ}~o x ojcbhiojad!bhdi~zo} qtd ao gtdzzo d} tio oudi~tzo `dzchmo x |o"~zhý~hmo‒! Zhmòzn}ci ad} zd}|cind6 ‑]d |tdndi òaaozmo}c} nd `cbhmhnhc qtd ti gzoi gzt|c nd |dz}cio} òmcindionc mcbc o}d}hio~c! bhdi~zo} qtd c~zc gzoi gzt|cac} ò mcincionc c oaojonc mcbc gtdzzo} adgâ~hbo})ôad} mc}o} cmtzzhdzci di Hzaoino di ?8:? x d}~ïi cmt"zzhdinc o`czo di \oad}~hio‒) (Zd}ta~o nd|zhbdi~d qtdac} dfdb|ac} nd Zhmòzn}ci }hgoi }hdinc ~oi uïahnc}!~zoi}mtzzhnc} 4< oÿc}) \dzc }h Zhmòzn}ci nd}dm`ý ao}nh}~himhcid} bczoad} di~zd ao} nhudz}o} eczbo} nd `c"bhmhnhc! }â zdmcicmhý nhehmta~ond} bd~cncaýghmo}) Ao}gtdzzo} |dz~didmdi oa ncbhihc omonèbhmc nd ao `h}~c"zho! x ac} o}d}hio~c}! oa nd ao mzhbhicacgâo! x zd}ta~onheâmha zdmcimhahoz ac} no~c} d}~onâ}~hmc} nd objc} gzt"|c}) Ao gobo nd mcieahm~c} mci btdz~d} qtd bdnho di"~zd da o}d}hio~c x ao gtdzzo }d ~czio ~cnouâo bï} |zc"jadbï~hmo) Ac} nd}ýzndid}! himtz}hcid} d hi}tzzdmmhcid}òi }hnc ndbo}honc |dqtdÿc} x ndbo}honc ezdmtdi~d}|ozo bdzdmdz ao o~dimhýi nd ac} `h}~czhonczd}! x }t mozïm"

~dz! ndbo}honc |caâ~hmc |ozo ac} mzhbhiýacgc})Di da mo}c nd ao} gtdzzo} gzoind}! Zhmòzn}ci mcb"

|haý }t ah}~o }hzuhèinc}d nd ac} ~dp~c} nd `h}~czho! db"|dvoinc mci ao} di~zono} nd ao Dimhmac|dnho Jzh~ïihmox |o}oinc nd}|tè} o etdi~d} bï} nhudz}o} x d}|dmho"ahvono}) Dp~zofc ac} no~c} }cjzd o}d}hio~c} nd hieczbd}iomhcioad} }cjzd da ndah~c) \ozo }oauoz da `ho~c di~zdgtdzzo} x o}d}hio~c} ~zo~ý nd hi~dz|caoz x dp~zo|caoz!uoahèinc}d ~objhèi nd c~zc} bdnhc} nd d}~hbomhýi! |dzczdmcicmhý qtd }t} zd}ta~onc} di d}~d mob|c dzoi nè"jhad} d himcb|ad~c}) ]h~tý mcifti~obdi~d gtdzzo} mh"uhad} d hi~dziomhcioad} di tio bh}bo ah}~o! ontmhdincqtd ao nhedzdimho di~zd daao} dzo! o bditnc! nhet}o)

Tio hi~dzd}oi~d di}dÿoivo nda dfdzmhmhc nd Zhmòzn}cimci}h}~d! |zdmh}obdi~d! di ac nheâmha qtd |tdnd zd}ta"~oz ao dp~zommhýi nd no~c} mtoi~h~o~huc} mc`dzdi~d} o|oz~hz nd ac} zdgh}~zc} `h}~ýzhmc}) Bï} eïmha |ozdmd }dzda zdmtdi~c nd goaopho} hiommd}hjad} c nd hiuh}hjad} idt"~zhic} qtd da nd ao} gtdzzo} qtd òi jozzhnc iomhcid}di~dzo} òmd ~oi }ýac ti }hgac) Mhdz~c} o}|dm~c} nd ao`h}~czho bhah~oz }ci! mhdz~obdi~d! bc~huc} nd nh}|t~o;ic }d |tdnd d}|dzoz qtd ~cnc} ac} `h}~czhonczd} d}~èind omtdznc }cjzd qthèi db|dvý tio gtdzzo c qthèi etdda udimdncz) \dzc zd}ta~o himat}c qtd `dm`c} jï}hmc}!mcbc qthèid} etdzci ac} mcbjo~hdi~d}! mtïinc db|d"vozci x mtïinc mcimatxdzci ac} mcbjo~d}! c mtïi~o}jofo} `tjc! |tdndi }dz ic~ojadbdi~d nheâmhad} nd ehfoz)

Btmò} gtdzzo} }d etindi di tio! }d d}mhindi c ic~hdidi ti |ti~c maozc nd mcbhdivc c ehi) Mcbc Zcjdz~}ci}dÿoao! ‑ao mc}hehmhnon eoaao‒)

\ozo czgoihvoz }t} no~c}! Zcjdz~}ci ~cbý nd ao o}"~zcicbâo tio hndo mztmhoa6 mao}hehmý ao} gtdzzo} x c~zc}diezdi~obhdi~c} o~dinhdinc o }t bogih~tn ! qtd }d nd"ehid mcbc da acgozh~bc di jo}d ?< nda iöbdzc ~c~oa ndbtdz~d}) O}â! tio mob|oÿo ~dzzczh}~o qtd |zcucmo ?<<btdz~d} ~hdid bogih~tn :! x tio gtdzzo mci ? bhaaýind jofo} d} ti mcieahm~c nd bogih~tn 5) Ti o}d}hio~cqtd |zcntvmo tio }cao uâm~hbo d} nd bogih~tn < (noncqtd ?<< 2 ?) Ao dadmmhýi nd ao d}moao acgozâ~bhmo }dndjhý! di gzoi |oz~d! o ao idmd}hnon nd òjèz}dao} mci

ao} ahbh~omhcid} nd ac} no~c} nh}|cihjad}6 otiqtd zozoudv }d mtdi~o mci no~c} |zdmh}c} }cjzd da ~c~oa nd jo" fo}! }tdad |cndz}d d}~hboz }t acgozh~bc mci ti dzzcznd ¿<!4) (Tio gtdzzo nd bogih~tn 5 ¿ <!4 |tnc òjdzmot}onc di~zd =?5)::0 x =)?5:):70 btdz~d}) \dzc dat}c nd bogih~tnd} acgozâ~bhmo} cezdmd ~objhèi tio udi"~ofo |}hmcaýghmo6 d} |c}hjad |ao}boz da d}|dm~zc di~dzcnd ao uhcadimho `tboio di tio d}moao öihmo)

Uhcadimho oado~czhoAo ah}~o nd gtdzzo} mcb|haono |cz Zhmòzn}ci (di aoudz}hýi zdehiono |cz Whakhi}ci bdimhcio =?4 mcieahm~c}nd bogih~tn :!4 c boxcz (d} ndmhz! mci oa bdic} tic}=<< btdz~c}) Ic ic} }cz|zdind qtd ao} nc} gtdzzo}btinhoad} nda }hgac PP dimojdmdi da dadimc6 }ci ac}öihmc} mcieahm~c} nd bogih~tn 7 nd ao `h}~czho `tboio)]â }cz|zdind ao bdnhno di ao qtd ao} gtdzzo} btinho"ad} |zdncbhioi }cjzd da ~c~oa gdidzoa nd btdz~d}) Di~zdobjo} noi mtdi~o nd tic} =5 bhaacid} nd btdz~d}! acqtd }t|cid oazdndncz nda 5< |cz mhdi~c nd ~cno} ao}btdz~d} di ac} mcieahm~c} nda hi~dzuoac nd ?=< oÿc})O~dinhdinc o }t ~oboÿc! ao mo~dgczâo }hgthdi~d }d di"mtdi~zo di da c~zc dp~zdbc nda d}|dm~zc6 ao mci}~h~txdiac} }tmd}c} nd bogih~tn < (nh}|t~o} di ao} qtd btzhd"zci nd ? o = |dz}cio}! qtd etdzci zd}|ci}ojad} nd8!7 bhaacid} nd hi~dzedm~c}) O}â |td}! da zd}~c nd ao}

=?4 gtdzzo} zdgh}~zono}! fti~obdi~d mci ~cnc} ac} bh"aaozd} nd mcieahm~c} nd ~oboÿc hi~dzbdnhc! |zcntfdzcibdic} nd ao mtoz~o |oz~d nd ~cno} ao} btdz~d})

Ao ah}~o nd gtdzzo} nd bogih~tn 5 btdud ~objhèi oao }cz|zd}o! }h jhdi nd c~zc ~h|c) Zhmòzn}ci hndi~hehmý}hd~d nd d}~c} mcieahm~c}! da bdicz nd ac} mtoad} |zc"ucmý bdnhc bhaaýi nd btdz~d}! x da boxcz! di ~czico : bhaacid}) ]d ~zo~o! maozobdi~d! nd gzoind} mciuta"}hcid} di ao `h}~czho nda btinc; }d |cnzâo |di}oz qtdmtoaqthdz |dz}cio mta~o |cnzâo bdimhciozac} mo}h ~c"nc}) \ztdjd o òmdzac da adm~cz) Ac} }hd~d mcieahm~c} mcibhaacid} nd btdz~d} qtd Zhmòzn}ci ditbdzo! }ci! |czczndi mzcicaýghmc x mci ac} icbjzd} onc|~onc} |cz

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o dimci~zoz jtdio mcimcznoimho) O}â |td}! ac} no~c}ic noi bc~huc |ozo |di}oz qtd ao} gtdzzo} }doi c~zomc}o qtd ommhndi~d} mci tio nh}~zhjtmhýi oado~czho)

Zhmòzn}ci ~objhèi dpobhiý }t} no~c} di jt}mo ndhinhmhc} nd ~dindimho} o aozgc |aovc di ao himhndimhond ao gtdzzo) O |d}oz nd qtd di ao zd|zd}di~omhýi mzc"icaýghmo nd ac} no~c} o|ozdvmoi mhdz~o} zdgtaozhnond}qtd aaoboi ao o~dimhýi! Zhmòzn}ci aadgý o ao mci"mat}hýi nd qtd ao} ~dindimho} ic }ci ac jo}~oi~d mao"zo} mcbc |ozo nd}moz~oz ao} eatm~tomhcid} oado~czho})‑Ao mcadmmhýi! di }t mcifti~c! ic zdeadfo ihigtio ~di"ndimho òmho ti iöbdzc boxcz! ih ~ob|cmc bdicz! ndnh}|t~o} eo~oad})‒ ]â dimci~zý oagtio ahgdzo hinhmomhýind ‑mci~oghc‒6 ao |zd}dimho nd tio gtdzzo di mtz}c|tdnd otbdi~oz di mhdz~o bdnhno ao |zcjojhahnon ndqtd db|hdmd c~zo)

Obo o ~t |zýphbc]h ao nhbdi}hýi ~db|czoa ic acgzo dp|ahmoz gzoi mc}o}cjzd ao gtdzzo! ³qtè ndmhz nd ao} zdaomhcid} d}|omho"ad}3 ³D} boxcz! c bdicz! qtd da |zcbdnhc ao |zcjo"jhahnon nd qtd nc} |oâ}d} udmhic} omojdi diezdi~onc}3

Tio x c~zo `h|ý~d}h} }ci ndedinhjad}) Ac} |oâ}d} ahbâ"~zced} ~hdidi! o bditnc! hi~dzd}d} mcbtid}! |cz ac qtdbï} }d |cnzâo d}|dzoz qtd }d mciuhz~hdzoi di oahonc}qtd di didbhgc}) \cz c~zo |oz~d! ac} udmhic} |cnzâoi~objhèi }dz zhuoad} qtd }d nh}|t~di |oz~d nd tic} bh}"bc} zdmtz}c}; d himat}c |tdnd qtd ac} udmhic} }doi!}dimhaaobdi~d! ti eo}~hnhc) Ao dph}~dimho nd gtdzzo} mh"uhad} zdoehzbo qtd uhuhz di mcb|oÿâo ic gozoi~hvo tiozdaomhýi obh}~c}o) (X di da dp~zdbc hiedzhcz nd ao d}"moao nd bogih~tnd}! o bditnc ao} |dz}cio} o}d}hioi o}t} |ozhdi~d})

Ao bd~cncacgâo mci qtd Zhmòzn}ci ~zo~ojo d}~o}mtd}~hcid} ~diâo mhdz~c ozcbo ~c|caýghmc) Di atgoz ndbdnhz ao nh}~oimho di~zd ac} |oâ}d}! }d ahbh~ý o |zd"gti~oz }h ~diâoi ezci~dzo mcböi) Nd}|tè}! di d}~tnhc}|c}~dzhczd}! zdehiý d}~o icmhýi ~zo~oinc nd bdnhz aoacigh~tn nd ao ezci~dzo mcböi! ac qtd ad aaduý o tioeo}mhioi~d nhgzd}hýi) Zhmòzn}ci! ~zojofoinc mci bo"|o} o nh}~hi~o} d}moao}! etd }dÿoaoinc ao} acigh~tnd} ndezci~dzo} x ah~czoad} mci bozmo} nhuh}czho}! x }d |dz"mo~ý nd qtd da zd}ta~onc nd|dind nda oft}~d nd ac} boz"monczd}; nhm`c nd c~zc bcnc! nd ao tihnon nd bdnhno)Ti ah~czoa qtd bhnd ?<< |o}c} nd ?< bb ic bdnhzïidmd}ozhobdi~d ?<<< |o}c} nd ? bb mono tic; d} |zc"jojad qtd }do bï}! |czqtd mtoi~c bdiczd} }doi ao}tihnond} bï} d}~zdmòbdi~d hzïi }hgthdinc ao hzzdgt"aoz aâido nd mc}~o) D}~d zd}ta~onc o|ozdmhý di tio |t"

jahmomhýi nd }dgtinc czndi; mtoinc Jdich~ Boindajzc~nhc mci daao |cz mo}toahnon! ao cj}dzuomhýi nd Zhmòzn}ci}d mciuhz~hý di tio nd ao} maoud} di qtd }d hi}|hzý }t~dczâo nd ac} ezom~oad})

Ntzoi~d da |dzâcnc ojozmonc |cz da d}~tnhc ndZhmòzn}ci òjâo tic} 5< d}~onc} d hb|dzhc} d}~ojad}(ac} hb|dzhc} mci~ojoi! |ozo }t} |zc|ý}h~c}! mcbc di"~hnond} hinhuhntoad}) Da iöbdzc bdnhc nd udmhic} ndd}o} iomhcid} zcinojo di ~czic o }dh} (x Zhmòzn}cicezdmhý ti jzhaaoi~d ozgtbdi~c gdcbè~zhmc! jo}onc diao zdaomhýi nd Dtadz }cjzd uèz~hmd}! ozh}~o} x mozo} ndti |cahdnzc! nd qtd ~oa iöbdzc ~hdid qtd }dz nd o|zc"phbonobdi~d }dh}! |ozo mtoaqthdz nh}|c}hmhýi |aot}h"

jad nd ac} |oâ}d}) \cz mci}hgthdi~d! }h ao} iomhcid} digtdzzo `tjhdzoi dadghnc o }t} didbhgo} di~dzobdi~d oa

ovoz! òjzâo tio |zcjojhahnon di ~czic o ti ?< |czmhdi~c nd qtd ti |oz mtoaqthdzo nd jdahgdzoi~d} zd}ta"~ozoi }dz udmhic}) Ao udznondzo |zc|czmhýi nd udmhic}di gtdzzo d} btm`c boxcz) Nd 8> gtdzzo} hi~dziomhc"ioad} mci }ýac nc} jdahgdzoi~d}! Zhmòzn}ci dimci~zý}ýac ?: mo}c} qtd ic mcb|oz~hdzoi ezci~dzo mcböi! acqtd hintmd o |di}oz qtd ao gtdzzo d}! }cjzd ~cnc! tio}ti~c di~zd udmhic})

\dzc zd}ta~ojo nheâmha gdidzoahvoz d}~o mcimat}hýi ogtdzzo} boxczd} x nd boxcz dp~di}hýi! |cz ao zovýi|zhimh|oa nd qtd ao} ‑gzoind} |c~dimho}‒ }ci udmhio}nd ~cnc}) Ac bdfcz qtd Zhmòzn}ci |tnc omdz etd oft}"~oz ac} no~c} bdnhoi~d ti bcndac jo}~oi~d mcb|ahmoncqtd o}hgiojo nhedzdi~d} |zcjojhahnond} o ac} mcieahm"~c} di~zd nc} gzoind} |c~dimho}! di~zd tio gzoi |c~dimhox ti d}~onc bï} |dqtdÿc! x di~zd nc} iomhcid} nd bd"icz zoigc) O`czo jhdi! dzhghz ti bcndac mci ~zd} |ozï"bd~zc} |ozo ~oi zdntmhnc mcifti~c nd no~c} ic zd}ta~obtx }o~h}eom~czhc) Ondbï}! Zhmòzn}ci mcimatxý qtdda ‑moc}‒ }dgtâo }hdinc da eom~cz |zdncbhioi~d di aodp|ahmomhýi nd ao} boxczd} gtdzzo} nda btinc6 da bh}bcdadbdi~c nd oado~czhdnon cj}dzuonc di da oiïah}h} |cz}dzhd} mzcicaýghmo} c|dzo di d}~d mo}c! otiqtd ‑zd}"~zhighnc |cz ao gdcgzoeâo x bcnhehmonc |cz }t |c~di"mho hiedmmhc}o‒)

³_tè }d |tdnd ndmhz }cjzd ac} eom~czd} }cmhoad}! dmciý"bhmc}! mta~tzoad} x c~zc} ogdi~d} mot}oad}3 Bhdi~zo}

mcb|haojo }t ah}~o nd gtdzzo}! Zhmòzn}ci etd oic~oi"nc ac} nhudz}c} dadbdi~c} qtd ac} h}~czhonczd} bdimhc"iojoi mcbc |c}hjad} hieatdimho} hzzh~oi~d} c o|omhgto"nczo}; jt}mý nd}|tè} mczzdaomhcid} di~zd d}~c} eom~czd}x ao jdahgdzoimho) Ac} zd}ta~onc} etdzci mo}h tihecz"bdbdi~d ndmd|mhcioi~d}) Ao} `h|ý~d}h} nda |zc|hcZhmòzn}ci }cjzd ao hb|cz~oimho nd ao} mozzdzo} ndozbobdi~c} ic ~tuhdzci mciehzbomhýi; }ýac dimci~zý|ztdjo} nd tio mozzdzo nd ozbobdi~c} |zd|ozo~czho di?= nd =?4 mo}c}) Zhmòzn}ci etd ~objhèi ti |zc|ta"}cz nda d}|dzoi~c! |dzc }t} d}|dzoivo} nd qtd ti adi"gtofd mcböi zdntfd}d ao |zcjojhahnon nd mcieahm~c} ic~tuc }t}~oimhomhýi di ac} no~c}) Ac} hinhmonczd} dmciý"

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Da öihmc eom~cz }cmhoa qtd }â ~hdid oagtio zdaomhýind~dm~ojad mci ao gtdzzo d} ao zdahghýi) Di da mcifti~cnd no~c} nd Zhmòzn}ci! ao} iomhcid} nd nhedzdi~d zd"ahghýi btd}~zoi boxcz |zcjojhahnon nd aadgoz o mcb"jo~hz}d qtd ao} qtd ao mcb|oz~di) Ondbï}! oagtio}}dm~o} |ozdmdi! di ~èzbhic} gdidzoad}! bï} jdahmc}o}(ac} d}~onc} mzh}~hoic} òi |oz~hmh|onc di ti iöbdzcnd}|zc|czmhcionobdi~d daduonc nd mcieahm~c}) \dzc d}"~c} dedm~c} ic }ci nd gzoi hb|cz~oimho)

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D}~o mci}hndzomhýi nd ao} gtdzzo} mcbc mo~ï}~zced}oado~czho} iono ~hdid nd zdmciecz~oi~d) Ic} qth~o damci~zca }cjzd itd}~zc nd}~hic; ic ndfo atgoz o ao uhz~tnc ao boanon hinhuhntoad}) ]h ao} gtdzzo} }d |zcntmdi}hi bï}! ³o qthèi }d ò nd mta|oz3 ôa hi~dz|zd~omhýi}t|cinzâo tio adm~tzo dzzýido nd ac} òaaovgc} ndZhmòzn}ci) Ao} ‑adxd}‒ d}~onâ}~hmo} ic mci}~h~txdi zd"gao} qtd gcjhdzidi da mcb|cz~obhdi~c ih nd ao} iomhc"id} ih nd ac} hinhuhntc}; }d ahbh~oi o nd}mzhjhz da mcb"|cz~obhdi~c di da mcifti~c) Ti o}d}hic |cnzâo ontmhzdi }t ndedi}o qtd ao ~o}o nd mzhbhioahnon d} tio moi"~hnon mcicmhno! x qtd oagthdi ò nd mci~zhjthz o boi"~didz nhmò mhezo! |dzc ic d} |zcjojad qtd ~oa ozgt"bdi~c }d goid ao }hb|o~âo nda ftzonc) Ih ao mcimhdimhoih ao zd}|ci}ojhahnon |dz}cioa }tezdi bdzbo oagtio |czao onc|mhýi nd tio bd~cncacgâo d}~onâ}~hmo)

Ac qtd }â zd}ta~o nd|zhbdi~d d} qtd ac} no~c} ic }t"ghdzdi ihigöi |aoi nd om~tomhýi maozc |ozo qthdid} nd"}doi zdntmhz da |zdncbhihc nd ao uhcadimho) Oa |zc|hcZhmòzn}ci ad zd}ta~ý ndmd|mhcioi~d qtd }t} d}~tnhc}ic hinhmo}di ihigöi zdbdnhc duhndi~d) ôa udv }t} d}"|dzoivo} etd}di dpmd}huo}) Ti eâ}hmc zd~hzonc qtd add

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\d~dz Jzdmkd! nda Hi}~h~t~c nd ^dmicacgâo nd Gdczgho!mcbdivý c~zo zdmcadmmhýi nd no~c}) ]t mo~ïacgc jofoò}~o ao bogih~tn ?!4 (oazdndncz nd =< btdz~d} x ojozmoti hi~dzuoac ~db|czoa btm`c bï} aozgc! |td} }d zd"~zc~zod ò}~o da ?><< n)M) Ditbdzo uozhc} bhad} ndmcieahm~c}) Da òaaovgc bï} hi~zhgoi~d ò}~o o`czo d}ti hb|zd}hcioi~d hi~dzuoac nd moabo! nd tio mdi~tzhond ntzomhýi! di da }hgac PUHHH)

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Ac} mci~zcaonczd} nda Aojczo~czhc nd \zc|ta}hýi o M`czzc(F\A nd ao IO]O ~hdidi ao mc}~tbjzd nd ojzhz tio jca}ond momo`td~d} |ozo qtd ad} nè jtdio }tdz~d) @ojâo aad"gonc da bcbdi~c) O ao} :<6:8 da ]|hzh~ mcbdivý }t bd"~dýzhmc nd}mdi}c) (\ozo }dz dpom~c}! di d}d bcbdi~caadgý ao }dÿoa nd mciehzbomhýi o ao ^hdzzo) O d}o `czo! da]|hzh~ xo òjâo ~cbonc }tdac di Boz~d6 ao ntno dzo }h acòjâo `dm`c nd tio }cao |hdvo c di btmò}) Oa mojc ndnc} bhit~c}! da býntac nd o~dzzhvofd òjâo ~dihnc qtd zd"}h}~hz da bïphbc moadi~obhdi~c o~bc}eèzhmc x ao bïphboetdzvo nd ndmdadzomhýi) \o}onc c~zc |oz nd bhit~c}! nd}"|adgý }t |ozomoâno} x dbdzghý nd ao mï|}tao) Oöi nc} bh"it~c} bï}! x }t} mcfhid} nd |zc~dmmhýi (‑ohzjog}‒ }d hi"eaojoi x ac} mci~zcaonczd} nd ao bh}hýi oitimhojoi6‑Mo|~obc} }dÿoad} nd zdjc~d} }cjzd ao }t|dzehmhd nd Boz~d‒)

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bhaacid} nd oÿc}) Ac} bc}ohmc} nd hbïgdid} nd oa~o x jofozd}catmhýi (j! m ob|aâoi da atgoz nd o~dzzhvofd) Ao} dah|}d}zd|zd}di~oi ao vcio nd o~dzzhvofd ehfono mcbc cjfd~huc (etdmobjhoinc ti |cmc mci da ~hdb|c; ao} aâido} obozhaao} }ciao} aâido} nd uh}hýi nd}nd ao |c}hmhýi hihmhoa nda ud`âmtac)

DA ATGOZ ND O^DZZHVOFD NDA ]\HZH^! da mzï~dzGt}du! d} }ýac da mtoz~c atgoz nd Boz~d qtd ac} }dzd}`tboic} `dbc} uh}~c mci nd~oaad) Da mzï~dz }d }h~öo dida aâbh~d di~zd ao} ~hdzzo} oa~o} nda }tz x ao} aaoitzo} ndaicz~d) D} tic nd ao |c}hjad bdnho ncmdio nd adm`c} ndaogc} qtd }d òi hndi~hehmonc di da \aoid~o Zcfc) Ac} at"

gozd} nd o~dzzhvofd nd ao ezomo}ono bh}hýi Jdogad : x ndaC||cz~tih~x! da gdbdac nda ]|hzh~! ~objhèi |tdndi òjdz}hnc oi~hgtc} aogc}) Da ~cnc~dzzdic nd tio bh}hýi oi~dzhcz!da Boz} \o~èhindz! ndobjtaý |cz ao nd}dbjcmontzo nd tigzoi moioa nd nd}ogñd) Ac} býntac} nd o~dzzhvofd nd ao}bh}hcid} Uhkhig }d |c}ozci di aaoitzo} }hi ommhndi~d})

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MCAHIO] CZHDIÔAD] D (hvqthdzno x E (ndzdmò di hbïgdid} ~cbono} mci ti hi~dz"uoac nd `czo}) ]d ud mýbc oedm~o da |cauc o ao uh}hjhahnon) Ao o~bý}edzo d} bï} |cauc"zhdi~o }cjzd da mzï~dz Gt}du nd ac qtd }d |zdndmâo; di mci}dmtdimho! da ud`âmtac dp|ac"zoncz d}~ï bï} ~db|aonc |dzc nh}|cid nd bdic} didzgâo }caoz) Ao mcahio D }ddimtdi~zo o =!? khaýbd~zc}! x ao E o >!: khaýbd~zc})

AO] ]DßOAD] ND OZZO]^ZD! ndfono}|cz ao} oabcònhaao} `himòjad} oa zd~zodz"}d! hinhmoi ti }tdac mc`d}hcionc; qthvï }d~zo~d nd |cauc mozgonc dadm~zc}~ï~hmobdi~dc ‑ntzhmzt}~‒ nèjhabdi~d mdbdi~onc! mcbcda qtd cj}dzuý ao bh}hýi Uhkhig)

D]^D JOZZHNC ^DZBHMC btd}~zo ao vcio qtd uo nda mcifti~c nd mcahio} czhdi~oad}ò}~o ao `dinhntzo ]add|x) Da |cauc d}~ï bï} moahdi~d (zcfc |czqtd ~hdid jofo hidzmho~èzbhmo! d} ndmhz! }d moahdi~o zï|hnobdi~d oa }ca) Ao} zcmo}! mci }t boxcz hidzmho~èzbhmo! |dzboidmdi bï} ezâo} (ovta ) C~zc} no~c} zdmcghnc} |cz da d}|dm~zýbd~zc nd hi"ezozzcfc} zdudaoi mozjcio~c nd bogid}hc x bhidzoad} `hnzo~onc}! |dzc ic }d }ojd oöiqtè }hgihehmo di zdaomhýi mci ao `h}~czho nda ogto di da mzï~dz Gt}du)

]DMTDIMHO ND O^DZZHVOFD nda ud`âmtac dp|aczoncz ]|hzh~!}hgthdinc da d}qtdbo qtd }d oi~hmh|ý di ao bh}hýi Boz} \o~èhindzdi ?887) Da ]|hzh~ di~zý di ao o~bý}edzo o 4!> khaýbd~zc} |cz }dgti"nc) Da zcvobhdi~c }cjzd da d}mtnc oi~h~èzbhmc zdntfc }t udacmhnon o>=< bd~zc} |cz }dgtinc! da |ozomoâno} ao nh}bhitxý ò}~o 7< bd~zc}|cz }dgtinc x ac} mc`d~d} ac nd~tuhdzci o }hd~d bd~zc} nda }tdac)(Ac} mc`d~d} ic mcb|ad~ozci da nd}mdi}c |czqtd d}c òjzâo dphghnctio} nd~dzbhiomhcid} nd ao nh}~oimho }tbobdi~d dpom~o} x ti oft}~d

btx ehic nda mci~zca nd ac} mc`d~d}) \zc~dghnc |cz ‑oabcònhaao}`himòjad}‒! da ]|hzh~ jc~ý :0 udmd} }cjzd ao }t|dzehmhd; }d nd~tuco tic} =<< bd~zc} oa }tnd}~d nda |ti~c nda |zhbdz hb|om~c)

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ao dbh}hýi nd ao }cino) Oa oÿc }hgthdi~d! di Boz~d! nd}o"|ozdmdzâo |ozo }hdb|zd)

Di ?88= ]qtxzd} x }t dqth|c |zc|t}hdzci c~zc mci" fti~c nd hi}~ztbdi~c}) Nd itduc etdzci zdmòvonc}) Bhdi~zo}|zcxdm~ojoi ti aojczo~czhc gdcaýghmc býuha! O~dido!}oa~ý ao ic~hmho nd qtd ti bd~dczh~c dimci~zonc di aoOi~ïz~hno |cnzâo mci~didz hinhmhc} nd uhno oi~hgto diBoz~d) Ao mcibcmhýi zduh~oahvý ao dp|aczomhýi nd Boz~d)Ao bh}hýi \o~èhindz nd ?887 ndbc}~zý ac qtd |cnâo ò"mdz ti ~cnc~dzzdic zcjý~hmc; di icuhdbjzd nd d}d oÿc aoIO]O nhc }t o|zcjomhýi o O~dido) ]qtxzd} }d dimci~zý oaezdi~d nd ti dqth|c nd ?7< mhdi~âehmc} x 5<< higdihdzc})

Nc} oÿc} nd}|tè}! ao IO]O |dznhý ao} bh}hcid} Boz}Mahbo~d Czjh~dz x Boz} \caoz Aoindz) Da dqth|c nd ]qtxzd}ic d}~ojo nhzdm~obdi~d hb|ahmonc! |dzc d}c} ezomo}c} }o"mtnhdzci ~cno} ao} om~huhnond} bozmhoio}) Mcbc zd}|td}~oo tio mcbh}hýi nd hiud}~hgomhýi! qtd ac} o~zhjtxý o qtdtio |cjzd ehioimhomhýi }d `tjhd}d fti~onc o ti dpmd}c ndmciehoivo! ao ogdimho otbdi~ý da |zd}t|td}~c |ozo ac} ~c"nc~dzzdic}) Ehioabdi~d mc}~ozci 0:< bhaacid} nd nýaozd})Zdbcvono} x mci tio itduo czhdi~omhýi! ao} bh}hcid}]|hzh~ x }t gdbdao! ao C||cz~tih~x! nd}|dgozci o ehid} nda

|o}onc udzoic) \ozo }cjzd|cidz}d o ~oi~c nd}o}~zd! mcbdi"~o ]qtxzd}! òx qtd }dz c|~hbh}~o |cz io~tzoadvo) ‑X |d}h"bh}~o |cz io~tzoadvo |ozo ic qtdnoz nd}|zdudihnc} oi~dmtoaqthdz dudi~toahnon)‒

Ti |aoid~o ahcehahvoncBhdi~zo} }d mcimdjâoi x bci~ojoi ac} nc} ~cnc~dzzdic}qtd dp|aczozâoi Boz~d! ao mhdimho bozmhoio |o}ojo |cz tibcbdi~c nd ogh~omhýi) Ao} bh}hcid} Bozhidz x Uhkhig ndac} oÿc} }d}di~o x }d~di~o ic} bc}~zozci ti btinc }hiuhno! ezâc x }dmc! |dzc d}mta|hnc mci ao} `tdaao} nd ti

oi~hgtc uhgcz6 }t~had} zdnd} nd uoaad} nd ti |o}onc zd"bc~c x gzoind} moioad} nd zhono} bdic} adfoio}) ]d d}"|dzojo qtd ac} itduc} }o~èah~d} dimci~zo}di bhidzoad}o}cmhonc} mci da ogto aâqthno6 mozjcio~c}! ozmhaao}! }oad})

Ntzoi~d ac} öa~hbc} }dh} oÿc} aozgc}! ao} }cino} czjh~o"ad} Boz} Gacjoa ]tzudxcz x Boz} Cnh}}dx „mci hi}~zt"bdi~c} hnèi~hmc} o ac} nd ao ezomo}ono Boz} Cj}dzudz„òi jt}monc! |dzc ic dimci~zonc! d}c} bhidzoad}) ]â nhd"zci mci d}~zo~c} nd cahuhic! bhidzoa qtd da ogto aâqthnondjdzâo òjdz ndgzononc) Ic cj}~oi~d! ~objhèi òi uh}~cjozzoimc} zdmhdi~d}! uhdfc} ah~czoad} x adm`c} nd aogc}! x tibhidzoa nd ýphnc nd `hdzzc! ao `dbo~h~d} gzh} (ic ndjd mci"etinhz}d mci ao zcfo! c `dzztbjzd! qtd |cz ac iczboa }deczbo di ogto aâqthno) Da |aoid~o mci~hdid dp~di}c} nd|ý"}h~c} nd `hdac x |zd}di~o bozmo} nd tio zdmhdi~d om~huhnongdcaýghmo x gaomhoa) Da nd}mcimhdz~c d} boxcz qtd itimo)

]dgöi Bo~~ Gcacbjdk! da gdýacgc |aoid~ozhc nda Ao"jczo~czhc nd \zc|ta}hýi o M`czzc qtd nhzhghý da dqth|cmhdi~âehmc nd ao bh}hýi \o~èhindz! o`czo bhdbjzc ndadqth|c hiud}~hgoncz nd ac} ~cnc~dzzdic} nd Boz~d! dandjo~d omdzmo nd ao} nhedzdimho} di~zd da di~czic bozmho"ic |zhbhgdihc x da ~dzzd}~zd d} btx uhuc) Mci ]|hzh~ x

C||cz~tih~x }d hi~di~o |cz |zhbdzo udv udzhehmoz di aobh}bo }t|dzehmhd bozmhoio mýbc etd zdoabdi~d oqtdabdnhc objhdi~d)

Ac} |aoihehmonczd} nd ao bh}hýi Uhkhig! di }t oeïi ndduh~oz ~cnc zhd}gc! diuhozci }t} nc} býntac} nd o~dzzh"vofd o ac} }h~hc} bï} oicnhic} nd Boz~d) Ao bh}hýi \o~`"ehindz! otiqtd bï} o~zduhno! ic etd bï} qtd ti utdac nd|ztdjo}) O|oz~d nda nd}dc gdidzoa nd d}~tnhoz ~oi~o} zc"mo} nhedzdi~d} mcbc etd}d |c}hjad! da dqth|c nd Gcacbjdk ic }d |zdcmt|ý ndbo}honc |cz nýind o~dzzhvojo) Ao} bh"}hcid} ]|hzh~ x C||cz~tih~x }ci ao} |zhbdzo} qtd }d òi|c}onc di atgozd} qtd ac} mhdi~âehmc} zdoabdi~d qtdzâoiuh}h~oz

Di tio uh}~o czjh~oa! da itduc `cgoz nda ]|hzh~! da mzï"~dz Gt}du! |ozdmd ti adm`c nd aogc) ^hdid tio ehio d}~zo"~hehmomhýi! nd|ý}h~c} mci eczbo nd nda~o x ~dzzovo} }hitc"}o}; }d dimtdi~zo di da dp~zdbc }d|~di~zhcioa nd Bo‘onhbUoaah}! tic nd ac} boxczd} uoaad} nda |aoid~o) Da C||cz~tih"~x uo di jt}mo nd `dbo~h~d} gzh}! qtd }d mcimdi~zo di Bd"zhnhoih \aoitb) \`ha M`zh}~di}di! gdýacgc |aoid~ozhc nd ao

:) \OICZOBO CMMHNDIÔA; da }tz mod o ao hvqthdzno! da icz~d o ao

ndzdmò) Ao vcio nd mcacz bï} maozc d} ao `dinhntzo nd ]add|x! tiond|zd}hýi |cmc |zcetino x nd ti nhïbd~zc nd oazdndncz nd itdud bd"~zc}! }h~tono o tic} ncmd bd~zc}) Ao} bozmo} c}mtzo} di ao }t|dzehmhd|cauczhdi~o nd ao nd|zd}hýi |tdndi }dz atgozd} ncind jc~ý da ud`âmtacdp|aczoncz oi~d} nd nd~didz}d) Onhzcinok }dzâo ao |zhbdzo |hdnzo boz"mhoio md|haaono (da 4 nd edjzdzc x di qtd }d ojzhý ti ogtfdzc (da 7)

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D}~o} `h|ý~d}h} }ýac }d |tdndi mczzcjczoz di ao }t|dz"ehmhd) Mcbc da uhdi~c ic |tdnd ~zoi}|cz~oz gzoic} nd ozd"io boxczd} nd bdnhc mdi~âbd~zc! da nd}mtjzhbhdi~c ndgzoic} boxczd} hb|ahmozâo ao dph}~dimho nd c~zc ogdi~d nddzc}hýi! |zcjojadbdi~d da ogto) Mtoinc ao `dbo~h~d} }dmzh}~oahvo di da ogto nd ti aogc (x ic! |cz dfdb|ac! di tiboioi~hoa moahdi~d! |oz~hmh|o o bditnc di ao zdommhýiqtâbhmo da bhidzoa gcd~`h~o) Ac} d}|dm~zýbd~zc} nd ac}ud`âmtac} dp|aczonczd} |tdndi jt}mozac) \hdvo o |hdvo! no~co no~c! ac} ~cnc~dzzdic} ndjdzâoi hz dp|ahmoinc qtd Boz~d}do o ao udv ~oi ofdic o ao ^hdzzo x ~oi |ozdmhnc o daao)

Boz~d uh}~c |cz ac} ~dzzâmcao}Tio} ~zd} `czo} nd}|tè} nd qtd da ]|hzh~ o~dzzhvo}d! da= nd didzc o ao} :=6=<! db|dvojoi o eathz ac} no~c}! zd"bh~hnc} o ~zouè} nd ao }cino czjh~oa Cnh}}dx) Ao }öjh~oo|ozhmhýi nd ao} |zhbdzo} hbïgdid} hb|zd}hciý o ac} ò"jh~tonc} o bh}hcid} oi~dzhczd}! mtoinc ao} hbïgdid} }d

hjoi eczboinc adi~obdi~d aâido o aâido! mcbc tio mcz"~hio qtd }d aduoi~o}d oi~d c~zc btinc) Da mzï~dz Gt}duhzztb|hý di ao }oao nd mci~zca)

Ao} mïbozo} |zhimh|oad} uoi hi}~oaono} }cjzd ti bï}"~ha nd ?!4 bd~zc} nd oa~tzo; ao uh}~o uhdid o }dz ao qtd }d~dinzâo d}~oinc nd |hd di da |aoid~o) \dzc }d ~ozno oagcdi omc}~tbjzoz}d) Fhb Jdaa! mhdi~âehmc nd Mczidaa qtd òd}~onc ~zojofoinc di ao mïbozo |oiczïbhmo nd mcacz \oimobnd}nd ?88>! mcbdi~o qtd di ac} di}oxc} mcb|zdinhý qtdti atgoz }d dp|dzhbdi~o nd boidzo btx nh}~hi~o mtoinc}d ac ud mci ac} cfc} nda ~cnc~dzzdic qtd mtoinc }d acmcicmd di |dz}cio) Ao }di}omhýi nd |zcetinhnon d} btxnh}~hi~o! |czqtd di da |zhbdz mo}c }d bhzo tio |zcxdmmhýi|aoio nda btinc x ic òx iono qtd }hzuo nd zdedzdimho)Ic òx ïzjcad}! ic òx mo}o}; eoa~oi ao} |h}~o} qtd ic}zcndoi d hinhmoi ao nh}~oimho o qtd d}~ïi ao} mc}o})

O |d}oz nd ~cnc! ao} |zhbdzo} hbïgdid} }cjzdmcgâoi! ndeobhahozd} qtd |ozdmâoi! mci }t} zcmo}! nd|zd}hcid}! mcah"io} x bd}d~o}) \dzc ao hiud}~hgomhýi d}|omhoa d} mcbc nd}"`cfoz ac} |è~oac} nd tio bozgozh~o) O |zhbdzo `czo nd ao

boÿoio nda :? nd didzc! }d |zd|ozojo oa ]|hzh~ |ozo qtdoioahvozo }t |zhbdzo zcmo) Onhzcinomk ao aaobozci! mcbcao} bci~oÿo} nda d}~onc nd Itduo Xczk) Ad czndiozci qtd|zcjozo tio |oz~d nda d}|dm~zýbd~zc nd hiezozzcfc}) Diuhýao }dÿoa nd qtd òjâo zdmhjhnc ao czndi) \dzc }dgthno"bdi~d dibtndmhý) Ntzoi~d nc} nâo}! ac} mci~zcaonczd} hi"~di~ozci mcbtihmoz mci èa mo}h tio ncmdio nd udmd}) \czehi zd}~ojadmhdzci mci~om~c) Otiqtd ic mczzâo hibhidi~d|dahgzc! da ]|hzh~ }d òjâo zdhihmhoahvonc |cz }â bh}bc bï}nd 5< udmd}) Da |zcjadbo d}~zhjojo di ao }o~tzomhýi nd aobdbczho eao}` ntzoi~d ao ~zoud}âo nd}nd ao ^hdzzo x di tiondgzonomhýi nda }h}~dbo nd ehm`dzc}) Da :8 nd didzc ]|hzh~ucauâo o ~zoi}bh~hz hbïgdid}) \ozo ac} |zhbdzc} nâo} ndedjzdzc! òjâo zdmt|dzonc }t etimhciobhdi~c iczboa)

Di ac} nâo} ~zoi}mtzzhnc} nd}nd di~cimd}! ]|hzh~ xC||cz~tih~x òi zdmczzhnc mhdi~c} nd bd~zc}! oioahvoncuozho} zcmo} x gdidzonc ndmdio} nd ghgojx~d} nd no~c})]|hzh~ oioahvý di ao }dgtino bh~on nd bozvc tio zcmo ndajcznd nda mzï~dz Jciiduhaad o ao qtd |ozdmd qtd dzc}hciýda uhdi~c) Ao òi ndicbhionc Bovo~voa! mcbc tio} bci"~oÿo} nd Ozhvcio) Ao |zd}dimho nd böa~h|ad} zdmtjzhbhdi"~c} x nd ezom~tzo} hi~dzhczd} zdaadio} nd bo~dzhoa ~zoi}ecz"

bonc |ozdmdi hinhmhc} nd qtd ao o~zoud}ý ogto)O |zhimh|hc} nd bozvc! qtd C||cz~tih~x `tjhd}d ò"

aaonc di ti oeaczobhdi~c zcmc}c |dqtdÿo} jcao} |tahno}!c ‑ozïinoic}‒! x ojtinoimho nd ovtezd x fozc}h~o }d hi"~dz|zd~ý mcbc |c}hjad |ztdjo nd qtd ogto} qthvï }tj"~dzzïido} db|o|ozci ao |hdnzo (è}d }dzâo ~objhèi da mo}cnd Bovo~voa) \dzc ao dph}~dimho nd d}~zo~c} qtd ic }ci|ozoadac} di~zd }â }dÿoaý di}dgthno qtd ndjhý nd d}~oz }t"bdzghno di oagöi eathnc) \ozo nd~dzbhioz }h }d ~zo~ojo ndogto! ic jo}~ojo ao zd}catmhýi nd ao mïbozo \oimob; }dzdmtzzhý o c~zc hi}~ztbdi~c! da Mzdoncz nd Hbïgdid} Bh"mzc}mý|hmo}) Mcbc }ýac ojozmo ti mob|c nd ~zd} mdi~â"bd~zc}! }d mci}~ztxý ti bc}ohmc nd ?4: hbïgdid} nd aozcmo ‑Ta~hbo C|cz~tihnon‒! |d}d o qtd ic d}~ojo |zduh}~ct~hahvoz o}â da o|ozo~c) Oi~d ac qtd }d ò nd}mtjhdz~c ndd}~o boidzo! x mcbc ondbï} òx maczc x jzcbc! ]qtxzd}oitimhojo da := nd bozvc qtd C||cz~tih~x d}~ojo dp|ac"zoinc da ah~czoa nd ti uhdfc boz }oaonc) Ic |cnzâo! }hidbjozgc! dimci~zoz eý}had} nd eczbo} nd uhno} bhmzc}mý"|hmo}; mozdmd nd zd}catmhýi }tehmhdi~d)

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Bh d}|c}o! bh `hfc x xc ethbc} o ao |aoxo o bdnhcnâo) Dimci~zo"bc} ti `tdmc mdzmo nda ogto |ozo duh~oz ao ojzo}onczo ozdio)Mtoinc da }ca }d |ciâo! ti etdz~d uhdi~c nda cmèoic aadiý daboz nd mojzhaao}) Bh `hfc x xc ~diâobc} ao mozid nd goaahiobhdi~zo} mczzâobc} o ac aozgc nd ao d}|tbc}o czhaao x mci"

~db|aïjobc} ao} mzd}~o} jaoimo} nd ao} cao})Oqtda bh}bc udzoic nd ?875! Oinx Aomh} x xc! fti~c mci c~zc} mcb"

|oÿdzc} nda Mdi~zc Gcnnozn nd D}~tnhc} D}|omhoad} nd ao IO]O! òjâo"bc} duoatonc ac} dedm~c} nd ac} go}d} nd hiudziondzc }cjzd da mahbo) Xo}d }ojâo di~cimd} qtd }d d}~ojoi omtbtaoinc di ao o~bý}edzo go}d} ndhiudziondzc oi~zc|cgèihmc}! d}|dmhoabdi~d da nhýphnc nd mozjcic x ac}òacmozjtzc}) D}~c} go}d} mci}~h~txdi tio ‑uhcadimho‒ mahbï~hmo! tio |dz"~tzjomhýi! dpýgdio oa }h}~dbo! qtd oedm~o oa dqthahjzhc didzgè~hmc nda |ao"id~o x! |cz ac ~oi~c! oa mahbo) O ao boidzo nd tio boi~o! ac} go}d} ndhiudziondzc oj}czjdi ao zonhomhýi hiezozzcfo (moacz qtd nd c~zo boidzod}mo|ozâo nd ao }t|dzehmhd ~dzzd}~zd x ao o~bý}edzo oa d}|omhc)

Itd}~zc gzt|c òjâo moamtaonc qtd d}c} go}d} czhghionc} nd ao om~huhnon`tboio d}~ojoi moadi~oinc ao }t|dzehmhd ~dzzd}~zd o zovýi nd mo}h nc} wo~~|cz bd~zc mtonzonc) Tio jcbjhaao |dqtdÿo nd ti ïzjca nd Iouhnon nh}h|ooazdndncz nd ti wo~~! |zhimh|oabdi~d di eczbo nd moacz) Dzo! |td}! mcbc}h ac} }dzd} `tboic} `tjhè}dbc} mcacmonc nc} nd d}o} jcbjhaao}! dimdi"nhno} nâo x icm`d! di mono bd~zc mtonzonc nd ao }t|dzehmhd ~dzzd}~zd)

Di oqtdaao |aoxo! }d bd `hvc boihehd}~o ao |ozoncfo hb|aâmh~o di ao ic"mhýi nd moadi~obhdi~c gacjoa6 da mci~zo}~d di~zd ao} o}cbjzc}o} etdzvo}nd ao io~tzoadvo x ao hi}hgihehmoimho nd ao} jcbjhaah~o}) Mhdz~obdi~d! }tnèjha moadeommhýi ic |cnâo zdghz ac} uhdi~c} x cao}! ih qth~ozic} ao mozidnd goaahio) Himat}c da hb|dzmd|~hjad moacz qtd nd}|zdinâoi di ao }t|dzeh"mhd cmdïihmo }d nh}h|ojo di}dgthno òmho ao} gzoind} |zcetinhnond}! ndbcnc qtd òzâoi eoa~o btm`c} oÿc}! qthvï }hgac}! |ozo qtd }d moadi~o}dnd udznon ao }t|dzehmhd)

D}o |ozoncfo di ao hndo nda moadi~obhdi~c gacjoa }d ò nd}|dfonc dijtdio bdnhno gzomho} oa d}~tnhc nd ao `h}~czho nda mahbo ~dzzd}~zd! qtd òzdudaonc qtd etdzvo} |dqtdÿo}! }h om~öoi ntzoi~d ti ~hdb|c }tehmhdi~d!aadgoi o |zcntmhz gzoind} mobjhc} mahbï~hmc}) X! }dgöi ac} oioad}! ao hdzzoò mcbdivonc o moadi~oz}d di zdmhdi~d} ndmdihc} o ao udacmhnon |zdnhmò|cz ac} bcndac} mahbï~hmc} qtd ~hdidi di mtdi~o ao omtbtaomhýi o~bc}eèzhmond ac} go}d} nd hiudziondzc oi~zc|cgèihmc}) Xo }d |dzmhjdi dedm~c} ndamoadi~obhdi~c6 ac} gaomhozd} d}~ïi zd~zcmdnhdinc di ~cnc da btinc! ac}`hdac} ïz~hmc} |hdzndi d}|d}cz x ao |zhboudzo aadgo oazdndncz nd tio }d"boio oi~d} qtd òmd 4< oÿc})

]hi dbjozgc! òx btm`c} |ti~c} qtd qtdnoi |dinhdi~d}) ³Mtïi~c mob"jhozï da mahbo di ac} |zýphbc} ndmdihc}3 ³Mtïad} }dzïi ao} mci}dmtdi"mho} |zïm~hmo}3 ³_tè ndjdzâobc} òmdz oa zd}|dm~c! }h d} qtd }d ò nd ò"mdz oagc3 D} ti ndjo~d uhnzhc}c; ozzo}~zo mci}hgc ndbo}hono} zd|dzmt}hcid}dmciýbhmo})

Da oiïah}h} cjfd~huc nda moadi~obhdi~c gacjoa zdqthdzd ti mcicmhbhdi~cmtoi~h~o~huc nd ~zd} mtd}~hcid}6 ao }di}hjhahnon nda }h}~dbo mahbï~hmc o ao}|dz~tzjomhcid} hintmhno}! ao bogih~tn nd ao} ogzd}hcid} |zcucmono} |czao om~huhnon `tboio x da ~hdb|c qtd da mahbo ~ozno di zdommhcioz oi~d

~oad} |dz~tzjomhcid}) ^cnc} d}c} |ti~c} }d |tdndi d}~tnhoz mci bcndac}mahbï~hmc} gacjoad}! }hbtaomhcid} itbèzhmo} zdoahvono} di czndionczd})\dzc itd}~zc mcicmhbhdi~c bï} |zdmh}c }cjzd ao }di}hjhahnon mahbï~hmo! oabdic} ò}~o o`czo! }d jo}o di no~c} db|âzhmc} zdao~huc} o ao `h}~czho ndao ^hdzzo)

Ao} admmhcid} nd ao `h}~czhoO ac aozgc nd ac} öa~hbc} bhaacid} nd oÿc}! da mahbo ~dzzd}~zd ò c}mhaonczd|d~hnobdi~d di~zd dnond} nda `hdac x |dzâcnc} hi~dzgaomhoad} mïahnc}) ]dò mci}dzuonc ti ozm`huc nd ~db|dzo~tzo} nd ><<)<<< oÿc} nd oi~hgñd"non di ao mo|o nd `hdac oi~ïz~hmo) Dpmd|~c di ac} jcznd} mc}~dzc}! ao mo|o}d ahjzý nd ao et}hýi himat}c di ac} bï} mïahnc} |dzâcnc} hi~dzgaomhoad})D}~d ozm`huc (uèo}d da zdmtonzc ‑><<)<<< oÿc} nd mobjhc mahbï~hmc‒ }t" Z

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D Z G D I J Z H G @ ^ M c z j h }

?) TI HMDJDZG ]D ND]\ZDIND ndagaomhoz nd ]oi Zoeoda! di M`had) Aond}hi~dgzomhýi nd ao} bo}o} nd `hdacnda btinc di~dzc daduozâo da ihudanda boz uozhc} bd~zc}) Ao} nd}o}~zc"}o} mci}dmtdimho} nd d}o daduomhýid}~ojadmdi tio jofo mc~o bïphbooa moadi~obhdi~c qtd |tdnd dp|dzh"

bdi~oz da |aoid~o }hi zd|dzmt~hzgzoudbdi~d di ao }cmhdnon)

HIUD]^HGOMHÝI X MHDIMHO! boxc! :<<> :=

ghdzd qtd da |zd}di~d |dzâcnc hi~dzgaomhoa (da @cacmdic!qtd db|dvý òmd tic} ?:)<<< oÿc} nd oi~hgñdnon!d}~ï xo ogc~ïinc}d)

Ao} io~tzoad} c}mhaomhcid} mahbï~hmo} bhadiozho} uoio}cmhono} o uozhomhcid} adi~o} nd ao ýzjh~o ~dzzd}~zdhintmhno} |cz ac} mob|c} gzouh~o~czhc} nd c~zc} |ao"id~o}! }cjzd ~cnc Fö|h~dz x ]o~tzic (|czqtd }ci btxgzoind} x Udit} (|czqtd }d ic} omdzmo btm`c)D}~o} |dz~tzjomhcid} o|dio} mobjhoi ao didzgâo }caozbdnho oitoa qtd aadgo o ao ^hdzzo! |dzc oa~dzoi ao nh}"~zhjtmhýi gdcgzïehmo x d}~omhcioa nd ao didzgâo }caozhimhndi~d! c hi}caomhýi! ò}~o di ti :< |cz mhdi~c)Ac} mobjhc} di ao hi}caomhýi ntzoi~d aozgc} |dzâc"nc}! oedm~oi o ao eczbomhýi x et}hýi nd ao} mo|o} nd`hdac)

Ao hi}caomhýi x ac} mobjhc} mahbï~hmc} oedm~oi ~ob"jhèi o ao oj}czmhýi x dbh}hýi nd nhýphnc nd mozjcicx bd~oic |cz ao} |aoi~o}! ac} }tdac} x da cmèoic) Oöiic d} mcb|ad~c da mcicmhbhdi~c mtoi~h~o~huc nd mýbcda cmèoic x ac} }tdac} ahjdzoi nhýphnc nd mozjcic xbd~oic mtoinc ao ^hdzzo }d moahdi~o! |dzc ac} no~c} |o"adcmahbï~hmc} cezdmdi xo ti ~d}czc nd hieczbomhýi)

Ao} c}mhaomhcid} nda mahbo nd ao Dnon nd @hdac ic}o|cz~oi oagc etinobdi~oa6 tio bdnhno db|âzhmo nd ao}di}hjhahnon mahbï~hmo)

Ao mcb|c}hmhýi nd ao o~bý}edzo nd ao Dnon nd @hdac}d mcicmd mci |zdmh}hýi gzomho} o ao} jtzjtfo} nd ohzdo|zh}hciono} o bdnhno qtd ao} mo|o} nd `hdac nd aoOi~ïz~hno x Gzcdiaoinho! mcbc itbdzc}c} gaomhozd}nd bci~oÿo! hjoi mzdmhdinc gzomho} o ao} iduono} ndmono oÿc) Ondbï}! ao nh}~zhjtmhýi gdcgzïehmo nd ao}mo|o} nd `hdac! ao mtjhdz~o udgd~oa x da |dzeha nd ao}mc}~o} ntzoi~d ao Dnon nd @hdac d}~ïi jhdi moz~cgzo"ehono}) O |oz~hz nd d}c} no~c}! }ojdbc} qtd ao bogih"~tn nd ao |dz~tzjomhýi dpýgdio ~c~oa ò mobjhonc di"~zd ao Dnon nd @hdac x ao om~toahnon di tic} 5!4 wo~~

|cz bd~zc mtonzonc) D}~o nhedzdimho }t}~di~o ti mob"jhc gacjoa nd ~db|dzo~tzo nd 4 gzonc} Mda}ht}! d} nd"mhz! tio }di}hjhahnon mahbï~hmo nd <!74 ¿ <!:4 gzonc}Mda}ht} |cz wo~~ x bd~zc mtonzonc) Otiqtd ac} bc"ndac} mahbï~hmc} |zdnhmdi tio }di}hjhahnon mahbï~hmo}hbhaoz! da zd}ta~onc db|âzhmc d} bï} |zdmh}c x ehnd"nhgic |czqtd ojozmo ~cnc} ac} |zcmd}c} qtd c|dzoi dida btinc zdoa! himathnc} ac} qtd ~cnouâo ic `dbc} }o"jhnc himcz|czoz di ac} bcndac})

Ac} |oadcno~c} ic} di}dÿoi oagc bï}6 ac} mobjhc}nd ao ýzjh~o ~dzzd}~zd |zcucmoi mobjhc} mahbï~hmc}! oaoa~dzoz ao} |zc|hdnond} nd ao o~bý}edzo x ao }t|dzehmhd!x! |cz ac ~oi~c! da dqthahjzhc nd didzgâo |aoid~ozhc)@cx di nâo! ao} om~huhnond} `tboio} oedm~oi bï} o ao}|zc|hdnond} nd ao o~bý}edzo x ao }t|dzehmhd qtd ao} uo"zhomhcid} czjh~oad} nd itd}~zc |aoid~o)

\dz~tzjomhcid} dpýgdio}Da boxcz mobjhc c|dzonc |cz ao} |dz~tzjomhcid} dpý"gdio} nda mahbo di ac} }hgac} zdmhdi~d} d} da ndjhnc oac} go}d} nd hiudziondzc oi~zc|cgèihmc}) Ac} go}d} ndhiudziondzc |zd}di~d} di ao o~bý}edzo oj}czjdi ao zo"

nhomhýi moaczâehmo! di udv nd ndfozao d}mo|oz oa d}|o"mhc) Ao o~bý}edzo ndutdaud bï} moacz oa }tdac nda qtd|dzbh~d }oahz oa d}|omhc; ao ^hdzzo zonho o}â bdic} didzgâooa d}|omhc qtd ao qtd oj}czjd nda ]ca) D}~d nd}dqthah"jzhc ~db|czoa nd ao didzgâo |aoid~ozho no |cz zd}ta~oncti moadi~obhdi~c gzontoa nd ao ^hdzzo)

Da bï} hb|cz~oi~d go} oi~zc|cgèihmc nd hiudziondzcd} da nhýphnc nd mozjcic; |zcmdnd }cjzd ~cnc nd ao mcb"jt}~hýi nd mozjtzoi~d} eý}had} (mozjýi! |d~zýadc x go})Ic cj}~oi~d! da dedm~c mcbjhionc nd c~zc} go}d} oi"~zc|cgèihmc} d} mcb|ozojad) D}c} c~zc} go}d}! d}|d"mhoabdi~d da cvcic ~zc|c}eèzhmc x }t} |zdmtz}czd}! mcbcda bd~oic! }ci higzdnhdi~d} nd ao ihdjao ec~cqtâbhmo!|dzftnhmhoa |ozo ao }oatn `tboio x ao |zcntm~huhnonogzâmcao)

Ac} odzc}cad} (|oz~âmtao} ehio} di da ohzd mci}~h~t"xdi da c~zc |zhimh|oa eom~cz `tboic nd oa~dzomhýi ndamahbo) ]t dedm~c d} bï} mcb|ahmonc) Oagtic} odzc"}cad} ‑jaoimc}‒! mcbc ac} }taeo~c} qtd |zcmdndi ndaovtezd di ac} mozjtzoi~d} eý}had}! }ci btx zdeadm~czd}x zdntmdi! |cz ~oi~c! da moadi~obhdi~c }caoz nd ao ^hdzzo;}hi dbjozgc! da `caaâi! |zcntm~c nd ao mcbjt}~hýi hi"mcb|ad~o nd ac} mozjtzoi~d} eý}had} x ac} jhcmozjt"zoi~d}! o}â mcbc nd ao qtdbo nd jhcbo}o oa ohzd ah"jzd! oj}czjd ao atv }caoz x! |cz ac ~oi~c! moahdi~o aoo~bý}edzo) Ao bogih~tn nd d}~o |dz~tzjomhýi dpýgdionhzdm~o nda mahbo |zcucmono |cz ac} odzc}cad} d} hi"

mhdz~o di oa bdic} ti 4< |cz mhdi~c! di |oz~d |czqtdao} moi~hnond} nd odzc}ca ic }ci jhdi mcicmhno} x di|oz~d o mot}o nd ao mcb|adfhnon nda ediýbdic)

Ac} odzc}cad} |zcntmdi ~objhèi tio |dz~tzjomhýihinhzdm~o oa oa~dzoz ao} |zc|hdnond} nd ao} itjd}) Ao}itjd} zd}ta~oi~d}! bï} jzhaaoi~d} x nd uhno bï} aozgo!zdntmdi ao moi~hnon nd atv }caoz oj}czjhno |cz ao ^hdzzo6da dedm~c hinhzdm~c nda odzc}ca mci}h}~d di tio |dz~tz"jomhýi idgo~huo qtd mot}o diezhobhdi~c)

C~zc eom~cz oi~zc|cgèihmc qtd hieatxd }cjzd da mahbod} ao }t}~h~tmhýi nd jc}qtd} |cz mob|c} nd mta~huc)Ac} jc}qtd} }ci c}mtzc}! himat}c mci da }tdac mtjhdz~cnd ihdud; }t dahbhiomhýi zdntmd da moadi~obhdi~c }caoz)

:> HIUD]^HGOMHÝI X MHDIMHO! boxc! :<<>

▬ Di ao om~toahnon! itd}~zc} bï} |zdmh}c} mcicmh"bhdi~c} nd ao }di}hjhahnon mahbï~hmo }d jo}oi diac qtd }ojdbc} nd ao `h}~czho nd ao ^hdzzo! qtdic} ò di}dÿonc qtd |dqtdÿo} etdzvo}! boi~dih"no} ntzoi~d }tehmhdi~d ~hdb|c! |zcntmdi gzoind}mobjhc} mahbï~hmc})

▬ Da dedm~c nd ac} eom~czd} oi~zc|cgèihmc} qtd oedm"~oi oa mahbo! }cjzd ~cnc ac} go}d} nd hiudziondzc!da `caaâi x c~zo} |oz~âmtao} |dqtdÿo}! dpmdnd

o`czo oa nd ac} eom~czd} io~tzoad}; da btinc db"|hdvo o moadi~oz}d o ti zh~bc |zdnhm`c |cz ac}bcndac} mahbï~hmc})

▬ Ao d}~ojhahnon nd ao} gzoind} mo|o} nd `hdac ndGzcdiaoinho x ao Oi~ïz~hno x ao idmd}hnon nd |zd"}dzuoz ao aâido nd mc}~o di ~cnc da btinc d}~o"jadmdi tio mc~o jofo |ozo da gzonc nd moadi~o"bhdi~c qtd mci}~h~thzâo tio ‑hi~dzedzdimhooi~zc|cgèihmo |dahgzc}o‒ di da mahbo)

▬ \ozo nd~didz da moadi~obhdi~c gacjoa }d zdqthdzdtio mcc|dzomhýi hi~dziomhcioa tzgdi~d x }hi |zd"mdndi~d}! |dzc ao} ommhcid} idmd}ozho} }ci eom~h"jad} x |zc|czmhcioi jdidehmhc} onhmhcioad} o ao}oatn `tboio! ao ogzhmta~tzo x da bdnhc)

Zd}tbdi#Moadi~obhdi~c gacjoa

Ic |ozdmd |zcjojad qtd c~zo} ogzd}hcid} io~tzoad}!mcbc ao} ndjhno} o ao} dzt|mhcid} ucamïihmo} x ao}eatm~tomhcid} nda jzhaac }caoz! |zd}di~di tio ~dindimhomcimzd~o di tio d}moao nd ~hdb|c nda czndi nd bhaoÿc}) \dzc mci}~o qtd ò òjhnc ti |dqtdÿc otbdi~cnda jzhaac }caoz o ac aozgc nd ac} öa~hbc} ?4< oÿc}; ao|dz~tzjomhýi }d mhezo di nèmhbo} nd wo~~ |cz bd~zcmtonzonc)

Da uoacz id~c nd d}~c} dedm~c}! }tbonc} nd}nd ?04<!d} nd ?!5 ¿ ?!< wo~~ |cz bd~zc mtonzonc) \d}d o ao}gzoind} himdz~hntbjzd}! ox |ztdjo} nd ao uoahndv o|zc"phbono nd d}~o d}~hbomhýi) Tio ao no ao d}~zdmò mci"mcznoimho nd ao ~db|dzo~tzo gacjoa cj}dzuono ntzoi~dac} öa~hbc} ndmdihc} mci ac} bcndac} mahbï~hmc} qtdhimcz|czoi d}o} |dz~tzjomhcid} dpýgdio}) \dzc òx

c~zo |ztdjo bï} etinobdi~oa6 ao goioimho nd moacz diac} cmèoic} btinhoad} ntzoi~d ac} öa~hbc} 4< oÿc}mcimtdzno mci ao |dz~tzjomhýi dpýgdio ~c~oa id~o d}"~hbono)

Moadi~obhdi~c gacjoaAo ~db|dzo~tzo gacjoa bdnho di }t|dzehmhd ò otbdi"~onc tic} <!74 gzonc} nd}nd qtd }d gdidzoahvozci ao}bdnhmhcid} mci hi}~ztbdi~c}! d} ndmhz! nd}nd ehioad}nda }hgac PHP) Ao boxcz |oz~d nda moadi~obhdi~c! tic}<!4 gzonc}! ò ~dihnc atgoz nd}|tè} nd ?84<) Ao} mot"}o} nda moadi~obhdi~c cj}dzuonc }d |tdndi hiud}~hgozbdfcz di ac} öa~hbc} 4< oÿc}! |czqtd ao boxcz |oz~d

nd ao} |dz~tzjomhcid} }d cj}dzuozci di~cimd}! }cjzd~cnc nd}nd qtd }d hihmhozci di da ndmdihc nd ?87< ao}bdnhno} nd ao zonhomhýi }caoz! ac} odzc}cad} d}~zo"~c}eèzhmc} x da cvcic bdnhoi~d }o~èah~d}) Ondbï}! da7< |cz mhdi~c nda himzdbdi~c oi~zc|cgèihmc nd ac} go"}d} nd hiudziondzc }d ò |zcntmhnc nd}|tè} nd ?84<)

Ao bogih~tn bï} hb|cz~oi~d d} da nd}dqthahjzhc |ao"id~ozhc nd didzgâo (uèo}d da zdmtonzc ‑Nd}dqthahjzhcdidzgè~hmc nd ao ^hdzzo‒) ]d ndjd oa aozgc ~hdb|c qtd~oznoi ac} cmèoic} di moadi~oz}d) Aadgobc} o ao mci"mat}hýi nd qtd ao ^hdzzo d}~ï o`czo nd}dqthahjzono! nd}ndda |ti~c nd uh}~o zonho~huc! di~zd <!4 x ? wo~~ |cz bd"~zc mtonzonc6 oj}czjd btmò bï} zonhomhýi nd ao qtddbh~d di eczbo nd moacz òmho da d}|omhc) Oti mtoincao mcb|c}hmhýi nd ao o~bý}edzo ic mobjhozo bï}! ao

}t|dzehmhd ~dzzd}~zd }dgthzâo moadi~ïinc}d ti |cmc mcida ~hdb|c! di~zd <!> x <!7 gzonc})

Ao boxcz |oz~d nda nd}dqthahjzhc didzgè~hmc }d ndjdoa moacz qtd ò hnc o |ozoz o ac} cmèoic}) ]xnidxAduh~t}! nd ao Onbhih}~zomhýi Iomhcioa nd ac} Cmèoic}x ao O~bý}edzo nd ac} DD)TT)! ò oioahvonc ao uozho"mhýi nd ~db|dzo~tzo nd ac} cmèoic} di ac} öa~hbc}4< oÿc} x ò òaaonc qtd da mci~dihnc cmdïihmc bti"nhoa nd moacz otbdi~ý di tic} ?< wo~~"oÿc |cz bd~zcmtonzonc di da öa~hbc bdnhc }hgac) @o cj}dzuonc ~ob"jhèi qtd ao udacmhnon nda oabomdiobhdi~c nd moacz |czac} cmèoic} di ac} öa~hbc} oÿc} mcimtdzno mci itd}"~zc mïamtac nd qtd ao ^hdzzo d}~ï o`czo didzgè~hmobdi~d

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><<)<<< OßC] ND MOBJHC MAHBO^HMCAC] @HDAC] OIÔZ^HMC] òi |zd}dzuonc ti oz"m`huc nd ~db|dzo~tzo} x nd ihudad} o~bc}eèzhmc} ndnhýphnc nd mozjcic x bd~oic qtd ojozmo ><<)<<<oÿc}) ]d oioahvoi ac} go}d} o|zh}hcionc} di ao} jtz"jtfo} nd ohzd dimdzzono} di da `hdac) \cz ac gdidzoa!}d db|adoi |ozo daac ~d}~hgc} nd `hdac (ec~cgzoeâo

dp~zoânc} nd ao mo|o nd `hdac) ]d ac} ~zoi}|cz~o o tiaojczo~czhc) Da zdgh}~zc `h}~ýzhmc ic} |zc|czmhcio nc}bdnhmhcid} etinobdi~oad}6 ao mcb|ozomhýi nda om~toa|dzâcnc hi~dzgaomhoa (da @cacmdic mci ao bï} zdmhdi~dDnon nd @hdac (òmd :<)<<< oÿc} |zc|czmhcio tiobdnhno |zdmh}o nd ao }di}hjhahnon nda mahbo o ao}|dz~tzjomhcid} dpýgdio}) Ao ~db|dzo~tzo di da oi~d"zhcz |dzâcnc hi~dzgaomhoa (da Ddbhoidi}d! ntzoi~d damtoa da ihuda nda boz dzo uozhc} bd~zc} bï} oa~c qtdda om~toa! ndehid ti gzonc nd moadi~obhdi~c qtd aomhuhahvomhýi om~toa mci}hndzozâo tio hi~dzedzdimho oi"~zc|cgèihmo |dahgzc}o di da mahbo)

nd}dqthahjzono! di~zd <!4 x ? wo~~ |cz bd~zc mtonzonc)Cj}èzud}d qtd ao moi~hnon nd moacz idmd}ozho |ozo eti"nhz }tehmhdi~d `hdac mcbc |ozo daduoz da ihuda nda bozdi ti bd~zc d} nd oazdndncz nd ?: wo~~"oÿc (|zcbd"nhono |cz ~cnc da |aoid~o! didzgâo qtd }d |cnzâo omt"btaoz di tio ncmdio nd oÿc} }h da |aoid~o d}~tuhd}dnd}dqthahjzonc di ti wo~~ |cz bd~zc mtonzonc)

Ao mcimcznoimho nd ac} bcndac} mci ao} cj}dzuo"mhcid}! di ac qtd }d zdehdzd oa mobjhc nd ~db|dzo~tzox oa oabomdiobhdi~c cmdïihmc nd moacz! ic ndfo ntnond qtd da mobjhc mahbï~hmc gacjoa cj}dzuonc uhdid hi"ntmhnc |cz |dz~tzjomhcid} dpýgdio}! tio} io~tzoad} xc~zo} oi~zc|cgèihmo}) Ao udacmhnon om~toa nd oabomd"iobhdi~c nd moacz |cz da cmèoic d} ti |ozïbd~zc |ao"id~ozhc ndmh}huc6 ic }ýac nd~dzbhio ao bogih~tn ndamoadi~obhdi~c gacjoa onhmhcioa xo di |tdz~o}! }hic qtd~objhèi d} hgtoa o ao zdntmmhýi nd ao} ogzd}hcid} id"md}ozho} |ozo d}~ojhahvoz da mahbo om~toa nd ao ^hdzzo)

Ao jcbjo nd ~hdb|cDa Mciudihc Bozmc nd ao} Iomhcid} Tihno} }cjzd daMobjhc Mahbï~hmc! ehzbonc di Zâc nd Foidhzc di ?808!

}d |zc|cid d}~ojhahvoz ao mcb|c}hmhýi o~bc}eèzhmo |ozo‑duh~oz tio |dahgzc}o hi~dzedzdimho oi~zc|cgèihmo di da}h}~dbo mahbï~hmc‒ x oamoivoz ~oa cjfd~huc }hi |cidz dizhd}gc ao dmcicbâo gacjoa) Tio |oz~d! mztmhoa |dzcnheâmha! nda |zcjadbo d}~zhjo di ndehihz da ihuda nd mo"

adi~obhdi~c qtd mci}~h~txd tio ‑|dahgzc}o hi~dzedzdi"mho oi~zc|cgèihmo‒)

Ao} Iomhcid} Tihno} d}~ojadmhdzci ti \oida Hi~dz"gtjdziobdi~oa }cjzd da Mobjhc Mahbï~hmc (\HMM di"mozgonc nd oioahvoz da moadi~obhdi~c gacjoa) @o ndeh"ihnc nhudz}c} }t|td}~c} nd |dz~tzjomhýi dpýgdio; }dò uoahnc nd daac} |ozo }hbtaoz da mahbo nda }hgac PPH

x ò duoatonc da hb|om~c nd ac} mobjhc} di ~db|dzo"~tzo} x |zdmh|h~omhcid} di ao ogzhmta~tzo! ac} dmc}h}~d"bo} c ao uhno }oauofd) Moamtao mobjhc} nda ihuda ndaboz nd ò}~o uozho} ndmdio} nd mdi~âbd~zc} di ?88 oÿc}!}h da moadi~obhdi~c gacjoa aadgo o }dz nd uozhc} gzonc})]d ndjdzâo! }cjzd ~cnc! o ao nhao~omhýi ~èzbhmo ndaogto cmdïihmo! mci |cmo uozhomhýi di da ucatbdi ndao} mo|o} nd `hdac)

Ac bcndzonc nd d}~c} dedm~c} mahbï~hmc}! himat}cmci tio omtbtaomhýi zï|hno nd ac} go}d} nd hiudzio"ndzc! ndfo ao hb|zd}hýi nd qtd ic d}~obc} mdzmo ndtio ‑|dahgzc}o hi~dzedzdimho oi~zc|cgèihmo‒) Ic cj}"~oi~d! dp|cinzè |cz qtè d}~obc} btm`c bï} |zýphbc}nd ac qtd gdidzoabdi~d }d mzdd; |cz daac! òjzâo qtdhi}h}~hz di bh~hgoz ac} mobjhc}! di atgoz nd }hb|adbdi~d

ono|~ozic} o daac})Di bh c|hihýi! da boxcz |zcjadbo nda moadi~obhdi~c

gacjoa d} ao daduomhýi nda ihuda nda boz x ao udacmh"non o qtd ao} mo|o} nd `hdac }d nd}hi~dgzoi) Tio mci"}hndzojad |czmhýi nd ao `tboihnon uhud o |cmc} bd"~zc} nda ihuda nda boz! mci jhaacid} nd dtzc} ndhiezod}~ztm~tzo}) Ao idmd}hnon nd |zd}dzuoz ao} aâido}mc}~dzo} di ~cnc da btinc d}~ojadmd ti jofc ~dm`c oaihuda nd moadi~obhdi~c gacjoa qtd mci}~h~thzâo tio‑|dahgzc}o hi~dzedzdimho oi~zc|cgèihmo‒)

Ao `h}~czho nd ao ^hdzzo x da |zd}di~d nd}dqthahjzhcdidzgè~hmc nd czhgdi oi~zc|cgèihmc! ~cbonc} fti~o"bdi~d! ic} nhjtfoi ti mtonzc hiqthd~oi~d nd ao} |dz}"|dm~huo} nda mobjhc nda ihuda nda boz) Ac} no~c} ndaozm`huc oi~ïz~hmc nd ~db|dzo~tzo} btd}~zoi qtd da mo"adi~obhdi~c nd ac} öa~hbc} 4< oÿc} ò aaduonc nditduc ao ~db|dzo~tzo gacjoa oa bïphbc! bï} c bdic}!nd d}~d |dzâcnc hi~dzgaomhoa di qtd uhuhbc} (da @cacmdic)@ox oagöi moadi~obhdi~c onhmhcioa di |tdz~o}! qtd ic}ndfozï o bdnhc mobhic nda bï} oa~c ihuda nd ~db|d"zo~tzo nda oi~dzhcz |dzâcnc hi~dzgaomhoa (da Ddbhoidi}d!bï} mïahnc qtd da @cacmdic; }t ihuda nda boz }cjzd"|o}ojo di mhimc c }dh} bd~zc} da om~toa) Ti wo~~ |czbd~zc mtonzonc nd ogzd}hýi oÿonhno o ao dph}~di~d o`czoaaduozâo ao ~db|dzo~tzo gacjoa oa bïphbc ihuda ndaDdbhoidi}d)

Ao mtd}~hýi |zhimh|oa d}6 ³mci qtè zo|hndv zd}|ci"

ndzïi ao} mo|o} nd `hdac oa moadi~obhdi~c gacjoa3 Da\HMM |zduè }ýac ti ahgdzc mobjhc di ao} mo|o} nd `hd"ac nd oqtâ o ?<< oÿc}; |dzc }t} mïamtac} }ýac himat"xdi da dedm~c gzontoa nd ac} mobjhc} di iduono}! duo"|czomhcid} x et}hcid}) Di ao zdoahnon! ao nd}hi~dgzomhýind ao} mo|o} nd `hdac d}~ï gcjdziono |cz zdoahbdi~o"mhcid} x |zcmd}c} nd maozc mozïm~dz ic ahidoa) Da bï"phbc nd ao udacmhnon nd ndgaomhomhýi ~zo} ao öa~hboDnon nda @hdac boi~tuc! ntzoi~d uozhc} }hgac}! ti zh~bcnd et}hýi nd bï} nd ?>)<<< khaýbd~zc} möjhmc} |czoÿc „oazdndncz nd ti bd~zc nd }tjhno nda ihuda ndaboz mono :< oÿc}„) D}~d |dzâcnc nd bïphbo mdadzh"non nd ao et}hýi mchimhnhý! ndi~zc nd ao |zdmh}hýi mci

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GO]D] ND HIUDZIONDZC ODZC]CAD]

\DZ^TZJOMHCID] DPCGDIO]AO] \DZ^TZJOMHCID] DPCGDIO] hintmhno} }cjzdda }h}~dbo mahbï~hmc oa~dzoi da dqthahjzhc nd didzgâond ao ^hdzzo) Ao ogzd}hýi |tdnd }dz io~tzoa! |czdfdb|ac ao} eatm~tomhcid} nd ao ýzjh~o ~dzzd}~zd c ac}odzc}cad} „|oz~âmtao} ehio}„ dp|dahnc} |cz ti

ucamïi! c oi~zc|cgèihmo! mcbc ac} odzc}cad} x ac}go}d} nd hiudziondzc dbh~hnc} |cz ao} om~huhnond} `t"boio}) Ao} |dz~tzjomhcid} oi~zc|cgèihmo} }t|dzoio`czo o ao} io~tzoad}) Da nhýphnc nd mozjcic mot}oao ogzd}hýi boxcz! |dzc da mcifti~c nd ac} mci~obh"ioi~d} o~bc}eèzhmc} (`caaâi! cvcic! bd~oic dfdzmdti dedm~c nd bogih~tn mcb|ozojad) (Ac} dedm~c} ndac} odzc}cad} ic }d mcicmdi mci |zdmh}hýi)

qtd }d |tdnd bdnhz! mci ao è|cmo nd moadi~obhdi~cbï} zï|hnc)

Nono ao om~toa d hit}toa udacmhnon nda moadi~obhdi~cgacjoa di ti |aoid~o xo moahdi~d! |cndbc} oi~hmh|ozqtd ao} vcio} nd et}hýi d}~huoa x nd aatuho }d dp~di"ndzïi o gzoind} vcio} nd Gzcdiaoinho x ac} jcznd} ndao Oi~ïz~hno) Da |zc|hc o}mdi}c nda ihuda nda boz~hdind o daduoz ao} mo|o} nd `hdac bozhio} qtd òmdind mci~zoetdz~d |ozo ac} `hdac} ~dzzd}~zd}! qtd }d nd}"|zdindi di~cimd} nd }t} |ti~c} nd oimaofd) O bdnhnoqtd ao} mo|o} nd `hdac bozhio} }d zcb|di! }d omdadzoda bcuhbhdi~c nd ac} `hdac} ~dzzd}~zd} òmho da cmèoic)Ao eczbomhýi nd ac} gaomhozd} d} adi~o! |dzc tio udvqtd tio mo|o nd `hdac mcbhdivo o nd}|acboz}d! }t nd"}o|ozhmhýi |tdnd }dz zo|hnâ}hbo)

Da nd}dqthahjzhc didzgè~hmc |aoid~ozhc hintmhnc |czda `cbjzd |zc|czmhcio tio ob|aho zd}dzuo nd didzgâo|ozo etinhz ac} `hdac}) O daao }d oÿondi ao mzdmhdi~doj}czmhýi nd zonhomhýi }caoz |cz ao} mo|o} nd `hdac! oao} qtd c}mtzdmdi ac} odzc}cad} mozjcionc} idgzc}! xda |zcmd}c nd zdoahbdi~omhýi |c}h~huo mcieczbd da

ogto etinhno c}mtzdmd ao }t|dzehmhd nd ac} `hdac})D}~o} mci}hndzomhcid} ic }hgihehmoi qtd ndjobc} d}"

|dzoz gzoind} mobjhc} nda ihuda nda boz nd oqtâ o tic}|cmc} oÿc}) Da omcinhmhciobhdi~c |zduhc nd ao} mo|o}nd `hdac |ozo }t nd}~ztmmhýi omdadzono |tdnd zdqtdzhzaozgc ~hdb|c! qthvï btm`c} }hgac}) (Da }o~èah~d HMD]o~!zdmhdi~dbdi~d aoivonc |cz ao IO]O! ~oa udv |tnhd}d nd"~dm~oz ac} |zhbdzc} hinhmhc} nd zc~tzo omdadzono nd ao}mo|o} nd `hdac) \d}d o daac! }c}|dm`c qtd db|dvozâobtm`c oi~d} ti o|zdmhojad o}mdi}c nda ihuda nda boz! }hda nd}dqthahjzhc didzgè~hmc |aoid~ozhc mci~hiöo otbdi"~oinc) \ozdmd maozc qtd da moadi~obhdi~c gacjoa! bï}oaaï nd mhdz~c aâbh~d! òzâo hiduh~ojad |ozo ao} gdidzo"

mhcid} et~tzo} ti mobjhc ic~ojad nda ihuda nda boz) Xtio udv qtd ao nd}~ztmmhýi nd ao} mo|o} nd `hdac òxomcbdivonc di gzoi d}moao! ic òjzâo boidzo |zïm~hmond nd~didzao) Ac} nhqtd} |cnzâoi |zc~dgdz zdghcid} ah"bh~ono}! mcbc Boiò~~oi t @caoino! |dzc ao boxczâond ao} mc}~o} nda gacjc }d hitinozâoi)

]c}~digc qtd da ihuda nd hi~dzedzdimho oi~zc|cgèihmo|dahgzc}o }d oamoivo mtoinc ao ~db|dzo~tzo gacjoa x dand}dqthahjzhc zonho~huc |aoid~ozhc hb|hndi qtd }d |tdnoduh~oz tio ndgaomhomhýi }t}~oimhoa) Jo}ïincbd di ac}hinhmhc} |oadcmahbï~hmc}! }tghdzc qtd da bïphbc ihuda|ztndimhoa nd moadi~obhdi~c nda |aoid~o uhdid o }dz ndti gzonc) D}~c }hgihehmo qtd ao |dz~tzjomhýi dpýgdioonhmhcioa ic ndjdzâo dpmdndz! o|zcphbonobdi~d! ti wo~~|cz bd~zc mtonzonc)

Mtonzc} |c}hjad} nd ogzd}hcid} dpýgdio}Da \HMM ndehid btm`c} mtonzc} |c}hjad} nd ogzd}hcid}dpýgdio} |ozo da }hgac PPH! jo}onc} di nhedzdi~d} |zc}"|dm~huo} nd ao |cjaomhýi! da nd}ozzcaac dmciýbhmc x ao}etdi~d} nd didzgâo) D}~hbo qtd! di ac} |zýphbc} 4< oÿc}!

}d oÿonhzïi nd tic o ~zd} wo~~ |cz bd~zc mtonzonc omot}o nda nhýphnc nd mozjcic (nd nc} o mto~zc }h }d hi"matxdi ac} ndbï} go}d} x ac} odzc}cad}) Nd omtdzncmci itd}~zc mzh~dzhc! ac} |zc|hc} uoaczd} bâihbc} moa"mtaonc} |cz da \HMM |zcucmozâoi tio |dahgzc}o hi~dz"edzdimho oi~zc|cgèihmo di da }h}~dbo mahbï~hmc)

Maozc qtd ac} mtonzc} }t|td}~c} |cz da \HMM |td"ndi }dz hindjhnobdi~d |d}hbh}~o}) Di |zhbdz atgoz!hgiczoi ac} mobjhc} di ao} dbh}hcid}! oagtic} nddaac} xo di bozmò! |zcbcuhnc} |zdmh}obdi~d |cz aohiqthd~tn qtd mot}o da moadi~obhdi~c gacjoa) Di }dgti"nc atgoz! noi |cz }di~onc qtd ao mci~obhiomhýi o~"bc}eèzhmo |zc|hobdi~d nhmò mci~hitozï db|dczoinc!


Z O I N X @ O Z Z H ]

:) AO] \DZ^TZJOMHCID] MAHBO^HMO] DPCGDIO] ndjhno} o ao}om~huhnond} `tboio}! }cjzd ~cnc ao} mot}ono} |cz ac} go}d} nd

hiudziondzc! moahdi~oi ao }t|dzehmhd ~dzzd}~zd o zovýi nd tic} nc}wo~~ |cz bd~zc mtonzonc6 da dqthuoadi~d o nc} jcbjhaah~o} nd tiwo~~ dimdinhno} }cjzd mono bd~zc mtonzonc nd ao }t|dzehmhd nda|aoid~o) Ac} cmèoic} zd~oznoi da dedm~c nd d}d moadi~obhdi~c |cz"

qtd oj}czjdi gzoi moi~hnon nd moacz) Ao }t|dzehmhd cmdïihmo db"|hdvo o moadi~oz}d! |dzc oi~d} nd qtd òxo }tjhnc btm`c }t ~db"

|dzo~tzo! ao} ogto} }t|dzehmhoad} }d òjzïi hnc `tinhdinc x bdv"maoinc! }t}~h~thno} |cz c~zo} bï} ezâo}! bï} |zcetino}) ]d moamtaoqtd }d idmd}h~o oazdndncz nd ti }hgac |ozo qtd da cmèoic oamoimd}t itduo ~db|dzo~tzo)

qtd da cvcic! da bd~oic x da `caaâi ojtinozïi bï} di:<4< qtd di :<<<) Di ~dzmdz atgoz! }hadimhoi ac} ouoi"md} ~èmihmc} qtd |cnzâoi zdntmhz ao} dbh}hcid} di ac}|zýphbc} 4< oÿc})

Tio boidzo nhedzdi~d nd |dzgdÿoz ~oad} mtonzc} mci"}h}~d di dpobhioz ao} om~toad} ~dindimho} nd ac} eom~c"zd} nd ogzd}hýi dpýgdio! |zdgti~oz}d |cz ao} zovcid}nd qtd uoxoi mobjhoinc x ~zo~oz nd udz mýbc mojzâooadi~oz ti boxcz ezdionc nda zh~bc o qtd mzdmdi)

Ao udacmhnon nd mzdmhbhdi~c nd ao |dz~tzjomhýidpýgdio hintmhno |cz ac} go}d} nd hiudziondzc oamoivý

ti bïphbc o |zhimh|hc} nda ndmdihc nd ?80<! mcimo}h <!4 wo~~ |cz bd~zc mtonzonc |cz ndmdihc! |dzcò nh}bhithnc di da ndmdihc nd ?88< ò}~o tic} <!= wo~~|cz bd~zc mtonzonc |cz ndmdihc) Ao |zhimh|oa zovýind ~oa nd}mdi}c ò }hnc ao zdntmmhýi nd dbh}hcid} ndac} òacmozjtzc}; }d uo ndfoinc nd |zcntmhzac} omot}o nd }t dedm~c nd}~ztm~cz }cjzd da cvcic d}~zo"~c}eèzhmc)

Ac} nc} go}d} nd hiudziondzc bï} hb|cz~oi~d}! mciac} òacmozjtzc} di ndmahud! }ci da nhýphnc nd mozjcicx da bd~oic) Ao udacmhnon nd mzdmhbhdi~c nda nhýphnc

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=) TIO MCZZHDI^D ND OGTO |zcmdndi~d nd ao et}hýi nd ihdud }d|zdmh|h~o |cz tio gzhd~o ojhdz~o di ao mo|o nd `hdac nd Gzcdiaoinho)Ao ec~c }d ~cbý di ti udzoic zdmhdi~d) Ao gzhd~o! tio `dinhntzomo}h udz~hmoa dpmouono di da `hdac |cz ao} ogto} }t|dzehmhoad}! aaduo

da ogto o ao jo}d nd ao mo|o) Oaaâ! da ogto om~öo nd eathnc atjzh"

moi~d qtd omdadzo da bcuhbhdi~c x ao nd}hi~dgzomhýi nd ao mo|o nd`hdac) Da mzdmhbhdi~c nd è}~o d} ti |zcmd}c adi~c x }dmc! ahbh~onc|cz ao mtoi~âo nd ao} iduono}) Ao nd}hi~dgzomhýi! di mobjhc! d} ti|zcmd}c `öbdnc! hb|ta}onc |cz zdoahbdi~omhcid} |c}h~huo}; tio udv

hihmhonc! |tdnd aadgoz o onqthzhz tio zo|hndv dp|ac}huo)

nd mozjcic otbdi~ý jzt}mobdi~d ~zo} ao ]dgtino GtdzzoBtinhoa! }d d}~ojhahvý nd}nd bdnhonc} nda ndmdihc nd?87< ò}~o bdnhonc} nda ndmdihc nd ?88<! x }tjhýbcndzonobdi~d ò}~o onqthzhz }t uoacz om~toa6 tio}nc} |oz~d} |cz bhaaýi |cz oÿc) Ao udacmhnon nd mzdmh"bhdi~c nda bd~oic ò nh}bhithnc di ac} öa~hbc} :< oÿc}di oa bdic} nc} ~dzmhc})

D}~o} udacmhnond} nd mzdmhbhdi~c gtoznoi zdaomhýimci da zh~bc btinhoa nd mci}tbc nd mozjtzoi~d} eý}h"ad}) Ao} dbh}hcid} nd mozjtzoi~d} eý}had} otbdi~ozcidi bï} nd ti > |cz mhdi~c |cz oÿc nd}nd da ehioa nd aoGtdzzo Btinhoa ò}~o ?874! |dzc nd}|tè} di }ýac oa"zdndncz nd ti ? |cz mhdi~c |cz oÿc) Ao uozhomhýi nd aoudacmhnon nd mzdmhbhdi~c nd ac} mozjtzoi~d} eý}had} }d|zcntfc nd}|tè} nda dbjozgc nda |d~zýadc x da otbdi"~c nd |zdmhc} nda ndmdihc nd ?87<! mci da }tj}hgthdi~ddb|dÿc di bdfczoz da zdinhbhdi~c didzgè~hmc) @oi hi"eathnc ~objhèi di da mzdmhbhdi~c nda bd~oic c~zc} eom"~czd}; di~zd daac}! ac} mobjhc} òjhnc} di da mta~huc ndaozzcv x ti d}etdzvc boxcz |cz oj}czjdz da bd~oic ndudz~dndzc} x dp|ac~omhcid} bhidzo})

]h ao} zdmhdi~d} udacmhnond} nd mzdmhbhdi~c nd d}c}

go}d} nd hiudziondzc }d boi~tuhd}di! }d oÿonhzâo tioogzd}hýi nd tic} ?!4 wo~~ |cz bd~zc mtonzonc) O daacndjd }tboz}d da mobjhc mot}onc |cz c~zo} |dz~tzjo"mhcid} dpýgdio}! mcbc ao} mot}ono} |cz da cvcic o~"bc}eèzhmc x ac} odzc}cad}) Ic òx jtdic} }dgthbhdi"~c} nd }t} dedm~c} o ac aozgc nda btinc! |dzc }d }ojdqtd d}~ïi otbdi~oinc di oagtic} |oâ}d} x nh}bhit"xdinc di c~zc}) Da dedm~c id~c ndjd nd }dz |dqtdÿc!|dzc |cnzâo oÿonhz ò}~o <!4 wo~~ |cz bd~zc mtonzonc)Di mci}dmtdimho! }h ic }d zdntmdi ao} udacmhnond} nddbh}hýi! ao ogzd}hýi oi~zc|cgèihmo }cjzd da mahbo |cnzâootbdi~oz di nc} wo~~ |cz bd~zc mtonzonc di ac} |zý"phbc} 4< oÿc})

D}~o udacmhnon nd mzdmhbhdi~c nd ao} |dz~tzjomhcid}dpýgdio}! jo}ono di ao} ~dindimho} om~toad}! mod di dadp~zdbc jofc nda hi~dzuoac nda \HMM! qtd d} nd nc} omto~zc wo~~ |cz bd~zc mtonzonc) Da mtonzc }t|td}~cnda \HMM nd mto~zc wo~~ |cz bd~zc mtonzonc zdqthdzdti mzdmhbhdi~c dp|cidimhoa nd ao} dbh}hcid} nd nhý"phnc nd mozjcic nda > |cz mhdi~c oitoa! boi~dihnc nt"zoi~d 4< oÿc}! x ti gzoi mzdmhbhdi~c nd ao mci~obh"iomhýi o~bc}eèzhmo; ic zd}ta~o udzc}âbha)

Ic cj}~oi~d! ao |zduh}hýi jo}ono di ao} ~dindimho}om~toad} }t|dzo da wo~~ |cz bd~zc mtonzonc qtd xc }t"gdzâo mcbc bdfcz duoatomhýi nda ihuda ncind }d aadgoo tio hi~dzedzdimho oi~zc|cgèihmo |dahgzc}o) D}~c }t}"mh~o ao |zdgti~o nd }h dph}~d ti }t|td}~c udzc}âbha ncind

da ihuda nd ogzd}hýi }do bdicz)

Ti et~tzc bï} d}|dzoivoncz@d nd}ozzcaaonc c~zc mtonzc `h|c~è~hmc qtd d}~ojadmdao |dz~tzjomhýi dpýgdio onhmhcioa |ozo ac} |zýphbc}4< oÿc} di o|zcphbonobdi~d ti wo~~ |cz bd~zc mto"nzonc) Nd|dind nd qtd }d omcbd~oi nc} om~tomhcid}6qtd }d nd~digo c boi~digo da mzdmhbhdi~c nd ac} mci"~obhioi~d} o~bc}eèzhmc}! di mcimzd~c da `caaâi! da cvcico~bc}eèzhmc x da bd~oic; x qtd }d boi~digo ao dbh"}hýi nd nhýphnc nd mozjcic |zcmdndi~d nd ac} mcb"jt}~hjad} eý}had} di ac} |zýphbc} 4< oÿc} bï} c bd"ic} oa bh}bc ihuda qtd o`czo) Objo} }ci hgtoabdi~d

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Oa ojcznoz ao mci~obhiomhýi o~bc}eèzhmo! ndjdzâobc}o~dindz o ac} mcb|cidi~d} qtd bï} mci~zhjtxdi oa mo"adi~obhdi~c gacjoa) Da bd~oic cezdmd tio gzoi c|cz"


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da nd}dqthahjzhc |aoid~ozhc nd didzgâo qtd o|ozdmddi ao} }hbtaomhcid} (gzïehmc ) Da nd}dqthahjzhc |aoid"~ozhc nd didzgâo d} tio bdnhno etinobdi~oa6 nd~dz"bhio ao |dz~tzjomhýi dpýgdio id~o x oi~hmh|o da mo"adi~obhdi~c gacjoa xo di |tdz~o})

~tihnon) ]h }d zdntfd}di ao} etdi~d} `tboio} nd bd"~oic! ò}~o mojzâo ndi~zc nd ac |c}hjad qtd ao moi~hnonnd bd~oic o~bc}eèzhmc nh}bhitxd}d! |zc|czmhcioinco}â ti diezhobhdi~c qtd mcb|di}ozâo |ozmhoabdi~d daotbdi~c ndjhnc oa nhýphnc nd mozjcic) Ao zdntmmhýind ac} odzc}cad} nd `caaâi oxtnozâo o mci~zozzd}~oz damoadi~obhdi~c czhghionc |cz ao} zdntmmhcid} nd }taeo"~c} o~bc}eèzhmc}) Ac} |zdmtz}czd} nda cvcic o~bc}eè"zhmc! o|oz~d nda bd~oic! d}|dmhoabdi~d ac} ýphnc} ndih~zýgdic x mcb|td}~c} czgïihmc} ucaï~had}! ndjdi zd"ntmhz}d |ozo qtd nh}bhitxo ò}~o ti ihuda jofc ao moi"~hnon nd cvcic o~bc}eèzhmc! mcb|cidi~d |zhimh|oa ndao ihdjao ec~cqtâbhmo)

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goz nda =< |cz mhdi~c qtd }d nojo di~zd ?84< x ?80<)

‑Da moadi~obhdi~c nda }hgac |o}onc ic etd bï} qtd ao zdommhýi io~tzoa ~zo} ao \dqtdÿo Dnonnd @hdac‒

Mtoaqthdz zdommhýi o ao \dqtdÿo Dnon nd @hdac dtzc|do! mtxc bïphbc ~tuc atgoz di~zd ?54< x ?74<! }d òjzâo mcb"|ad~onc mo}h nda ~cnc oa aadgoz da }hgac PP) Di zdoahnon! ao ~dindimho mahbï~hmo io~tzoa o aozgc |aovc }dzâo `cx òmho timahbo bï} ezâc! }h ic etdzo |cz ao} om~huhnond} `tboio})

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‑Da moadi~obhdi~c di }t|dzehmhd }d ndjd }cjzd ~cnc o ao} ‐h}ao} ~èzbhmo} tzjoio}‘ mdzmoio} oao} d}~omhcid} bd~dczcaýghmo}‒

Ic) Mcbc }d òjâo |zdnhm`c! da bïphbc moadi~obhdi~c }d dimtdi~zo di zdghcid} zdbc~o}! ~oad} mcbc O}ho mdi~zoa xOao}ko) Ao} boxczd} zdghcid} nd moadi~obhdi~c di }t|dzehmhd }d òaaoi }cjzd ac} cmèoic}! adfc} nd ao} vcio} tzjo"

io}) Nd ac} |dzehad} nd ~db|dzo~tzo di ac} mci~hidi~d}! qtd }d mcicmdi gzomho} o mhdi~c} nd |dzeczomhcid} dedm~to"no} di ~cnc da btinc! }d }hgtd qtd ao} }t|dzehmhd} mci~hidi~oad} }d òi moadi~onc di~zd <!4 gzonc} x ti gzonc di da}hgac |o}onc)

‑Ac} mobjhc} mahbï~hmc} }d ndjdi }cjzd ~cnc o ao uozhojhahnon }caoz‒Ao hi~di}hnon nd ao zonhomhýi }caoz c}mhao) ]t nh}bhitmhýi |tnc }dz ao mot}o! oa bdic} |ozmhoa! nd ao \dqtdÿo Dnonnd @hdac) ]dgöi ao} bdfczd} d}~hbomhcid}! da ]ca ò o|cz~onc oazdndncz nd ti mtoz~c nda moadi~obhdi~c gacjoa òjhncdi~zd ?04< x :<<<) Ao} |dz~tzjomhcid} hintmhno} |cz ac} go}d} nd hiudziondzc }t|dzoi o`czo oa }caoz; mzdmdi!ondbï}! bciý~ciobdi~d! bhdi~zo} qtd ic }d d}|dzo ihigtio ~dindimho }hgihehmo~huo o aozgc |aovc nda ]ca)

‑Da moadi~obhdi~c gacjoa }dzâo nd}|zdmhojad di mo}c nd udzhehmoz}d da ‐dedm~c hzh}‘! tio `h|ý~d"}h} nd Zhmòzn Ahinvdi‒

D}~o zd~zcoahbdi~omhýi mahbï~hmo! ncind ao} itjd} ~zc|hmoad} ndfozâoi d}mo|oz bï} zonhomhýi oa moadi~oz}d ao ^hdzzo!ò qtdnonc zdet~ono |cz |ztdjo} hi }h~t x no~c} nd }o~èah~d) Bï} di gdidzoa! ndjd ~didz}d di mtdi~o qtd mtoaqthdzzd~zcoahbdi~omhýi qtd òxo |cnhnc òjdz oagtio udv qtdno himathno di ao} bdnhno} db|âzhmo} nd ao }di}hjhahnon

mahbï~hmo |zc|czmhciono} |cz ao `h}~czho nd ao ^hdzzo)

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Di ac} gdicbo} |zcmozhc~o}! ac}

gdid} himatxdi ao boxcz |oz~d ndaONI) ]hi dbjozgc! di ac} dtmo"zhc~o} (bobâedzc} di |oz~hmtaoz! hi"mathnc da `cbjzd! ao |czmhýi nd}dmtdimho} mcnhehmonczo} nd |zc~dâ"io} (dpcid} o|dio} mczzd}|cind oanc} |cz mhdi~c nd ti ~c~oa nd =<<<bhaacid} nd itmadý~hnc}) Ondbï}nd ac} hi~zcid} (ezogbdi~c} ic mc"nhehmonczd} nd ti gdi! da 80 |czmhdi~c zd}~oi~d d}~ï mci}~h~thnc |czti mcifti~c `d~dzcgèidc nd }dmtdi"mho} boxczh~ozhobdi~d zd|d~h~huo} }hietimhýi mcnhehmoi~d c zdgtaonczomaozo! oa qtd oagtic} ot~czd} òi nd"icbhionc ‑ONI jo}tzo‒ x qtd oic}c~zc} ic} gt}~o aaoboz ‑da aoncc}mtzc nda gdicbo‒) Hintnojad"bdi~d! zd}ta~o nheâmha mzddz qtd itd}"~zc gdicbo ozzo}~zd ~oa moi~hnon nd‑mò~ozzo ducat~huo‒! }h mci}hndzo"

bc} da mc}~c didzgè~hmc qtd d}~cmciaaduo) Otiqtd ~cnouâo ic mcb"|zdindbc} btm`c} o}|dm~c} zdao"mhcionc} mci d}~d ONI! }t} }d"mtdimho} mci~hdidi tio moi~hnondp~zocznhiozho nd hieczbomhýi omdz"mo nd |zcmd}c} jhcaýghmc} x ao duc"atmhýi nd ac} czgoih}bc})

Di d}d ONI ic mcnhehmoncz di"mci~zobc}! di~zd c~zc} dadbdi~c} dp"~zoÿc}! o ac} zd~zc|}dtncgdid}) ^d"idbc} di itd}~zc gdicbo }dmtdimho}

zd|d~h~huo} (zd~zcdadbdi~c} qtd }d nh}"|dz}oi |cz bdnhc nd ti bdmoih}bcnd zd~zc~zoi}|c}hmhýi) D}~c} mcnheh"

moi tio divhbo ndicbhiono ~zoi}"mzh|~o}o zdudz}o qtd t}o ti bcandnd OZI |ozo òmdz tio mc|ho ndONI) D}~o mc|ho nda zd~zcdadbdi~c}d zdhi}dz~o di da gdicbo) Cmo}hc"ioabdi~d x nd boidzo ommhndi~oa! d}~dbdmoih}bc t~hahvo mcbc bcand ticnd itd}~zc} |zc|hc} OZI bdi}ofd"zc}) Mcbc mci}dmtdimho! zdgzd}o oagdicbo tio mc|ho |zcmd}ono (}hi hi"~zcid}! ih }dmtdimho} zdgtaonczo}nd oagtic nd itd}~zc} gdid}) O è}"~c} }d ad} ndicbhio zd~zc|}dtncgd"id} ( ehgtzo ?) Ondbï}! oa zdgzd}ozoa gdicbo |hdzndi ao mo|omhnon nd~zoi}mzhjhz}d x omtbtaoi bt~omhcid}!

nhudzghdinc nd ao }dmtdimho mcnheh"monczo nda gdi etimhcioa) D}~c} hi"mhndi~d} bcadmtaozd} }ci zdao~huo"

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fdzc x gdid zo tio mc|ho nd ONI qtd }d hi}d z~o di da gdicbo) Mozdmdi nd |zcbc~cz dhi~zcid} x |tdndi mci~didz zd}~c} nd ao mcao nd \cah"O) ]d |tdndi acmoahvoz di mtoaqthdzmzcbc}cbo; |td}~c qtd ic d}~ïi }tfd~c} o |zd}hcid} nd }dadmmhýi! }t }dmtdimho omtbtaobt~omhcid} oado~czhobdi~d)

HIUD]^HGOMHÝI X MHDIMHO! boxc! :<<> ==

bdi~d ezdmtdi~d}! |cz ac qtd itd}"~zc gdicbo oajdzgo ti gzoi iöbdzcnd zd~zc|}dtncgdid} (o|zcphbono"bdi~d :4)<<<) Mtoi~c boxcz }doda ihuda nd dp|zd}hýi nd ti nd~dz"bhionc gdi! boxcz }dzï ao mcimdi"~zomhýi nd }t OZI bdi}ofdzc di damh~c|ao}bo x! |cz ac ~oi~c! boxcz aomoi~hnon nd }t} zd~zcmc|ho})

Ao} jo}d} nd no~c} nd }dmtdimho}gdiè~hmo} |dzbh~di duoatoz x mozom"~dzhvoz oagtic} o}|dm~c} nd ao hi"}dzmhýi nd zd~zc|}dtncgdid} di dagdicbo `tboic) \zhbdzc! d}mcgd"bc} ao }dmtdimho mcnhehmonczo ndoagöi gdi nd hi~dzè}) O mci~hito"mhýi! jt}mobc} }dmtdimho} }hbhao"zd} di ao} jo}d} nd no~c} t~hahvoincda JAO]^! ti oagczh~bc gacjoa ndhndi~hehmomhýi nd }dmtdimho} zdao"mhciono}) Di }t boxczâo! d}~o} }d"mtdimho} mczzd}|cindi o zd~zc|}dt"

ncgdid}) Da }hgthdi~d |o}c mci}h}~ddi mcb|ozoz ao }dmtdimho nda zd"~zc|}dtncgdi mci ao nda gdi eti"mhcioa mczzd}|cinhdi~d) Da gzonc ndnhudzgdimho di~zd ao} nc} }dmtdi"mho} }d dp|zd}o mcbc |czmdi~ofd ndhndi~hnon x ic} hieczbo omdzmo ndao ducatmhýi nda gdicbo (boxcz oi"~hgñdnon }d ~zontmd di boxcz nh"udzgdimho x! |cz ~oi~c! di bdicz |cz"mdi~ofd nd hndi~hnon) Di d}~d }di~hnc!ac} zd~zc|}dtncgdid} |tdndi t}oz}dmcbc zdacfd} bcadmtaozd})

]t|cidbc} qtd ao |zcjojhahnonnd qtd ti OZI bdi}ofdzc |oz~hmt"aoz }do t}onc |cz ao ~zoi}mzh|~o}ozdudz}o d} oado~czho) ]h oinobc} diac mhdz~c! ao o|ozhmhýi x nhudzgdi"mho nd ac} zd~zc|}dtncgdid} zd}ta"~ozâo nhzdm~obdi~d |zc|czmhcioa oa~hdb|c ~zoi}mtzzhnc x o ao udv }dzâoetimhýi nd ao mcimdi~zomhýi hi~zo"mdataoz nd ti OZI bdi}ofdzc mci"mzd~c; è}~o }d òaao nd~dzbhiono|cz }t ihuda nd dp|zd}hýi di ao}mèatao} nd ao aâido gdzbhioa (uèo}dao ehgtzo :o) ]hi dbjozgc! itd}"

~zc} oiïah}h} ducat~huc} btd}~zoiqtd d}~o} hi}dzmhcid} dudi~toad} ic}hdb|zd }hgtdi ti |o~zýi oado~c"zhc) \cz da mci~zozhc! di oagtic}mo}c} `dbc} cj}dzuonc tio nh}~zh"jtmhýi maozobdi~d hzzdgtaoz6 di mhdz"~c} |dzâcnc} mcz~c} nd ~hdb|c o|o"zdmdi btm`c} bï} zd~zc|}dtncgdid}qtd di c~zc} (uèo}d ao ehgtzo :j!mcbc ti dfdb|ac)

Itd}~zo `h|ý~d}h} }tghdzd qtd d}"~c} otbdi~c} x nh}bhitmhcid} zd"eadfoi mobjhc} ducat~huc} di ac} |o"

~zcid} nd dp|zd}hýi nd gdid} hinh"uhntoad}) Nhm`c nd c~zo eczbo! |ozooagtic} gdid}! ao ezdmtdimho mci aoqtd o|ozdmdi }t} zd~zc|}dtncgdid}zd}|cind o ao ono|~omhýi nd itd}"~zc} oimd}~zc} oi~d mobjhc} di daobjhdi~d) Zd}ta~onc} |zdahbhiozd}mci da gdicbo nda zo~ýi ~objhèibtd}~zoi |o~zcid} hzzdgtaozd} nd ao}hi}dzmhcid} nd oagtic} zd~zc|}dt"ncgdid}! }h jhdi ic mchimhndi mciao} nda gdicbo `tboic) O ao atvnd d}~c} zd}ta~onc}! |cndbc} |zc"|cidz qtd ao} |zd}hcid} nda bdnhcx ao} zd}|td}~o} ono|~o~huo} òi }hncnhedzdi~d} di ac} mobhic} ducat~h"uc} nd d}~o} nc} d}|dmhd})

Ic mci}hndzoz o ao} }dmtdimho} icmcnhehmoi~d} nd itd}~zc gdicbo! hi"mathnc} ac} zd~zc|}dtncgdid}! }hg"ihehmozâo |dzndz tio hb|cz~oi~d |oz~dnd ac qtd ic} òmd `tboic}) Itd}~zc

gdicbo ic }ýac mci~hdid ao} }d"mtdimho} mcnhehmonczo} x zdgtaonc"zo} qtd }d dp|zd}oi edic~â|hmobdi~ddi eczbo nd |zc~dâio}) Da gdic~h|cmci}~h~txd ti zdgh}~zc nd ao `h}~c"zho ducat~huo nd itd}~zo d}|dmhd)^zd} bha bhaacid} nd |ozd} nd jo"}d} ic} òjaoi }cjzd itd}~zc |o"}onc! itd}~zc |zd}di~d x ~oa udvitd}~zc et~tzc)

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Da ndjo~d omdzmo nda |o|da nd"}db|dÿonc |cz ao} bo}o} nd

ac} idt~zhic} di ao `h}~czho nda tih"udz}c ò dp|dzhbdi~onc mobjhc}|zcetinc} d hid}|dzonc} di ac} öa"~hbc} oÿc}) O |zhimh|hc} nda ndmd"ihc nd ?80< }d mzdâo qtd da |zhimh"|oa mcb|cidi~d nd ao ndi}hnon nddidzgâo nda tihudz}c |zcmdndzâo ndtio bo}o idt~zâihmo ~c~oa nd oazd"ndncz nd >4dU6 ao }tbo nd ao} bo"}o} ehfo} mczzd}|cinhdi~d} o ac} d}"~onc} qtd }d bdvmaoi mtïi~hmobdi~d|ozo mci}~h~thz ac} ~zd} ~h|c}! c }o"jczd}! nd idt~zhic} nda bcndac d}~ïi"noz nd ao} |oz~âmtao} dadbdi~oad}!da dadm~zýihmc! da btýihmc x da ~otý"ihmc) D}o ndi}hnon }d omdzmozâo oauoacz mzâ~hmc qtd |zc|czmhciozâo oatihudz}c ao gdcbd~zâo |aoio zdqtd"

zhno |cz ao ~dczâo nd ao hieaomhýi! ceo}d omdadzono nd dp|oi}hýi di ac}|zhbdzc} hi}~oi~d} nda tihudz}c; zd"}caudzâo ~objhèi qthvï! mci tio dp"|ahmomhýi nd ao eczbomhýi nd ao}goaopho}! ac} |zcjadbo} |aoi~donc}|cz ti tihudz}c ncbhionc |cz jo"zhcid})

\dzc }d mcb|zcjý qtd! }dgöi d}~o`h|ý~d}h} nd ao ‑bo~dzho c}mtzo mo"ahdi~d‒! ao} goaopho} ~dinzâoi qtd ò"jdz}d mci}~h~thnc btm`c bï} ~ozndnd ac qtd }d cj}dzuo)

@ojâo! |td}! qtd }t|cidz qtd damcb|cidi~d ncbhioi~d nda tihudz}cdzo oagtio itduo mao}d nd |oz~âmt"ao} mci bo}o! c ‑bo~dzho c}mtzo ezâo‒)O bdnhonc} nda ndmdihc nd ?88< }d|di}ý qtd tio `h|ý~d}h} bhp~o! ndbo~dzho c}mtzo ezâo x moahdi~d! }dzâoao bdfcz dp|ahmomhýi nd ao boidzodi qtd }d eczboi ao} goaopho}; oa"zdndncz nda 7< $ nd ao ndi}hnon nddidzgâo mci}h}~hzâo di bo~dzho c}"mtzo ezâo x ~cnouâo òjzâo qtd mci"~oz mci tio bo}o idt~zâihmo ~c~oand oazdndncz nd ?< dU qtd |zc|cz"mhcio}d da mcb|cidi~d moahdi~d)

]t|dzKobhckoind! ti dp|dzhbdi"~c fo|ciè} qtd d}~tnho ac} idt~zhic}|zcmdndi~d} nd ao o~bý}edzo! nojodi ?880 ao |zhbdzo |ztdjo }ýahnond qtd ac} ~zd} }ojczd} nd idt~zhic}

}d bdvmaoi! ac qtd }ýac d} |c}hjad}h ~hdidi bo}o) D}~ojadmhý ondbï}ti aâbh~d hiedzhcz nd ao bo}o idt~zâ"ihmo ~c~oa6 oazdndncz nd <!<4 dU)Mojâo hi~dz|zd~oz qtd d}~d nd}mt"jzhbhdi~c zd}|oanojo qtd ac} idt"~zhic} dzoi ac} mcb|cidi~d} nd aobo~dzho c}mtzo moahdi~d) ]hi db"jozgc! d}d bh}bc oÿc ao} cj}dzuo"mhcid} nd }t|dzicuo} adfoio}! mciti daduonc nd}|aovobhdi~c nd }t atvoa zcfc ndjhnc o ao dp|oi}hýi ndatihudz}c! hinhmojoi qtd è}~o }d omd"

Ao bo}o nd ac} idt~zhic}Tio mc~o }t|dzhcz

=> HIUD]^HGOMHÝI X MHDIMHO! boxc! :<<>

adzo x qtd da mcb|cidi~d boxczh"~ozhc nd ao ndi}hnon ~c~oa nd didzgâoic mci}h}~d di |oz~âmtao} mci bo}o!}hic di tio bh}~dzhc}o eczbo nddidzgâo c}mtzo! qthvï hndi~hehmojadmci ao mci}~oi~d mc}bcaýghmo Λ!hi~zcntmhno |cz Dhi}~dhi di }t} dmto"mhcid} nd ao zdao~huhnon gdidzoa)

Mczzcjczozci d}~d zd}ta~onc itd"uo} cj}dzuomhcid} nd ao zonhomhýind ecinc nd bhmzccino} x ao} bd"nhmhcid} nhzdm~o} nd ao mci~zhjtmhýind ao bo~dzho o ao ndi}hnon nd didz"gâo) Di d}~o itduo `h|ý~d}h} nd aobo~dzho c}mtzo ezâo mci Λ ic qtdnobtm`c }h~hc |ozo ao} bo}o} nd ac}

idt~zhic}) Da zdmhdi~d dp|dzhbdi~cWBO\ „tio moz~cgzoeâo |zdmh}o ndao zonhomhýi nd ecinc nd bhmzcci"no}„! fti~c mci da mdi}c goaïm~hmc:nE! ahbh~o ao bo}o idt~zâihmo ~c~oao bdic} nd <!7 dU) Da nd}mtjzh"bhdi~c nda ]t|dzkobhckoind nojo!|td}! ao hb|zd}hýi nd òjdz }hnc tiod}|dmhd nd uhm~czho |âzzhmo nda |o"|da mc}bcaýghmc nd ao} bo}o} ndac} idt~zhic}! |dzc tio hi~dz|zd~o"mhýi bï} `cino }tghdzd c~zo hi~dz"|zd~omhýi)

Da ‑bdmoih}bc nda joaoimâi‒ (}dd"}ow"bdmòih}b d} ao hndo bï} |zc"bd~dnczo omdzmo nd ao zovýi nd qtdac} idt~zhic} }doi btm`c bï} ah"gdzc} qtd ao} ndbï} |oz~âmtao} mcibo}o nda bcndac d}~ïinoz) \zdnhmdao dph}~dimho nd ~zd} itduc} idt~zh"ic} btx |d}onc}! o|oz~d nd ac} ~zd}cznhiozhc}) ]t |d}c mcb|di}o ao ah"gdzdvo nd ac} idt~zhic} cznhiozhc}nd boidzo qtd da |zcntm~c nd ao}d}moao} nd bo}o nd ac} idt~zhic} ah"gdzc} x nd ac} |d}onc} }do hgtoa oamtonzonc nd ao d}moao nd didzgâo}ncind! }dgöi da bcndac d}~ïinoz!}d tihehmoi ao} etdzvo} dadm~zcbog"

iè~hmo x nèjha! nd tic} ?<< GdU)@ojhno mtdi~o nd ao d}moao nd bo"}o} nd ac} idt~zhic} o~bc}eèzhmc}ahgdzc}! nda czndi nd ao} mdi~è}h"bo} nd dU! ao nd ac} idt~zhic} |d"}onc}! |td}! òjzï nd }dz nda czndind tic} ?<?> GdU6 mci ti uoacz ~oioa~c! ic òx d}|dzoivo} nd aadgoz omci~zo}~oz da bdmoih}bc nda joaoimâidi ac} omdadzonczd} nd |oz~âmtao})Ondbï}! da ~hdb|c bdnhc nd uhnond d}~o} |oz~âmtao} }dzâo ndbo}honcmcz~c; otiqtd }d |zcntfd}di btx oa

|zhimh|hc nda tihudz}c! mtoinc }tbo}o ndjâo nd }dz hiedzhcz o ao ~db"|dzo~tzo nd è}~d! di mtoi~c ao ~db"|dzo~tzo nd}mdinhd}d |cz ndjofc nd}t bo}o }d nd}hi~dgzozâoi btx nd"|zh}o x nd}o|ozdmâoi |cz mcb|ad~c)Mci ~cnc! oti tio o|ozhmhýi ~oideâbdzo òjzâo ndfonc tio `tdaao hb"|cz~oi~d `cx6 ¯ao dph}~dimho nd aobo~dzho bh}bo/

]dgöi da bcndac d}~ïinoz! o monod}|dmhd nd |oz~âmtao mozgono ad mc"zzd}|cind }t d}|dmhd nd oi~h|oz~âmtao!nd mozgo c|td}~o) Ao cj}dzuomhýi ic}nhmd qtd da tihudz}c d} btx o}hbè"~zhmc di d}~d o}|dm~c6 ic mtdi~o bï}

qtd mci bo~dzho; mozdmd nd oi~hbo"~dzho) Di ?857 Oinzdh ]ofozcu dp|t}cqtd ac} bcndac} qtd nd}mzhjhd}di aojozhcgèid}h} (ao mzdomhýi nd ac} jo"zhcid} ndjdzâoi mtb|ahz ~zd} mcinh"mhcid}! idmd}ozho} |ozo dp|ahmoz mýbc|tnc gdidzoz}d d}o o}hbd~zâo di~zdao bo~dzho x ao oi~hbo~dzho) Da bc"ndac d}~ïinoz }o~h}eomd ao} ~zd}! |dzcic jo}~oi |ozo dp|ahmoz da uoacz mc"zzdm~c nd ao o}hbd~zâo cj}dzuono; }didmd}h~o oagöi higzdnhdi~d itduc! dp"~zoÿc oa bcndac d}~ïinoz)

AO AD\^CGDID]H] d} tio dp|ahmomhýi nd ao hidph}"~dimho nd oi~hbo~dzho di da tihudz}c) Ao o~zhjtxd otic} idt~zhic} |d}onc}! ic himathnc} di da bcndacd}~ïinoz nd ao} |oz~âmtao} dadbdi~oad}! qtd di ac} |zh"bdzc} ~hdb|c} nda tihudz}c }d òjzâoi nd}hi~dgzoncmci boxcz ezdmtdimho di |oz~âmtao} qtd di oi~h|oz~âmt"ao}) Ao} |oz~âmtao} om~toad} }dzâoi ao} mzdono} di dp"md}c |cz d}d bdmoih}bc; ao} c~zo} }d nd}hi~dgzozci

mci }t} mczzd}|cinhdi~d} oi~h|oz~âmtao})^zd} |ozïbd~zc} zhgdi mtoi~h~o~huobdi~d ao

o}hbd~zâo bïphbo! ηJbïp! qtd ao ad|~cgèid}h} |tnc gd"

idzoz di~zd bo~dzho x oi~hbo~dzho „da bïphbc uoacznd ao nhedzdimho nda iöbdzc nd jozhcid} x da nd oi~h"jozhcid} nhuhnhno |cz da iöbdzc nd ec~cid}„6 ao bo}oB? nda ~h|c bï} ahgdzc nd idt~zhic |d}onc! ao zoâvmtonzono (b” β nd ac} mtonzonc} nd ac} ~zd} uoaczd}ehfc} qtd |tdndi ozzcfoz ao} bdnhmhcid} nd ao} bo}o}nd ac} idt~zhic} cznhiozhc} x tio bo}o dedm~huo b

y?

(ti mhdz~c |zcbdnhc nd d}c} uoaczd}) \tdnd bdnhz}ddi da ecinc mý}bhmc nd bhmzccino} mtïi~c} jozhcid}òx |cz ec~ýi! ηJ

EMB) D}~d mcmhdi~d (d} nda czndi nd?<"?< ò nd }dz bdicz qtd ηJ

bïp) D}~ojadmhno d}omcinhmhýi! mono uoacz `h|c~è~hmc nd b” β nd~dzbhio tio

zdghýi |dzbh~hno di da d}|omhc nd ac} |ozïbd~zc} B ?x by ?; etdzo nd daao! ac} uoaczd} nd b” β! B? x by ? ic}ci mcb|o~hjad} di~zd }â) O bdnhno qtd b

” β otbdi~o!

ao zdghýi |dzbh~hno bdigto; |cz dimhbo nd <!= dU!nd}o|ozdmd |cz mcb|ad~c) Ao ad|~cgèid}h} nhm~o o}â tio mc~o }t|dzhcz |ozo b” β)

Ac} dp|dzhbdi~c} qtd òi ndbc}~zonc qtd tic}~h|c} nd idt~zhic} cznhiozhc} }d mciuhdz~di di c~zc}òi d}~ojadmhnc ao} nhedzdimho} di~zd ac} mtonzonc}nd ac} ~zd} uoaczd} nd ao bo}o nd ac} idt~zhic}) Ac}

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O}â! ao dp|ahmomhýi nd nc} `d"m`c} dp|dzhbdi~oad} btx nhedzdi"~d}! ao} bo}o} nd ac} idt~zhic} x aonh}~zhjtmhýi cj}dzuono nd ao bo~d"zho x ao oi~hbo~dzho! }d nd}mzhjdibdnhoi~d ti öihmc di~zobonc ~dý"zhmc) Ao dadgoimho nd d}~d bcndacnd ao jozhcgèid}h}! qtd aaduo da icb"jzd nd ‑ad|~cgèid}h}‒! qtdno zd}"

|oanono |cz ac} uoaczd} bdnhnc})Da aâbh~d hiedzhcz nd ao bo}o nd ac}idt~zhic} o~bc}eèzhmc} mod di dahi~dzuoac idmd}ozhc |ozo dp|ahmoz dauoacz mczzdm~c nd ao o}hbd~zâo di~zdbo~dzho x oi~hbo~dzho) Ic cj}~oi~d!ao ad|~cgèid}h} zdqthdzd ~objhèi qtd

ao bo}o idt~zâihmo ~c~oa ic |o}d ndti uoacz aâbh~d nd tic} <!= dU; }hic! tic} |zcmd}c} ndicbhionc} nd‑dahbhiomhýi‒ }dzâoi ac jo}~oi~d etdz"~d} |ozo jczzoz ao o}hbd~zâo gdid"zono |cz ao} nd}hi~dgzomhcid}; da uo"acz cj}dzuonc ic |cnzâo dp|ahmoz}ddi~cimd})

D}~o |zdnhmmhýi nd ao bo}o idt~zâ"ihmo ~c~oa mcimtdzno mci da aâbh~d}t|dzhcz nd~dzbhionc |cz da }o~èah~dWBO\! xo bdimhcionc! nd <!7 dU)Di ac} |zýphbc} oÿc}! itduc} no"~c} dp|dzhbdi~oad} bdfczozïi d}~d aâ"bh~d x mcb|zcjozïi |cz mcb|ad~c aomc~o }t|dzhcz nhm~ono |cz ao ad|"~cgèid}h}) ^hdid }t gzomho qtd da|o|da mc}bcaýghmc nd ao} bo}o} ndac} idt~zhic}! ~oa x mcbc }tghdzd aoad|~cgèid}h}! nd|dino o`czo nd ao|c}hjhahnon nd qtd }doi ac jo}~oi~d|dqtdÿo}! bhdi~zo} qtd ntzoi~d bt"

m`c ~hdb|c }d mzdxý qtd nd|dinâond qtd etdzoi ac jo}~oi~d gzoind})

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HEOD!Tihudz}hnon Ot~ýicbo nd Jozmdacio

Jdaao~dzzo

d}~onhc zdezom~ozhc ntzoi~d da mtoaic |dzbh~d! bcbdi~ïidobdi~d! ao|zc|ogomhýi nd c~zc hb|ta}c! |c"nzdbc} mci}hndzoz da ~dfhnc moznhomcmcbc ti dfdb|ac mozom~dzâ}~hmc ndbdnhc dpmh~ojad) D}~d ~h|c nd bd"nhc} om~huc} ò }hnc cjfd~c nd d}"~tnhc di da ïbjh~c nd ao qtâbhmo"eâ}hmo x nd ao bo~dbï~hmo ic ahidoa)

Nd eczbo |dzhýnhmo! da iýntac}dic"otzhmtaoz nda mczovýi dbh~d tiodpmh~omhýi qtd }d |zc|ogo mc`d"zdi~dbdi~d |cz da ~dfhnc moznhomc)\dzc jofc mhdz~o} mhzmti}~oimho} aocino nd dpmh~omhýi |tdnd zcb|dz"}d x gdidzoz ti dp~zdbc ahjzd! ecz"boinc tio cino zddi~zoi~d! d}"~ztm~tzono di eczbo nd d}|hzoa dizc~omhýi oazdndncz nd ti iömadc icdpmh~ojad) Ao zddi~zono d}~ï o}cmhonoo d|h}cnhc} nd ~oqthmoznho! xo qtdao} ehjzo} }d mci~zodi mci ao ezd"

mtdimho nd ao cino zddi~zoi~d! bo"xcz qtd ao |dzhcnhmhnon nda iýntac}dic"otzhmtaoz (uèo}d ao ehgtzo ?)Daac no atgoz o |ta}omhcid} bdic}dehmhdi~d}! x nd boxcz ezdmtdimho!di~zd da ncjad x da ~zh|ad nd ao ezd"mtdimho iczboa)

O`czo jhdi! |cz }dz ~zhnhbdi}hc"ioad} ao} |ozdnd} nda mczovýi! d}"~o} cino} zddi~zoi~d} ~dinzïi tiod}~ztm~tzo bï} mcb|ahmono) Di zdo"ahnon! di atgoz nd mtzuo} qtd ghzoioazdndncz nd ti iömadc! ndjdbc}mci}hndzoz }t|dzehmhd} dizcaaono}!mcicmhno} mcbc cino} dizcaaono}(cino} di }mzcaa! qtd noi utda~o}di ~czic o ti uýz~hmd di eczbo ndehaobdi~c) Di ao ehgtzo : }d |tdnd

O|zcphbonobdi~d tio udv |cz

}dgtinc da mczovýi jcbjdoao }oigzd òmho da zd}~c nda mtdz|c)D}~d |zcmd}c }d zdoahvo bdnhoi~d aomci~zommhýi mccznhiono x zâ~bhmond ao} ehjzo} moznhomo}) Ao |èznh"no nd d}~o mccznhiomhýi no atgozo mhdz~o} |o~cacgâo} ndicbhiono}ozzh~bho} moznhomo}! qtd di }t d|h"}cnhc bï} gzoud! mcicmhnc mcbcehjzhaomhýi! |tdnd |zcucmoz aobtdz~d nda hinhuhntc! mci}~h~txdinctio nd ao} |zhbdzo} mot}o} nd nd"

etimhýi di da btinc hint}~zhoah"vonc)Ao mccznhiomhýi bdmïihmo nd ao}

ehjzo} nda mczovýi }d mci}hgtd bd"nhoi~d ao |zc|ogomhýi nd ti |c~di"mhoa nd ommhýi o ac aozgc nd ao} mè"atao} nda ~dfhnc moznhomc) Da |o}c ndd}~d hb|ta}c daèm~zhmc! jï}hmobdi~dmci~zcaonc |cz tio nhedzdimho nd mci"mdi~zomhcid} nd hcid} di~zd da hi~d"zhcz x da dp~dzhcz nd ao bdbjzoiomdataoz! hintmd ao mci~zommhýi ndao} ehjzo} moznhomo})

]h mci}hndzobc} qtd nc} hb|ta"}c} qtd mcah}hcidi }d oihqthaoi di"~zd }â x qtd! nd}|tè} nda |o}c nd tihb|ta}c! da bdnhc |dzboidmd di ti

]hbtaomhýi itbèzhmo^tzjtadimho di bdnhc} dpmh~ojad} x ehjzhaomhýi moznhomo

?) Zd|zd}di~omhýi nd ao |zc|ogomhýi nd ac} hb|ta}c} moznhomc} bdnhoi~d ti bcndac bo"~dbï~hmc }dimhaac nd ti bdnhc dpmh~ojad) Da dp~zdbc }t|dzhcz hvqthdznc gdidzo |dzhýnhmo"bdi~d (~2? tio dpmh~omhýi (obozhaac qtd }d |zc|ogo |cz da bdnhc! ndfoinc o }t |o}c da}h}~dbo di ti d}~onc zdezom~ozhc ( zcfc ) Di mhdz~c hi}~oi~d! }d hi~zcntmd bcbdi~ïido"bdi~d ti cj}~ïmtac (~zhïigtac ovta ! mzdoinc ti dp~zdbc ahjzd) Nhm`c dp~zdbc nhjtfo tiod}|hzoa qtd zc~o mci ti |dzâcnc bdicz (<!=4~ qtd da nd ao gdidzomhýi di da dp~zdbc }t"|dzhcz hvqthdznc) Ac} ~hdb|c} mczzd}|cinhdi~d} o mono hbogdi gtoznoi ao d}moao omczndmci da |dzâcnc nd gdidzomhýi)

=5 HIUD]^HGOMHÝI X MHDIMHO! boxc! :<<>

cj}dzuoz ti dfdb|ac nd d}~o} ci"no} di ti mtjc ~zhnhbdi}hcioa) Diao |ozdn ezci~oa nda mtjc }d di"mtdi~zo da aâbh~d jhnhbdi}hcioa ndd}~o} d}~ztm~tzo}! di eczbo nd cinod}|hzoa)

Di mczovcid} nd mhdz~c ~oboÿc!ti d|h}cnhc nd ~oqthmoznho |tdndndgdidzoz di ti d}~onc nd ehjzhao"mhýi) Ntzoi~d ~oad} d}~onc} òx tiomci~zommhýi nd}czndiono x ozzâ~bhmond ao} ehjzo} moznhomo}! qtd hb|c"}hjhah~oi da jcbjdc mczzdm~c nd ao}oigzd)

Nd}nd ti |ti~c nd uh}~o bo"~dbï~hmc dph}~di nhedzdi~d} zt~o} cbdmoih}bc} nd nd}d}~ojhahvomhýi ndao} cino} zddi~zoi~d}) Tic nd d}"~c} bdmoih}bc} d}~ï o}cmhonc oa `d"m`c nd qtd ac} ehaobdi~c} (uèo}dao ehgtzo : oazdndncz nd ac} mto"

ad} ghzoi ao} cino} ~zhnhbdi}hcio"ad} |tdndi }dz hid}~ojad}! oaozgïi"nc}d x ncjaïinc}d o ao boidzo ndti cuhaac nd}czndionc! mzdoinc ti|o~zýi nd |zc|ogomhýi nd ac} hb"|ta}c} daèm~zhmc} (uèo}d ao ehgtzo =!}hbhaoz oa dimci~zonc ntzoi~d ac}d|h}cnhc} nd ehjzhaomhýi) D}~d d}md"iozhc zduh}~d |oz~hmtaoz hi~dzè}6 oahgtoa qtd ao ehjzhaomhýi! ndzhuo ndti |zcmd}c |tzobdi~d ~zhnhbdi}hc"ioa (di nc} nhbdi}hcid} ao cinozddi~zoi~d }dzâo d}~ojad x! ondbï}!

~oa bdmoih}bc onbh~d ti |zcmd}cnd mci~zca bdnhoi~d ti eczvobhdi~cgacjoa x |dzhýnhmc nd ao} |zc|hdno"nd} nd dpmh~ojhahnon nda bdnhc)

Di dedm~c! zdmhdi~dbdi~d di itd}"~zc gzt|c x di mcaojczomhýi mci O)]) Bhkòhacu! nda Hi}~h~t~c Ezh~v"@ojdz nd Jdzaâi (E@H! `dbc} mci"}dgthnc ndbc}~zoz! oioaâ~hmobdi~d xbdnhoi~d }hbtaomhcid} itbèzhmo}~zhnhbdi}hcioad} nd bcndac} o|zc"|honc} |ozo }h}~dbo} dpmh~ojad}! qtdti nèjha eczvobhdi~c |dzhýnhmc ndezdmtdimho }t|dzhcz o ao mozom~dzâ}"~hmo nd ao zc~omhýi nd ao} cino} oa"zdndncz nda ehaobdi~c mci}hgtd dah"bhioz da d|h}cnhc ~tzjtadi~c)

O |d}oz nd qtd }d ~zo~o nd ti d}"~tnhc |zdahbhioz! jo}onc di tio }hb"|ahehmomhýi nd ao nhiïbhmo nd ac}hb|ta}c}! x qtd ic ~cbo di mtdi~oao mcb|ahmono d}~ztm~tzo eh}hcaýghmonda mczovýi! ao |c}hjhahnon qtd }t"ghdzd |zc|cidz itduo} d}~zo~dgho}nd nd}ehjzhaomhýi moznhomo qtd duh"~di ac} ~zotbï~hmc} ~zo~obhdi~c} ndm`cqtd di t}c! ò }t}mh~onc ti gzoihi~dzè})

]DZGHC OACI]C

EZOIMD]M ]OGTÈ]

Nd|~c) nd _tâbhmo Eâ}hmo)Eomta~on nd _tâbhmo

Tihudz}hnon nd Jozmdacio

Tio nd ao} ndehmhdimho} bï} dp"~dinhno} x ahbh~oi~d} |ozo da

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boio) \zcntmd! ondbï}! mcieahm~c}dbcmhcioad} nd czhdi~omhýi nhiïbhmo)

Nd}nd ac} |zhbdzc} d}~onhc} ndaihÿc }d |zdmh}o |c~dimhoz }t zdao"mhýi mci da bdnhc! o ~zouè} nd ac}nhedzdi~d} moioad} }di}czhoad} |ozomci}dgthz ti ondmtonc nd}ozzcaac|}hmcbc~cz) Mtoaqthdz bdfczo nd ao|dzmd|mhýi di d}~d }di~hnc oedm"~ozï! di da mtz}c nd ao uhno! o ao}

]di}cz ta~zo}ýihmc |zcgzobojad BCUHT]

:) Hbogdi nd tio cino dizcaaono (di }mzcaa di ti }h}~dbo dpmh~o"jad ~zhnhbdi}hcioa) Ao cino nd dpmh~omhýi (obozhaac }dbh~zoi}|o"

zdi~d ghzo oazdndncz nda ehaobdi~c ( zcfc) Uh}toahvomhýi zdoahvonodi Vt}d"Vdi~ztb Jdzaâi (VHJ)

=) Hbogdi nda zèghbdi ~tzjtadi~c di ti }h}~dbo dpmh~ojad ~zhnh"bdi}hcioa) Ao} cino} nd dpmh~omhýi (obozhaac }dbh~zoi}|ozdi~d|zd}di~oi tio d}~ztm~tzo ~tzjtadi~o c moý~hmo) Uh}toahvomhýi zdoah"vono di Vt}d"Vdi~ztb Jdzaâi (VHJ)

HIUD]^HGOMHÝI X MHDIMHO! boxc! :<<> =7

om~huhnond} zdaomhciono} mci ao czhdi"~omhýi! ao bcuhahnon! ao boih|tao"mhýi d himat}c ao mcbtihmomhýi x aozdaomhýi }cmhoa)

Ic}c~zc} `dbc} nd}ozzcaaonc ti}h}~dbo |ozo mhdgc} x ndehmhdi~d} uh"}toad} qtd |dzbh~d nd~dm~oz cjfd~c}di ti di~czic ndehihnc x |zýphbc!

nd eczbo ehojad) ]d aaobo BCUHT])Bdnhoi~d moioad} oa~dzio~huc}! }d mc"btihmo oa t}tozhc ao |c}hmhýi o|zc"phbono nd è}~c} x }d cj~hdid o}â mhdz~o zd|zd}di~omhýi nda d}|omhc mhz"mtinoi~d nd ao vcio ezci~oa)

Da nh}|c}h~huc nd}ozzcaaonc db"|ado ao dbh}hýi! ao zdeadphýi x aozdmd|mhýi (~èmihmo |ta}c"dmc nd ta"~zo}cihnc} mcbc bdnhc eâ}hmc nd nd"~dmmhýi) ]d t~hahvo da |zhimh|hc ndbdnhno nhedzdimhoa nd eo}d nd aocino ta~zo}ýihmo zdeadfono! qtd d}mo|~ono di nc} |ti~c} |zýphbc} bd"nhoi~d }dinc} zdmd|~czd} (~zoi}ntm"~czd} |hdvcdaèm~zhmc})

Ic }d ~zo~o oqtâ nd cj~didz ao}mcczndiono} |zdmh}o} nda cjfd~c! |td}da |zcjadbo nd bcuhahnon ic zd"qthdzd ~oa ihuda nd nd~oaad! ih }dnh}|cid nd ti moioa |c~di~d nd ~zoi}"bh}hýi nd hieczbomhýi oa t}tozhc)]hi dbjozgc! ao hieczbomhýionqthzhno }hzud |ozo ndehihzx ndahbh~oz nd tio eczbo oj"}cat~obdi~d ehojad da mob|cnd nd~dmmhýi nda mcifti~c

}di}cz) Ao nh}~oimho }d bhnd|cz da ~hdb|c ~zoi}mtzzhncnd}nd da bcbdi~c nd dbh"}hýi ò}~o ao zdmd|mhýi; daïigtac zd}|dm~c nda dfd nddbh}hýi! o }t udv! }d bhnd|cz ao nhedzdimho nd eo}d ndao} }dÿoad}! mczzd}|cinhdi~do ao nhedzdimho nd mobhic}òmho }dinc} zdmd|~czd})

\cz mci}hgthdi~d! da dmc ndti cjfd~c d} onbh~hnc c zd"mòvonc di etimhýi nd ao |dz"

~didimho c ic o ti atgoz gdcbè"~zhmc mciehgtzonc |cz vcio} nh}mzd"~o}! qtd }d òi ndehihnc nd oi~d"boic |cz mczzd}|cindimho} ndnh}~oimho} x ïigtac}) Nd d}d bcnc!|tdnd ndehihz}d |zïm~hmobdi~d mtoa"qthdz ehgtzo gdcbè~zhmo mcbc mob|cnd nd~dmmhýi)

Da }h}~dbo BCUHT] mcb|zdindtio tihnon }di}czo! qtd mci~hdidac} ~zoi}ntm~czd} nd dbh}hýi x zd"md|mhýi; }d }h~öo o ao oa~tzo nda |d"m`c! mcagono nda mtdaac nda t}tozhc)Mcidm~ono daèm~zhmobdi~d o d}~otihnon! }d nh}|cid ao tihnon dadm~zý"ihmo nd |zcmd}obhdi~c! qtd! }c|cz"~ono o bcnc nd joincadzo! mci~hdidao jo~dzâo x ti bhmzcmci~zcaoncz!qtd zdoahvo ao} etimhcid} nd dpmh"~omhýi! onqth}hmhýi x ~zo~obhdi~cnd }dÿoad} |ozo hndi~hehmomhýi x }d"admmhýi d}|omhoa nd dmc} di etimhýinda mob|c nd nd~dmmhýi mciehgtzonc|zduhobdi~d) Ao mcbtihmomhýi ndd}~c} cj}~ïmtac} oa t}tozhc }d zdo"ahvo o ~zouè} nd nc} gdidzonczd} nd|h~hnc}! nd uhjzomhcid} c nd objc}!nd ezdmtdimho uozhojad)

Ac} jdidehmhc} |zhimh|oad} qtdo|cz~o BCUHT] }d ndzhuoi nd |c"

ndz mciehgtzoz da òv nd nd~dmmhýi}dgöi tio eczbo d}|omhoa nd~dzbh"iono! |zcgzobojad x mcibt~ojad di"~zd uozho} c|mhcid} oabomdiono}) Icd}~ï zd}~zhighnc zâghnobdi~d |cz daaýjtac nd zonhomhýi nd ac} ~zoi}"ntm~czd} nd dbh}hýi#zdmd|mhýi) ]d}c}aoxoi o}â ~objhèi ac} |zcjadbo}nd hind~dzbhiomhýi di ao nd~dmmhýi!qtd di c~zc} }h}~dbo} nd|dindi ndao ~zoi}bh}hýi x nd ao} mozom~dzâ}~h"mo} }t|dzehmhoad} x nd |c}hmhýi! czhdi"~omhýi c ztgc}hnon nda zdeadm~cz)_tdnoi! |td}! dahbhiono} ao} hi"mdz~hntbjzd} |zc|ho} nd d}~d ~h|c ndnd~dm~czd}! di |oz~hmtaoz di ao} vc"io} nd ac} jcznd})

\cz ~cnc daac! di da }h}~dbo BC"UHT]! tio udv }t|dzonc ti tbjzoabâihbc! mtoaqthdz cjfd~c qtd }do nd"~dm~ojad ac }dzï di ~cnc da mob|cnd nd~dmmhýi x itimo etdzo nda bh}bc

|cz |zýphbc x ucatbhic}c qtd }do)Ic }d hi~di~o mci d}~d }h}~dbo}t}~h~thz oa jo}~ýi! bdnhc zdoabdi~d}hb|ad! ehojad x dmciýbhmc) Oi~d}jhdi! }d |zd~dind mcb|adbdi~ozacoa |c}hjhah~oz d}~d itduc nh}|c}h~hucnd~dm~oz cjfd~c} }h~tonc} di ti d}"|omhc }t|dzhcz! mczzd}|cinhdi~d oaqtd }d ad |zd}di~o oa |do~ýi o ao oa"~tzo nda ~ýzop x qtd da jo}~ýi ic d}mo|ov nd nd~dm~oz di }t} jozzhnc}òjh~toad}) Ao |c}hjhahnon nd m`c"moz mci ~oad} cjfd~c} gdidzo di ao}|dz}cio} mci ndehmhdimho uh}toa mhdz"~c ~dbcz d hi}dgtzhnon di }t} nd}"|aovobhdi~c} |cz da zhd}gc zdoa ndnoÿc) Onhmhcioabdi~d! da }h}~dbo nd"}ozzcaaonc nd~dm~o cjfd~c} bï} adfo"ic} qtd da jo}~ýi x dedm~öo jozzh"nc} nda mob|c nd nd~dmmhýi ndehihncnd eczbo bï} zï|hno x }hi hi~dz"udimhýi `tboio)

Mci ac} ouoimd} mci}d"gthnc} }d |zd~dind di ti et"~tzc |zýphbc hi~zcntmhz dida bdzmonc ti nh}|c}h~hucqtd ògo bï} eïmha x }dgtzc

da nd}|aovobhdi~c o ac} nd"ehmhdi~d} uh}toad} |ozo acgzozti boxcz gzonc nd ot~c"icbâo di }t} nhedzdi~d} om"~huhnond})

ZOBÝI MDZD]! F) B) BOZ^ÂI!A) O) \ÈZDV! E) ]DMC!

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Ao hi~di}o om~huhnon hint}~zhoa xogzâmcao qtd ~oi~c} jdidehmhc}

ò ~zoânc o ao `tboihnon omozzdoo}hbh}bc tio mci}dmtdimho bdic}gzo~o6 ao mci~obhiomhýi nd }tdac}!`hnzc}edzo x o~bý}edzo) Ao} ~èmih"mo} nd}ozzcaaono} |ozo zdbdnhoz x|zdudihz ~oi icmhuc dedm~c }d di"ezdi~oi o mci~obhioi~d} mono udvbï} nheâmhad} nd dahbhioz! ndjhnc o}t |zcmdndimho }hi~è~hmo) \d}d o it"bdzc}c} ouoimd}! oöi qtdnoi bt"m`c} dmc}h}~dbo} |cz zd}~otzoz x dazhd}gc nd itduo} mci~obhiomhcid}|dz}h}~d) Oecz~tionobdi~d! ao} zd"gtaomhcid} objhdi~oad} }ci mono udvbï} dphgdi~d} di mtoi~c o ao dbh"}hýi nd |zcntm~c} ~ýphmc}) Di mci"

}dmtdimho! ao} d}~zo~dgho} |ozo duh"~oz ndzzobd} c zd}~otzoz objhdi~d}|dzftnhmonc} ndjdi zduh}oz}d mci~h"itobdi~d)

\ozo nd}mci~obhioz ti di~czic! obditnc }d idmd}h~o zdmtzzhz o ao mcb"jhiomhýi nd nhedzdi~d} ~zo~obhdi~c})Di etimhýi nda mci~obhioi~d! }d db"|hdvo mci bè~cnc} eh}hmcqtâbhmc}!mcbc ao on}czmhýi x ao dp~zommhýimci }caudi~d} c }tzeom~oi~d}! c jhcaý"ghmc}! qtd t}oi bhmzcczgoih}bc}|ozo ao zdbcmhýi nd bo~dzho czgï"ihmo) Ac} ~zo~obhdi~c} divhbï~hmc}}d o|ahmoi òjh~toabdi~d |ozo |tahzda |zcmd}c! mcbc ommd}czhc}) ]hi db"jozgc! }t mo|omhnon |ozo nd}hi~cph"moz bdnhoi~d tio öihmo d~o|o ad} mci"ehdzd ti |c~dimhoa zdaduoi~d)

Ao} divhbo} bï} t~hahvono} di aond}mci~obhiomhýi objhdi~oa }ci ao}cphno~huo}6 aomo}o} x |dzcphno}o})Di d}|dmhoa! ao} |zcudihdi~d} nd `ci"gc} nd |tnzhmhýi jaoimo mcbc \òid"zcmòd~d mzx}c}|czhtb x \adctzc~t}c}~zdo~t}) D}~o} divhbo} zdmcicmditio ob|aho uozhdnon nd }t}~zo~c})

Di ao hint}~zho eozbomèt~hmo }d t~h"ahvoi |ozo mo~oahvoz ao cphnomhýidioi~hc}dadm~huo nd mcb|td}~c} czgï"ihmc} (cadehio}! }taetzc}! `hnzcmoz"jtzc} ozcbï~hmc}! mozjc`hnzo~c}! d~m)x o}â cj~didz bcaèmtao} nd hi~dzè}mcbdzmhoa)

Di mtoi~c o }t o|ahmomhýi ob"jhdi~oa! ao} aomo}o} x |dzcphno}o}mo~oahvoi ao cphnomhýi nd `hnzcmoz"jtzc} |cahmâmahmc} ozcbï~hmc} (@\O!mcaczoi~d} ~h|c ovc (ndzhuonc} ndobhio} ozcbï~hmo}! |aogthmhno} cz"

goicec}eczonc} x maczonc}! x edic"ad}) Ndjhnc o }t mozïm~dz bt~ogè"ihmc x mozmhiýgdic! ao ~cphmhnon ndd}~o} }t}~oimho} zd}ta~o oaozboi~d6da diudidiobhdi~c |cz |aogthmhno}czgoicec}eczonc} }d mcjzo oazdnd"ncz nd 0 bhaacid} nd btdz~d} monooÿc; nd ao} 0<<< ~cidaono} nd mc"aczoi~d} ~h|c ovc qtd }d |zcntmdioitoabdi~d! di~zd da 4 x da ?< |czmhdi~c }d ozzcfo o ac} boi~c} omtâed"zc}! ncind ao jhc~o |tdnd ~zoi}ecz"bozac} di obhio} mozmhicgèihmo}; }dòi dimci~zonc mcimdi~zomhcid} dad"uono} nd @\O di ao o~bý}edzo! ogto}x }tdac}! zd}ta~oi~d} nd ndzzobd} xmcbjt}~hcid} himcb|ad~o})

Ao cphnomhýi mo~oahvono |cz ao"

mo}o} x |dzcphno}o} zdjofo }hgiheh"mo~huobdi~d ao ~cphmhnon nd d}~c}mci~obhioi~d} (ò}~o di ~zd} ýznd"id} nd bogih~tn; himat}c |tdnd aad"goz o oitaozao) Ondbï}! ao cphno"mhýi divhbï~hmo himzdbdi~o ao}catjhahnon di ogto nd d}~o} bcaè"mtao}; daac eomhah~o }t |c}~dzhcz nd"gzonomhýi! xo }do bdnhoi~d c~zc ~zo"~obhdi~c divhbï~hmc c |cz ommhýibhmzcjhoio)

\d}d o ~zo~oz}d nd |c~di~d} mo~o"ahvonczd}! d}~o} divhbo} oöi ~oznozïidi }oahz nda aojczo~czhc |ozo o|ah"moz}d di ao hint}~zho) ]t |zhimh|oaahbh~omhýi zd}hnd di ao hid}~ojhahnon)

Di ac} objhdi~d} o zd}~otzoz! mcbc}tdac} mci~obhionc} x deatdi~d} ndzd}hntc} ogzchint}~zhoad} c tzjoic}!ojtinoi mcb|td}~c} qtd |tdndi zd"}ta~oz ~ýphmc} |ozo ao} divhbo} (bd"~oad} x }oad} x bhmzcczgoih}bc}dinýgdic} qtd ndgzonoi ao} |zc"~dâio}) Ondbï}! ao omhndv (c oamo"ahihnon nda bdnhc }tdad |zd}di~ozuoaczd} dp~zdbc}) Mciudinzâo! |td}!nd}ozzcaaoz jhcmo~oahvonczd} bï} zd"}h}~di~d} o ao} mcinhmhcid} nd ac}di~czic} mci~obhionc})

\cz c~zc aonc! ao} etdi~d} nd |zc"ntmmhýi nd d}~o} divhbo} }ci oöiao} io~tzoad} (mzdmhbhdi~c nda `cigc}cjzd oudio! ~zhgc! }czgc! d~m)! acqtd ao} dimozdmd ndbo}honc) ]hintno! ao} ~èmihmo} qtd |dzbh~oi ojo"zo~oz ac} mc}~c} nd |zcntmmhýi ndac} jhcmo~oahvonczd} omdadzozïi }to|ahmomhýi hint}~zhoa)

Ao jhc~dmicacgâo cezdmd oa~dz"io~huo} nd jofc mc}~c didzgè~hmc xzd}|d~tc}o} mci da di~czic) D}~o}|tdndi t~hahvoz}d |ozo }t}~h~thz cmcb|adbdi~oz |zcmd}c} qtâbhmc}xo dph}~di~d} x o}â bdfczoz ao deh"mhdimho nda ~zo~obhdi~c) Di oagt"ic} mo}c}! ao o|ahmomhýi nd divhbo}|tzhehmono} |cnzâo ~zontmhz}d di |zc"md}c} nd eïmha boidfc! mci }tj|zc"ntm~c} hicmtc} x mo~oahvonczd} jhc"ndgzonojad})

DNTOZNC ^CZZD] ZOBÂZDV

Hi}~h~t~c Bdphmoic nda \d~zýadc!Bèphmc

Jhc~dmicacgâoCphnomhýi divhbï~hmo nd mci~obhioi~d} czgïihmc}

D}~ztm~tzo nd ao aomo}o nda `cigc \) c}~zdo~t}) Di mcacz zcfc }d nd}~omoi ac} ï~cbc} ndmcjzd! |zd}di~d} di da }h~hc om~huc)

?) Ao} etdzvo} nd nh}|dz"}hýi nd uoi ndz Wooa} qtd

c|dzoi! bdnhoi~d ao hintm"mhýi nd nh|cac}! di~zd d}~o}

ioic|oz~âmtao} d}eèzhmo} nd mc"joa~c nd 8 ioiýbd~zc} nd nhïbd"

~zc mcintmdi o ao eczbomhýi ndbcicmo|o} mcb|om~o} mci }hbd~zâo~zhoigtaoz)

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ND MDZMOOt~cz6 Uâm~cz E) \ti~d}

Ioicd}~ztm~tzo} nd mcjoa~c

Da mcjoa~c mci}~h~txd ti dadbdi~c qtâbhmc

nda boxcz hi~dzè}) Di~zo di ao mcb|c}hmhýind bo~dzhoad} btx nh}|ozd} di }t} |zc|hd"

nond} d}~ztm~tzoad}! bogiè~hmo}! dadm~zýihmo}x mo~oaâ~hmo})

Di |oz~hmtaoz! bdzmdn o }t} |zc|hdnond}! }dic} cezdmd mcbc ti dpmdadi~d moinhno~c |ozo daoabomdiobhdi~c bogiè~hmc nd hieczbomhýi) Ao}d}~ztm~tzo} qtd bdfcz }d ono|~oi o ao} dphgdimho}nd d}~d ~h|c nd o|ahmomhýi }ci ao} nd ~oboÿcioicbè~zhmc (ti ioiýbd~zc mczzd}|cind o aobhaaciè}hbo |oz~d nd ti bhaâbd~zc) Nd o`â qtddi ac} öa~hbc} oÿc} }d `oxo hi~di}hehmonc ao hi"ud}~hgomhýi di ao }âi~d}h} nd ioic|oz~âmtao} ndmcjoa~c)

Hb|cz~o }cjzdboidzo qtd ao} ioic|oz~âmtao}nd mcjoa~c (ogzt|omhcid} nd ï~cbc} nd mcjoa~c}d di}objadi di ioicd}~ztm~tzo} czndiono} x

eczbdi ioicmzh}~oad}) \dzc ic zd}ta~o eïmha mci}d"gthz qtd ~oad} tihnond} }d czndidi mci ~oboÿozdgtaozhnon) Di~zd daao} c|dzoi hi~dzommhcid} dadm"~zcbogiè~hmo} hi~dzbcadmtaozd} btx nhudz}o}; |czmh~oz oagtio}6 gzoi oehihnon dadm~zýihmo! daduono

~di}hýi }t|dzehmhoa! etdzvo} nd nh}|dz}hýi nd uoindz Wooa} d hi~dzommhcid} nh|cac"nh|cac)

Mtoinc }d duo|czo tio }catmhýi mcachnoa nd io"ic|oz~âmtao} nd mcjoa~c }cjzd ti }tj}~zo~c! }d cj"~hdidi d}~ztm~tzo} mcb|adfo}! ezt~c nda dqthahjzhcdi~zd ~cno} d}o} hi~dzommhcid}) Da |zcmd}c zdmtdz"no da qtd nhzhgd ao ot~cczgoihvomhýi nd ao} bomzc"bcaèmtao} jhcaýghmo}! mcbc da |zc|hc ONI c ao}|zc~dâio}) Ao} ec~c} nd bhmzc}mc|âo dadm~zýihmond ~zoi}bh}hýi qtd cezdmdbc} btd}~zoi oagtic} ndd}~c} ot~cdi}objaofd} nd mcjoa~c) Di etimhýi nda~oboÿc x ao eczbo nd ao} ioic|oz~âmtao}! }d cj~hd"idi bcicmo|o}! mondio} c nh}mc} o|haonc})



:) Mtoi~c boxcz d} da nhïbd~zc nd aoioic|oz~âmtao! boxcz zd}ta~o }t bcbdi~cbogiè~hmc x! |cz ~oi~c! boxcz ao ~dindimhoo eczboz mondio} nd nh|cac}) O}â ac btd}"~zoi d}~o} d}~ztm~tzo} nd ioic|oz~âmtao}d}eèzhmo} nd mcjoa~c nd ?: ( hvqthdzno x ?5 (ojofc ioiýbd~zc} nd nhïbd~zc)

=) D}~c} ioicnh}mc} nd mcjoa~cnd = ioiýbd~zc} nd d}|d}czx ?4 ioiýbd~zc} nd nhïbd~zc(di uoacz bdnhc ~hdindio o|haoz}d |cz ao |oz~d |aoio)O}â! ao} d}~ztm~tzo} ot~cdi"}objaono} onqthdzdi ao eczbond jozzo)

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Ao mcb|zdi}hýi nd ao} jo}d} bcadmtaozd} nd nhmò} oa~dzomhcid}

cezdmd itduc} diecqtd} |ozo ~zo~oz da mcb|cz~obhdi~c mcb|ta}huc nda onhm~c

Dzhm F) Id}~adz x Zcjdz~ M) Boadiko

F O I O J Z D I I H I G

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Zoxo} jaoimo} }cjzd da d}|dfc) Tio ogtfo xtio mtmòzo) ]ýac mci udz ao nzcgo c mtoa"qthdzo nd ac} t~di}hahc} qtd ao }tdadi omcb"|oÿoz! da ~cphmýboic db|hdvo o d}~zdbdmdz}d)

Oi~hmh|o da |aomdz) Atdgc! uomhono ao fdzhigo! aadgo aodteczho zdoa6 moacz! maozhnon! uh}hýi! oahuhc! }di}omhýind cmt|oz da mdi~zc nda tihudz}c) Ntzoi~d tic} hi}"~oi~d}! ~cnc |ozdmd `dzbc}c) \dzc oagc cmtzzd ~zo} damci}tbc zd|d~hnc nd tio nzcgo! }do è}~o `dzcâio! mc"moâio! w`h}kx c oied~obhio)

Ao nc}h} qtd oi~d} |zcntmâo dteczho db|hdvo o zd"}ta~oz hi}tehmhdi~d) \himòz}d c o}|hzoz da iozmý~hmc }dmciuhdz~di di tio idmd}hnon) ]hi ao nzcgo! }d `tinddi ao nd|zd}hýi x! o bditnc! diedzbo) Db|hdvo o nzc"goz}d nd eczbo mcb|ta}huo) ]d ò `dm`c onhm~c) \hdzndda mci~zca }cjzd da iozmý~hmc x }tezd da }âinzcbd ndoj}~hidimho) Da `ïjh~c bhio }t }oatn! }t jca}haac x }tzdaomhýi mci ac} ndbï})

\cz ~zo~oz}d nd }t}~oimho} qtâbhmo} qtd hi~di}hehmoida }h}~dbo mdzdjzoa nd zdmcb|di}o! ao} nzcgo} |zcnt"mdi }di}omhýi nd dteczho) Nhm`c }h}~dbo d}~ï eczbonc|cz ti mcb|adfc mhzmth~c nd idtzcio} qtd ò ducat"mhcionc |ozo |zc|czmhciozic} da |aomdz nd ao bd}o xnda }dpc! om~huhnond} idmd}ozho} |ozo }cjzduhuhz x ~zoi}"bh~hz itd}~zc} gdid}) Oa bdic} hihmhoabdi~d! ao dpmh"~omhýi nd d}~d }h}~dbo ic} o|cz~o jhdid}~oz x ic}oihbo o zd|d~hz mtoaqthdz om~huhnon qtd ic} |zcntvmo|aomdz)

Nd omtdznc mci ao hiud}~hgomhýi zdmhdi~d! da mci"}tbc zd|d~hnc nd nzcgo} hintmd mobjhc} di ao d}~ztm"~tzo x ao etimhýi nd ao} idtzcio} nda }h}~dbo nd zd"

mcb|di}o qtd |dz}h}~di }dboio}! bd}d} c himat}coÿc} ~zo} ao öa~hbo nc}h}) Di ti bdmoih}bc |dzudz}c!d}~o ono|~omhýi nda mdzdjzc }t|zhbd ac} dedm~c} |ao"mdi~dzc} qtd da onhm~c jt}mo di ao} }t}~oimho} |}hmc"om~huo}) Da nd}dc ud`dbdi~d x mcb|ta}huc nd nzcgo ado~zo|o di tio d}|hzoa nd mci}tbc! o ao udv qtd ecbdi"~o da oj}di~h}bc aojczoa x da ojoincic nda `cgoz) Tioboxcz mcb|zdi}hýi nd d}~o} oa~dzomhcid} idtzcioad}ndjdzâo mci~zhjthz oa nd}ozzcaac nd itduc} ~zo~obhdi"~c} nd ao onhmmhýi qtd oxtnozoi o zdmt|dzoz da mdzd"jzc x ao uhno nda nzcgonhm~c)

Mcb|cz~obhdi~c mcb|ta}hucD}~tnhc} mci oihboad} nd aojczo~czhc! hihmhonc} òmd xotic} mtozdi~o oÿc}! òi |dzbh~hnc mcb|zcjoz qtd uo"zho} nzcgo} }hgtdi tio bh}bo ~zoxdm~czho mdzdjzoa di }t|zcgzd}c nda mci}tbc o ao onhmmhýi) ]h }d ad} jzhino aoc|cz~tihnon! zo~o}! zo~cid} x |zhbo~d} ic `tboic} }d

ot~conbhih}~zozïi ao} bh}bo} }tj}~oimho} mci ao} qtd}d nzcgo da `cbjzd) Di d}~c} dp|dzhbdi~c}! ac} oihbo"ad} }d mcidm~oi o tio uâo nd hixdmmhýi hi~zoudic}o)O|zdindi o o|zd~oz ~zd} |oaoimo}6 tio |ozo zdmhjhz tiohiet}hýi hi~zoudic}o nd nzcgo! c~zo |ozo hixdm~oz}d tio}catmhýi }oahio hicmto x tio ~dzmdzo |ozo oamoivoz daoahbdi~c) Di |cmc} nâo}! ac} oihboad} }d òi òjh~tonc6}d ot~conbhih}~zoi mci ~cno eomhahnon mcmoâio! `dzcâio!oied~obhio x c~zo})

Oöi bï}! omojoi |zd}di~oinc mcb|cz~obhdi~c} ~â|hmc}nd ao onhmmhýi) \ozo nzcgoz}d! }ci mo|omd} nd zditimhozo ao mcbhno x da }tdÿc; oagtic} himat}c aadgoi o bczhz|cz ogc~obhdi~c c boait~zhmhýi) Di da mo}c nd ao} }t}"

~oimho} bï} onhm~huo}! mcbc ao mc"moâio! ac} oihboad} |o}ozïi ao boxcz|oz~d nda ~hdb|c di uhghaho! oeoiïi"nc}d |cz mci}dgthz c~zo nc}h}! otimtoinc d}c }hgihehqtd ~didz qtd |zd"}hcioz ao |oaoimo mhdi~c} nd udmd}|ozo cj~didzao) Hgtoa qtd ac} onhm~c}`tboic}! o ac} qtd mtoaqthdz zded"

zdimho o ao nzcgo (}do da atgoz nd mci"}tbc c ac} ö~had} nd }t o|ahmomhýiad} |zcucmo tio hi~di}o oi}hdnon |czmci}dgthz tio nc}h}! ac} oihboad} ~dz"bhioi |cz |zdedzhz ti di~czic zdao"mhcionc mci da d}~hbtaoi~d (ao vciond ao fotao ncind }d òaao ao |oaoimoqtd ad} |zc|czmhcio jhdid}~oz)

Mtoinc }d ad} qth~o ao }t}~oimho!ac} oihboad} |zci~c ojoincioi d}doeïi |cz ao mcb|di}omhýi qtâbhmo)\dzc ic cauhnoi da |aomdz) Tio zo~oqtd òxo |dzboidmhnc ‑ahb|ho‒! hi"mat}c ntzoi~d bd}d}! ucaudzï o |zd"}hcioz nd eczbo mcb|ta}huo ao |o"aoimo }h }d ad ndfo |zcjoz mcmoâio

HIUD]^HGOMHÝI X MHDIMHO! boxc! :<<> >=

AO ONHMMHCI }d ndjd! di |oz~d! o ao ommhýi ndao} nzcgo} òjh~tonczo} }cjzd da mhzmth~c mdzd"jzoa nd zdmcb|di}o) Di zovýi nd d}o himhndimho!

da |omhdi~d ao} jt}mo mcb|ta}huobdi~d mcbc acbï} nd}dojad nda btinc)

c }d ad dimhdzzo di tio fotao qtddaao o}cmho mci }t mci}tbc) Ndbcnc |ozdmhnc! ao} }dÿoad} qtd|tdnoi mciudz~hz}d di hinhmonc"zd} nda }tbhih}~zc nd nzcgo! mcbctio nd}mozgo daèm~zhmo di ao |o~o!|zcucmozïi qtd ao zo~o utdauo oao nzcgo) Ac} bh}bc} ~h|c} nd d}"~âbtac} „dp|c}hmhýi o nc}h} jo" fo} c }hgic} uhimtaonc} oa d}~t|d"eomhdi~d„ nd}|hdz~oi da nd}dc x|zcucmoi ao zdmoâno di da onhm~c`tboic)

O|cxïinc}d di ~oad} dp|dzhbdi"~c} nd ot~conbhih}~zomhýi! }d òimoz~cgzoehonc ao} zdghcid} nda mdzd"jzc qtd |oz~hmh|oi di da mcb|cz~o"bhdi~c onhm~huc x }d ò nd}mtjhdz~cao etimhýi |zhimh|oa nda }h}~dbo ndzdmcb|di}o) Ao} nzcgo} }d òmdimci da mci~zca nda }h}~dbo x d}~h"btaoi }t om~huhnon mci tio didzgâo

x |dz}h}~dimho }t|dzhczd} o mtoaqthdzzdmcb|di}o io~tzoa)

Ti mcb|cidi~d maoud nda mhzmth~cnd zdmcb|di}o d} da }h}~dbo bd"}caâbjhmc nd ao nc|obhio6 ti mci" fti~c nd mèatao} idzuhc}o} qtd ~hd"idi }t czhgdi di da ïzdo ~dgbdi~oaudi~zoa (OÛ! mdzmo nd ao jo}d ndamdzdjzc x nhzhgdi }t} |zcxdmmhc"id} òmho nd~dzbhiono} zdghcid}nda |zc}dimèeoac! btx di |oz~hmtaozòmho da itmadt} ommtbjdi}) D}o}idtzcio} nda OÛ }d mcbtihmoi di"uhoinc nc|obhio (ti idtzc~zoi}"bh}cz nd}nd ac} dp~zdbc} nd }t}opcid} ò}~o ac} zdmd|~czd} oacfo"nc} di ao} idtzcio} nda itmadt} om"mtbjdi}) Ao uâo nd ao nc|obhiond}nd da OÛ ò}~o da itmadt} om"mtbjdi} zd}ta~o ndmh}huo |ozo aoonhmmhýi6 ac} oihboad} qtd }tezditio ad}hýi nd d}o} zdghcid} ic utda"udi o bc}~zoz hi~dzè} oagtic |czao} }t}~oimho} onhm~huo})

Duoatomhýi nd ao zdmcb|di}o

Ao} uâo} nd ao zdmcb|di}o |c}dditio aozgo `h}~czho ducat~huo) Da |zc"|hc Modiczòjnh~h} dadgoi}! ti gt"}oic btx dadbdi~oa! |zd}di~o tioudz}hýi! ztnhbdi~ozho! nda }h}~dbo)

Di d}~c} czgoih}bc}! ao hiom~huomhýind ao} idtzcio} nc|obhièzghmo}maoud! di~zd mto~zc x cm`c! |zcucmoqtd |o}di nd aozgc! }hi |zd}~ozad aobdicz o~dimhýi! oi~d ti ~o|hv ndjom~dzho}! }t oahbdi~c eouczh~c)

Di ac} bobâedzc}! da mhzmth~c ndzdmcb|di}o zduh}~d boxcz mcb|ad" fhnon) C|dzo mci c~zo} zdghcid} ndamdzdjzc |ozo mciedzhz dbc~huhnon o

tio dp|dzhdimho x nhzhghz ao zd}|td}~onda hinhuhntc oi~d ac} d}~âbtac} ndzdmcb|di}o! himathnc} da oahbdi~c!da }dpc x ao hi~dzommhýi }cmhoa) Aoobâgnoao! |cz dfdb|ac! oxtno o uo"aczoz }h tio uhudimho zd}ta~o ogzo"nojad c zd|ta}huo! }h ndjdzâo zd|d"~hz}d c duh~oz}d; mci~zhjtxd ~objhèio di~ojaoz mcidphcid} di~zd tio xc~zc} hinhmhc} nd zdedzdimho) Da `h"|cmob|c |oz~hmh|o di da zdgh}~zc ndzdmtdznc} nd ti `dm`c6 nýind!mtïinc x mci qthèi cmtzzhý) \cz ehi!

>> HIUD]^HGOMHÝI X MHDIMHO! boxc! :<<>

▬ Ao mcmoâio! da oamc`ca! ac} c|hïmdc}! ao} oied~obhio} x c~zo} nzcgo}qtd mzdoi `ïjh~c }d o|zc|hoi nda }h}~dbo nd zdmcb|di}o nda mdzd"jzc) Ao d}~hbtaomhýi nd d}~d mhzmth~c zdetdzvo da mcb|cz~obhdi~c ndahinhuhntc! ò}~o nd~dzbhioz qtd ac qtd tic omojo nd òmdz! qtdzzïòmdzac nd itduc)

▬ Ao dp|c}hmhýi zd|d~hno o d}~o} nzcgo} hintmd ono|~omhcid} |dzntzo"jad} di da mdzdjzc) Oa~dzoi da bcnc di qtd ao} idtzcio} nda mhzmth~cnd zdmcb|di}o |zcmd}oi ao hieczbomhýi d hi~dzommhcioi di~zd }â)

▬ Di~dindz ac} bdmoih}bc} di mtxo uhz~tn ao dp|c}hmhýi mzýihmo o ao}nzcgo} zdbcndao da mdzdjzc nda onhm~c |cnzâo ojzhz uâo} itduo} x bï}dehmomd} |ozo mczzdghz ao} ojdzzomhcid} mdataozd} x bcadmtaozd} qtd}tjxomdi o ao onhmmhýi)

Zd}tbdi#Da |zcmd}c nd onhmmhýi

DA MDZDJZC NDA NZCGONHM^C

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nhzhgd oa OÛ!ncind ezdio ao ah"jdzomhýi nd nc|o"bhio x omoaao da mhzmth~cnd zdmcb|di}o) Mcbcmci}dmtdimho! da onhm~cidmd}h~o bï} nzcgo|ozo }omhoz }toi}hdnon

DA T]C MZCIHMC nd }t}"~oimho} onhm~huo} oa~dzo daetimhciobhdi~c nd tio|oz~d mdi~zoa nda mhzmth~cmdzdjzoa nd zdmcb|di}o6 aouâo qtd }d dp~hdind nd}nd

ao} idtzcio} |zcntm~czo}nd nc|obhio nda ïzdo ~dg"bd~oa udi~zoa (OÛ ò}~oao} mèatao} }di}hjad} oao nc|obhio nda itmadt}ommtbjdi}) D}c} mob"jhc} (hintmhnc} di |oz~d|cz ao} ommhcid} bcad"mtaozd} zd|zd}di~ono}o ao ndzdmò x di da gzï"ehmc |zcbtdudi ao ~cad"zoimho! ao nd|dindimhox da }âinzcbd nd oj}~hidi"mho! qtd oahdi~oi da mci}t"bc mzýihmc x ao zdmoâno!himat}c |o}onc ti |dzâcnc|zcacigonc nd}nd }tojoincic) Ao} eadmò}nd mcacz nda nhjtfc ndamdzdjzc }dÿoaoi oagtio}nd ao} uâo} qtd tidi daitmadt} ommtbjdi} x daOÛ mci c~zo} zdghcid}qtd |zcbtdudi ao }di}h"jhahnon nda onhm~c oi~dzdmtdznc} |aomdi~dzc}! ac~czioi utaidzojad o zdmoâ"no} di bcbdi~c} nd ~di"}hýi x ad himo|omh~oi |ozomci~zcaoz ao oi}hdnon mcb"|ta}huo nd nzcgo)

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ao} zdghcid} ezci~oad} nd ao mcz~dvomdzdjzoa mccznhioi x |zcmd}oi ~cnod}~o hieczbomhýi x nd~dzbhioi damcb|cz~obhdi~c ta~dzhcz nda hinhuh"ntc) Ao uâo OÛ"ommtbjdi}! bhdi"~zo} ~oi~c! ‑hinhmo‒ o ac} c~zc} mdi"~zc} nda mdzdjzc mtïi }o~h}eom~czhod} tio om~huhnon) Mtoi~c bï} ic}}o~h}eogo! ~oi~c bï} |zcjojad d}qtd da czgoih}bc ao zdmtdznd d hi"

~di~d zd|d~hzao)Otiqtd jtdio |oz~d nd itd}~zc

mcicmhbhdi~c }cjzd da }h}~dbo md"zdjzoa nd zdmcb|di}o ac `dbc} on"qthzhnc o ~zouè} nd bcndac} oih"boad}! ao hiud}~hgomhýi aaduono omojc di da öa~hbc ndmdihc bdnhoi~d~èmihmo} nd eczbomhýi nd hbïgd"id} ò mczzcjczonc di da `cbjzdao dph}~dimho nd uâo} dqthuoadi~d}zdao~huo} oa mci~zca nd ao zdmcb"|di}o io~tzoa x nd ao bdnhono |cznzcgo}) Da zdmtz}c o ao zd}cioimho

bogiè~hmo etimhcioa c ~cbcgzoeâond dbh}hýi nd |c}h~zcid} (~èmihmo}qtd bhndi mobjhc} nd eatfc }oi"gtâidc zdaomhcionc} mci ao om~huh"non idtzcioa ic} ò |dzbh~hnccj}dzuoz ao dpmh~omhýi nda itmadt}ommtbjdi} nd ti mcmohiýboicmtoinc }d ad cezdmd tio ‑zoxo‒) ]ho d}d bh}bc nzcgonhm~c }d ad btd}"~zo ti uândc di qtd o|ozdmd tio

|dz}cio mci}tbhdinc mcmoâio ctio ec~cgzoeâo nd zoxo} jaoimo} }c"jzd ti d}|dfc! }t itmadt} ommtb"jdi} zd}|cind nd eczbo }dbdfoi~d! fti~c mci ao obâgnoao x mhdz~o} ïzdo}nd ao mcz~dvo) Ao} bh}bo} zdghc"id} }d dpmh~oi di ac} atný|o~o}mtoinc mci~db|aoi hbïgdid} ndbïqthio} ~zogo|dzzo}! ac qtd }t"ghdzd qtd ao uâo OÛ"ommtbjdi}nd}db|dÿo ~objhèi ti |o|da mzâ"~hmc di onhmmhcid} ic zdaomhciono}mci ao} nzcgo})

Ao uâo nc|obâihmo

³O qtè }d ndjd qtd }t}~oimho} onhm"~huo} nd nh}~hi~o d}~ztm~tzo x nh}|ozdedm~c dfdzmhnc hi}~di tio} zd}|td}~o}}hbhaozd} di da mhzmth~c nd zdmcb"|di}o nda mdzdjzc3 ³Mýbc |tdndiao mcmoâio! ti d}~hbtaoi~d qtd omd"adzo da zh~bc moznâomc! x ao `dzcâio!ti }dnoi~d oioagè}hmc! }dz ~oi c|td}"

~o} di oagtic} o}|dm~c} x! }hi db"jozgc! ~oi |ozdmhno} di ao ommhýic|dzono }cjzd da }h}~dbo nd zdmcb"|di}o3 Ao zd}|td}~o ic d} c~zo qtdao }hgthdi~d6 ~cno} ao} nzcgo} ndojt}c! obèi nd mtoad}qthdzo c~zc}dedm~c}! |zcucmoi qtd da itmadt}ommtbjdi} zdmhjo tio ojtinoi~dmoi~hnon nd nc|obhio c nd c~zo}}dÿoad} qtâbhmo} qtd zdbdnoi oaidtzc~zoi}bh}cz)

Mtoinc tio idtzcio nda OÛ }ddpmh~o! ~zoi}bh~d ti bdi}ofd daèm"

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nd nhiczehio x om~huogdid} d}|dmâehmc} (nh}~hi~c}nd ac} om~huonc} |cz MZDJ

=Ac} gdid} om~huonc}mcnhehmoi |zc~dâio}

hb|ahmono} di ao} zd}"|td}~o} nd }di}hjhahvo"mhýi o nzcgo} x o zdmtdz"nc} nd }t mci}tbc dida |o}onc

>Ao |zc~dâio MNK4! |cz dfdb"|ac! |tdnd |zcbcudz mobjhc}

d}~ztm~tzoad} qtd }di}hjhahvozâoi!nd eczbo |dz}h}~di~d! ao} idtzc"io} nda itmadt} ommtbjdi}) Ao}nzcgo}! o}â mcbc mtoaqthdz zded"zdimho o ao} bh}bo}! |zcucmozâoiao om~huomhýi nd nhmò} mèatao}

Ao} eo}d} nd ~cadzoimho x }di}h"jhahnon nd|dindi! di |oz~d! ndao om~huhnon nd MZDJ x ∅Ec}Jdi ao} mèatao} nda itmadt} om"mtbjdi}) Da ncbhihc hihmhoa ndMZDJ mciaaduo ~cadzoimho) Aooj}~hidimho |zcucmo ti boad}~ozqtd }ýac ao nzcgo |tdnd bh~hgoz)\dzc ~zo} uozhc} nâo} }hi zdmhjhzihigtio nc}h}! ndmod ao om~huh"non nd MZDJ) Di mci~zo|c}h"mhýi! ao} mcimdi~zomhcid} nd∅Ec}J |dzboidmdi daduono}!|o}ono} uozho} }dboio} }himci}tbc) O bdnhno qtd uo nd"moxdinc ao om~huhnon nd ao |zc"

~dâio MZDJ! db|hdvoi o ncbh"ioz ac} dedm~c} }di}hjhahvonczd}o aozgc |aovc nd ∅Ec}J)

Ao }dÿoahvomhýi nd nc"|obhio mcintmd o tibdi~c nd ao} mcimdi~zo"id} nd OB\ mâmahmc

B\m x hcid} moamhco:+

~zhmc o ac aozgc nd }t opýi! dfd qtd}d dp~hdind ò}~o da itmadt} om"mtbjdi}) Ao }dÿoa di mtd}~hýi nd"~dzbhio qtd }d ahjdzd nc|obhio ndadp~zdbc opýihmc! `ho~c qtd }d|ozoo è}~d nda itmadt} ommtbjdi}) Daidtzc~zoi}bh}cz }d omc|ao di~cimd}!hi}~oaonc di ao }t|dzehmhd nd ao idt"zcio nda ommtbjdi}! x ~zoi}bh~d }t}dÿoa o ao mèatao) \ozo o|ogoz bï}~oznd ao }dÿoa! ao idtzcio nda OÛnd~zod ao nc|obhio nd ao `dinhntzo}hiï|~hmo x ao zddb|oqtd~o |ozot}ozao di c~zo cmo}hýi qtd mciudigo)

Ao mcmoâio x c~zc} d}~hbtaoi~d}nd}ozboi ~db|czoabdi~d ao |zc~dâio~zoi}|cz~onczo qtd }d dimozgo ndnducaudz da idtzc~zoi}bh}cz o ao}~dzbhioad} nd ao idtzcio OÛ; }d|c}hjhah~o nd d}d bcnc qtd da it"madt} ommtbjdi} zdmhjo ti dpmd}cnd nc|obhio) Ao `dzcâio x c~zc}c|hïmdc}! |cz }t |oz~d! }d tidi oao} idtzcio} nda OÛ qtd! di mci"nhmhcid} iczboad}! }hadimhoi ao} idt"

zcio} OÛ |zcntm~czo} nd nc|o"bhio) Oa nd}jacqtdoz d}~d ezdicmdataoz! }d }dgzdgo di ndbo}âo nc"|obhio di da itmadt} ommtbjdi})Ac} c|hïmdc} |tdndi dbh~hz ~objhèiti |cndzc}c bdi}ofd nd zdmcb|di}ooa om~toz }hi hi~dzbdnhozhc} }cjzdda itmadt} ommtbjdi})

Ondbï} nd |zc|czmhcioz d}o hi"xdmmhýi dp~zo nd nc|obhio! hintm"~czo nd dteczho x bdnhonczo nd aozdmcb|di}o hihmhoa x nda zdetdzvcnd ao bh}bo! ao} nzcgo} cmo}hcioi

c~zo} oa~dzomhcid}) Mci da ~hdb|c!da mhzmth~c nd zdmcb|di}o }d ono|~ooa mci}tbc zd|d~hnc6 da mdzdjzc }d~czio onhm~c)

^cadzoimho x nd|dindimhoAo} d~o|o} hihmhoad} nd ao onhmmhýi}d mozom~dzhvoi |cz ao ~cadzoimho xao nd|dindimho) ^zo} mhdz~c }ojczdcnd ao nzcgo! da onhm~c mcbhdivo oidmd}h~ozao di boxcz mtoi~âo |ozooamoivoz ac} bh}bc} dedm~c} }cjzdda ~oaoi~d! ao mcimdi~zomhýi! d~mè"~dzo) D}~o ~cadzoimho |zcucmo ti |zc"gzd}c gdcbè~zhmc nda mci}tbc! qtdojcmo di ao nd|dindimho) Da nzcgo"nhm~c }hdi~d tio hi~di}o oi}hdnonmcb|ta}huo! ti }tezhbhdi~c dbc"mhcioa qtd }d mciuhdz~d di eâ}hmc }h}d ad hb|hnd da ommd}c o ao nzcgo)^cadzoimho x nd|dindimho }d ndjdio ao oitaomhýi nd mhdz~o} |oz~d} ndamhzmth~c nd zdmcb|di}o! ac qtd icndfo nd zd}ta~oz |ozonýfhmc)

Di da mczovýi nd d}~o mztda }t"

|zd}hýi }d dimtdi~zo ao |zc~dâioMZDJ (nd ‑mOB\ zd}|ci}d dadbdi~"jhinhig |zc~dhi‒) ]d ~zo~o nd ti eom"~cz nd ~zoi}mzh|mhýi! tio bcaèmtaoqtd zdgtao ao dp|zd}hýi! c om~huhnon!nd gdid} x! |cz ac ~oi~c! nd~dzbhioda mcb|cz~obhdi~c nd ao idtzcio)Mtoinc }d mci}tbdi nzcgo}! otbdi"~o ao mcimdi~zomhýi nd nc|obhio dida itmadt} ommtbjdi}; daac |zcucmoqtd ao} mèatao} }di}hjad} o ao nc"|obhio himzdbdi~di ao |zcntmmhýind OB\ mâmahmc (OB\m! tio |dqtd"

ÿo bcaèmtao nd }dÿoahvomhýi qtd! o}t udv! om~huo MZDJ) Di~cimd}! d}~o|zc~dâio }d tid o ti gzt|c d}|dmâ"ehmc nd gdid} x nh}|ozo ao }âi~d}h}nd ao} |zc~dâio} nd~dzbhiono} |cznhm`c} gdid})

Da t}c mzýihmc nd tio nzcgo hi"ntmd ao om~huomhýi |dz}h}~di~d nd ao|zc~dâio MZDJ! qtd |c~dimho ao dp"|zd}hýi nd }t} gdid} nhoio! oagtic}nd ac} mtoad} mcnhehmoi |zc~dâio}qtd omoaaoi da mhzmth~c nd zdmcb"|di}o) \cz dfdb|ac! MZDJ mci~zcaoao }âi~d}h} nd nhiczehio! tio bcaè"mtao io~tzoa mci |zc|hdnond} c|hï"mdo}) Ao nhiczehio }d }hi~d~hvo diti }tjgzt|c nd idtzcio} nda it"madt} ommtbjdi}) D}~o}! di ti bd"moih}bc zd~zcom~huc! jacqtdoi ao}idtzcio} nda OÛ) Ao ommhýi ndMZDJ! |cz ~oi~c! ~dzbhio |cz }h"adimhoz (bdnhoi~d ao |zcntmmhýi ndnhiczehio da mhzmth~c nd zdmcb|di}onda mdzdjzc; hintmd ~cadzoimho oa ~cz"ioz bdic} }o~h}eom~czho ao mtoi~âo

|zduho nd ao nc}h}) Da otbdi~c ndac} ihudad} nd nhiczehio ~objhèi mci"~zhjtxd o ao nd|dindimho! |td} ao hi"`hjhmhýi nd ao uâo nd zdmcb|di}ondfo oa hinhuhntc! |zhuonc nda d}~t"|deomhdi~d! nd|zhbhnc d himo|ov ndnh}ezt~oz nd dp|dzhdimho} qtd oi~d}ad zd}ta~ojoi |aomdi~dzo})

\dzc MZDJ mci}~h~txd }ýac tio|hdvo bï} nda digzoiofd) D}~d eom"~cz nd ~zoi}mzh|mhýi }d o|ogo o ac}|cmc} nâo} nd ojoincioz ao nzcgo)Ic mojd! |td}! o~zhjthz o nhmò |zc"

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o|ogobhdi~c nd ao dteczho (gzïehmc )



~dâio ac} ~zo}~czic} |dzntzojad}! ao}oa~dzomhcid} mdzdjzoad} qtd òmdiqtd da onhm~c utdauo o ao nzcgo! |o"}onc} himat}c oÿc} c ndmdihc} ndoj}~hidimho) D}~o zdmoâno }d ndjd!di gzoi bdnhno! oa ediýbdic nd ao}di}hjhahvomhýi! qtd |c~dimho ac}dedm~c} mot}onc} |cz ao nzcgo)

Ao ommhýi nd nda~o Ec}J6}di}hjhahvomhýi\cz mci~zonhm~czhc qtd |ozdvmo! tiobh}bo }t}~oimho |tdnd ducmoz ~c"adzoimho x }di}hjhahvomhýi) ^zo} aoonbhih}~zomhýi nd tio nc}h}! }d hi"~di}hehmo ao om~huhnon nda eom~cz nd~zoi}mzh|mhýi MZDJ x }d hb|cidao ~cadzoimho6 ntzoi~d uozhc} nâo}!}hdi~d ao idmd}hnon nd otbdi~oz aonc}h} |ozo zdoahbdi~oz da mhzmth~cnd zdmcb|di}o) \dzc }h acgzo oj}"~didz}d! ndmod ao om~huhnon nd d}o|zc~dâio! di mtxc bcbdi~c ao ~c"adzoimho ndfo da boinc o ao }di}h"jhahvomhýi! qtd o|omhgto da nd}dc

oi}hc}c }tjxomdi~d o ao jö}qtdnomcb|ta}huo nd nzcgo) Di d}d d}~o"nhc! qtd |dz}h}~d himat}c ntzoi~daozgc} |dzâcnc} nd oj}~dimhýi! ti}hb|ad zdmtdznc c ao onbhih}~zo"mhýi nd tio |dqtdÿo nc}h} |tdndi|zcucmoz ao zdmoâno) \ozo di~dindzao} zoâmd} nd ao }di}hjhahvomhýi nd"jdbc} ojcznoz ac} mobjhc} bcad"mtaozd} qtd |dz}h}~di bï} oaaï ndtic} nâo}) \ozo daac mci~obc} mciti moinhno~c ehzbd! da eom~cz nd~zoi}mzh|mhýi nda~o Ec}J)

Di da |zcmd}c nd ao onhmmhýi! da|o|da nd ao |zc~dâio nda~o Ec}J nh"ehdzd nda nd}ozzcaaonc |cz da eom~czMZDJ) Nd ao} hiud}~hgomhcid} zdo"ahvono} mci zo~cid} x zo~o} }d nd}"|zdind qtd! oi~d ti ojt}c mzýihmcnd d}~t|deomhdi~d}! otbdi~oi nd bo"idzo gzontoa x |zcgzd}huo ao} mci"mdi~zomhcid} nd nda~o Ec}J di da it"madt} ommtbjdi} x c~zo} zdghcid}nda mdzdjzc) \cz ~zo~oz}d! ondbï}! ndtio |zc~dâio dp~zocznhiozhobdi~dd}~ojad! |dzboidmd om~huo di d}~o}mèatao} idzuhc}o} ntzoi~d }dboio}c himat}c bd}d} nd}|tè} nd ao öa"~hbo nc}h}) ôi aozgo |dz}h}~dimhoad |dzbh~d boi~didz ac} mobjhc}di ao dp|zd}hýi nd gdid} ~zoi}mtzzh"nc btm`c ~hdb|c nd}nd ao hi~dzzt|"mhýi nda mci}tbc nd nzcgo)

Ao hiud}~hgomhýi mci zo~cid} bt"~oi~d} qtd }hi~d~hvoi moi~hnond} dp"md}huo} nd nda~o Ec}J di da itmadt}ommtbjdi} ndbtd}~zo qtd ao om~h"uhnon |zcacigono nd d}~o bcaèmtao

hintmd di daac} `h|dz}di}hjhahnon oao} nzcgo}) ^zo} hi~dzztb|hz ao on"bhih}~zomhýi nd nzcgo x }t |c}~d"zhcz nh}|cihjhahnon! ac} oihboad} }dbc}~zojoi btx |zc|di}c} o ao zd"moâno) Nd omtdznc mci d}~d òaaovgc!ao} mcimdi~zomhcid} nd nda~o Ec}J|cnzâoi mci~zhjthz oa himzdbdi~c |dz"ntzojad nd ao }di}hjhahnon nd ao} uâo}nd zdmcb|di}o di da `cbjzd) Hb|cz~o}dÿoaoz qtd ao |zc~dâio nda~o Ec}J}d }hi~d~hvo di da itmadt} ommtb"jdi} nd ac} zo~cid} ~objhèi di zd}"

|td}~o o zdmcb|di}o} zd|d~h~huo} }hiuhimtaomhýi mci ao nzcgo; |cz dfdb"|ac! ti ~dzzýi nd ovömoz ~zo} ti dfdz"mhmhc hi~di}c di ao iczho) \cz mci"}hgthdi~d! da eom~cz nd ~zoi}mzh|mhýi|cnzâo ~didz tio bh}hýi bï} gdid"zoa di da nd}ozzcaac nd mcb|cz~o"bhdi~c} mcb|ta}huc} o}cmhonc} o tiojoihmc ob|ahc nd d}~âbtac} mci zd"mcb|di}o)

Mhdz~c} zd}ta~onc} zdmhdi~d} o|ti"~oi òmho nd~dzbhionc bdmoih}bcqtd dp|ahmozâo ao |dz}h}~dimho nd ao}di}hjhahnon nd}|tè} himat}c nd qtdac} ihudad} nd ao |zc~dâio nda~o Ec}Jzd~czio}di o }t iczboahnon) Ao dp"|c}hmhýi mzýihmo o ao mcmoâio x c~zc}d}~t|deomhdi~d} |zcbtdud ao o|ozh"mhýi nd itduo} d}|hio} ndinzâ~hmo}di ao} idtzcio} nda itmadt} ommtb"jdi}; d}c} jc~cid} ~dzbhioad} |c}h"jhah~oi da d}~ojadmhbhdi~c nd itd"

uo} mcidphcid} di~zd idtzcio}) Diac} zcdnczd}! d}o |zcntmmhýi nd jc"~cid} mci~hiöo di ac} bd}d} }tj}h"gthdi~d} oa ojoincic nda mci}tbc)³_tè ic} di}dÿo d}o cj}dzuomhýi3]tghdzd! mtoinc bdic}! qtd da eom"~cz nda~o Ec}J |cnzâo }dz zd}|ci}o"jad nd ao eczbomhýi nd ao} d}|hio}onhmhcioad}) X }h ic} ndfobc} aad"uoz |cz ao d}|dmtaomhýi! |cnzâobc}|di}oz! jo}onc} di ~oad} zd}ta~onc}!qtd ao} mcidphcid} ~zdivono} bdz"mdn o ao om~huhnon nd ao |zc~dâioEc}J bta~h|ahmoi ao o}cmhomhýi }d"bhý~hmo! ntzoi~d oÿc}! di~zd ao} mè"atao} mcidm~ono}) ôboÿc zdetdzvc}dÿoahvoncz |cnzâo dp|ahmoz! ~oa udv!ao zdommhýi nd}|zc|czmhciono ndamdzdjzc oi~d mtoaqthdz zdedzdimho oao nzcgo) O ao |c}~zd! ac} mobjhc}c|dzonc} di ao mciehgtzomhýi nd ao}ndinzh~o} mci}~h~thzâoi ao ono|~omhýindmh}huo o ao hi~zoi}hgdimho nd aoonhmmhýi)

Ao }dÿoahvomhýi nda gat~obo~c@o}~o o`czo `dbc} mdi~zonc itd}"

~zo o~dimhýi di ac} mobjhc} hintmh"nc} |cz da ojt}c nd nzcgo} qtd }dzdaomhcioi mci ao nc|obhio nda }h}"~dbo nd zdmcb|di}o nda mdzdjzc) Zd"mtèznd}d! ondbï}! qtd ao obâgnoao!da `h|cmob|c x ao mcz~dvo ezci~oahi~dzuhdidi ~objhèi di da |zcmd}cnd onhmmhýi! eczboinc tio }tdz~d ndjtmad mci da ïzdo ~dgbdi~oa udi~zoax da itmadt} ommtbjdi}) ^cno} d}o}zdghcid} }d mcbtihmoi mci da }h}"~dbo nd zdmcb|di}o bdnhoi~d ao ah"jdzomhýi nd gat~obo~c! ti idtzc"


AO] BHMZCGZOEHO] nd ao} idtzcio} nda itmadt} ommtbjdi} nd oihboad}

dp|td}~c} o nzcgo} ic onhm~huo} |zd}di~oi ao} zobhehmomhcid} ndinzâ~hmo} mci

ti iöbdzc iczboa nd d}|hio} zdmd|~czo} nd }dÿoad} ( hvqthdzno x mdi~zc )

Di ac} oihboad} mcmohiýboic}! jzc~oi d}|hio} onhmhcioad}! qtd mciehdzdi

ti o}|dm~c nd vozvo o ao} zobhehmomhcid} (ndzdmò ) \c}hjadbdi~d! d}o

zdbcndaomhýi otbdi~o ao }di}hjhahnon nd ao} idtzcio} oi~d ao} }dÿoad} nda

OÛ x nd c~zo} |zcmdndimho}) Daac mci~zhjtxd o ao }di}hjhahnon o ao nzcgo)

@oaaovgc} zdmhdi~d} }tghdzdi qtd da eom~cz nda~o Ec}J hi~dzuhdid di ao |zcahed"

zomhýi nd d}|hio})

~zoi}bh}cz) Oa |zcbcudz da eatfc ndnc|obhio nd}nd da itmadt} ommtb"jdi} x da OÛ! ao} nzcgo} oa~dzoi~objhèi! ntzoi~d nâo}! ao mo|omhnonnd zd}|td}~o nd d}o} nc} d}~ztm~t"zo} mdzdjzoad} oi~d ao mcimdi~zo"mhýi nd gat~obo~c) Ac} dp|dzhbdi"~c} zdoahvonc} mci oihboad} hinhmoiqtd ac} mobjhc} nd }di}hjhahnon oa

gat~obo~c di da }h}~dbo nd zdmcb"|di}o |c~dimhoi ao ahjdzomhýi ndnc|obhio di da OÛ! o}â mcbc aozd}|td}~o o ao nc|obhio di da it"madt} ommtbjdi}) \cz ~oi~c! |zc"btdudi ao om~huhnon nd MZDJ xnd nda~o Ec}J! mci ac} dedm~c} mci"}hgthdi~d} qtd dfdzmdi ~oad} bc"aèmtao}) Bï} oöi! |ozdmd qtd d}~ooa~dzomhýi nd ao }di}hjhahnon oa gat"~obo~c |c~dimho ao} uâo} idtzcioad}qtd uhimtaoi da zdmtdznc nda mci"}tbc nd nzcgo} mci ti hi~di}c |ao"

mdz! ac qtd oahbdi~o da nd}dc ndzd|d~hz ao dp|dzhdimho)

]d nd}mcicmd ~cnouâo da bdmo"ih}bc bdnhoi~d da mtoa ao} nzcgo}oa~dzoi ao }di}hjhahnon oa gat~obo~cdi ao uâo nd zdmcb|di}o) \tdnd! iccj}~oi~d! ouoivoz}d tio `h|ý~d}h} nd~zojofc qtd }d etino di ao zd|dzmt"}hýi nda gat~obo~c }cjzd ao} idt"

zcio} nda `h|cmob|c) Oaaâ! c|dzoimhdz~c} ~h|c} nd d}~âbtac} nd mcz~ontzomhýi qtd |c~dimhoi tio zd}|td}~omdataoz oa gat~obo~c ntzoi~d `czo})]d ~zo~o nd ao |c~dimhomhýi o aozgc|aovc! ti ediýbdic qtd oxtno o aoeczbomhýi nd zdmtdznc} x! |cz acqtd |ozdmd! uhdid bdnhonc |cz da~zo}aonc nd nd~dzbhiono} |zc~dâio}zdmd|~czo} nda gat~obo~c nd}nd nd"|ý}h~c} hi~zomdataozd}! ncind icdfdzmdi om~huhnon oagtio! ò}~o aobdbjzoio nd ao idtzcio! ncind

zdommhcioi oi~d da gat~obo~c ahjdzo"nc di tio }hio|}h}) Ao} nzcgo} hieat"xdi }cjzd da ~zoi}|cz~d nd d}~c} zd"md|~czd} nd gat~obo~c di ao uâo ndzdmcb|di}o) O ~dicz nd mhdz~o} cj"}dzuomhcid}! hi~dzudinzâoi ~objhèidi ao }âi~d}h} nd oagtic} zdmd|~czd}nda idtzc~zoi}bh}cz gat~obo~c)

Mci}hndzonc} di }t mcifti~c! ~c"

nc} ac} mobjhc} qtd ao} nzcgo} hi"ntmdi di da mhzmth~c nd zdmcb|di}ooqtâ ojcznonc} |zcbtdudi! di öa"~hbc ~èzbhic! ao ~cadzoimho! ao nd"|dindimho! ao oi}hdnon mcb|ta}h"uo! ao zdmoâno x da mcb|cz~obhdi~cmcb|adfc qtd mozom~dzhvo o ao onhm"mhýi) \d}d o ac} |ti~c} cj}mtzc} |c"ndbc} dbh~hz oagtio} oehzbomhcid}xo }dgtzo}) Ntzoi~d ti aozgc |dzâcncnd mci}tbc x |cmc nd}|tè} nd ojoi"ncioz ao nzcgo! |zdncbhioi ac} mob"jhc} zdgh}~zonc} di ao mcimdi~zomhýi

>0 HIUD]^HGOMHÝI X MHDIMHO! boxc! :<<>

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nda itmadt}ommtbjdi}

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Idtzcio nd OÛahjdzonczo

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Idtzciohi`hjhnczodi da OÛ

∅Ec}J Idtzc~zoi}bh}cz|ozdmhnc oa c|hc!}hi~d~hvonc |cz idtzcio}

AO] NZCGO] C\HOMDO]

hbh~oi mhdz~o} ommhcid}nd ao nc|obhio di ao} mèatao}nda itmadt} ommtbjdi}

DA OAMC@CAX AC] C\HOMDC](c|hc! dzcâio x }t}"~oimho} db|ozdi~o"no} |c~dimhoi aoahjdzomhýi nd nc|o"bhio oa }hadimhoz ao}idtzcio} qtd! }hi d}dcj}~ïmtac! hi`hjhzâoio ao} idtzcio} nc|o"bhièzghmo}

NZCGO] NH]^HIÔ]! DEDM^C] HNDI^HMC]OTI_TD AO] NZCGO] o~omoi nhudz}o} zdghcid} nda mdzdjzc!~cno} |c~dimhoi! nhzdm~o c hinhzdm~obdi~d! ao }dÿoahvomhýi ndnc|obhio di da itmadt} ommtbjdi}! mci ac qtd |zcbtdudiao onhmmhýi) Da mcicmhbhdi~c nd d}o} nhoio} cezdmd hndo} |ozo|c}hjad} ~zo~obhdi~c})

AO IHMC^HIO hintmd aoahjdzomhýi nd nc|obhio|cz ao} mèatao} nda OÛ!qtd ao nd|c}h~oi di daitmadt} ommtbjdi}

AO MCMOHIO X AC] D]^HBTAOI^D]

ZDAOMHCIONC] jacqtdoi ao oj}cz"mhýi nd nc|obhio c |zcbtdudiao ahjdzomhýi nda idtzc~zoi}bh}czdi ac} ~dzbhioad} nd ao} mèatao}nda OÛ! mci da himzdbdi~cmci}hgthdi~d nd }dÿoahvomhýind nc|obhio di da itmadt}ommtbjdi}

BTM@O] NZCGO]! himath"no} ao mcmoâio! ao} oied~o"bhio}! ao bczehio x da oamc"`ca! oa~dzoi ao} zd}|td}~o}nda itmadt} ommtbjdi} xnda OÛ oa gat~obo~c) D}c}mobjhc} ntzondzc} gdidzoiao oi}hdnon mcb|ta}huo ndnzcgo! |td} ecbdi~oi dazdmtdznc nd dp|dzhdimho}zdaomhciono} mci ao nzcgo!himat}c nd}|tè} nd ojoinc"ioz }t mci}tbc

nd OB\m x di ao om~huhnon nd MZDJdi ao} idtzcio} nd ao uâo nd zdmcb"|di}o) D}~o} oa~dzomhcid} |zcntmdi~cadzoimho x nd|dindimho! |td} zd"ntmdi ao }di}hjhahnon o ao nzcgo xndfoi nd|zhbhno x }hi bc~huomhýi oao uâm~hbo) ]h d}o oj}~hidimho }d |zc"acigo! |zdncbhioi ac} mobjhc} diao om~huhnon nd nda~o Ec}J x di ao

etimhýi }dbhý~hmo nda gat~obo~c)ôad} ommhcid} |ozdmdi }dz ao} qtdhb|ta}oi oa onhm~c o hz |cz c~zo nc"}h}6 |cz ti aonc! di mo}c nd zdmoânootbdi~oi ao }di}hjhahnon o ac} dedm"~c} nd ao nzcgo; |cz c~zc! ~zontmdidi hi~di}o} zd}|td}~o} da zdmtdzncnd ac} bcbdi~c} nd dteczho c mtoa"qthdz zdedzdimho qtd ac} ducqtd)

Ao} hiud}~hgomhcid} nd ao} eti"mhcid} }dÿoahvonczo} nd MZDJ! nda~oEc}J x gat~obo~c ojcznoi ao} mtd}"~hcid} mdi~zoad} nd ao onhmmhýi! |dzc

da |zcmd}c ic omojo o`â) O bdnhnoqtd }d uoxo o`cinoinc di da ~dbo!hzïi o|ozdmhdinc c~zo} ono|~omhc"id} bcadmtaozd} x mdataozd} nda mhz"mth~c nd zdmcb|di}o x nd ao} ïzdo}nda mdzdjzc o}cmhono} qtd òjzï ndozzcfoz atv }cjzd ao udznondzo io"~tzoadvo nd ao onhmmhýi)

^dzo|hoOndbï} nd cezdmdz tio boxcz mcb"|zdi}hýi nd ao} jo}d} jhcaýghmo} ndao nzcgonhmmhýi! da nd}mtjzhbhdi~cnd d}~o} oa~dzomhcid} bcadmtaozd}|zc|czmhcio itduo} czhdi~omhcid}|ozo da ~zo~obhdi~c jhcqtâbhmc ndao |o~cacgâo) O|zdbho noz mci itd"uo} ~dzo|ho}) Fti~c oa duhndi~d nd"~dzhczc eâ}hmc x |}hmcaýghmc! ao onhm"mhýi |zcntmd diedzbdnond}6 ac}oamc`ýahmc} d}~ïi dp|td}~c} o mhzzc"}h} `d|ï~hmo}! ac} etbonczd} o mïi"

mdz nd |tabýi x ac} nzcgonhm~c} qtdmcb|oz~di fdzhigthaao} oa mci~oghcnda }hno) Di ~èzbhic} }oih~ozhc} xnd |zcntm~huhnon! ao onhmmhýi }t|cidtio }oigzâo |ozo ~cnc} ac} |oâ}d})Mci}~h~txd ti gzoud |zcjadbo }c"mhoa) ]h dp~dindbc} ao ndehihmhýind onhmmhýi o c~zo} eczbo} nd mcb"|cz~obhdi~c |o~caýghmc mcb|ta}huc!o}â ao jtahbho x ao atnc|o~âo! da mc}~dotbdi~o) Ao} ~dzo|ho} qtd |tnhdzoimczzdghz ao} zdommhcid} onhm~huo} oi~dd}~âbtac} nd zdmcb|di}o |zc|cz"mhciozâoi ti diczbd jdidehmhc o ao}cmhdnon)

Ac} ~zo~obhdi~c} nh}|cihjad} ezo"mo}oi di ao boxczâo nd ac} mo}c})Mhdz~c} eïzbomc} duh~oi qtd ao nzcgoaadgtd o }t cjfd~huc! |dzc ic ahjd"zoi oa diedzbc nd }t onhmmhýi! qtd}hgtd |zd}c nd }t }âinzcbd nd oj}"~hidimho) C~zc} zdbdnoi ac} dedm"~c} nd ao nzcgo; }ci ac} qtd moa"boi ao oi}hdnon nda onhm~c da ~hdb|c}tehmhdi~d |ozo qtd è}~d }d nd}hi"~cphqtd) ]d mczzd da zhd}gc! }hi db"jozgc! nd qtd mci ~oad} }t}~h~t~c}

qtâbhmc} }d zddb|aomd ti `ïjh~c|cz c~zc) \cz öa~hbc! dph}~di ~zo~o"bhdi~c} |}hmcaýghmc} nd zdòjhah"~omhýi qtd oxtnoi oa diedzbc omci~zcaoz }t} onhmmhcid} (|cz dfdb"|ac! ac} |c|taozd} |zcgzobo} nd ?:|o}c} nd}ozzcaaonc} |cz ao} o}cmho"mhcid} nd oamc`ýahmc} oiýihbc}!}h jhdi tio jtdio |zc|czmhýi nd |o"mhdi~d} zdhimhnd)

Mci ti mcicmhbhdi~c bï} |zc"etinc nd ao jhcacgâo nd ao onhmmhýi!ac} hiud}~hgonczd} òjzïi nd |cndz

|dzgdÿoz eïzbomc} qtd mci~zozzd}"~di c mcb|di}di ac} dedm~c} o aozgc|aovc dfdzmhnc} |cz ao} nzcgo} }c"jzd ao} zdghcid} nd zdmcb|di}o ndamdzdjzc) Mcb|td}~c} qtd hi~dzom"mhcidi d}|dmâehmobdi~d mci ac} zd"md|~czd} nd ao nc|obhio c nda gat"~obo~c di da itmadt} ommtbjdi}! c}t}~oimho} qtd duh~di qtd ac} eom"~czd} nd ~zoi}mzh|mhýi MZDJ c nda~oEc}J om~ödi }cjzd }t} gdid} nhoio!|cnzâoi o jtdi }dgtzc ahjdzoz oadiedzbc nd }t onhmmhýi)

]dzâo btx mciudihdi~d }ojdz hndi"~hehmoz o ao} |dz}cio} bï} |zcmahud}o ao onhmmhýi) ]hi zd}~oz hb|cz~oimhoo ac} eom~czd} |}hmcaýghmc}! }cmho"ad} x objhdi~oad}! ao hiud}~hgomhýiomcbd~hno di~zd eobhaho} dp|td}~o}ic} zdudao qtd! di da `cbjzd! |cnzâoòjdz ò}~o ti 4< |cz mhdi~c nd mcb"|cidi~d gdiè~hmc di da zhd}gc mci"

udz~hz}d di ti onhm~c) Otiqtd ic }dò acgzonc hndi~hehmoz ~cnouâo ac}gdid} hiucatmzonc}! }h |tnhèzobc}zdmcicmdz ao |zc|di}hýi di tio eo}d|zdmcv! |cnzâobc} nhzhghz ao hi~dz"udimhýi òmho d}o |cjaomhýi bï}utaidzojad)


Dzhm F) Id}~adz x Zcjdz~ M) Boadiko

d}~tnhoi ao} jo}d} bcadmtaozd} nd aonzcgonhmmhýi) \zced}cz x nhzdm~cz ndand|oz~obdi~c nd |}hqtho~zâo nd ao eo"mta~on nd bdnhmhio nd ao Tihudz}hnonnd ^dpo} di Noaao}! Id}~adz higzd}ý dida Hi}~h~t~c nd Bdnhmhio di ?880) Bo"adiko di}dÿo |}hqtho~zâo di ao Tihudz"}hnon nd ]~oieczn) Oi~dzhczbdi~d òjâonhzhghnc da mdi~zc nd idtzcjhcacgâo ndao nzcgonhmmhýi on}mzh~c o ao Tihudz}h"non nd Moahecziho di ]oi Ezoimh}mc)

HIMDI^HUD"]DI] H HVO^HCI OIN ONNHM^HCI)^dzzx D) Zcjhi}ci x Kdi~ M) Jdzzhngddi Onnhm~hci ! uca) 85! i)c ?! |ïg}) ?<="??>; didzc nd :<<?)

BCADMTAOZ JO]H] CE ACIG"^DZB \AO]^H"MH^X TINDZAXHIG ONNHM^HCI) Dzhm F) Id}~"adz di Io~tzd Zduhdw} Idtzc}mhdimd!uca :! i)c :! |ïg}) ??8"?:0; edjzdzcnd :<<?)

ONNHM^HCI6 EZCB JH CA CGX ^C NZTG \C"AHMX) ]dgtino dnhmhýi) O) Gcan}~dhi) Cp"eczn Tihudz}h~x \zd}}! :<<?)

Ac} ot~czd}


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^ZOÔBHDI^C]Ti `h|c~è~hmc ogdi~d oi~hmcmoâihmc|cnzâo zdntmhz ao }dÿoahvomhýi ndnc|obhio di da itmadt} ommtb"jdi}) Hi~dzedzhzâo di ao mo|omhnonnd ao mcmoâio |ozo jacqtdoz ao oj"}czmhýi nd nc|obhio di ao} ~dzbh"iomhcid} idtzcioad})

Ti `h|c~è~hmc ogdi~d nd ob|ahcd}|dm~zc oitaozâo ac} dedm~c} nd aonc|obhio oa |zdudihz qtd }d omt"btaozoi ao} |zc~dâio} MZDJ c∅Ec}J c }d om~huozoi }t} gdid}nhoio)

Ti `h|c~è~hmc ogdi~d nd ob|ahcd}|dm~zc |cnzâo hb|dnhz ac} mob"jhc} qtd da t}c mzýihmc nd nzcgo}|zcucmo di ao }dÿoahvomhýi nda gat"~obo~c nda itmadt} ommtbjdi})

Ac} oi~ogcih}~o} nd ac} c|hïmdc}(mcbc ao ioa~zdpcio! nh}|cihjad}xo di da bdzmonc! jacqtdoi ac}zdmd|~czd} nd c|hïmdc}) ]d t}oimci~zo da oamc`cah}bc x da ~ojoqth}"bc |czqtd da oamc`ca x ao ihmc~hionh}|ozoi! di da |zc|hc mdzdjzc! aoahjdzomhýi nd bcaèmtao} |ozdmhno}o ac} c|hïmdc})

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c} }ci jï}hmobdi~d ac} gzt|c} nd |aoid~o}qtd dph}~di di da }h}~dbo }caoz) Mdzmo nda]ca! }d dimtdi~zoi ac} ~dzzd}~zd}6 Bdzmtzhc!Udit}! ao ^hdzzo x Boz~d) ]t zonhc ojozmond}nd ac} :><< khaýbd~zc} nd Boz~d ò}~oac} 5><< khaýbd~zc} nd Udit}) ]d mcb|c"

idi! }cjzd ~cnc! nd zcmo} x bhidzoad}) \zd}di~oi tiondi}hnon bdnho di ~czic o ac} 4 gzobc} |cz mdi~âbd"~zc möjhmc) ]oauc ao ^hdzzo! mci }t} cmèoic}! d}~ïi nc"~onc} nd tio mcz~dvo }ýahno)

Zcndoinc ao }t|dzehmhd nd ac} |aoid~o} ~dzzd}~zd} }ddimtdi~zo ao o~bý}edzo! tio diuca~tzo nd go}d} x |oz~â"mtao} di }t}|di}hýi (odzc}cad} x itjd}! nd mcb|c}h"mhýi qtâbhmo x mozom~dzâ}~hmo} eâ}hmo} nh}~hi~huo}) ]dndjd ~oa |dmtahozhnon o qtd ao} o~bý}edzo} nd ac} |ao"id~o} ~dzzd}~zd} òi }tezhnc hb|cz~oi~d} mobjhc} di damtz}c nd }t `h}~czho)

Di ao} |oz~d} dp~dzhczd} nda }h}~dbo }caoz! oaadindtio nh}~oimho nd 74< bhaacid} nd khaýbd~zc}! }d di"mtdi~zoi Fö|h~dz x ]o~tzic! |aoid~o} ghgoi~d} mci ti

zonhc nd 7<)<<< x 5<)<<< khaýbd~zc} zd}|dm~huobdi~d;bï} oaaï oöi! Tzoic x Id|~tic! ghgoi~d} ‑`daonc}‒mci ti zonhc nd tic} :4)<<< kb) Ac} mto~zc |zd}di"~oi tio ndi}hnon bdnho nda czndi nd ao nda ogto! d}ndmhz! nd ? gzobc |cz mdi~âbd~zc möjhmc) Mozdi~d} ndti }tdac zâghnc! mci}~h~txdi tio} hibdi}o} d}edzo}eathno}! di mtxo mcb|c}hmhýi |zdncbhio da `hnzýgdic(mdzmo nda 8<$; da zd}~c d} `dahc)

Ao} hbïgdid} nd ao} ioud} d}|omhoad} ic} btd}~zoind Fö|h~dz x ]o~tzic ao mhbo nd ao} mo|o} }t|dzhczd}nd itjd} x ihdjao}! eczbono} |cz |oz~âmtao} di }t}"|di}hýi (uèo}d ao ehgtzo ?) Nhmò} itjd} }d tjhmoidi ihudad} nd |zd}hýi nd di~zd <!4 x ?< jozd}) (]tdad

db|adoz}d ao |zd}hýi mcbc bogih~tn |ozo nd~dzbhiozao oa~tzo! oa mozdmdz d}~c} |aoid~o} nd }t|dzehmhd qtd}hzuo nd zdedzdimho mcbc |ti~c mdzc) O ao} ~db|dzo"~tzo} dph}~di~d} o d}o} |zd}hcid}! di~zd tic} ”?4< cMx < cM! x nono ao mcb|c}hmhýi qtâbhmo nd ac} nc} gh"goi~d}! ao} itjd} d}~ïi mci}~h~thno} |cz mzh}~oah~c} nd`hdac nd obciâomc (I@

=! `hnzc}taetzc nd obcihc

(I@>]@ x ogto) Di Tzoic x Id|~tic! mci ~db|dzo"~tzo} oöi bï} jofo}! nd tic} ”:?< cM! da bd~oic mci"ndi}o x eczbo ao} itjd} }t|dzhczd})

Didzgâo hi~dzioAc} |aoid~o} ghgoi~d} }d mozom~dzhvoi |cz |c}ddz tioetdi~d nd didzgâo hi~dzio qtd moahdi~o oa |aoid~o ‑nd}ndojofc‒ x! di |oz~hmtaoz! }t o~bý}edzo }t|dzhcz) ]oaucdi da mo}c nd Tzoic! mtxo etdi~d hi~dzio nd moacz d}btx nèjha! di da zd}~c nd ac} |aoid~o} d}~o etdi~d didzgè"~hmo d} nda czndi nd bogih~tn nd ao ndjhno o ao hzzo"nhomhýi }caoz oj}czjhno |cz ac} go}d} x ao} itjd}(uèo}d ao ehgtzo :) Nhmò etdi~d nd didzgâo ~hdid }t

czhgdi di da moacz gdidzonc ntzoi~d ao eo}d nd eczbo"mhýi x }tj}hgthdi~d mci~zommhýi |aoid~ozho)

Di da mo}c nd Fö|h~dz! ao dbh}hýi om~toa nd didzgâohi~dzio }d ndjd oa diezhobhdi~c nda |aoid~o o zovýi ndti gzonc |cz bhaaýi nd oÿc}! mci tio mci~zommhýi mci"}hgthdi~d nd tic} ~zd} mdi~âbd~zc} oa oÿc) Ic cj}~oi~d!ao didzgâo moaczâehmo nh}|cihjad oaaâ d} nd }ýac ti ~zhgè"}hbc nd ao didzgâo }caoz nh}|cihjad di ao o~bý}edzo ndao ^hdzzo! d} ndmhz! o|dio} tio ndmdio nd wo~~} |czbd~zc mtonzonc) \td}~c qtd da eatfc didzgè~hmc }caozndmzdmd mci da hiudz}c nda mtonzonc nd ao nh}~oimho! aohzzonhomhýi qtd aadgo o ac} |aoid~o} `daonc} d} btm`cbdicz) O Id|~tic! qtd nh}~o >4<< bhaacid} nd khaý"

Uhdi~c}

di ac} |aoid~o} ghgoi~d}O |d}oz nd ao |cmo didzgâo moaczâehmo nh}|cihjad!

ac} |aoid~o} ghgoi~d} nd}ozzcaaoi hi~di}c} uhdi~c}!

nd ò}~o ?0<< khaýbd~zc} |cz `czo di ]o~tzic)

]t czhgdi }hgtd }hdinc tic nd ac} boxczd} zd~c}

|ozo o}~zceâ}hmc} x bd~dczýacgc}

Ogt}~âi ]ïim`dv Aoudgo

4< HIUD]^HGOMHÝI X MHDIMHO! boxc! :<<>

bd~zc} nda ]ca! o|dio} ad aadgo ? wo~~|cz bd~zc mtonzonc)

Mci ~oi |cmo didzgâo nh}|cihjad!mojzâo di |zhimh|hc d}|dzoz qtd ac}bcuhbhdi~c} o~bc}eèzhmc} nd d}moaogacjoa! d} ndmhz! ao udacmhnon bd"nho nda uhdi~c x ac} ediýbdic} bd"~dczcaýghmc}! ic etdzoi btx hi~di"}c}) ]hi dbjozgc! ao} cj}dzuomhcid}|zdmh}o}! zdoahvono} di da mtz}c ndao} nc} öa~hbo} nèmono}! nd Fö|h~dzmci ao} ioud} Ucxogdz ? x :! Goahadcx Mo}}hih x nd ]o~tzic mci Mo}}hih!o}â mcbc da zo}~zdc aaduonc o mojc|cz da ^dad}mc|hc D}|omhoa @tjjad(@]^ x nhedzdi~d} ~dad}mc|hc} di~hdzzo! ndbtd}~zoi ac mci~zozhc)

Mhzmtaomhýi vcioa]hgthdinc da bcuhbhdi~c nd ao} |d"qtdÿo} eczbomhcid} itjc}o} di damtz}c nd tio} `czo}! }d cj}dzuo qtdac} uhdi~c} qtd ao} ozzo}~zoi }d nhzh"

gdi! di ac} |aoid~o} ghgoi~d}! o acaozgc nd ac} |ozoadac}! di tio mhz"mtaomhýi vcioa! }hi o|dio} bcuh"bhdi~c} di~zd dmtoncz x |cac}! bd"zhnhcioad}) Ondbï}! di Fö|h~dz x]o~tzic ac} uhdi~c} }d czgoihvoi ndeczbo nhedzdi~d qtd di Tzoic xId|~tic (uèo}d ao ehgtzo =) Di ac}nc} |zhbdzc}! ac} uhdi~c} oa~dzioi ò"mho da d}~d x da cd}~d mci ao ao~h~tn!mci tio} cm`c mczzhdi~d} di m`czzcvcioad} |cz `dbh}edzhc di Fö|h~dzx mto~zc di ]o~tzic) Di da dmtoncz

dph}~d ~objhèi tio oimò d hi~di}omczzhdi~d di m`czzc nd bï} nd ?<<bd~zc} |cz }dgtinc di Fö|h~dz x ndmdzmo nd 4<< b#} di ]o~tzic! ac qtddqthuoad di d}~d öa~hbc |aoid~o o tic}:#= nd ao udacmhnon nda }cihnc)

Tzoic x Id|~tic }ýac ~hdidi tiomczzhdi~d òmho da d}~d di mono `d"bh}edzhc! bhdi~zo} qtd di da dmto"ncz ao mczzhdi~d }d nhzhgd òmho dacd}~d! mci udacmhnond} bïphbo} nd?<< b#} di Tzoic x ><< b#} di Id|"~tic) \cz mozdmdz nd tio }t|dzehmhd}ýahno qtd }hzuo nd }h}~dbo nd zd"edzdimho! }d bhndi ac} uhdi~c} mcizd}|dm~c o ao udacmhnon oigtaoz ndzc~omhýi nda mob|c bogiè~hmc nda|aoid~o! qtd }d }t|cid ahgonc o }t

hi~dzhcz x zc~oinc mci èa)Ao oa~o udacmhnon x |dmtahoz cz"

goihvomhýi nd ao} mczzhdi~d} nd uhdi"~c} di ac} mto~zc |aoid~o} ghgoi~d}nd|dindi! |cz ti aonc! nd }t d}"~ztm~tzo! qtd nhehdzd nd ao |zc|ho ndac} ~dzzd}~zd}! x! |cz c~zc! nd }t oa~oudacmhnon oigtaoz nd zc~omhýi! mci|dzâcnc} nd tio} ?< `czo} |ozoFö|h~dz x ]o~tzic x ?5"?7 `czo} |ozoTzoic x Id|~tic)

]hdinc ao mhzmtaomhýi nd ac} |ao"id~o} go}dc}c} ti o}|dm~c mdi~zoa nd

ao gdceâ}hmo nd eathnc}! `dbc} ndmcied}oz itd}~zo himo|omhnon |ozodp|ahmoz mýbc }d czhghioi ac} uhdi"~c}; nd}mcicmdbc} ò}~o qtè |zc"etinhnon }d dp~hdindi! mýbc }d gd"idzo da hi~di}c m`czzc dmto~czhoaòmho da d}~d di Fö|h~dz x ]o~tzicx qtè etimhýi nd}db|dÿoi ao} nh"edzdi~d} etdi~d} nd didzgâo) Di nd"ehih~huo! hgiczobc} mýbc c|dzo tiobïqthio ~èzbhmo qtd! mci ~oi jofodidzgâo moaczâehmo nh}|cihjad! gdidzo!}hi dbjozgc! bcuhbhdi~c} nd ~oa hi"~di}hnon)

Mhzmtaomhýi gdidzoand ac} |aoid~o} ghgoi~d}Ic} mdÿhzdbc} oa mo}c nd Fö|h~dz x

]o~tzic) O nc} gzt|c} |zhimh|oad}}d zdntmdi ac} bcndac} |zc|td}~c}|ozo zd|zcntmhz da }h}~dbo nd uhdi"~c} oa~dzioi~d} mci ao ao~h~tn) Objc}|oz~di nd |ozïbd~zc} mcicmhnc}6 tiogdcbd~zâo d}eèzhmo! mci ti zonhc qtdndmt|ahmo da ~dzzd}~zd; tio zï|hno zc"~omhýi mci ti |dzâcnc ?< `czo}! acqtd |zd}t|cid hi~di}o} etdzvo} ndMczhcah}; x tio ezhmmhýi d}mo}o! }hio|dio} nh}h|omhýi nd didzgâo! oa icdph}~hz tio }t|dzehmhd c ‑}tdac‒ mcida qtd ao o~bý}edzo hi~dzommhcid)

HIUD]^HGOMHÝI X MHDIMHO! boxc! :<<> 4?

?) O]H O\OZDMDI Fö|h~dz! ]o~tzic! Tzoic x Id|~tic (nd hvqthdzno o ndzdmò di ao}hbïgdid} nda ^dad}mc|hc D}|omhoa @tjjad (Fö|h~dz x nd ao} ioud} Ucxogdz (]o~tzic!Tzoic x Id|~tic) Ac} mcaczd} nd ao} itjd} òi }hnc hi~di}hehmonc})

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4: HIUD]^HGOMHÝI X MHDIMHO! boxc! :<<>

\dzc ac} bcndac} nhehdzdi di acmcimdzihdi~d o ao etdi~d nd didzgâomoaczâehmo qtd ncbhio da mci~zca ndac} bcuhbhdi~c}) Di ac} bcndac} nd~h|c ‑|zcetinc‒! da moacz hi~dzic gd"idzo ac} uhdi~c}; di ac} bcndac} nd~h|c ‑}t|dzehmhoa‒! ao hi}caomhýi hb"|ta}o ao} bo}o nd ohzd! ac bh}bcqtd di ac} |aoid~o} ~dzzd}~zd})

Bcndac} |zcetinc}\ozo di~dindz ao} ~dczâo} ogzt|ono}jofc d}d d|âgzoed! d} idmd}ozhc mc"icmdz |zhbdzc ao io~tzoadvo nda hi"~dzhcz nd itd}~zc} nc} |aoid~o} gh"

goi~d}) Da `hnzýgdic }d dimtdi~zodi ao |oz~d dp~dzhcz! di eczbo nd tigo} bcadmtaoz (@:) Da d}~onc nda`hnzýgdic bcadmtaoz oa ihuda nd ao}itjd} }t|dzhczd} nd obciâomc (mci|zd}hcid} di ~czic o ? joz d} da ndti go} ezâc mci nc} |c}hjad} d}~o"nc} mtïi~hmc}! }dgöi }do ao czhdi"~omhýi nd ac} d}|hid} nda |zc~ýi ndaiömadc6 d}|hid} |ozoadac} (`hnzýgdic‑cz~c‒ c d}|hid} oi~h|ozoadac} (d}"~onc ‑|ozo‒)

Objc} d}~onc} nda `hnzýgdic! oao} jofo} ~db|dzo~tzo} dp~dzhczd}nd Fö|h~dz x ]o~tzic! dp|ahmoi }t

mcb|cz~obhdi~c mtoa }h }d ~zo~ozo ndnc} go}d} nh}~hi~c}; ntzoi~d ao ~zoi}"eczbomhýi nd tic di c~zc! }d ahjdzomoacz ao~di~d) ]dzâo è}~o tio etdi~donhmhcioa nd didzgâo |ozo ac} bc"uhbhdi~c} qtd! di c|hihýi nd \d~dzGhdzo}`! nd ao Tihudz}hnon nd Mcz"idaa! x Jozidx Mcizo~`! nd ao IO]O!bdzdmd mci}hndzoz}d)

O bdnhno qtd |did~zobc} òmhoda hi~dzhcz |aoid~ozhc! ao} mo|o} }t"|dzhczd} ‑o|ao}~oi‒ mci }t bo}o oao} hiedzhczd}) Otbdi~o ao |zd}hýimci ao |zcetinhnon x! di mci}d"mtdimho! ~objhèi }d daduo ao ~db"|dzo~tzo (uèo}d ao ehgtzo >) Di~zdc~zc}! ^) Gthaac~! nda Cj}dzuo~czhcnd Ihvo! x Whaahob J) @tjjozn! ndao Tihudz}hnon nd Ozhvcio! nd"btd}~zoi qtd da `hnzýgdic bcad"mtaoz }d ~zoi}eczbo gzontoabdi~ddi ti eathnc aâqthnc ò}~o qtd! oa"

moivono tio |zd}hýi di ~czic o? bhaaýi nd jozd} (? Bjoz! x }hdincdi~cimd} ao ~db|dzo~tzo di Fö|h~dznd tic} 5<<< cM! ao |zd}hýi zcb|dao bcaèmtao nd `hnzýgdic x }d|ozo|zc~cid} x dadm~zcid}; d}~o} |oz~âmt"ao} mci}~h~txdi di~cimd} ti |ao}bomcintm~cz daèm~zhmc (@+) ]d ~zo~onda d}~onc bd~ïahmc nda `hnzýgdic!tio eo}d oöi hioamoivojad o d}o}oa~o} ~db|dzo~tzo} di ac} aojczo~c"zhc} ~dzzd}~zd})

Otiqtd }d hgiczo }h ao ~zoi}hmhýinda hnzýgdic bcadmtaoz oa bd~ïahmcd} gzontoa c jzt}mo! ac mhdz~c d} qtdndjd |zcntmhz}d! }dgöi ao dmtomhýind d}~onc ~dýzhmo qtd nd}mzhjd damcb|cz~obhdi~c nda `hnzýgdic! di"~zd ? x = Bjoz nd |zd}hýi) Omci~d"md ~oa }h~tomhýi o tio |zcetinhnono|zcphbonobdi~d nd <!0 udmd} dazonhc nd Fö|h~dz x <!5 udmd} da nd]o~tzic)

]d mci}hndzo! |td}! mcbc o~bý}"edzo nd d}c} |aoid~o} ao diuca~tzodp~dzio nd `hnzýgdic bcadmtaoz! qtd~hdid ti d}|d}cz nd tic} ?=)<<< kb

di Fö|h~dz x tic} :>)<<< kb di]o~tzic) Ao ezci~dzo qtd }d|ozo oa`hnzýgdic bcadmtaoz nda bd~ïahmc }d~cbo mcbc zdedzdimho |ozo ao jo}dnd ao o~bý}edzo) Ondbï}! di ao mo|ond `hnzýgdic bd~ïahmc }d digdi"nzozâo da mob|c bogiè~hmc; oaaâ! aozc~omhýi }dzâo ft}~obdi~d ao nda hi"~dzhcz |aoid~ozhc)

\did~zoinc di da hi~dzhcz! d} |c"}hjad qtd objc} |aoid~o} |c}doiti iömadc nhedzdimhonc! eczbonc |cztio mtjhdz~o nd ‑`hdac}‒ }cjzd tio

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mczzd}|cinhdi~d o ao didzgâo moaczâehmo dbh~hno |cz da |aoid~o6 ao oj}czjhno di da uh}hjadx zdzzonhono di da hiezozzcfc bï} ao didzgâo qtd d}mo|o nda hi~dzhcz) ]d mczzd}|cind jhdimci ao nd ti mtdz|c idgzc o ?:4 gzonc} Kdauhi! }oauc di da di~czic nd ac} mhimc bhmzc"bd~zc}! qtd d} tio udi~oio |cz ncind d}mo|o ao zonhomhýi |zcudihdi~d nd ihudad} bï}|zcetinc} nd ao o~bý}edzo) ]d òi hinhmonc! o}hbh}bc! ao} bcaèmtao} nd Fö|h~dz x ao}mczzd}|cinhdi~d} zdghcid} nda d}|dm~zc di ao} qtd d}~o} oj}czjdi ao zonhomhýi uh}hjad dhiezozzcfo)

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d}edzo nd bd~oad} x zcmo}) Oöi icòx ndbc}~zomhýi dp|dzhbdi~oa ndao |zd}dimho nd d}~d iömadc! qtd }d|zd}t|cid mcbc ti dadbdi~c idmd"}ozhc di ac} bcndac} qtd |c}~taoiao eczbomhýi nd |aoid~o} ghgoi~d}o |oz~hz nd ti dbjzhýi |zc~c|aoid"~ozhc) Mci tio bo}o di~zd ?< x ?4udmd} ao ~dzzd}~zd! d}~o }t|dz"^hdzzoòjzâo mo|~tzonc da `hnzýgdic nd ao}|oz~d} ezâo} dp~dzhczd} nd ao idjt"ac}o |zc~c|aoid~ozho! diucauhèincaoò}~o mci}~h~thz da |aoid~o)

Etinobdi~cnd ac} bcndac} |zcetinc}Ac} bcndac} nd mhzmtaomhýi |zcetino}d etinobdi~oi di ti ediýbdic ndmciudmmhýi6 ao etdi~d nd didzgâo qtdbtdud ao o~bý}edzo d} da moacz hi"~dzic! qtd }d ~zoi}|cz~o |cz mci"udmmhýi nd}nd da hi~dzhcz ò}~o aoo~bý}edzo) ]dgöi nhudz}c} ~zojofc}~dýzhmc}! hihmhonc} |cz E) @) Jt}}d!om~toabdi~d di ao Tihudz}hnon ndJoxzdt~`! x c~zc} dp|dzhbdi~oad}!zdoahvonc} di da aojczo~czhc d}|o"

mhoa ]|omdaoj x c~zc}! ao czgoihvo"mhýi nda ~zoi}|cz~d mciudm~huc ndmoacz di ti eathnc ic uh}mc}c mcigdcbd~zâo d}eèzhmo uhdid nd~dzbh"iono |cz ao hi~di}o zc~omhýi di tibcuhbhdi~c nd mcatbio} |ozoadao}oa dfd nd zc~omhýi nda |aoid~o)

D}~o} mcatbio} nd ôxacz"\zctn"boi! o}â }d aaoboi! digdinzoi! o}t udv! ti bcuhbhdi~c }dmtinozhcnd mhahinzc} zc~oi~d}! mcimèi~zhmc}mci nhm`c dfd! x oa~dzioi~d} di }t}di~hnc nd zc~omhýi) Ao o~bý}edzo

bcadmtaoz nd `hnzýgdic nd Fö|h~dzx ]o~tzic }d dimci~zozâo di~cimd}czgoihvono mcbc ti bcuhbhdi~c ndbo}o} mhaâinzhmo} di zc~omhýi! ah"bh~ono} hi~dzhczbdi~d |cz ao zd"ghýi nda `hnzýgdic bd~ïahmc! qtdzd}ta~ozâo hb|did~zojad) Oa oamoivozac} mhahinzc} da ~dm`c }t|dzhcz nditjd}! }d digdinzoi ao} mczzhdi~d}vcioad} di m`czzc! oa~dzioi~d} ò"mho d}~d x cd}~d! qtd cj}dzuobc}(uèo}d ao ehgtzo 4)

_tdno oöi |cz dp|aczoz }h ac} bc"uhbhdi~c} mciudm~huc} |tdndi omc"|aoz}d oa mob|c bogiè~hmc |zd}di~ddi ao |oz~d }t|dzhcz nd ao zdghýi nd`hnzýgdic bd~ïahmc! di mtxc mo}c|cnzâoi hi~dzudihz di da bcuhbhdi~cnd ao} mcatbio} o ~zouè} nd etdz"vo} bogid~c"`hnzcnhiïbhmo}) Di

mtoaqthdz mo}c! }dgöi d}~o `h|ý~d"}h}! ac} bcuhbhdi~c} }d dp~dindzâoiòmho da hi~dzhcz! qtd cmt|oi aoo~bý}edzo di~dzo x mztvoi ac} mhahi"nzc} nd ti `dbh}edzhc o c~zc) Ac}uhdi~c} ndjdzâoi }dz btx |zceti"nc}! nd bhad} nd jozd}! x }hbè~zh"mc}! d} ndmhz! noz}d o ti aonc x c~zcnda dmtoncz)

Oncadmd d}~d |aoi~dobhdi~c ndti |ti~c nèjha6 }h ac} mhahinzc} ic|did~zoi di da hi~dzhcz nd ao mo|ond `hnzýgdic bd~ïahmc! di~cimd} da

}h}~dbo nd uhdi~c} vcioad} ndjdzâoqtdnoz mciehionc o ao} ao~h~tnd} jo" fo} nd Fö|h~dz; |cz tio zovýi6 ao eh"itzo nd }t mo|o nd `hnzýgdic bc"admtaoz) Ndjdzâoi ~objhèi }dz oagcbï} dp~di}c} di ao~h~tn di ]o~tz"ic) \dzc ic d} d}c ac qtd }d o|zd"mho) Ac} m`czzc} |zcmdndi nd}nd dadmtoncz ò}~o ao} zdghcid} |caozd})Ondbï}! ao hidzmho nd ac} bcuhbhdi"~c} mhaâinzhmc} onqthzhzâo di~cimd}~oa bogih~tn! qtd ac} uhdi~c} o|d"io} ndjdzâoi |zd}di~oz mobjhc} dida ~hdb|c)

Objc} |ozïbd~zc} „|zcetinhnonx acigduhnon nd ac} uhdi~c}„ gtoz"noi mhdz~o mcieczbhnon mci ao} bd"nhno} nd ao }cino Goahadc! qtd |d"id~zý di Fö|h~dz di nhmhdbjzd nd?884 x dimci~zý uhdi~c} mzdmhdi~d}

di |zcetinhnon! ò}~o tic} :4 jo"zd}! hi}~oi~d di da mtoa ao }cino }dnd}~ztxý) ]hi dbjozgc! ao |dmtahozbd~dczcacgâo nd ao zdghýi }cindono!ti ‑ïzdo moahdi~d‒! nd Fö|h~dz mdz"moio oa dmtoncz! ic |dzbh~d tio oehz"bomhýi o|cnâm~hmo x gdidzoahvoz dazd}ta~onc oa zd}~c nda |aoid~o)

Ao `h|ý~d}h} mcimcznozâo ~objhèimci ao} bdnhno}! ~cbono} di da mtz}cnd bï} nd ti }hgac! nd ao} udacmh"nond} nd ac} uhdi~c} vcioad} di aoo~bý}edzo nd Fö|h~dz; nhm`c} zdgh}"

HIUD]^HGOMHÝI X MHDIMHO! boxc! :<<> 4=

>) MCZ^D D]_TDBO^HMC nda hi~dzhcz ndFö|h~dz x ]o~tzic! ac} |aoid~o} ghgoi~d}go}dc}c}! x nd Tzoic x Id|~tic! ac} gh"goi~d} `daonc}) Ao mo|o dp~dzhcz di mcaczobozhaac zd|zd}di~o ao o~bý}edzo nd `hnzý"gdic bcadmtaoz! di mtxo mhbo }d eczboiao} itjd} qtd udbc} oa ~dad}mc|hc) Aomo|o nd `hnzýgdic bd~ïahmc di ac} ghgoi"

~d} go}dc}c} o|ozdmd nd mcacz zcfc) Aozdghýi nd oa~o mcb|zd}hýi nd ac} `hdac}bcadmtaozd} nd ogto x mcb|td}~c} }dbd"

foi~d} „tio d}|dmhd nd ‑cmèoic hýihmc‒„o|ozdmd di mcacz ovta; btx dp~di}o diTzoic x Id|~tic! }d |zd}t|cid qtd |tdnodph}~hz di Fö|h~dz x ]o~tzic) Da iömadcmdi~zoa nd zcmo} x bhidzoad} d} }ýac tio`h|ý~d}h}! |td} ic òx |ztdjo} dp|dzhbdi"~oad} nd }t dph}~dimho)

] D G T I

^ Z H ] ^ O I

G T H A A C ^ ! C J ] D Z U O ^ C Z H C

N D I H V O

~zc} ouoaoi ao d}~ojhahnon nd ac} bh}"bc} o aozgc |aovc) @ox qtd òmdzic~oz! }hi dbjozgc! ao dph}~dimho ndoagtic} mobjhc} bdiczd}! otiqtd}hgihehmo~huc}! di ac} uhdi~c} nd d}~d|aoid~o! }cjzd ~cnc di ao mczzhdi~dbï} hi~di}o acmoahvono di ao ao~h~tn:=c icz~d) Ao mczzhdi~d! qtd oamoivoudacmhnond} nd ?0< bd~zc} |cz }d"gtinc! etd nd~dm~ono o ac aozgc ndao }dgtino bh~on nd ao nèmono ndac} icudi~o |cz D) Gozmâo Bdadinc!nda Cj}dzuo~czhc"Etinomhýi D) Nt"zïi! x |cz da ot~cz nd d}~d oz~âmtact}oinc hbïgdid} nda @tjjad) \dzc!³qtè ndmhz nd ]o~tzic3 ³]ci ~ob"jhèi hibt~ojad} ac} uhdi~c} nd ]o"~tzic3 ]cjzd d}~d o}|dm~c òjaozd"bc} bo} ondaoi~d)

Bcndac} }t|dzehmhoad}D}~d gzt|c nd bcndac} |c}~tao qtdao hi}caomhýi! c zonhomhýi }caoz oj"}czjhno di ao o~bý}edzo }t|dzhcz!mci~zcao ac} uhdi~c} vcioad}! }hi qtdao etdi~d hi~dzio nd}db|dÿd etimhýioagtio) Di }âi~d}h}! ao} mczzhdi~d}vcioad} }d nd}ozzcaaozâoi }cjzd tiomo|o ndagono! nd }ýac ti mdi~dioznd khaýbd~zc} o|zcphbonobdi~d) Damcb|cz~obhdi~c nhiïbhmc nd aoo~bý}edzo }dzâo da bh}bc qtd zhgd

da nd ao o~bý}edzo ~dzzd}~zd6 ~objhèi!ao} dmtomhcid} nda bcuhbhdi~c! }ýacqtd |ozobd~zhvono} di ao} mcinh"mhcid} nd ao o~bý}edzo nd ti |ao"id~o ghgoi~d6 }d mobjho da zonhc nda|aoid~o! ao mcb|c}hmhýi qtâbhmo ndao o~bý}edzo! ao udacmhnon oigtaoznd zc~omhýi x c~zc})

Ao} }hbtaomhcid} nd czndionczqtd uhdid zdoahvoinc nd}nd òmd bï}nd udhi~d oÿc} Gozd~` \) Whaahob}!nda Aojczo~czhc nd Nhiïbhmo ndEathnc} Gdceâ}hmc}"ICOO nd aoTihudz}hnon nd \zhimd~ci! btd}"~zoi mýbc }d gdidzoi ao} joino}|ozoadao} oa dmtoncz! ac} uýz~hmd}tjhmonc} di~zd daao} x ti |dzeha nduhdi~c} mci mczzhdi~d} oa~dzioi~d}òmho da d}~d x da cd}~d! qtd zdmtdz"

noi o ac} nd Fö|h~dz (uèo}d ao ehgt"zo 5 ) D}~o} d}~ztm~tzo} dbdzgdi o|oz~hz nd ti bdmoih}bc nd ‑~tzjt"adimho mto}hgdc}~zýehmo‒)

Di ti |aoid~o di zc~omhýi zï|hno!mtxo mo|o bd~dczcaýghmo |zd}di~oti d}|d}cz btm`c bdicz qtd dazonhc! ao} nhedzdimho} nd ~db|dzo"~tzo di~zd dmtoncz x |cac} gdidzoibcuhbhdi~c} ~tzjtadi~c} nd |dqtdÿod}moao) D}~c} zdbcahic} omojoibdvmaïinc}d |ozo eczboz d}~ztm~t"zo} ghzo~czho} mo}h jhnhbdi}hcioad};

d} ndmhz! }t ~oboÿc `czhvci~oa d}btm`c boxcz qtd da udz~hmoa) Ac}uýz~hmd} czhghionc} ~zoi}bh~hzâoida bcuhbhdi~c o ao} mczzhdi~d} vc"ioad})

Ac} bcndac} }t|dzehmhoad} oncad"mdi nd ti himciudihdi~d6 ao himo"|omhnon |ozo zd|zcntmhz ao hi~di}omczzhdi~d dmto~czhoa òmho da d}~d qtd}d cj}dzuo di Fö|h~dz x ]o~tzic) Acqtd d} |dcz! |zdnhmdi di |zhimh|hcbcuhbhdi~c} dmto~czhoad} òmho dacd}~d) \ozo zd|zcntmhz ao mczzhdi~ddmto~czhoa òmho da d}~d! ic} udzâo"bc} cjahgonc} o hi~zcntmhz `h|ý~d"}h} btx eczvono})

\dzc ao ahbh~omhýi etinobdi~oa ndd}~d ~h|c nd bcndac} d}~zhjo di }tbozghiomhýi nd ao etdi~d hi~dzio ndmoacz) ³Mýbc }d nd}omc|aoi di~ci"md} ac} bcuhbhdi~c} mciudm~huc}di ao} mo|o} hiedzhczd} gdidzonc}|cz ao etdi~d nd moacz hi~dzio ndac} nd ao mo|o }t|dzhcz moadi~ono |czda ]ca3 ]d dphghzâo oagöi |zcmd}cqtd etdzo mo|ov nd |cidz tio ezci"

~dzo hiedzhcz x zd}~zhighz ao mo|o }t"|dzehmhoa ndagono nd ac} bcuhbhdi"~c}) Daac ic} dphghzâo mcicmdz ao|zcetinhnon nd |did~zomhýi nd ao zo"nhomhýi }caoz x mtïi~o didzgâo! }c"aoz d hi~dzio! d} oj}czjhno |cz ao}mo|o} }t|dzhczd} nd itjd}) objhèiòjzâo qtd oudzhgtoz mtïi~c moaczao~di~d |tdnd ahjdzoz}d ntzoi~d aomcindi}omhýi nd ao} itjd} }t|dzhc"zd}! oa eczboz}d ~czbdi~o} bo}huo}|cz mciudmmhýi `öbdno! mcbc ao}cj}dzuono} di Fö|h~dz x ]o~tzic)

4> HIUD]^HGOMHÝI X MHDIMHO! boxc! :<<>

4) DI DA HI^DZHCZ ND FT\H^DZ X ]O"^TZIC! da moacz zd~dihnc nd}nd ao eczbo"mhýi nd ac} bh}bc} }d ~zoi}|cz~o |cz mci"udmmhýi òmho da dp~dzhcz) Ndjhnc o aogdcbd~zâo d}eèzhmo nd objc} |aoid~o} x o}t oa~o udacmhnon oigtaoz nd zc~omhýi! aomciudmmhýi czgoihvo ac} bcuhbhdi~c} o~"bc}eèzhmc} di ao mo|o nd `hnzýgdic bcad"

mtaoz di mcatbio} nd ôxacz"\zctnboi!mcimèi~zhmo} mci da dfd nd zc~omhýi! qtdo~zouhd}oi mono |aoid~o nd ti `dbh}edzhco c~zc) D}~o} mcatbio} digdinzoi tiomhzmtaomhýi }dmtinozho di eczbo nd mhahi"nzc} mcimèi~zhmc} zc~oi~d}! mtxc }di~hncoa~dzio nd etdzo òmho ndi~zc) Mtoinc ao}mcatbio} ~cmoi ao mhbo nd ao} itjd}! }tbcuhbhdi~c }d boihehd}~o mcbc ti mci"

fti~c nd mczz hdi~d} di m`czzc nhz hghno} oac aozgc nd ac} |ozoadac})

O G T ] ^ H I

Di tihýi mci ]oi~hogc \èzdv@cxc} `dbc} db|zdinhnc ti d}"~tnhc |ozo mtoi~hehmoz ao d}~ztm~tzoudz~hmoa nd ao} ihdjao} x itjd} }t"|dzhczd} nd ]o~tzic! o}â mcbc }t uo"zhojhahnon o aozgc |aovc) Ojcznobc}~objhèi da dedm~c dfdzmhnc di da|aoid~o |cz ao nd|c}hmhýi nd didzgâo}caoz) Mci Zhmoznc @td}c d}~obc}daojczoinc bcndac} mciudm~huc} ndao} ~czbdi~o} nd ogto x obciâomc!qtd }d nd}ozzcaaoi di da dmtoncz xdi ao} ao~h~tnd} bdnho} nda |aoid~o„|hèi}d}d di ao} Gzoind} Boimò}Jaoimo} (uèo}d ao ehgtzo 7 „! |ozoo}â mci~zcaoz ao moi~hnon nd didzgâox bcuhbhdi~c qtd nd}dimondioi)Ic} hi~dzd}o mcicmdz! ondbï}! ndqtè bcnc ao didzgâo x da bcuhbhdi~coedm~oi o ac} uhdi~c} vcioad}) O |oz"~hz nd ac} zd}ta~onc} o qtd aadgtd"bc}! d}|dzobc} |cndz ncbdÿoz ac}

o}|dm~c} nd~dzbhioi~d} nd ao mhzmt"aomhýi vcioa nd uhdi~c})

Mobjhc} di ac} uhdi~c}Nd ac} bcndac} |zcetinc} }d nh}"~higtdi ac} bcndac} }t|dzehmhoad} ditio mtd}~hýi mztmhoa6 ao |c}hjad |zd"}dimho nd mobjhc} ~db|czoad}) Diac} bcndac} |zcetinc}! oa }dz aoetdi~d nd didzgâo hi~dzio mci}~oi~ddi da ~hdb|c! ic òjzâo mobjhc} }hg"ihehmo~huc}! qthvï ic bï} nd ti ?< $di ao hi~di}hnon x acmoahvomhýi ndao} mczzhdi~d} nd uhdi~c})

]hi dbjozgc! ac} bcndac} nd hi"}caomhýi }cjzd mo|o ndagono ndjdzâoi}dz }di}hjad} o ac} mobjhc} di aohzzonhomhýi }caoz) ]o~tzic mci}~h~txd!di d}~d }di~hnc! ti jtdi mo}c ndd}~tnhc! |td} da |aoid~o }d òaao }c"bd~hnc o tio hi~di}o uozhojhahnon diao hi}caomhýi nd io~tzoadvo |cz tio|oz~d d}~omhcioa! xo qtd }t dfd ndzc~omhýi }d òaao himahionc :7c zd}"|dm~c nda |aoic nd ao dmaâ|~hmo; }tdpmdi~zhmhnon czjh~oa d} ao boxcznd ~cnc} ac} |aoid~o} ghgoi~d}! bo"

xcz himat}c qtd ao ~dzzd}~zd)Ondbï}! ao zdghýi dmto~czhoa nd

]o~tzic }d dimtdi~zo }cbd~hno oac} mobjhc} mâmahmc} |zcntmhnc}mtoinc ao }cbjzo nd ac} oihaac} }d|zcxdm~o }cjzd ao o~bý}edzo) Otiqtddi btmò bdicz bdnhno! nd|dind~objhèi nd ao atv qtd zdeadfoi nh"m`c} mobjhc} }cjzd da |aoid~o x ndao zonhomhýi ~èzbhmo qtd! di eczbond zonhomhýi hiezozzcfo! dbh~di ac}oihaac} òmho da |aoid~o) D}~c} mob"jhc} ic }dzâoi di mtoaqthdz mo}c hi}"

~oi~ïidc}! o nhedzdimho nd ac qtdomci~dmd di ao ^hdzzo)

Ndjhnc o ao} jofo} ~db|dzo~tzo}qtd zdhioi di ]o~tzic x o }t mcb"|c}hmhýi qtâbhmo nd `hnzýgdic! aomci}~oi~d nd ~hdb|c zonho~huo nd aoo~bý}edzo „~hdb|c qtd ~oznoi ao}bo}o} o~bc}eèzhmo} di moadi~oz}d cdiezhoz}d„ d} btm`c bï} aozgo qtddi ao ^hdzzo; d}o bczc}hnon |zcntmdnd}eo}d} nd tic} oÿc} di~zd ao} è|c"mo} nd bïphbo hi}caomhýi x }tj}h"gthdi~dbdi~d nd bïphbo ~db|dzo"~tzo di tio bh}bo ao~h~tn) Mci ~cnc!òx |ztdjo}! nd}nd òmd btm`c}oÿc}! nd mobjhc} d}~omhcioad} |czdimhbo nd ao} itjd} nd obciâomc dida mob|c nd ~db|dzo~tzo} nd ]o~tzic)³Zd|dzmt~hzïi d}~c} mobjhc} ~èzbh"mc} di da }h}~dbo nd uhdi~c}3

@o}~o ao aadgono o ]o~tzic nd ao}ioud} d}|omhoad} Ucxogdz ? di ?80<

x Ucxogdz : di ?80?! ac} no~c} omdzmond ao} itjd} nda |aoid~o x nd }t}bcuhbhdi~c} dzoi d}mo}c}) ]ýac nt"zoi~d ao} dzt|mhcid} nd ao} Gzoind}Boimò} Jaoimo} x mtoinc oagtic}|dqtdÿc} nd~oaad} o|ozdmâoi di danh}mc! }d òjâoi |cnhnc bdnhz ac}uhdi~c}) Nd}nd ao} cj}dzuomhcid} ndWhaahob @dz}m`da! di ?78=! o|dio}tio udhi~dio nd nd~oaad} òjâoi |c"nhnc db|adoz}d |ozo ~oa ehi)

Bdzmdn o ao} hbïgdid} nd oa~ozd}catmhýi nd ao} Ucxogdz ! |tnh"bc} bdnhz mci |zdmh}hýi da bcuh"

bhdi~c nd bï} nd :<<< ~zovonczd}itjc}c}) Ac} no~c} `h}~ýzhmc} gtoz"noi tio jtdio mczzdaomhýi mci ac}o|cz~onc} |cz ao} }cino d}|omhoad}!}dgöi |tnd ndbc}~zoz fti~c mci Fc}èEèahp Zcfo}! nd itd}~zc dqth|c! xmci \dnzc U) ]ono! nd ao Tihudz}hnonnd Bci~dzzdx) ]hi dbjozgc! da dph"gtc iöbdzc nd |ti~c} `h}~ýzhmc}di da |dzeha nd uhdi~c}! x }t nh}"|dz}hýi di ao~h~tn! hb|dnâoi ti oiï"ah}h} zhgtzc}c nd ac} mobjhc} nd aomhzmtaomhýi dýahmo o aozgc |aovc di]o~tzic)

\ozo ojcznoz d}~d o}|dm~c! db"|zdinhbc} di ?88< ti d}~tnhc }h}"~dbï~hmc nd ao} eczbomhcid} itjc"}o} x nd }t} bcuhbhdi~c}) Di ti|zhimh|hc ic} }dzuhbc} nd ~dad}mc"|hc} ~dzzd}~zd}! di |oz~hmtaoz da ~d"ad}mc|hc |aoid~ozhc nda Cj}dzuo~czhcnda \hm"nt"Bhnh! mci~oinc mci ao

mcaojczomhýi nd Fdoi Admom`dtp xEzoiçch} Mcao}) Bï} ~oznd! di~zd?88> x ?884! omtnhbc} o ao} hbï"gdid} nd ozm`huc nda @tjjad; nd}nd?885 ic} `dbc} uoahnc nd ao} hbï"gdid} nda @tjjad cj~dihno} di mc"aojczomhýi mci Zhmòzn Ezdim`! ndaMcadghc Wdaad}adx) O}â `dbc} ac"gzonc ti }dgthbhdi~c }h}~dbï~hmcnda bcuhbhdi~c nd mdzmo nd =4< nd"~oaad} itjc}c} x nd~dzbhionc }t} ud"acmhnond})

Di ao ehgtzo 0 bc}~zobc} da |dz"eha nd udacmhnon nd ac} uhdi~c} mcb"


5) ND OMTDZNC MCI AC] BCNDAC] ‑]T\DZEHMHOAD]‒! ao nhiïbhmo o~bc}eèzhmo di ti|aoid~o ghgoi~d d}~ï zdghno |cz ao nd|c}hmhýi nda moacz }caoz di tio mo|o ndagono nd aoo~bý}edzo }t|dzhcz) Oqtâ }d zd|zd}di~o! o ao hvqthdzno! |ozo da mo}c nd ]o~tzic! }cjzd daqtd }d ò }t|dz|td}~c da |dzeha nd udacmhnon nd ac} uhdi~c}) Ac bh}bc qtd di ao ^hdzzo!ao} nhedzdimho} nd ~db|dzo~tzo di~zd dmtoncz x |cac}! tihno o ao oa~o udacmhnon oigtaoznd zc~omhýi nd ac} |aoid~o} ghgoi~d}! gdidzoi bcuhbhdi~c} czgoihvonc} di ti }h}~dbo ndmczzhdi~d} vcioad}6 mczzhdi~d} di m`czzc o ac aozgc nd ac} |ozoadac}) O ao ndzdmò }d |zd"}di~o tio }hbtaomhýi itbèzhmo nd d}~o} mczzhdi~d} |ozo da mo}c nd Fö|h~dz! }dgöi Gozd~`\) Whaahob}) Z

H M O Z N C

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|ozonc mci da nd ao è|cmo nd ao}ioud} Ucxogdz ) Zd}ta~o c|cz~tic}tjzoxoz oagtic} `dm`c} nd}~omo"nc}) Di |zhbdz atgoz! mciehzbobc}ao dph}~dimho nd tio itduo mczzhdi"~d |caoz nd ?<< bd~zc} |cz }dgtinc!mdzmo nda |cac }tz! nd}mtjhdz~o |czitd}~zc gzt|c ti |oz nd oÿc} oi~d};di uhz~tn nd ao bh}bo! ac} m`czzc}gtoznoi tio ic~ojad }hbd~zâo mcizd}|dm~c oa dmtoncz) Di }dgtincatgoz! ac} m`czzc} ic dmto~czhoad}|ozdmdi ic òjdz }tezhnc ihigöimobjhc di~zd objc} |dzâcnc} nd~hdb|c! }d|ozonc} |cz tic} qthimdoÿc}! d} ndmhz! bdnhc oÿc nd ]o~tzic)\cz öa~hbc! da zd}ta~onc bï} hi~d"zd}oi~d }hi ntno! d} ao ‑moâno‒ ndbï} nd :<< bd~zc} |cz }dgtinc di"~zd ao} ao~h~tnd} :<c icz~d x }tz ndao mczzhdi~d dmto~czhoa)

^zd} |c}hjhahnond}Ao |zdgti~o zd}ta~o cjuho6 ³mtïa d}

da czhgdi nd d}~d mcz~d di da |dzehanda m`czzc dmto~czhoa3 Dph}~di uo"zho} |c}hjhahnond}! tio} hb|t~ojad}o dedm~c} hinhzdm~c} x c~zo} o timobjhc zdoa di da |dzeha) Ao |zhbdzo!tio zd}catmhýi hi}tehmhdi~d nda ~d"ad}mc|hc d}|omhoa! qtd ic |dzmhjhdzoao |zd}dimho nd c~zc} |dqtdÿc} nd"~oaad} qtd }d bcuhdzoi mci ao} ud"acmhnond} dimci~zono} di ao} hbï"gdid} nd ao} }cino} Ucxogdz ) Otiqtdo}â etdzo! òjzâo qtd dp|ahmoz |czqtè qtd dph}~di uhdi~c} qtd ozzo}"

~zdi mci boxcz adi~h~tn d}c} nd~o"aad} o~bc}eèzhmc})

Nd omtdznc mci tio }dgtino |c"}hjhahnon! ac} nd~oaad} di mtd}~hýicmt|ozâoi tio ao~h~tn bï} daduonoqtd di ao è|cmo nd ac} uhofd} nd ac}Ucxogdz x }dgthzâoi ao adx cj}dzuo"no di c~zo} zdghcid} nda |aoid~o!}dgöi ao mtoa ac} uhdi~c} ndmzdmdimci ao oa~tzo |cz dimhbo nd ao mhbond ao} itjd}) O |oz~hz nda d}~tnhcnd ao zdeadphuhnon nd ao} itjd}! `d"bc} nd~dzbhionc qtd ao} eczbomhc"id} itjc}o} di~zd ?88> x :<<: }ddimci~zojoi tic} =4 kb bï} oa~o}qtd di ?80<"0?) Mci ~cnc! }d ~zo"~ozâo nd tio mhzmti}~oimho dp~zoÿo!|td} tio moâno ~oi jzt}mo di tionh}~oimho udz~hmoa mcz~o mciaaduozâonhedzdimho} nd ~db|dzo~tzo nd bï}nd 5< gzonc} di~zd ao~h~tnd} mdzmo"io}! ac qtd ic |ozdmd uhojad)

Mojd tio ~dzmdzo |c}hjhahnon6 qtdda bcuhbhdi~c qtd udbc} mczzd}"

|cino oa nd tio cino dmto~czhoa diao o~bý}edzo x ic ao nda eathnc o~"bc}eèzhmc; d} ndmhz! qtd mczzd}|ci"no oa uhdi~c) Ao cino }d bcudzâo mcitio udacmhnon nd eo}d nd :<< b#}òmho da cd}~d mci zd}|dm~c ndam`czzc dmto~czhoa; d}o mdadzhnonmchimhnhzâo mci da uoacz nd ao moânocj}dzuono di ao udacmhnon nda uhdi"~c) Ao hndo nd ao cino }d jo}o diqtd oagtio} nd ao} eczbomhcid} it"jc}o} t~hahvono} mcbc ~zovonczd} ndauhdi~c di da dmtoncz d}~ïi }d|ozo"

no} zdgtaozbdi~d di acigh~tn! o aoboidzo nd mzd}~o} c uoaad} nd tiocino) Ac} no~c} qtd |c}ddbc} ic|dzbh~di! }hi dbjozgc! tio mci"mat}hýi himci~zcudz~hno)

Dph}~d! |cz da mci~zozhc! ao |c}h"jhahnon nd qtd da m`czzc dmto~czhoaòxo mobjhonc }t udacmhnon) Da mob"jhc |cnzâo ndjdz}d o ao} uozhomhc"id} d}~omhcioad} nd hi}caomhýi qtd}tezd ao zdghýi dmto~czhoa nd ]o~tzicc o ao nhiïbhmo nd}ozzcaaono |czao} gzoind} ~czbdi~o}! udzjhgzomho!tio Gzoi Boimò Jaoimo)

Di }d|~hdbjzd nd ?88<! d}~oaaýtio gzoi ~czbdi~o di da dmtoncz nd]o~tzic (uèo}d ao ehgtzo 7 ) ]t} dedm"~c} }d dp~dinhdzci |cz da dmtoncznda |aoid~o x ntzozci o ac aozgc nd?88?) \ozo itd}~zo }cz|zd}o! di ?88>}d eczbý c~zo boimò dmto~czhoa |c"ndzc}o! oagc bï} oa }tz qtd ao |zh"bdzo) Nd}nd di~cimd}! da dmtonczic ò md}onc nd bc}~zozic} d}~ztm"

~tzo} itjc}o} hzzdgtaozd}! o udmd}gzoind}! o udmd} |dqtdÿo}! mci bo"xcz c bdicz mci~zo}~d)

]h ao} ~czbdi~o} }ci ao zovýi ndamobjhc di da uhdi~c dmto~czhoa! ic}òaaozâobc} oi~d uhdi~c} }di}hjad}o ao nhiïbhmo qtd }d nd}ozzcaaozodi ao} mo|o} }t|dzhczd} nd itjd})Ao} ~czbdi~o} |cnzâoi dp~zodz didz"gâo nda bcuhbhdi~c vcioa o~bc}eè"zhmc! ezdiïincac) C~zo c|mhýi }dzâoqtd ao} itjd} oa~o} nd ao} ~czbdi"~o} om~tozoi mcbc etdi~d} acmoad}


7) ZOZO UDV ]D \TDND CJ]DZUOZ tio ‑Gzoi Boimò Jaoimo‒}cjzd ]o~tzic) Nd }t |zd}dimho dph}~d zdgh}~zc `h}~ýzhmc nd ac} oÿc}?075! ?8<=! ?8==! ?85< x ?88<) O ao hvqthdzno }d btd}~zo aohbogdi nd ao Gzoi Boimò dmto~czhoa nd ?88<! |cmc nd}|tè} nd }to|ozhmhýi (mtoinc }t ~oboÿc oamoivojo tic} :<)<<< kb di hbogdi~cbono nd}nd da Cj}dzuo~czhc nda \hm"nt"Bhnh) Di da mdi~zc }dcezdmd ao ducatmhýi nd ao boimò oa mojc nd ti bd}! ~zo} mcbdivoz

}t nh}|dz}hýi |cz ac} uhdi~c} nda |aoid~o! di hbogdi nda @tjjad) Di

?88> }tzghý c~zo |dz~tzjomhýi dmto~czhoa qtd oqtâ }d btd}~zo dihbogdi nda @tjjad (o ao ndzdmò) ]dgöi ac} bcndac} zdoahvonc} |czitd}~zc dqth|c! ao} gzoind} boimò} jaoimo} }d eczboi mtoinc ao}bo}o} nd go} moahdi~d x `öbdnc o}mhdindi mci udacmhnond} }t|dzhc"zd} o ac} ?4< bd~zc} |cz }dgtinc nd}nd tic} ?74 khaýbd~zc} nd|zcetinhnon di ao o~bý}edzo! eczboinc ~czbdi~o} nd ogto xobciâomc! qtd }d btd}~zoi uh}hjad} mtoinc d}~c} mcb|td}~c} }d

mcindi}oi x gdidzoi itjd} jaoimo} nd mzh}~oah~c} nd `hdac)

O G T ] ^ H I

nd c|omhnon o ao zonhomhýi }caoz xoa d}mo|d nd ao zonhomhýi hi~dzio!gdidzoinc hb|cz~oi~d} nhedzdimho}~èzbhmo} di~zd ïzdo} onxomdi~d}qtd bcnhehmozoi da zèghbdi nduhdi~c})

Nhiïbhmo |zcetinoNd}nd da |ti~c nd uh}~o gdidzoa ndao mhzmtaomhýi nd ac} |aoid~o} gh"goi~d}! }c}|dmòbc} qtd ao mci}"~oimho! mo}h gacjoa ntzoi~d bï} nd?<< oÿc}! di da }h}~dbo nd uhdi~c}nd Fö|h~dz! x di ac} ic dmto~czhoad}nd ]o~tzic! zd}|cind o tio nhiï"bhmo |zcetino di ao o~bý}edzo)

]hi dbjozgc! mtoinc omci~dmdoagöi ediýbdic o~bc}eèzhmc nd gzoihi~di}hnon! ao} mczzhdi~d} vcioad}|tdndi }tezhz uozhomhcid} di }t ud"

acmhnon! bcntaono} |cz nhmò nhiï"bhmo) Cmtzzd o}â di ao} gzoind}~czbdi~o} nd ]o~tzic x di ao} |dz"~tzjomhcid} nda hi~di}c m`czzc o:= gzonc} icz~d nd Fö|h~dz) _tdnozâo|cz }ojdz qtè etimhýi nd}db|dÿoao zonhomhýi }caoz di ao gdidzomhýi

nd d}~o} eczbomhcid} bd~dczcaýgh"mo} ghgoi~d}mo})

O bdnhonc} nd :<<>! ao ioudMo}}hih! zd}ta~onc nd ti |zcxdm~cmcifti~c nd ao Ogdimho D}|omhoaIcz~dobdzhmoio IO]O x nd ao dtzc"|do D]O! di~zozï di ýzjh~o oazdnd"ncz nd ]o~tzic) \cz tic} mtoi~c}oÿc} }d mciudz~hzï di ao boxcz etdi"~d nd mcicmhbhdi~c }cjzd ac} |ao"id~o} ghgoi~d} nda }h}~dbo }caoz)D}|dzdbc} qtd di~cimd} btmò}nd d}~o} himýgih~o} |tdnoi hz nd}"

|dfïinc}d mci ao} cj}dzuomhcid}qtd o|cz~d)

Oa |zc|hc ~hdb|c! òjzï qtd |zc"etinhvoz di da nd}ozzcaac nd bcnd"ac} itbèzhmc} nd mhzmtaomhýi gdid"zoa |ozo ac} |aoid~o} ghgoi~d}! qtdic} |dzbh~oi mci~zo}~oz ao} }hbtao"mhcid} nd mýbc }d gdidzoi ac} uhdi"~c}! mci ao} cj}dzuomhcid} dph}~di"~d} x mci ao} |zc|czmhciono} |czMo}}hih)

Ih qtd ndmhz ~hdid qtd ~cnc ouoimddi da mcicmhbhdi~c nd ac} bdmo"ih}bc} qtd mci~zcaoi ao mhzmtao"mhýi gdidzoa nd ao} o~bý}edzo} |ao"id~ozho} uo o zd|dzmt~hz di tiobdfczo nd itd}~zc} bcndac} |ozodp|ahmoz ac} bcuhbhdi~c} o~bc}eè"zhmc} x cmdïihmc} nd itd}~zc |zc"|hc |aoid~o; di |oz~hmtaoz! di }tmo|omhnon |zdnhm~huo o aozgc |aovc)Ondbï}! ac} bcndac} nd mhzmtaomhýi

o~bc}eèzhmo hndonc} |ozo ac} |ao"id~o} ghgoi~d} }d mciudz~hzïi dizdedzdimho |ozo hi~dz|zd~oz ao} et"~tzo} cj}dzuomhcid} nd ac} |aoid~o}ghgoi~d} dp~zo}caozd} qtd }d uhd"idi nd}mtjzhdinc nd}nd ?884)


Ogt}~âi ]ïim`dv Aoudgo d} mo~dnzï"

~hmc nd eâ}hmo o|ahmono di ao D}mtdao]t|dzhcz nd Higdihdzc} di Jhajoc ndao Tihudz}hnon nda \oâ} Uo}mc) Nd}nd?80< uhdid d}~tnhoinc ao eâ}hmo nd ac}|aoid~o} ghgoi~d}! ~dbo }cjzd da qtdò |tjahmonc bï} nd ti mdi~dioz ndoz~âmtac}) ]t hi~dzè} om~toa }d dp~hdi"nd o ac} |aoid~o} dp~zo}caozd}) \oz~hmh"|o di ao |zd|ozomhýi nd ao bh}hýi Ud" it}"Dp|zd}} nd ao Ogdimho D}|omhoaDtzc|do! qtd ucaozï o d}~d |aoid~odi da oÿc :<<4)

NXIOBHM] CE FCUHOI O^BC]\@DZD]) ^) D)Ncwahig di Oiitoa Zduhdw ce Eathn Bd"mòihm}! uca) :7! |ïg}) :8="==>; ?884)

O^BC]\@DZD] CE ^@D GHOI^ \AOID^])O) \) Higdz}caa di ^`d Idw ]caoz ]x}"~db! nhzhghnc |cz F) K) Jdo~~x! M) M) \d"~dz}di! O) Mòhkhi) Mobjzhngd Tihudz"}h~x \zd}}! Mobjzhngd! ?888)

O ]^ZCIG NDMZDO] D HI ]O^TZI‘] D_TO"^CZHOA M@CZZC O^ MACTN ADUDA) O) ]ïi"m`dv Aoudgo! ]) \èzdv @cxc}! F) E) Zc" fo}! Z) @td}c! Z) G) Ezdim` di Io~tzd!uca) >:=! |ïg}) 5:="5:4; :<<=)

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0) MCB\OZOMHCI ND AC] \DZEHAD] ND UDACMHNON ND AC] UHDI^C] di ]o~tzic) ]d

hinhmo da uoacz bdnhc |ozo ?80<"0? o |oz~hz nd ao} hbïgdid} nd ao} ioud} Ucxogdz ( aâido zcfo di mc~dfc mci ao} bdnhno} hinhuhntoad} |ozo da |dzâcnc ?88>":<<: dedm~tono} }cjzdhbïgdid} cj~dihno} mci da @tjjad ( |ti~c} idgzc}! x o |oz~hz nd ao} hbïgdid} mci ~dad}mc"|hc} di ~hdzzo (mâzmtac} ovtad})



Ao ^hdzzo ~hdbjaodi }hadimhcIc ~cnc} ac} }dâ}bc} uoi omcb|oÿonc} nd ti gzoi d}~ztdinc)Mhdz~c} ~dbjaczd} }hadimhc}c} |zd}oghoi ~}tiobh} c ~dzzdbc~c} nduo}~onczd}

\d~dz Mdzudaah

O|zhimh|hc} nd icuhdbjzd nd :<<<! ao GzoiH}ao nd @owoh }tezhý ao boxcz mcibcmhýi}â}bhmo nd ac} öa~hbc} nhdv oÿc}) ]d `tinhd"zci di da boz tic} :<<< khaýbd~zc} möjhmc}nda eaoimc }tz nda ucamïi Khaotdo! ahjdzoinc

ao didzgâo nd ti }dâ}bc nd 4!7) \oz~d nda nd}|acbd }d|zcntfc di tio vcio qtd ezdmtdi~oi o nhozhc bhad} nd|dz}cio} |ozo mci~db|aoz ti d}|dm~omtaoz zâc nd aouo)\d}d o ~cnc! ionhd onuhz~hý da ~dbjacz! ih }hqthdzo ac}}h}býacgc})

³Mýbc |tnc |o}oz hionudz~hnc ti }tmd}c nd ~oa bog"

ih~tn3 ]ýac o`czo }ojdbc} qtd ic ~cnc} ac} bcuhbhdi~c}}â}bhmc} }d omcb|oÿoi nd gzoind} d}~ztdinc}) Di daKhaotdo }d nhc tic nd ac} dfdb|ac} bï} maozc} nd ~dzzd"bc~c} }hadimhc}c}! ti ~h|c nd bcuhbhdi~c nd ~hdzzo}nd}mcicmhnc |cz ao mhdimho ò}~o òmd |cmc} oÿc}) \cz}t|td}~c! da ot~cz itimo `tjhd}d nd~dm~onc d}~d }dâ}"bc nd ic }dz |cz ao zdn nd }di}czd} qtd t~hahvojo daCj}dzuo~czhc Ucamïihmc nd @owoh nda ]dzuhmhc nd Hi}"|dmmhýi Gdcaýghmo nd ac} D}~onc} Tihnc} |ozo da }d"gthbhdi~c nd ao om~huhnon nda ucamïi) Mtoinc cj}dzuèqtd da eaoimc }tz nda Khaotdo }d òjâo nd}|aovonc?< mdi~âbd~zc} o ac aozgc nd tio eoaao }tj~dzzïido! uh~objhèi qtd òjâo ~oznonc tio} =5 `czo} di zdmczzdzd}o nh}~oimho! ti |o}c nd ~cz~tgo ~zo~ïinc}d nd ti ~d"

zzdbc~c) Di ti ~dbjacz ~â|hmc! ti aonc nd ao eoaao }dondaoi~o oa c~zc o udacmhnon }t|dz}ýihmo! di mtd}~hýind }dgtinc}! mdadzhnon }tehmhdi~d |ozo mzdoz ao} cino}}â}bhmo} qtd }omtndi mci d}~ztdinc da ~dzzdic)

\d}d o }t adi~h~tn x }hadimhc! bh} mcaojczonczd} xxc ic} nhbc} mtdi~o di }dgthno nd qtd da ~dbjacz ndaKhaotdo |cnâo |zd}oghoz ti nd}o}~zd) ]h d}o diczbdbo}o nd zcmo} x nd~zh~t} goiojo moi~hnon nd bcuhbhdi~cx }d mciudz~âo di ti higdi~d mczzhbhdi~c nd ~hdzzo}„}d|ozïinc}d nda zd}~c nda ucamïi x nd}ahvïinc}d ud"acv òmho da boz„ ao} mci}dmtdimho} }dzâoi nduo}~o"

nczo}) Da `tinhbhdi~c nda bo~dzhoa aduoi~ozâo cao} gh"goi~d}mo} (~}tiobh} qtd hitinozâoi ao} mhtnond}zhjdzdÿo} nd ao mc}~o nda \omâehmc) D}c} nd}|acbd} mo"~o}~zýehmc} nd ac} eaoimc} mci}~h~txdi tio obdiovo |c"~dimhoa |ozo btmò} h}ao} ucamïihmo})

Bcuhbhdi~c} }öjh~c} d hi~dzbh~di~d}\dzc da nd}mtjzhbhdi~c nd ac} ~dzzdbc~c} }hadimhc}c}ojzd tio |tdz~o o ao d}|dzoivo) Ao} |zcjojhahnond} ndqtd tio aondzo }tezo ti ndzztbjobhdi~c nd d}~d moah"jzd }ci d}mo}o} x ac} hi}~ztbdi~c} qtd zdgh}~zoi ac}~dbjaczd} }hadimhc}c} |dzbh~di ouh}oz o ~hdb|c) Ond"bï}! ao hndi~hehmomhýi nd ao} mcinhmhcid} qtd |cnzâoi|zcucmoz nd}ahvobhdi~c} }hghac}c} }tghdzd d}~zo~dgho}otnomd} |ozo |zdudihz mo~ï}~zced} nd d}~d ~h|c) ôbjhèi

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DA GHGOI^D]MC ND]\ACBD nd tio aondzo di~dzo |zcucmonc |czti }dâ}bc }hadimhc}c (ozzhjo! o ao hvqthdzno |cnzâo gdidzoz ti |o"uczc}c ~}tiobh nd mhdi~c} nd bd~zc} nd oa~tzo (ojofc)

}d d}~ïi nd~dm~oinc ~dbjaczd} ‑bt"nc}‒ di atgozd} ncind ic dph}~d |zc"jojhahnon nd nd}|zdinhbhdi~c}) Aohieczbomhýi qtd oaaâ }d cj~hdid nd~oad} ~dbjaczd} |dzbh~d oehioz ao}|zdnhmmhcid} }cjzd ac} qtd }d duh"ndimhoi di }t|dzehmhd)

Da nd}mtjzhbhdi~c nd ac} ~dzzd"bc~c} }hghac}c} x }t zdaomhýi mcida nd}|acbd nd aondzo} aadgý o zoâvnd ac} d}~tnhc} zdoahvonc} di ~czico c~zc} nd}o}~zd} io~tzoad} |c~di"mhoad}) ]dâ}bc} nduo}~onczd} x uca"moid}! di |oz~hmtaoz! mci}~h~txdi tio|zdcmt|oi~d obdiovo |ozo Fo|ýi xao mc}~o iczcd}~d nda \omâehmc ndDD)TT)! vcio} nd }tjntmmhýi nd|aomo} ~dm~ýihmo}! d} ndmhz! nd |zc"gzd}huc `tinhbhdi~c nd tio jofcc~zo) \cz d}~d bc~huc! o |zhimh|hc}nd ac} oÿc} icudi~o nda }hgac |o"}onc! }d mcbdivozci o ~dindz dp"

~di}o} zdnd} nd zdmd|~czd} nda }h}"~dbo nd |c}hmhciobhdi~c gacjoa(G\] di d}o} zdghcid} x di ao eoanonda Khaotdo x c~zc} ucamoid} om~h"uc}) O |oz~hz nd ao} }dÿoad} qtd zd"mhjdi nd tio mci}~daomhýi nd bï}nd =< }o~èah~d} nd ioudgomhýi! d}"~c} hi}~ztbdi~c} bhndi di ~cnc bc"bdi~c }t |zc|ho |c}hmhýi }cjzd ao}t|dzehmhd nda |aoid~o mci tio |zd"mh}hýi nd d}mo}c} bhaâbd~zc})

]d d}|dzojo qtd d}~c} G\] |dz"bh~hd}di o|zdmhoz da nd}ahvobhdi~c!adi~c d himd}oi~d! nd ao} |aomo} ~dm"~ýihmo} nd ao mcz~dvo ~dzzd}~zd! o}â mcbc ac} bcuhbhdi~c} zdao~huobdi"~d zï|hnc} |zcucmonc} |cz ac} }dâ}"bc} x ao om~huhnon nd ac} ucamoid})Zd}ta~ý tio }cz|zd}o cj}dzuoz qtddi cmo}hcid} ac} hi}~ztbdi~c} nd"~dm~ojoi ahgdzc} nd}|aovobhdi~c}nda ~dzzdic qtd ic cjdndmâoi ih o

ti ~dzzdbc~c ih o tio dzt|mhýi mc"icmhnc}) ^zo}aononc} o ti bo|o!nhjtfojoi ti ~zovonc btx }hbhaozoa qtd mozom~dzhvo da bcuhbhdi~cnd tio eoaao) Mci c~zo} |oaojzo}!~cno} ao} d}~omhcid} G\] }h~tono}o ti aonc nd ao eoaao }d nd}|aovo"joi uozhc} mdi~âbd~zc} di ao bh}"bo nhzdmmhýi) Ic òjzâo qtd dp"~zoÿoz}d }h da ~zovonc }d `tjhd}dcj~dihnc o ac aozgc nd ti oÿc! |czac bdic}! |td} di~cimd} |cnzâo o~zh"jthz}d oa nd}ahvobhdi~c nd tio eo"aao! ti |zcmd}c adi~c x mci~hitc)\dzc ac} bcuhbhdi~c} zdeadfonc}„uozhc} mdi~âbd~zc} |cz nâo„ dzoimhdi~c} nd udmd} bï} zï|hnc}) Ond"bï} nd }t zdao~huo mdadzhnon! d}~c}ediýbdic} mcb|oz~âoi mci ac} ~dzzd"bc~c} mczzhdi~d} }t hi~dzbh~dimho6}tmd}c} nh}mzd~c} qtd o|ozdmdi xnd}o|ozdmdi }öjh~obdi~d) Di daac }d

nh}~higtâoi ~objhèi nda nd}ahvo"bhdi~c nd eoaao)

]t o|ozhmhýi zd|di~hio di ao} ao"ndzo} nd tio h}ao ucamïihmo mzdo da~dbcz nd ti |c}hjad nd}|zdinhbhdi"~c mo~o}~zýehmc) Ao boxczâo nd ac}~dzzdbc~c} }d czhghioi o ac aozgcnd eoaao}! qtd |cz }â bh}bo} ezdioiac} nd}ahvobhdi~c}6 da bcuhbhdi~c}d nd~hdid mci ao ahjdzomhýi nd ao~di}hýi di~zd nc} ezoifo} nd ~hdzzoqtd hi~di~oi }cjzd|o}oz}d tio o c~zo)\dzc }h ao gzoudnon }d mciuhdz~d diao |zhimh|oa etdzvo bc~zhv! ao om~h"uhnon qthvï ic }d }t}|dino) Di ao|dcz nd ao} }h~tomhcid}! ao }dmmhýinda ucamïi }t|zoxomdi~d o ao eoaao}d utdaud ~oi hid}~ojad qtd! hihmhoncda nd}ahvobhdi~c! }t |zc|hc |d}cozzo}~zo òmho ojofc ~cno ao eoanond ao bci~oÿo ò}~o qtd ~dzbhio!nh}gzdgono! di da ecinc cmdïihmc)

Ao} aondzo} d}moz|ono} nda Kh"aotdo x c~zc} ucamoid} }dbdfoi~d}}d ~czioi bï} |zc|di}o} o d}~d~h|c nd tinhbhdi~c} mtoinc ao aouond dzt|mhcid} }tmd}huo} }d uo omt"btaoinc }hi noz ~hdb|c o }t duo"mtomhýi (|td}~c qtd }t dzc}hýi zd"}ta~o ndbo}honc adi~o) Da ~dbjacz}hadimhc}c nd~dm~onc di da Khaotdohintmd o }c}|dmòz qtd ao udz~hdi~d}tz nda ucamïi }dgthzï d}d mobhic!~oa udv òmho }t nd}~ztmmhýi ehioa)

\cz o`czo! da zcvobhdi~c o ac aozgcnd ao eoaao om~öo nd ezdic nd dbdz"gdimho) \dzc ao gzoudnon udimhý dicmo}hcid} oi~dzhczd}) O}â ac btd}"~zoi ao} gzoind} dp~di}hcid} nd nd"}dm`c} qtd ao} hbïgdid} nd }ýiozòi zdgh}~zonc nd ao} |zcetinhno"nd} qtd mhzmtinoi h}ao} ucamïihmo}nd ~cnc da btinc! mcbc ao nd Bo"aaczmo di da Bdnh~dzzïidc c ao} Mo"

iozho} di da O~aïi~hmc) Di ao} h}ao}@owoh }d òi dimci~zonc zo}~zc} ndbï} nd :4 ndzztbjobhdi~c} omod"mhnc} di ac} öa~hbc} mhimc bhaacid}nd oÿc}! ti hi}~oi~d di ao d}moao~db|czoa nd ao gdcacgâo)

Di ti nd}|zdinhbhdi~c ~â|hmc modioa boz bo}o} mhdi~c} nd udmd} bo"xczd} qtd ao |czmhýi nda bci~d ]oi~oDadio qtd }d nd}gofý ntzoi~d ao dzt|"mhýi nd ?80<! bï} qtd }tehmhdi~d|ozo nd}dimondioz mcac}oad} ~}tio"bh}) Di ao h}ao òwohoio nd Aoioh!}hi hz bï} adfc}! }d òi nd}mtjhdz~czo}~zc} nd ao ommhýi nd ao} cao}6 |czdfdb|ac! ojtinoi~d} ezogbdi~c} ndmcimò} bozhio} o =:4 bd~zc} ndoa~tzo) Gozx B) BmBtz~zx x }t}mcb|oÿdzc} nd ao Tihudz}hnon nd@owoh di Boico! ndehdindi ao `h|ý"~d}h} nd qtd nhmò} mcimò} òjzâoi}hnc ozzo}~zono} |cz ao} cao} nd ti~}tiobh qtd oamoivo}d ao o}cbjzc}odaduomhýi nd =<< bd~zc} di oagt"io} mc}~o} nd ao h}ao) Di ~hdb|c}bcndzic} o|dio} }d òi zdgh}~zonccao} qtd }t|dzdi ao nèmhbo |oz~d

nd d}o oa~tzo)

Bè~cnc} nd |zdudimhýi\cz o~dzzoncz qtd |ozdvmo ~oa ediý"bdic! da zhd}gc ndjd uoaczoz}d dida mci~dp~c ondmtonc) Di tio d}moaond ~hdb|c `tboio! ao |zcjojhahnonnda nd}|acbd nd tio aondzo ucamï"ihmo zd}ta~o bâihbo! otiqtd btm`cboxcz qtd ao nda hb|om~c nd ti gzoimcbd~o c o}~dzchnd di ao ^hdzzo) Diao} h}ao} @owoh }d |zcntmdi nd}|zdi"nhbhdi~c} nd bogih~tn }tehmhdi~d


Zd}tbdi#\dinhdi~d nd}ahvoi~d▬ Ic ~cnc} ac} }dâ}bc} uoi omcb|oÿonc} nd ti gzoi d}~ztdinc) Di

cmo}hcid}! ao ~hdzzo ~hdbjao di }hadimhc) D}~d itduc ~h|c nd ~dzzdbc"~c} }hghac}c} cjahgo o zd|aoi~doz itd}~zc} mcicmhbhdi~c} }cjzd damcb|cz~obhdi~c nd ao} eoaao} |zcmahud} o ac }dâ}bc})

▬ Di mo}c} dpmd|mhcioad}! da ~dbjacz }hadimhc}c nd ao} aondzo} nd tiucamïi mc}~dzc |tdnd nd}dimondioz higdi~d} ouoaoimò} di mo}monoqtd }d |zdmh|h~oi oa boz x |zcucmoi ~}tiobh} nd ic~ojad oa~tzo)

▬ Di vcio} nd eoaao mzdono} |cz ao }tjntmmhýi nd tio |aomo jofc c~zo!ac} ~dbjaczd} }hadimhc}c} |zcbtdudi ao o|ozhmhýi nd mcibcmhcid}}â}bhmo} di da ~dzzdic)

▬ Di c~zc} atgozd}! ac} nd}ahvobhdi~c} }hghac}c} |cnzâoi aojczoz mci~zoda nd}dimondiobhdi~c nd ti ~dzzdbc~c uhcadi~c! |czqtd zdaofoi ao}~di}hcid} o ac aozgc nd ao} eoaao}! qtd! }hi d}d ezdic! |zcucmozâoi ao}omtnhno)

|ozo czhghioz ~}tiobh} }ýac tio udvmono ?<<)<<< oÿc}) Mhdz~c} dp|dz~c}mhezoi di tic |cz ?<)<<< oÿc} ao ezd"mtdimho nd d}~c} ediýbdic} di ~cncda btinc) \d}d o ~cnc! ao ~dzzhjad nd}"~ztmmhýi qtd mciaaduoi ft}~hehmo aoonc|mhýi nd bdnhno} |zdudi~huo})

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eaoimc} nd ao eoaao (hi}dz~c ; o}â eomhah~o da qtd tic }dnd}ahmd }cjzd da c~zc (eadmò} di zcfc ) D}~d ~h|c nd nd}"ahvobhdi~c }hadimhc}c cmtzzd di ao} vcio} nd }tjntmmhýix di ao} h}ao} ucamïihmo})

VCIO ND ]TJNTMMHCI H]AO UCAMOIHMO

Da ogto dp~zthno nd ac} bhidzoad} `hnzo~onc} di tioadigto nd ecinc bozhic oi~hgtc |tdnd |did~zoz diao} eoaao} qtd }d czhghioi mtoinc d}d }dgbdi~c }dnd}ahvo jofc c~zo |aomo ~dm~ýihmo)

Da ogto nd ao aatuho |tdnd eha~zoz}d nd}nd ao }t|dz"ehmhd ~dzzd}~zd ò}~o eoaao} |cmc |zcetino}! mcbcao} qtd }d|ozoi tio aondzo hid}~ojad nda zd}~cnd ti ucamïi)

aomhcid} di ao} qtd }d jcbjdo ogtoòmho ao ~hdzzo) Di da mo}c nd ac}ucamoid}! }hi dbjozgc! ao nhehmta"~on dp~zdbo d}~zhjo di mcacmoz aomoi~hnon nd eathnc o|zc|hono di daatgoz mczzdm~c! |ozo hb|dnhz qtd }d|zcntvmo ft}~obdi~d da `tinhbhdi~cqtd }d nd}do duh~oz) Oagtic} gdc"eâ}hmc} uhdzci di d}o d}~zo~dgho tioeczbo nd zdaofoz ao ~di}hýi qtd }c"|cz~o ao hieot}~o eoaao moaheczihoiond ]oi Oinzè}) \dzc ojoinciozciao hndo oi~d da ~dbcz nd mzdoz bï}|zcjadbo} nd ac} qtd |zd~dinâo zd"}caudz)

Mtÿo} nd ogtoOndbï} nd aaoboz ao o~dimhýi }c"jzd da ediýbdic nda nd}|acbd mo"~o}~zýehmc nd tio aondzo ucamïihmo!da nd}mtjzhbhdi~c nd ac} }dâ}bc}}hadimhc}c} cjahgo o zd|aoi~dozic}

uozhc} o}|dm~c} zdao~huc} oa bcuh"bhdi~c nd ao} eoaao}! di~zd daac} aoduoatomhýi nd ac} zhd}gc} }â}bhmc})Di ao mc}~o nda iczcd}~d nd ac}DD)TT) }d òi cj}dzuonc itbdzc"}c} ~dbjaczd} nd d}d ~h|c o ac aozgcnd ao diczbd vcio nd eoaao ndMo}monho! di~zd ao |aomo Icz~dobd"zhmoio x ao |aomo Ftoi nd Etmo! di}tjntmmhýi) D}c} ~dbjaczd} }hadi"~d} }d mozom~dzhvoi |cz ao ic~ojadzdgtaozhnon nd }t o|ozhmhýi! ò}~oda |ti~c nd |cndz |zdndmhz}d }t zd"mtzzdimho)

Btx |c}hjadbdi~d! ao dp|ahmomhýind ~oa |zdnhm~hjhahnon }d dimtdi~zodi ao ommhýi nda ogto qtd eatxd |czndjofc nd ao} vcio} nd }tjntmmhýi!qtd mci~zcao di jtdio bdnhno dabcbdi~c x da atgoz di qtd }d |zc"ntmd ti nd}ahvobhdi~c }hadimhc}cnd ao} eoaao}) Di }t bcuhbhdi~c nd}tjntmmhýi! ao |aomo }d `tind ~hdzzoondi~zc) Dimtdi~zo o}â ~db|dzo~t"zo} x |zd}hcid} mono udv bï} dad"uono}! qtd ahjdzoi ojtinoi~d ogtoo~zo|ono di ac} bhidzoad} nd|c}h~o"

nc} oaaâ) Mtoinc d}~o jca}o nd eathnc}d ojzd |o}c òmho da dp~dzhcz! |td"ndi |zcntmhz}d ~dbjaczd} }hadimhc"}c}6 da eatfc di}oimòzï ao vcio ndeoaao x qthvï eouczdvmo ti adi~c nd}"ahvobhdi~c)

\cz }h etdzo |cmc! Gozzx Zcgdz}x @dzj Nzogdz~! nda ]dzuhmhc ndHi}|dmmhýi Gdcaýghmo nd Moionï!hieczbozci di ftihc nd :<<= qtdd}~c} ~dbjaczd} }hadimhc}c} |cnzâoi}dzuhz himat}c nd |zdmtz}czd} ndoagtic} nd ac} uhcadi~c} ~dzzdbc"

~c} qtd }omtndi ao zdghýi) Oa|zcntmhz}d di ao} |zcetinhnond} xo hi~dzuoac} nh}mzd~c}! ac} nd}ahvo"bhdi~c} adi~c} zdgtaoi ao ~o}o ndomtbtaomhýi nd ~di}hýi di ao |oz~d}t|dzehmhoa nd ao eoaao! qtd ouoivo|cz d}|o}bc}) Di d}~d }dgbdi~c }t"|dzehmhoa! jacqtdonc! nd ao eoaao!}tdad ~oznoz}d oÿc}! }hgac} ~oa udv!di omtbtaoz ao ~di}hýi zdqtdzhno|ozo nd}dimondioz ti etdz~d }dâ}"bc) ]hi dbjozgc! Zcgdz} x Nzogdz~}tghdzdi qtd ti nd}ahvobhdi~c }h"ghac}c |cnzâo omdadzoz da |zcmd}c!otbdi~oinc da zhd}gc nd ti ~dzzd"bc~c iczboa o ao} |cmo} }dboio}c bd}d} nd òjdz}d nd~dm~onc tic}hadimhc}c)

ôbjhèi di c~zo} |oz~d} nda btinc}d d}~ïi zd|aoi~doinc ao} |zdnhm"mhcid} }â}bhmo} o zoâv nda nd}mt"jzhbhdi~c nd ac} ~dbjaczd} }hadi"

mhc}c}) ]d mzdd qtd mhdz~o} zdghcid}nd Fo|ýi! |zýphbo} o ao} aaobono}‑aogtio} }â}bhmo}‒ „vcio} ncindac} ~dzzdbc~c} iczboad} }ci bdic}ezdmtdi~d} nd ac qtd mojzâo d}|dzoz!~zo~ïinc}d nd zdghcid} nd ic~czhoom~huhnon }â}bhmo„! mczzdi ti }d"zhc |dahgzc nd mciuta}hcid} nd}"~ztm~czo}) \dzc }h ao ~di}hýi }d òhnc zdaofoinc di da nd}ahvobhdi~c|oz}hbcihc}c nd ao} eoaao}! }hi qtdionhd ac onuhz~hdzo! da |dahgzc zdoa|tdnd }dz jo}~oi~d bdicz nd ac d}"|dzonc) Nd bcnc oiïacgc! mtoinc}d nd}mtjzd ti nd}ahvobhdi~c o}â oac aozgc nd eoaao} mci}hndzono} o}~oda bcbdi~c hiom~huo}! }dzï |zdmh}c

o~dindz o ~oad} d}~ztm~tzo} |ozo nd"~dzbhioz }h |tdndi nd}ozzcaaoz }dâ}"bc} uhcadi~c})

]h }d mcb|zcjozo di da et~tzc qtdac} ~dzzdbc~c} }hadimhc}c} mci}~h~t"xdi ti zo}gc mcböi nd ao boxczâond ao} gzoind} eoaao}! òjzâo qtdzduh}oz ~dczâo} xo btx o}di~ono} }c"jzd da czhgdi nd ac} bcuhbhdi~c}}â}bhmc}) Ao gzoi `d~dzcgdidhnonqtd |zd}di~oi ao} udacmhnond} ndnd}ahvobhdi~c nd ao} eoaao} |aoi~doti zd~c o qthdid} ojcznoi d}~c} |zc"md}c} bdnhoi~d adxd} eâ}hmo} etino"bdi~oad}) ]d onbh~d! |cz dfdb|ac!qtd da iöbdzc x ao hi~di}hnon ndac} ~dzzdbc~c} cjdndmdi tio }dimh"aao adx nd zcvobhdi~c) ³Dp|ahmozâoè}~o ~objhèi ac} ~dbjaczd} }hadi"mhc}c}3 Ic ~didbc} tio zd}|td}~omciuhimdi~d)

Ao hiud}~hgomhýi }cjzd ac} }dâ}"

bc} }hadimhc}c} o|dio} omojo nddb|dvoz) ]ci ediýbdic} }t~had}qtd o|cz~oi tio mcb|zdi}hýi bï}mojoa nd ao} mot}o} x bdmoih}bc}nd ac} nd}ahvobhdi~c} nd ao} eoaao})Itimo }d hi}h}~hzï jo}~oi~d di ao hb"|cz~oimho nd d}~d oiïah}h}! |td}~cqtd ti nd}ahvobhdi~c zï|hnc |zc"ucmozï noÿc} diczbd}! himat}c di|ti~c} btx oadfonc} nd }t czhgdi)Ao zdoahnon nd ac} }dâ}bc} }hadi"mhc}c} ic} cezdmd tio itduo |dz}|dm"~huo }cjzd da |zcmd}c nd nd}ahvo"bhdi~c! oa |dzbh~hz tio hiud}~hgomhýi|czbdiczhvono nd ao} vcio} nd eo"aao di mono d~o|o nda bcuhbhdi~cnd ao bh}bo)


\d~dz Mdzudaah! gdceâ}hmc ncm~czonc |cz ao Tihudz}hnon nd ]~oieczn! hiud}~hgo di daCj}dzuo~czhc Ucamïihmc nd @owoh! on}mzh~c oa ]dzuhmhc nd Hi}|dmmhýi Gdcaýghmo nd ac}D}~onc} Tihnc}) Nd}nd d}~d mdi~zc! o}di~onc di da jcznd nda mzï~dz Khaotdo! nhzhgd tid}~tnhc }cjzd ao ndeczbomhýi nd ao mcz~dvo ~dzzd}~zd6 bdnhoi~d tio zdn nd mo}h mhi"mtdi~o G\]! bhnd ac} ndmahud}! ao} ~di}hcid} x ac} bcuhbhdi~c} nèjhad} qtd }d |zcnt"

mdi di ac} nc} ucamoid} bï} om~huc} nd ao h}ao6 da Botio Aco x da Khaotdo)

]TNNDI O]DH]BHM EOTA^ ]AH\ CI ^@D ]CT^@ EAOIK C E KHAOTDO UCAMOIC! @OWOHH) \d~dz Mdz"udaah! \ota ]dgoaa! Kof Fcì}ci! Bhmòda Ah}cw}kh x O}~o Bhkaht} di Io~tzd! uca) >?4!|ïg}) ?<?>"?<?7; :0 nd edjzdzc! :<<:)

D\H]CNHM ^ZDBC Z O IN ]AH\ CI ^@D MO]MONHO ]TJNTM^HCI VCID6 ^@D M@ O DZ CE ]HADI^

]AH\) Gozzx Zcgdz} x @dzj Nzogdz~ di ]mhdimd! uca) =<<! |ïg}) ?8>:"?8>=; :< nd ft"ihc! :<<=)

GHOI^ AOIN]AHND]! BDGO"^]TIOBH]! OIN \OADC"]DO ADUDA HI ^@D @OWOHHOI H]AOIN]) G) B)BmBtz~zx! \) Wo~~}! G) F) Ezxdz! F) Z) ]bh~` x E) Hbobtzo di Bozhid Gdcacgx ! uca):<=! |ïg}) :?8":==; :<<>)

Da ot~cz

Ac} mciqth}~onczd} d}|oÿcad} ic }ýac }d ~zofd"zci o Dtzc|o }omc} aadic} nd czc x |ao~o) ôbjhèiuhihdzci mci ti boit}mzh~c hatbhionc nd ac}boxo} nda Xtmo~ïi) @cx }d mci}dzuo mcbc tioot~èi~hmo fcxo di ao Jhjahc~dmo zdghcioa nd ]o"

fciho! di ao mhtnon nd Nzd}nd) D}~d ‑Mcndp Nzd}ndi}h}‒o|ozdmhý di Uhdio di da oÿc ?7=8 x etd onqthzhnc |czda di~cimd} nhzdm~cz nd ao Jhjahc~dmo Zdoa nd ]ofciho!Fcòii M`zh}~hoi Gõ~vd)

\ozo qtd }d |tnhd}di dpobhioz mci boxcz eomhahnonao} =8 `cfo} nd |o|da nd mcz~dvo d}mzh~o} |cz ao} nc}mozo} nd qtd }d mcb|ciâo da boit}mzh~c! Dzi}~ W)Eõz}~dboii! nhzdm~cz nd ao jhjahc~dmo! |tjahmý di ?00<ti eom}âbha! cj~dihnc |cz bdnhc nda itduc |zcmdnh"bhdi~c nd ao `dahcgzoeâo) Da bh}bc! mcbc ahigñh}~o!etd nd ac} |zhbdzc} di cmt|oz}d mhdi~âehmobdi~d ndd}~d boit}mzh~c boxo öihmc x di oioahvoz ao} mhezo} xedmò} moadinïzhmo} qtd mci~diâo)

Ao mta~tzo boxo }d nd}ozzcaaý o |oz~hz nda }hgac H cHH o)M) di tio vcio qtd ojozmo ao om~toa |diâi}tao bd"phmoio nd Xtmo~ïi! o}â mcbc |oz~d nd Jdahmd! Gto~dboaoDa ]oauoncz x @cintzo} (uèo}d ao ehgtzo >) O ac aozgc

nd ac} }hgac} }tzghdzci mdi~zc} |caâ~hmc} hind|dinhdi"~d}! mci |hzïbhnd}! ~db|ac}! |oaomhc}! d}~dao}! oa~ozd}x moimò} nd ftdgc nd |dac~o) Di ao mö}|hnd nd ao }c"mhdnon nd mono mdi~zc d}~ojo ti }cjdzoic! qtd aaduo"jo da ~â~tac nd oòw (]dÿcz c \zâimh|d; nd}db|dÿojoetimhcid} |caâ~hmo} x zdahghc}o}) Ao zdaomhýi di~zd |caâ"~hmo! zdahghýi! uh}hýi nda btinc! moadinozhc x o}~zcic"bâo dzo btx d}~zdmò; ic d} nd dp~zoÿoz qtd btmò}mci}~ztmmhcid} d}~tuhd}di czhdi~ono} òmho ediýbdic}o}~zciýbhmc} |dzhýnhmc}) Di ao} mhtnond} nd ^hkoa xnd Topom~öi òx aâido} nd bhzo di~zd ac} ~db|ac} qtd}dÿoaoi da cz~c }caoz di ac} dqthicmmhc} nd |zhboudzox nd c~cÿc)

]ýac mto~zc boit}mzh~c} boxo}

Ac} boxo} oic~ozci }t} cj}dzuomhcid} o}~zciýbhmo}di itbdzc}c} ahjzc}! qtd mciedmmhciojoi mci |ahdgc}nd |o|da nd mcz~dvo nd ïzjca) Nonc qtd da bo~dzhoa dzo|dzdmdndzc! mci~hitobdi~d }d hjoi d}mzhjhdinc nt|ah"monc}) Ac} nd}mtjzhnczd} d}|oÿcad} ojaozci nd ao dph}"~dimho nd mo}o} nd ahjzc}! di ao} mtoad}! mcbc di ao}om~toad} jhjahc~dmo}! d}~ojoi nd|c}h~onc} ac} boit}"mzh~c}) ]dgöi daac}! dzoi ~d}~hbcihc} nd }t|dz}~hmhcid}|dahgzc}o} x ndjâoi }dz qtdbonc}) ]ýac mto~zc mýnh"md} boxo} }d }oauozci) ^zd} nd daac} zdmhjdi da icb"jzd nd }t} om~toad} atgozd} nd nd|ý}h~c6 Nzd}nd! \ozâ}x Bonzhn) Da mtoz~c! da mýnhmd Gzcahdz! ic }d nd}mt"jzhý ò}~o da }hgac PP; ndjd }t icbjzd oa Matj Gzcahdznd Itduo Xczk! ncind }d dp|t}c |cz |zhbdzo udv)

@cx di nâo }d |tdnd nd}mhezoz x addz mo}h |cz mcb"|ad~c ao |dmtahoz d}mzh~tzo fdzcgaâehmo nd ac} boxo}!|dzc òmd mhdi oÿc}! mtoinc }d db|dvojo o d}~tnhozao!}ýac }d mcicmâoi ac} }hgic} nda moadinozhc x nda }h}"~dbo itbèzhmc) Ac} boxo} mci~ojoi mci da }h}~dbouhgd}hboa! d} ndmhz! nd udhi~d di udhi~d! x mcbc mc"

icmâoi da mdzc x t~hahvojoi ti }h}~dbo nd uoaczd} nd|c}hmhýi! |cnâoi òmdz mïamtac} mci moi~hnond} gzoi"nâ}hbo}) Ao} ~ojao} o}~zciýbhmo} nda mýnhmd nd Nzd}ndmci~hdidi edmò} x mïamtac} }cjzd Udit}! Boz~d! aoAtio! da ]ca! oagtio} d}~zdaao} x dmah|}d} }caozd}) \czdaac! zd|zd}di~o ao etdi~d bï} hb|cz~oi~d nd ao o}~zc"icbâo boxo)

Eõz}~dboii òjâo mcb|zdinhnc xo qtd ao} ~ojao}nd ao} |ïghio} :> x nd ao >5 o ao 4< hinhmoi ac} bc"bdi~c} di qtd Udit} zd}ta~o uh}hjad x di ac} qtd ic(uèo}d ao ehgtzo ?) Ac} }omdznc~d} boxo} }ojâoi qtdda |aoid~o qtd tio} udmd} udâoi mcbc D}~zdaao nd aoôznd di da cd}~d nda mhdac x c~zo} mcbc D}~zdaao nd

Da dihgbo

nda moadinozhcboxoDa mýnhmd nd Nzd}nd |cnzâo di}dÿozic} ao eczbo nd mcimcznoz

da moadinozhc boxo mci da itd}~zc

Oinzdo} Eta}

ao Boÿoio di da d}~d cmt|o mono 40>nâo} ao bh}bo |c}hmhýi di da ehz"bobdi~c mci zd}|dm~c oa ]ca; |czdfdb|ac! ao |c}hmhýi dp~zdbo di dad}~d mci zd}|dm~c oa nh}mc }caoz) Daucmojtaozhc bcndzic aaobo o d}~d|dzâcnc ‑~hdb|c }hiýnhmc nd zduc"atmhýi nd Udit}‒) Mhimc ýzjh~o}mdad}~d} nd Udit} ntzoi :8:< nâo}!dpom~obdi~d da ým~t|ac nd ti oÿc}caoz nd =54 nâo})

Da }h}~dbo mâmahmcnda moadinozhcDi mono tio nd ao} mhimc |ïghio}nd ao ~ojao nd Udit}! }d nd}mzhjdtio ýzjh~o nda |aoid~o fti~c mci ac}no~c} mczzd}|cinhdi~d} di da moadi"nozhc }caoz nd =54 nâo}! da @ooj)\ozo òmdz mchimhnhz ao ~ojao ndUdit} mci da ^vcak‘hi! moadinozhczdahghc}c nd :5< nâo}! }d oaozgý ao~ojao ò}~o 54 ýzjh~o} nd Udit})Nd}|tè} nd d}~d ao|}c nd ~hdb|c nd

=7)85< nâo}! da mhmac nd Udit} mchi"mhnâo nd itduc mci objc} mhmac}moadinïzhmc} x ao ~ojao |cnâo mc"bdivoz nd itduc (=7)85< 2 54 ×

× 40> 2 ?<> × =54 2 ?>5 × :5<)Nd ~cnc} bcnc}! da mhmac bdnhc

nd Udit} ic ntzo dpom~obdi~d 40>nâo}! }hic qtd d} <!<0 nâo} bï} mcz~c)\cz daac! di |dzâcnc} aozgc} uozho"joi ao} edmò} mci~dihno} di ao} ~o"jao} nd Udit})

\ozo ic ~didz qtd mobjhoz ao} ed"mò} nda ^vcak‘hi! ac} boxo} zd"

mtzzhdzci o ti ~ztmc gdihoa6 jt}mo"zci ti |dzâcnc nd ~hdb|c qtd etdzoti böa~h|ac nd :5< nâo} x oa bh}bc~hdb|c tic} nâo} bï} mcz~c qtd tiböa~h|ac nd ac} 40> nâo} qtd ntzoda |dzâcnc zdncindonc nd ao zduc"atmhýi }hiýnhmo nd Udit}) D}~c}|dzâcnc} mczzdghnc} d}~ïi oic~onc}di da mýnhmd nd Nzd}nd |ozo |cndzòmdz da mýb|t~c nd}nd ao edmò ndmcbhdivc nd ao ~ojao nd Udit}) (_tddi ao ic~omhýi òjh~toa }d d}mzhjd8)8)8)?5)<! ? Oòw ?0 K‘oxoj! ncindao} mhezo} mczzd}|cindi o ao zd|zd"}di~omhýi di da aaobonc mýb|t~caozgc! di da mtoa ac} nâo} }d mtdi"~oi }tmd}huobdi~d bdnhoi~d ti }h}"

~dbo uhgd}hboa; ao c~zo |oz~d hinhmoao edmò ~oa x mcbc uhdid nono dida moadinozhc @ooj#^vcak‘hi)

Oidfo o ao ~ojao nd Udit} di"mci~zobc} di da mýnhmd nd Nzd}ndtio ~ojao nd dmah|}d}! mtxo} 58 ed"mò} mcimtdznoi mci ac} hi~dzuoac}di qtd dzo |c}hjad ti dmah|}d nd]ca (uèo}d ao ehgtzo :) Ao udznond} qtd ac} boxo} ic |cnâoi moamt"aoz mci oi~daomhýi }h }d cj}dzuozâozdoabdi~d ti dmah|}d }caoz di }t~dzzh~czhc) \dzc }â }ojâoi qtd }ýac

|cnâo òjdz tic mono }dh} bd}d} xmtoinc ao atio itduo }d òaaojo}tehmhdi~dbdi~d mdzmo nd tic nd ac}nc} icnc} atiozd}! d} ndmhz! nd ac}|ti~c} nd hi~dz}dmmhýi nd ao ýzjh~oatioz x ao ýzjh~o }caoz (ao dmaâ|"~hmo) Nonc qtd }dh} bd}d} }hiýnh"mc}! c atiozd} (?77!?0 nâo}! }ci oagcbï} aozgc} qtd da bdnhc oÿc dmaâ|"~hmc (?7=!=? nâo} ~zo} da mtoa daoahidobhdi~c nda ]ca mci ac} icnc}atiozd} }d zd|h~d! òjâo qtd hi~zc"ntmhz nd ~hdb|c di ~hdb|c ti hi"~dzuoac di~zd |c}hjad} dmah|}d} bï}jzdud! nd mhimc bd}d})

]d zd}oa~oi di ao ~ojao d}~c} hi"~dzuoac} bï} jzdud} bdnhoi~d ehgt"

zo} qtd zd|zd}di~oi ao btdz~d nd ao fcudi nhc}o Atio c oa nhc} nd aobtdz~d! c mci da ~â|hmc gahec nd ac}dmah|}d} „bdnhc hatbhionc! bdnhcc}mtzc! mci da }âbjcac nda ]ca dida mdi~zc„) Ao o|ozhmhýi nd d}~dgahec di c~zo} hi}mzh|mhcid} hintmdo |di}oz qtd }hbjcahvojo da |o}cnda ]ca nd ao vcio nd ao uhno o aond ao c}mtzhnon x nd ao btdz~d (uèo}dao ehgtzo =)

Ac} hiud}~hgonczd} nd ao mta~tzoboxo nd}mtjzhdzci ~objhèi da bh}bc


?) DA MCNHMD ND NZD]ND d} ao etdi~d bï} hb|cz~oi~d nd ao o}~zcicbâo boxo)Ao ôjao nd Udit} nd d}~d boit}mzh~c hatbhionc |zc|czmhcio ao uh}hjhahnon nd Udit}mcbc ‑D}~zdaao bo~t~hio‒ x ‑D}~zdaao nd ao ~oznd‒) Tio |ïghio (o ao hvqthdzno

nd ao ec~c mci~hdid ~ojao} nd mczzdmmhýi; ao} c~zo} mhimc nd}mzhjdi zd}|dm~huobdi~dti mhmac nd uh}hjhahnon „tio ýzjh~o }hiýnhmo„ nd Udit} di da mhdac)

D Z I ] ^ W ) E Õ Z ] ^ D B O I I ! O N O \ ^ O N C

\ C Z

O I N Z D O ] E T A ]

}h}~dbo nd moadinozhc nda mýnhmd ndNzd}nd di hi}mzh|mhcid} d}mta|hno}di nhudz}c} bcitbdi~c} bdgoaâ~h"mc}) Eõz}~boii mcb|zcjý qtd ac}boxo} t~hahvojoi ti mýb|t~c mci"~hitc nd ac} nâo}; `cx ac aaobobc}‑mýb|t~c aozgc‒) Ac} boxo} |cnâoi!gzomho} o d}~o bdnhno nda ~hdb|c!d}~ojadmdz da nâo dpom~c nd ac} nh"edzdi~d} }tmd}c} x ediýbdic} md"

ad}~d}6 mcbc edmò hihmhoa öihmo }d~cbojo ao öa~hbo mzdomhýi bh~caý"ghmo nda btinc)

Ao mzcicacgâo d}~ïinoz\dzc! ³mci qtè edmò nda moadino"zhc mzh}~hoic mchimhnâo ao edmò hih"mhoa nda mýb|t~c aozgc3 D}~o etd tiond ao} bï} hi~dzd}oi~d} |zdgti~o}qtd }d `hmhdzci ac} hiud}~hgonczd}nd ao mta~tzo boxo; nd tio zd}|td}~oehojad nd|dinâo ondbï} ao no~omhýind nhmò mhuhahvomhýi)

Fc}d|` Gccnboi (?0=0”?8?7! |d"zhcnh}~o x db|zd}ozhc! etd da |zhbd"zc qtd! ehfoinc ao edmò nd hihmhcnda mýb|t~c aozgc di da moadinozhcmzh}~hoic! }h~tý ao `h}~czho boxo diti bozmc ~db|czoa oj}cat~c) Mcb"|ozoinc mzýihmo} d}|oÿcao} x ndaXtmo~ïi nd ac} }hgac} PUH oa PUHHH

mci da moadinozhc boxo! d}~ojadmhýdi ?8<4 da = nd }d|~hdbjzd nd=??> o)M) mcbc edmò hihmhoa nda

mýb|t~c aozgc (~cno} ao} edmò} oi"~dzhczd} o ?40: }d nozïi mcieczbdoa moadinozhc ftahoic)

Da o}~zýicbc bdphmoic Ftoi

Boz~âidv nd}|aový di ?8:5 d}~omczzdaomhýi ti nâo) Di ?8:7! da higaè}F) Dzhm ]) ^`cb|}ci mczzhghý ehioa"bdi~d c~zc} mto~zc nâo}! zd}ta~oincao edmò nd 0 nd }d|~hdbjzd nd=??> o)M)! o ehi nd ono|~oz ao dnonnd ao atio „da iöbdzc nd nâo} ~zoi}"mtzzhnc} nd}nd ao öa~hbo atioitduo„ o ao} }dzhd} atiozd} nd}mh"ezono} di~zd ~oi~c; òjâoi }hnc nd}"mtjhdz~o} di nhudz}o} d}~dao})

]d mci}hndzo d}~d 0 nd }d|~hdb"jzd nd =??> o)M) „mcicmhnc gdid"zoabdi~d mcbc Mczzdaomhýi GB^!}dgöi ao} hihmhoad} nd ac} ~zd} hi"ud}~hgonczd}„ mcbc edmò hihmhoanda mýb|t~c aozgc) ]d ò t~hahvoncò}~o `cx mcbc mzcicacgâo d}~ïinoz)

Di~zd d}~o mtdi~o nd ac} nâo} x aomtdi~o ftahoio qtd da `caoinè} Fc}d|`Ft}~t} D}moaâgdzc (?4><"?5<8 hi~zc"ntfc mci ehid} o}~zciýbhmc} x qtd}tbo ac} nâo} ~zoi}mtzzhnc} nd}ndda ? nd didzc nd >7?= o)M)! zd}ta~o

tio nhedzdimho nd 40>):04 nâo}) D}~omhezo zdmhjd da icbjzd nd ‑mci}~oi~dnd mczzdaomhýi‒ di~zd da mýb|t~caozgc x itd}~zc bcndzic }h}~dbo

nd moadinozhc)

Da |dzâcnc maï}hmcnd ao mta~tzo boxoMci ao mzcicacgâo d}~ïinoz }d |td"ndi mciudz~hz ao} edmò} nda mýb"|t~c aozgc! dimci~zono} di nhudz}o}hi}mzh|mhcid} boxo}! di ao} mczzd}"|cinhdi~d} nd itd}~zc moadinozhc bc"ndzic) Da |dzâcnc maï}hmc nd ao mta"~tzo boxo }d }h~tozâo di ti hi~dzuoac~db|czoa qtd hzâo nd}nd da oÿc=<< n)M) ò}~o da 0=<! o|zcphbono"bdi~d! x da |c}maï}hmc! di~zd da ??<<x ao aadgono nd ac} d}|oÿcad}) Ac}}dgthnczd} nd ao mzcicacgâo d}~ïi"noz noi |cz }di~onc qtd di~zd da|dzâcnc maï}hmc x da ncbhihc d}|oÿcaic `tjc ihigtio zdeczbo nda mo"adinozhc)

]hi dbjozgc! ic d} nd nd}moz~ozqtd ao} `tjhd}d o mci}dmtdimho ndac} mobjhc} zonhmoad} qtd! }hi ntno!cmtzzhdzci di ao }cmhdnon x di aomta~tzo) ôbjhèi mojd ndi~zc nd achboghiojad qtd `tjhdzo eoaac} ndmczzd}|cindimho di ac} ncmtbdi~c}

nd ac} }hgac} PUH oa PUHHH) Di mtoa"qthdz mo}c! d}~o} etdi~d} nda |dzâcncmcacihoa }d mci~zonhmdi |ozmhoabdi~d!di ao|}c} nd oagtic} nâo} c himat}cnd oÿc}) Ao mczzdaomhýi GB^ }d jo}oöihmobdi~d di ao Zdaomhýi nda cjh}|cNhdgc nd Aoino! d}mzh~o òmho da?455! x di ao öihmo |ïghio mci}dz"uono nd ao Mzýihmo nd Cpmt~voj! ndaoÿc ?504)

@tjc qtd ojcznoz atdgc ao mci"mcznoimho nd ao} etdi~d} mcacihoad}mci ac} no~c} nda |dzâcnc maï}hmc)


:) AO ÔJAO ND DMAH\]D] nda mýnhmd nd Nzd}nd nd}mzhjd 58 mhmac} nd dmah|}d}) Ojozmo!|cz mci}hgthdi~d! ??)85< nâo}! tic} == oÿc}) Ao} ehgtzo} (gahec} mci zd|zd}di~omhcid}nd nhc}d} }d hi}dz~oi ~zo} tic} hi~dzuoac} bï} jzdud}! nd mhimc bd}d}! qtd }hzudi ndoft}~d moadinïzhmc)

D Z I ] ^ W ) E Õ Z ] ^ D B O I I ! O N O \ ^ O N C

\ C Z


▬ Ac} boxo} t~hahvozci ti mcb|ahmonc }h}~dbo nd moadinozhc! mci ~zd}mhmac} hi~dzmcidm~onc}! qtd tiâoi ediýbdic} o}~zciýbhmc} d hndo}zdahghc}o})

▬ Ic }d ò zd}tda~c nd boidzo mcimatxdi~d ao mczzd}|cindimho di~zdao} edmò} nda moadinozhc boxo x da mýb|t~c bcndzic nda ~hdb|c) ]dò d}~ojadmhnc tio mzcicacgâo boxo d}~ïinoz! |dzc |zd}di~o btmò}nh}mzd|oimho} mci ac} ediýbdic} |dzhýnhmc} bï} mcicmhnc} nd ac}mtdz|c} mdad}~d})

▬ Ti oiïah}h} nd ao} edmò} qtd o|ozdmdi di da mýnhmd nd Nzd}nd x dinhudz}o} hi}mzh|mhcid} |zc|czmhciý tio mczzdaomhýi di~zd da moadinozhcboxo x da bcndzic qtd }d o|oz~o nd ao mzcicacgâo d}~ïinoz tic}:<0 oÿc}) ]dgöi d}~c! ao D|cmo Maï}hmo boxo }d zd~zo}ozâo nda}hgac HP oa }hgac PH n)M)

Zd}tbdi#Ao mzcicacgâo boxo

O}â! mtoinc ^`cb|}ci oft}~ý aomczzdaomhýi GB^ o ao dnon atioz!`tjc nd hi~zcntmhz tio nd}uhomhýimci zd}|dm~c o ao} etdi~d} mcaciho"ad}) \cz daac |tjahmý di ?84< nc}mczzdaomhcid} nhedzdi~d}! ao GB^|ozo ao è|cmo maï}hmo x ao GB^:|ozo ao è|cmo mcacihoa! bcnhehmonodi nc} nâo}) Etinobdi~ý d}~o oa~d"zomhýi di ti mobjhc nda bcnc ndmcb|t~oz ac} nâo})

³Mtïa d} ao mci}~oi~dnd mczzdaomhýi uïahno3\dzc ao mci~zonhmmhýi d} oöi boxcz)Mtoinc da ozqtdýacgc icz~dobdzh"moic ]xauoit} G) Bczadx hi~dz|zd~ýao Mzýihmo nd Cpmt~vmoj! mcacmý~cnc} ac} hihmhc} nd oÿc oa ehioa ndaoÿc |zdmdndi~d! otiqtd ao Mzýihmono |ozo mono edmò nda ^vcak‘hi }tmczzd}|cinhdi~d |zhbdz nâo nd @ooj

mcbc mcbhdivc nda oÿc) ]hi ao omd|"~omhýi ~ïmh~o nd }t hi~dz|zd~omhýidzzýido! ^`cb|}ci `tjhdzo |cnhncboi~didz tio mczzdaomhýi mci =5>nâo} bï}! d} ndmhz! tio mci}~oi~d ndmczzdaomhýi nd 40>)5>8) D}~d uoaczic }d ono|~ozâo o ao ~ojao nd Udit}nda mýnhmd nd Nzd}nd (=>5 nâo} ndnd}uhomhýi ih ~ob|cmc o ao} hi}"mzh|mhcid} di qtd }d no ao dnon ndao atio (8 nâo} nd uozhomhýi)

Ac} ozqtdco}~zýicbc} boihehd}~oi}t} ntno} omdzmo nd ao mzcicacgâod}~ïinoz! xo qtd mci daao }ýac ao bh"~on nd ao} edmò} nd dmah|}d} zdmcgh"no} di da mýnhmd nd Nzd}nd mchimh"ndi mci oagtio edmò di qtd zdoabdi~d|tnc cj}dzuoz}d di oagöi atgoz ndabtinc ti dmah|}d nd ]ca) Ao mzcic"acgâo d}~ïinoz ~ob|cmc |zc|czmhcioihigtio mchimhndimho }o~h}eom~czho mciac} ediýbdic} o}~zciýbhmc} mh~onc}di ao} hi}mzh|mhcid} nd nhudz}o} d}"~dao} x mci}~ztmmhcid} boxo}! ~oa xmcbc ndbc}~zý da ozqtdýacgc Nouhn@) Kdaadx)

]hi dbjozgc! ~oad} hi}mzh|mhcid}

}ci nd |oz~hmtaoz uoacz mtoinc ac}moadinozhc} x ao} aâido} nd bhzo hi"nhmoi da bh}bc ediýbdic o}~zciý"bhmc x mciehzboi! |td}! ao hi~dz"|zd~omhýi o}~zciýbhmo) Di ^hmoa xdi Topom~öi ac} boxo} oic~ozci! fti~c o ao} aâido} nd bhzo nda ]ca!|ozd} nd edmò} }d|ozono} |cz böa"~h|ac} nd oÿc ~zý|hmc) (Ti oÿc ~zý"|hmc c oÿc }caoz mczzd}|cind o=54!:>:?8 nâo} }caozd} bdnhc}! d}ndmhz! da ~hdb|c di~zd nc} |o}c} mci"}dmt~huc} nda ]ca bdnhc „oj}~zom"

mhýi qtd mczzhgd ao} uozhomhcid} ndudacmhnon nda ]ca o ac aozgc nd aodmaâ|~hmo„ |cz da dqthicmmhc nd |zh"boudzo! c |ti~c nd hi~dz}dmmhýi ndao dmaâ|~hmo mci da dmtoncz mdad}~d)Fti~c mci c~zc} |ozd} nd edmò} ndmoadinozhc nd c~zc} atgozd}! zd}ta"~oi mto~zc gzt|c} nd edmò} }d|o"zono} mono tio |cz ti mtoz~c nd oÿc)Nd daac mojd hiedzhz qtd d}o} ed"mò} modi di ao} mto~zc d}~omhcid}nda ]ca o ac aozgc nda oÿc6 ac} dqth"icmmhc} x ac} }ca}~hmhc}) Mci ~cnc!ao} edmò} }d o|oz~oi nd ao mzcic"acgâo d}~ïinoz tic} >4 nâo}! ~oa mcbcmcimatxý Kdaadx)

Di |zhimh|hc! ao} himcigztdimho}nd ao mzcicacgâo d}~ïinoz „x d}"|dmhoabdi~d nda ~zo}aonc nd ao} ed"mò} nono} di ao} etdi~d} mcaciho"ad} o ao è|cmo maï}hmo nd ac} boxo}„ic }d |tdndi }c}aoxoz; }d ~hdidi di

mtdi~o |ozo ao no~omhýi ao} hi}mzh|"mhcid} nda |dzâcnc maï}hmc)

\dzc! ~objhèi ao} hi}mzh|mhcid} |zd"}di~oi |zcjadbo}) Mcbc |o}c }h"gthdi~d òx qtd |zdgti~oz}d }h mci"

~hdidi zdoabdi~d tio hieczbomhýio}~zciýbhmo jo}ono di cj}dzuomhc"id}) Mcbc ac} boxo} ic nh}~higtâoidi~zd o}~zcicbâo x o}~zcacgâo! }d di"~zdbdvmaoi ao} nd}mzh|mhcid} nd ediý"bdic} mdad}~d} mci mcimd|~c} zdah"ghc}c})

Ondbï}! ac} }tmd}c} o}~zciýbh"mc} ic cezdmdi edmò} hidqtâucmo}!xo qtd mono mci}~daomhýi |aoid~ozhozdgzd}o |dzhýnhmobdi~d) ]ýac bd"nhoi~d ao mcbjhiomhýi nd nhudz}c}}tmd}c} o}~zciýbhmc} }d |tdnd nd"mhnhz o qtè mczzd}|cinâo ao edmòoic~ono di da moadinozhc boxo) Dao}~zýicbc Mòzad} @) ]bhadx ~cbýo}â di ?874 ti dmah|}d }caoz uh}hjadmcbc edmò hihmhoa nd ao ~ojao ndUdit}; }h~tý nd d}o boidzo ao mc"zzdaomhýi di da : nd ftahc nda oÿc==>> o)M) (mci tio mci}~oi~d nd mc"zzdaomhýi nd >0:)5=8) Botn W)

Bokdb}ci }d uoahý di ?8>5 nd tiomcbjhiomhýi d}|dmhoa nd nc} dmah|"}d} }caozd} x tic atioz di ti |dzâcncnd ~zdhi~o nâo} |ozo nd~dzbhioz aomczzdaomhýi; cj~tuc tio mci}~oi~dnd >08)?=0)

\dzc ihigtio nd d}~o} |zc|td}~o}}d ono|~ojo o ac} icnc} atiozd}!d}~ojadmhnc} di ?8=< |cz Fcì dd|ad!nd tio boidzo qtd ic nd|dinhd}dnd ao mczzdaomhýi! o |oz~hz nd ao} ed"mò} nd dmah|}d} nda mýnhmd nd Nzd}"nd) ôi |cmc }o~h}eom~czho mcbc aomczzdaomhýi nd ]bhadx x nd Bokdb"}ci d} ao |zc|td}~o di ?87= |czIoimx K) Cwdi! qtd }d jo}o ditio }dzhd nd dmah|}d} nd ]ca! |dzcnd ao qtd zd}ta~o ao atio aadio diatgoz nd ao atio itduo qtd }d d}"|dzojo) Nobhoi Kzdhm`gotdz d}~o"jadmhý tio mczzdaomhýi di ?8:7 qtd}d ono|~ojo o ao} eo}d} nd Udit} xnd ao Atio; |zd}di~ojo! }hi dbjozgc!ti nd}oft}~d nd cimd nâo} mci ac}icnc} atiozd})

\zhbdz |o}c6

hndi~hehmoz ac} omci~dmhbhdi~c}o}~zciýbhmc}@o}~o da bcbdi~c }d òi |zc|td}~c}dh} mczzdaomhcid} jo}ono} di etdi"~d} mcacihoad} x ?0! mcbc bâihbc!o |oz~hz nd mïamtac} o}~zciýbhmc} cnd c~zc ~h|c) D}~o nhudz}hnon boih"ehd}~o ac nheâmha qtd d} dfdmt~oz timïamtac ahjzd nd mci~zonhmmhcid} xmtb|ahz }hbta~ïidobdi~d ~cnc} ac}mzh~dzhc} mcicmhnc})

\cz daac! mciedmmhciè! fti~c mciJzxoi Wdaa}! d|hgzoeh}~o nd ao Tih"


=) DI D]^D GAHEC nd dmah|}d} nda mýnhmdnd Nzd}nd }d zd|zd}di~o tio }dz|hdi~dmci ao} eotmd} ojhdz~o}) D

Z I ] ^ W ) E Õ Z ] ^ D B O I I ! O N O \ ^ O N C

\ C Z

MCBC ]D EDM@O AO MZCICACGHO BOXO

AC] BOXO] ic uhuhdzci di da uomâc)

Da bcuhbhdi~c o|ozdi~d nd ac} mtdz"

|c} mdad}~d} hieatâo di }t uhno! di

ao} gtdzzo}! ao} oahoivo} bo~zhbciho"

ad} mci ac} |tdjac} udmhic} c da mc"

bdzmhc nd cj}hnhoio mci ao bd}d~o

nd Gto~dboao) Ao} zdaomhcid} nd ao

mta~tzo boxo mci da ‑btinc dp~dzhcz‒

eomhah~oi nh}~hi~c} bè~cnc} nd no~o"

mhýi! o ac} qtd |cndbc} zdmtzzhz

|ozo mci~zo}~oz ao mzcicacgâo boxo)

NOÔMHCI BDNHOI^D

AO CJ]HNHOIO ND MC\OI)

Ao cj}hnhoio! ti ~h|c nd |dndzioa!

etd di da |dzâcnc boxo maï}hmc ti

oz~âmtac btx nhetinhnc) ^cnc} ac}

d}~zo~c} nd ao |cjaomhýi eojzhmojoi

}t} ozbo} x t~di}hahc} mci èa; tio

udv t~hahvono! }d ao nd}dmòjo) Da

~hdb|c qtd ao cj}hnhoio aadud di ao

~hdzzo }d |tdnd nd~dzbhioz |cz dagzc}cz nd ao mo|o nd `hnzo~omhýi di

}t }t|dzehmhd) Mci daac }d |tdnd

}ojdz ao moi~hnon nd cj}hnhoio t~hah"

vono o ~zouè} nda ~hdb|c x ndntmhz

ao ducatmhýi nd ao ndi}hnon nd |c"

jaomhýi)

Di ao mhtnon boxo nd Mc|ïi mzd"

mhý ao ndi}hnon nd |cjaomhýi nd}nd

da 4<< n)M)! oamoivý di~zd da 0<< x

da ?<<< n)M) }t bïphbc x atdgc nd"

mzdmhý zï|hnobdi~d) Da zd~zcmd}c nd"

bcgzïehmc ~tuc atgoz tic} :<< oÿc}

bï} ~oznd nd ac qtd }d ndntmhzâo

nd ao mczzdaomhýi GB^! xo qtdao öa~hbo hi}mzh|mhýi di Mc|ïi

(8)?8)??)?>)4 |dz~didmd! }dgöi ao

mzcicacgâo d}~ïinoz! oa oÿc 0:: n)M)

D}d bcitbdi~c! mtxc ncz}c qtdný

himcb|ad~c! nd}mzhjd ao }tjhno oa

~zcic nda öa~hbc }cjdzoic nd Mc|ïi)

]dgöi ao itduo mzcicacgâo nd Wdaa}

x nd Eta}! cmtzzhý da ?8 nd nhmhdb"

jzd nd ?<:8 n)M)! ac mtoa mchimhnd

mci ao moâno ndbcgzïehmo x da ojoi"

ncic nd ao mhtnon nd Mc|ïi)

N d i } h n o n n d | c j a o m h ý i

Oÿc} n)M)

><< 5<< 0<< ?<<< ?:<<

Nd}ozzcaac ndbcgzïehmcdi Mc|ïi

Iöbdzc nd oaaovgc}nd cj}hnhoio

Iöbdzcnd bcitbdi~c}

MCIÔM^C] BHP^DMO]) Ntzoi~d da

|dzâcnc maï}hmc ~oznâc `tjc itbdzc}c}mci~om~c} di~zd ac} boxo} x }t} udmh"

ic} nd Bèphmc mdi~zoa! ac} bhp~dmo})

Da omci~dmhbhdi~c qtd bdfcz }d |tdnd

edmòz d} ao uh}h~o nda icjad = Bcic}

o Mc|ïi; }dgöi mci}~o di ao d}~dao O!

cmtzzhý da 8)?>)?8)4)< (GB^6 ? nd nh"

mhdbjzd nd 7=< n)M; Wdaa}”Eta}6 ?= nd

cm~tjzd nd 8=0 n)M) (hat}~zomhýi nd bï}

ozzhjo ) = Bcic} aadgý d}d nâo o Mc|ïi!

o ao dnon nd ?5 oÿc}! |ozo aaduoz!

mcbc hi~dzbdnhozhc bo~zhbcihoa! tio

btfdz o Pcm`hmoamc (di ao zdghýi mdi"

~zoa nd Bèphmc! mdzmo nd Mtdziouomo)

: ^dzzdbc~c}! }cjdzoic di d}~o }d"gtino mhtnon! d~dzihvý oqtda uâimtac

bo~zhbcihoa bdnhoi~d tio hi}mzh|mhýi

di Pcm`hmoamc mtxo edmò! da oÿc nd >

Ahdjzd} (hat}~zomhýi nd ozzhjo ! mczzd}"

|cind oa bh}bc oÿc 8=0 n)M) qtd da

8)?>)?8)4)< moamtaonc |cz ao mzcicacgâo

nd Wdaa}”Eta} (~ojao hiedzhcz ) Ao hi"

~zcntmmhýi nda icbjzd nd = Bcic} d}

|cz ~oi~c btx }hgihehmo~huo! xo qtd di

~cno ao gdidoacgâo bhp~dmo }ýac }d nhc

tio |dz}cio nda gèidzc bo}mtahic mci

d}d icbjzd)

> nd Oòw ?0 nd Btwoi(8)?>)?8)4)<

= Bcic}! }dÿcz nda atgoznd ac} ftimc}

= Bcic} |cz |zhbdzo udvdi da atgoz nd ac} ~db|ac}nd Bomow (Mc|ïi

Di~cimd} aaduo èatio |dz}cio (ao btfdzo Pcm`hmoamc

Icbjzd nd btfdz!bdnhomhýi

Pcm`hmoamc! |oida A:

Mc|ïi! d}~dao O

Oÿc > Ahdjzd}!nâo 5 \hd}

]dÿcz : dzzdbc~c}

Uhno nd = Bcic}

Etdi~d @dm`c Edmò Oÿc

Jcnadx

Mc|ïi

Pcm`hmoamc

It~~oaa

Jcnadx

Jcnadx

Jcno} nd ac} |onzd} x iomhbhdi~c nd = Bcic}

= Bcic} di Mc|ïi mcbc hi~dzbdnhozhc

= Bcic} czgoihvo ao jcno nd : ^dzzdbc~c} mci

tio btfdz nd Mc|ïi

Btdz~d nd = Bcic} x }t} |onzd}

Btdz~d nd = Bcic}

Btdz~d nd ac} |onzd}

? Mcidfc

8)?>)?8)4)<

> Ahdjzd

= Ftimc

?: \dndzioa

5 Ftimc

8:: n)M)

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85: n)M)

87: n)M)

878 n)M)



U H M ^ C Z D ) U H A A O ] D ß C Z

O I N Z D O ] E T A ] ! ] D G T I M C B T I H M O M H C I

\ D Z ] C I O A N D N O U H N @ ) K D A A D X

A H I N

O ] M @ D A A D X \ D ^ D Z B O ^ @ D W ] ! ^ @ D M C N D C E K H I G ] ! ] M Z H J I D Z ! I T D U O X C Z K ? 8 8 0 ! \ O G ) ? 4 7

Udit} di aomczzdaomhýiWdaa}"Eta}

Udi~oio nda ~db|ac ::

D}~dao ?<

:4<c :5<c :7<c :0<c :8<c

:<c

?<c

<c

Ovhbt~

O

a ~ t z o

@czhvci~d

Udit} di ao mczzdaomhýiGB^

DA ^DB\AC ND UDIT] DI MC\OI)

O ~zouè} nd ao d}~zdmò udi~oio nda ~db"

|ac :: nd Mc|ïi }d |cnâo udz di da `c"

zhvci~d cmmhndi~oa ao d}~dao ?<! qtd aad"

uojo gzojono ao edmò 8)??)<)<<) Nc}

nâo} oi~d}! }dgöi ao ~ojao nd Udit}

nda mýnhmd nd Nzd}nd! }d `hvc uh}hjad

Udit} mcbc d}~zdaao nda cmo}c; nonc

qtd ao di~zono nda ~db|ac :: d}~ï oncz"

iono mci }âbjcac} udit}hoic}! }d |td"

nd d}|dzoz ao o|ozhmhýi nd Udit} di

d}o edmò x di d}o udi~oio) ]h }d moa"

mtao ao edmò mci ao mzcicacgâo d}~ïi"

noz (mczzdaomhýi GB^! Udit} ic òjzâo

o|ozdmhnc di~cimd} |cz ao udi~oio)

]hgthdinc ao mzcicacgâo nd}ozzcaaono |cz

Jzxoi Wdaa} x da ot~cz (mczzdaomhýi nd

Wdaa}"Eta}! Udit} o|ozdmhý mcbc d}"

~zdaao nda cmo}c di ao udi~oio da := nd

ogc}~c nd 05< n)M) x }d cmta~ý nhzdm"

~obdi~d ~zo} ao d}~dao)

AO ÔJAO ND BOZ^D

D}~o ~ojao nda boit}mzh~c

boxo nd Nzd}nd mci~hdid }d"

zhd} nd 70< nâo} qtd mczzd}"

|cindi! mo}h dpom~obdi~d! oa

~hdb|c nd ao ýzjh~o }hiýnhmo

nd 778!8> nâo} nda |aoid~oBoz~d) Da d}mo}c zd}~c nd

<!<5 nâo} }tbo! nd}|tè} nd

?8 ýzjh~o}! oazdndncz nd ti

nâo; d}~o mczzdmmhýi |dzhýnhmo

o|ozdmd d}mzh~o ~objhèi di ao

ôjao) Ao} edmò} oa |zhimh|hc

nd d}~o ôjao nd Boz~d modi!

}hgthdinc ao mzcicacgâo nd

Wdaa}"Eta}! di da ?? nd edjzdzc

nd 08? n)M) x da ?< nd didzc

nd ?<<< n)M); di d}c} nâo}

da |aoid~o zcfc d}~ojo mo}h

dpom~obdi~d di c|c}hmhýi oa

]ca x bc}~zojo }t jzhaac bï}

hi~di}c)

ND]OZZCAAC D]^HAH]^HMC ND AO D]MZH^TZO BOXO

Mono gahec nd ao d}mzh~tzo boxo mcicmhý ti nd}ozzcaac mci~hitc nd}nd

da |zhimh|hc nd ao D|cmo Maï}hmo ò}~o da ehioa nd ao \c}maï}hmo)

Da d|hgzoeh}~o Oaeci}c Aomondio Gozmâo"Goaac mci}~o~ý di ?884 qtd ao

ducatmhýi ~db|czoa nd ac} gahec} }d |tdnd zd|zd}di~oz mcbc tio mtzuo

mci}~oi~d; btd}~zo! }hi dbjozgc! ti `ho~c nd :<< oÿc}! }dgöi ao mzcic"

acgâo d}~ïinoz! di~zd da ehioa nda Mao}hmh}bc x da mcbhdivc nda \c}mao"

}hmh}bc) D}~d uomâc nd}o|ozdmd t~hahvoinc ao itduo mzcicacgâo)

AC] ^CA^DMO] DI M@HM@DI H^VO

Ao} edmò} nd M`hm`èi H~vï mtjzdi ti

|dzâcnc `h}~ýzhmc bï} jhdi mcz~c! nd}nd

?<)?)?7)?4)?= ò}~o ?<)0)?<)??)<! qtd

dqthuoad di ao mczzdaomhýi GB^ o ti

ao|}c ~db|czoa qtd uo nda 058 oa

880 n)M) x di ao mczzdaomhýi nd Wdaa}"

Eta} nda ?<74 oa ?:<5 n)M) Ao }cz|zdi"

ndi~d }dbdfoivo nd ao} |hzïbhnd}! moi"

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zd} qtd |cnzâoi mao}hehmoz}d mcbceo}d} nd atio itduo (x di ao} qtdmci}dmtdi~dbdi~d |cnzâo noz}d tidmah|}d! xo qtd da ]ca d}~ojo }teh"mhdi~dbdi~d |zýphbc o tic nd ob"jc} icnc} atiozd} x ~objhèi nc}|c}hjad} edmò} moadinïzhmo} |ozoda mcbhdivc nd ao |zhboudzo) Hiud}"

~hgobc} di~cimd} }h dph}~âo tio mczzd"aomhýi qtd }d ao} ono|~o}d)

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bo~t~hio◃ d} atio itduo◃ da ]ca |o}o |cz ac} icnc}

atiozd}◃ d} da mcbhdivc nd ao |zhboudzo)

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]d}di~o x mhimc oÿc} o~zï}! ^`cb|"}ci `tjhdzo mci}hndzonc qtd omc"bd~dz }dbdfoi~d ~zojofc nd ]â}hecaaduozâo ndbo}honc ~hdb|c! |dzc `cxdi nâo ti czndioncz |tdnd omojozacdi tio `czo) Itd}~zc zd}ta~onc etdbtx hi~dzd}oi~d6 ao} mto~zc mcinh"mhcid} o}~zciýbhmo} d}mcghno} ~hd"idi ti bâihbc mcböi böa~h|ac ndtic} ::>= oÿc}) \cz daac! ao jö}"qtdno }cjzd ti ~c~oa nd ?:<< oÿc}nojo! mcbc bïphbc! ti zd}ta~onc

|ozo mono mcbjhiomhýi nd ao} mci"nhmhcid} nd ao mczzdaomhýi) Nd ao}mhimc mci}~oi~d} nd mczzdaomhýi di"mci~zono}! mto~zc! oa bdic}! }d }h"~tojoi di~zd da =500 x da =><0 o)M)!ac mtoa ondaoi~ozâo ao mta~tzo boxotic} mtoi~c} }hgac}) D}~ozâo di mci"~zonhmmhýi mci ac} oaaovgc} ozqtdc"aýghmc} x ao} mzýihmo} `h}~ýzhmo}! xoqtd di~cimd} da `ho~c di~zd da ehioanda |dzâcnc maï}hmc x da |zhimh|hc nda|c}maï}hmc! qtd }dgöi ao mzcicacgâod}~ïinoz ojozmo di~zd mhdi x nc}"mhdi~c} oÿc}! }d òzâo btm`c bo"xcz) ]ýac ao qthi~o mci}~oi~d nd aomczzdaomhýi! qtd }h~öo ao edmò hih"mhoa nda mýb|t~c aozgc di da oÿc:8<5 o)M)! mcimtdzno mci ac qtd }o"jdbc} nd ao mta~tzo boxo; zd~zo}oda ehioa nd ao mta~tzo boxo maï}hmo:<0 oÿc}! nda }hgac HP oa PH n)M)

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>) AO MHUHAHVOMHCI BOXO}d dp~dinâo |cz tio vcio qtd ojozmojoao |diâi}tao nd Xtmo~ïi di da }tnd}~dnd Bèphmc x ao }dauo nd ac} oa~h|aoic}nd Jdahmd! Gto~dboao! Da ]oauonczx @cintzo}) @omho da ehioa nda \dzâcncMaï}hmc }d bdvmaozci hieatdimho} mdi~zc"bdphmoio} mci ao mta~tzo boxo)

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nd Udit} (40=!8::8 nâo}

id} etd ao qtd ~diâo |cz mci}~oi~d55<):<0 x }h~tojo ao edmò hihmhoanda mýb|t~c aozgc da :? nd ftahcnda :8<5 o)M)

Wdaa} òjâo dimci~zonc xo di?88? ao bh}bo mczzdaomhýi mtoincmcb|ozý ti mýnhmd bhp~dmo nd Uhdiomci ao ~ojao nd Udit} nd Nzd}nd;|dzc ic |tnc di~cimd} ndbc}~zozqtd d}~o mczzdaomhýi etdzo ao öihmoqtd }d ono|~ojo o ~cnc} ac} no~c}o}~zciýbhmc}) ]ýac ò }hnc eom~hjadbdnhoi~d itd}~zc bè~cnc! qtd |ztd"jo }h}~dbï~hmobdi~d mono mcbjh"iomhýi |c}hjad) Nd}nd qtd oitimho"bc} di ?880 ao itduo mczzdaomhýi!`dbc} zdmtzzhnc o c~zc} }h}~dbo} ndmcb|zcjomhýi! himat}c ic o}~zciý"bhmc}! |ozo ehfoz edmò} (uèo}d dazdmtonzc ‑Mýbc }d edmò ao mzc"icacgâo boxo‒) Mcimtdznoi o}cb"jzc}obdi~d jhdi! ndi~zc nd }t zd}"

|dm~huo dpom~h~tn! ac qtd zdoehzboitd}~zo |zc|td}~o nd tio itduo mzc"icacgâo nd ao mta~tzo boxo)

³_tè mci}dmtdimho} }d nd}|zdi"ndi nd daac3 Tio nd ao} mtd}~hcid}zdao~huo} o ao mta~tzo boxo nh}mt~h"no} bï} omoaczonobdi~d d} da |cz"qtè nd ao dp~himhýi }öjh~o! di |cmcbï} nd }d}di~o oÿc}! nd ao mta~tzomaï}hmo nd d}d |tdjac mdi~zcobdzh"moic) @ox nc} ~d}h} c|td}~o}6 tioo~zhjtxd da cmo}c o ac} mobjhc}mahbï~hmc}; ao c~zo! o ao gtdzzo)

Itduo mzcicacgâond ao ndmondimhoBtzoaao} d hi}mzh|mhcid} ndbtd}~zoida himzdbdi~c nd ao} om~huhnond}jèahmo} oa ehioa nd ao è|cmo maï}hmo)Da |cndz nd ac} zdxd} boxo} }d nd}"bczciý x ao} mhtnond} etdzci ojoi"nciono}) Ao |cjaomhýi }d zdntfc oao nèmhbo |oz~d; }d }ojd gzomho} oao no~omhýi nd ac} zd}~c} nd cj}h"nhoio nda uoaad nd Mc|ïi x bdnhoi~dhiud}~hgomhcid} ozqtdcaýghmo} nd ac}xomhbhdi~c} nd \oadiqtd x ^hkoa)

Di Mc|ïi! tio nd ao} mozo} nda öa"~hbc bcitbdi~c qtdný himcb|ad~o!x di Pkh|m`è }d dimci~zozci ao}`dzzobhdi~o} nh}|td}~o} mcbc }h ac}c|dzozhc} `tjhdzoi ~dihnc qtd d}"mo|oz mczzhdinc nd ao mhtnon)

Di ao} zthio} nd ]dhjoa! Tmoioa!^hbjoa x Bomòqthao }d bdvmaozcidadbdi~c} nda mao}hmh}bc boxo mcic~zc} nd Bèphmc mdi~zoa6 }tzghý tiitduc ~h|c nd mdzïbhmo x ac} }cjd"zoic} zd|zd}di~onc} aaduojoi icb"jzd}! }hgic} nda moadinozhc x fcxo}

nda mdi~zc nd Bèphmc) Bhdi~zo} qtddi da }tz nh}bhitâo ao |cjaomhýi! ao}zdghcid} bï} }d|~di~zhcioad} ndM`hm`èi H~vï x nd \ttm gcvojoind ti himzdbdi~c ndbcgzïehmc) Bt"m`c} bcitbdi~c} nd M`hm`èi H~vï|ozdmdi mc|ho} nd ^tao! }h~tono o?=<< khaýbd~zc} nd nh}~oimho! diBèphmc mdi~zoa) D} ic~czho ao hb|cz"~omhýi nd hndo} itduo}6 }oao} `h|ý}"~hao}! ao} d}~o~to} Mòm Bcca (uèo}dao ehgtzo 4! mcatbio} di eczbo ndo~aoi~d! dnhehmhc} mhzmtaozd} mci}o"

gzonc} oa nhc} nda uhdi~c d himat}cda mta~c o ao }dz|hdi~d db|atbono)

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]hgthdinc itd}~zo itduo mzcicacgâo!ao mta~tzo boxo ndmoxý :<0 oÿc}bï} ~oznd) Mo}o mzcicaýghmobdi~dmci ao} mciuta}hcid} |caâ~hmo} nda mdi"~zc nd Bèphmc x mci da o}mdi}c ndac} ~ca~dmo}) ]dgöi d}~o mzcicacgâoitduo! ao hi}mzh|mhýi bï} oi~hgto nd

M`hm`èi H~vï mczzd}|cind oa oÿc?<0? n)M); ao öa~hbo }d ~dinzâo qtdedmòz di~cimd} di da oÿc ?:<5 n)M)!edmò mchimhndi~d mci da ehi nda nc"bhihc ~ca~dmo di Bèphmc mdi~zoa)

Ao itduo mzcicacgâo dp|ahmozâo~objhèi ao hi~zcntmmhýi nd ac} icb"jzd} nd nhc}d} |zcmdndi~d} nda mdi"~zc nd Bèphmc di ao ~ojao nd Udit}nda mýnhmd nd Nzd}nd) O |d}oz ndqtd d}~o nh}|c}hmhýi nd ao} dedbè"zhnd} nd Udit} |zcuhdid czhghio"zhobdi~d nda }hgac HP! da mýnhmd }d

mcb|ad~ý mci hi}mzh|mhcid} |c}~d"zhczd}) ]d o|zdmho maozobdi~d di ao~ojao }caoz! di ao qtd ao} edmò} di"~zd da >7> x da 478 n)M) etdzcimcb|ad~ono} mci nc} |o}c} mdih~o"

ad} nd ac} oÿc} ??47 x ??55! ob"jc} |ozo ao ao~h~tn gdcgzïehmo ndM`hm`èi H~vï)

D} btx |c}hjad qtd ao om~toa mcb"|c}hmhýi nda mýnhmd nd Nzd}nd }dmcb|hao}d jofc da mhdac nda cj}dz"uo~czhc nd M`hm`èi H~vï! mcicmhncmcbc Da Mozomca! mtoinc ao mta~tzoboxo eczbojo xo tio }hbjhc}h} mciao mta~tzo ~ca~dmo)


Oinzdo} Eta} ~zojofo di da Hi}~h~t~cnd Gdcnd}ho x ^èmihmo} nd Hieczbo"mhýi Gdcgzïehmo nd ao Tihudz}hnon ^èm"ihmo nd Jdzaâi) Nd}nd ?804 }d ò hi"~dzd}onc |cz ao o}~zcicbâo x aomzcicacgâo nd ao mta~tzo boxo)

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nzhdi}d! qtd }d hihmhý òmd ?0)<<<oÿc}) Ntzoi~d d}d d|h}cnhc! da ih"uda nda boz o}mdinhý tic} ?:< bd"~zc}! hiuonhdinc da mci~hidi~d x cz"goihvoinc gzoind} d}~tozhc} o |oz~hznd ao} nd}dbjcmontzo} nd ac} zâc})

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mhdzzd nd ao nd}dbjcmontzo nd ac}motmd} bdic} motnoac}c} x ao mzdo"mhýi nd aogtio} ah~czoad}) Ao no~omhýind ao ~tzjo omtbtaono di oagtio}nd d}~o} aogtio} (Ao} Bonzd} |dz"bh~d d}~ojadmdz da ehioa nd ao ~zoi}"gzd}hýi eaoinzhdi}d! x ao mczzd}|ci"nhdi~d d}~ojhahvomhýi nda ah~czoa! di5<<< oÿc} oi~d} nd ao om~toahnon!o|zcphbonobdi~d)

Di ao vcio qtd `cx cmt|o da \oz"qtd Iomhcioa nd Ncÿoio ic dph}~dihinhmhc} nd d}~o |zhbdzo eo}d |zc"

gzonoi~d! qtd }d }t|cid di~dzzono|cz da ouoimd ntioz òmho da ID)Ao eczbomhýi ah~czoa bï} oi~hgtooeaczoi~d di ao bozh}bo nd Ncÿo"io d}~ï zd|zd}di~ono |cz ac} mcznc"id} nd Mozzhvc}o"Ud~o ao Ozdio! mtxono~omhýi mci M?> zdudao tio oi~h"gñdnon nd >7=4 oÿc}) ]t czhdi~omhýiID! |dz|dinhmtaoz o ao nhzdmmhýi ndao} jozzdzo} |zhimh|oad}! duhndimhoti |zhbdz d|h}cnhc dzc}huc mci di"~zono nda boz di da d}~tozhc x }dÿoaoda hihmhc nd ao eczbomhýi nd tio bo"zh}bo |zc~dghno nda boz |cz ac}mczncid} bdimhcionc})

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x =4<< oÿc} o~zï}) Ao nh}|c}hmhýind d}~c} nd|ý}h~c} btd}~zoi xo tiobozh}bo |ozmhoabdi~d dbdzghno)X }hgthý da |zcmd}c nd mcabo~omhýinda d}~tozhc ò}~o da onudihbhdi~cnd tio itduo eo}d dzc}huo)

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gc! qtd ojozmozâo nd}nd da }h"gac HH n)M) ò}~o ao }dgtino bh~onnda }hgac U) Ac} `h}~czhonczd} ao~h"ic} nd ao è|cmo òjaoi nd ao dph}"~dimho nda aogc ‑Ahgt}~hit}‒ di aond}dbjcmontzo nda Gtonoaqthuhz!d}~c d}! tio bozh}bo bozdoa }tz"mono |cz moÿc} ioudgojad}! himat}cdi bozdo jofo)

O d}o eo}d |zcgzonoi~d ad }tmd"nhý c~zo) ]d mozom~dzhvý |cz da mzd"mhbhdi~c nd ao} eczbomhcid} ah~czo"ad}! da zd~zcmd}c nd omoi~haonc} x dahimzdbdi~c nd ao mcabo~omhýi ndad}~tozhc) ]d eczbozci di~cimd} ac}mczncid} nd ao Bozh}bhaao! nd nh"zdmmhýi ]]D! nd òmd tic} ?774oÿc} ac} bï} oi~hgtc}) Ao |zd}di"mho nd ac} mczncid} eczvý ti nd}"|aovobhdi~c nd ao nd}dbjcmontzonda Gtonoaqthuhz òmho da }tnd}~d!

aadgoinc o ao eadmò ah~czoa nd ao Oa"gohno (bozgdi hvqthdzno di ~czicoa oÿc ?<<< nd itd}~zo dzo) Ao} |ztd"jo} nd d}~d nd}|aovobhdi~c qtdnoizdeadfono} di ac} dp~di}c} atmhc} ndao bozh}bo nd Ncÿoio (Bdbjzhaac!Oi}ozd} x Zdx)

Ao mchimhndimho nd d}~d mhdzzd mcida himzdbdi~c nd ao hieatdimho `t"boio di ao mtdimo! qtd otbdi~ý aomozgo nd }dnhbdi~c} nda zâc |cz aodzc}hýi dnïehmo o}cmhono o ao ogzh"mta~tzo x ndeczd}~omhýi nd ao mtdimo!

Ao} bozh}bo}

nda \ozqtd Iomhcioand NcÿoioAo nhudz}hnon x daduono |zcntm~huhnon nd ao} mcbtihnond} udgd~oad} nd ao bozh}bo

nd|dindi nd ti ezïgha dqthahjzhc mci ao} uozhojad} nda bdnhc eâ}hmc x ac} mci}tbhnczd})

Ao |èznhno nd `d~dzcgdidhnon objhdi~oa obdiovo da et~tzc nd d}~o} mcbtihnond}

Ath} Madbdi~d! Ath}"Udi~tzo Gozmâo! Fc}è Ath} D}|hioz! Ftoi ]) Mozo x Ondao Bczdic

omdadzý ao mcabo~omhýi nda d}~tozhcx |zc|hmhý }t |zcgzd}huo hind|di"nhvomhýi nd ao hieatdimho bozhio!d} ndmhz! }t mci~hidi~oahvomhýi)

Ti öa~hbc d|h}cnhc dzc}huc nhcatgoz o ao o|ozhmhýi nd ac} mcznc"id} nd ao \aoimò! òmd ??74 oÿc};|zdmdnhý o ao öa~hbo eo}d |zcgzo"noi~d qtd! nd}nd òmd tic} ?<<<oÿc}! aadgo o itd}~zc} nâo}) Di d}~oeo}d }d òi eczbonc ac} mczncid}nd ]oi Fomhi~c x ti hb|cz~oi~d boi~cdýahmc)

O}h}~hbc} o`czo o tio hi~di}heh"momhýi nd ao ndzhuo ah~czoa x o ao dzc"}hýi di ao |oz~d ~dzbhioa nd ac} mcz"ncid} nd ]oi Fomhi~c! mci o|ozhmhýi

nd goim`c} nd nhzdmmhýi ID qtd }dondi~zoi di da moioa nda Gtonoa"qthuhz) D}~d |zcmd}c! qtd zdmtdznoac} dudi~c} dzc}huc} |zdmdndi~d}!|tdnd d}~oz zdaomhcionc mci tio ~di"ndimho om~toa nd o}mdi}c nda ihudabozhic! o ao qtd o|ti~oi nhudz}c}bcndac} mahbï~hmc}) Ntzoi~d d}~o öa"~hbo eo}d |zcgzonoi~d! ao bozh}boò mci~hitonc mcabo~ïinc}d! ò}~oda |ti~c nd qtd ao bozdo! |dzmd|"~hjad ò}~o è|cmo btx zdmhdi~d diac} motmd} bozh}bdÿc}! }ýac oedm~o

xo oa Gtonoaqthuhz x! di bdicz bd"nhno! oa Jzovc nd ao ^czzd)

Di ndehih~huo! }d |o}ý nd tio }h"~tomhýi dpczzdhmo o c~zo dinczzdhmo!nd tio bozh}bo eatuhc"bozdoa o tiobozh}bo d}dimhoabdi~d |atuhoa) D}~dmobjhc omdadzý ao mcabo~omhýi! omdi"~tono ntzoi~d da öa~hbc }hgac |cz ao

om~huhnon ogzâmcao x ao ndeczd}~omhýind ao} zhjdzo} qtd nd}ogtoi di aobozh}bo)

Nhiïbhmo nd hitinomhýiMcbc zd}ta~onc nd ac} |zcmd}c} nd}"mzh~c}! ao om~toa bozh}bo nd Ncÿoio|tdnd moahehmoz}d nd btx ducatmhc"iono c }did}mdi~d) ]d mcb|cz~omcbc tio aaoitzo nd hitinomhýi d}"~omhcioa mci d}mo}o hieatdimho bo"zdoa! }cjzd ~cnc nd}nd ao mci}~ztm"mhýi! di ?80>! nda nhqtd ‑Bci~oÿo

nda Zâc‒! qtd nh}mtzzd |ozoadac oamotmd nda Gtonoaqthuhz)

O bdnhonc} nda }hgac |o}onc! }dhihmhý ao öa~hbo x bï} nzï}~hmo }d"zhd nd ~zoi}eczbomhcid} qtd ~dzbh"iozci |cz zdntmhz ac} o|cz~d} `ânzh"mc} }t|dzehmhoad} o bdic} nd ti~dzmhc nd }t} uoaczd} oi~dzhczd})

Ndjhnc o daac }d oa~dzý |zcetino"bdi~d da joaoimd `ânzhmc nd ao bo"zh}bo) Ao |zhimh|oa bdzbo di aodi~zono nd ogto ndzhuý nda dimot"vobhdi~c x nd}uhomhýi òmho daGtonoaqthuhz nd nhudz}c} mtz}c} eat"uhoad} qtd ò}~o di~cimd} nd}ogto"joi di ao bozh}bo; qtdnozci }ýacac} o|cz~d} nd ac} ozzcxc} nd aoZcmhio x nda \oz~hnc! fti~c mci ac}nd ao |zdmh|h~omhýi nhzdm~o)

Nd}nd ac} oÿc} mhimtdi~o! }d c|dzo!di dedm~c! ti mobjhc mtoah~o~huc di


?) AC] O\CZ^D] NDA MOßC nd ao Bonzd nd ao Bozh}bo nda Zcmâc }ci om~toabdi~d ac}bï} }hgihehmo~huc}! nd mozïm~dz eatuhoa! qtd zdmhjd ao bozh}bo nd Ncÿoio! |cz ao vcioIC) Ao |zcacigono ommhýi nd ao} ogto} ïmhno} x btx |cmc }oahio}! |zcudihdi~d} nda

Ozzcxc nd ao Zcmhio! òi |zc|hmhonc da nd}ozzcaac nd }tdac} }higtaozd} (udz~h}cad} x ao|zd}dimho nd d}|dmhd} qtd ic zd}h}~di ac} ihudad} nd }oahihnon! ih ao nhiïbhmo nd hitino"mhýi qtd hb|dzoi di ao boxcz |oz~d nd ao bozh}bo nda \ozqtd)

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ao nh}~zhjtmhýi d}|omhoa! zèghbdind mhzmtaomhýi x |dz}h}~dimho nda ogtodi ao bozh}bo nd Ncÿoio) Ao bo"zh}bo ò udihnc omdi~toinc }t mozïm"~dz dinczzdhmc! zdmhjhdinc ac} o|cz"~d} nd ogto bï} mcimdi~zonc} x|dznhdinc gzontoabdi~d d}|d}cz aoaïbhio nd ogto! |cz duo|c~zoi}|h"zomhýi! o}~o }t ~c~oa nd}dmomhýi nt"zoi~d da udzoic)

Nc} dm`c} maoud nhedzdimhoi d}~dzèghbdi `hnzcaýghmc nda zèghbdi

nd hitinomhýi oi~dzhcz) Di |zhbdzatgoz! ao |dz}h}~dimho nd ao hitino"mhýi x nd ao tbdnon }t|dzehmhoa nda}tdac |o}ý o nd|dindz nda d}|d}czqtd oamoivo}d ao aïbhio nd ogto diao d}~omhýi `öbdno) Oi~d}! dzo |c"}hjad ti boi~dihbhdi~c bï} |zc"acigonc nd ao `tbdnon nd ao} vc"io} nd|zhbhno}! |oz~hmtaozbdi~d diac} moÿc}! bdzmdn o ao} nh}~hi~o}o|cz~omhcid} nd ac} mtz}c} qtd didaac} nd}ogtojoi) Di }tbo! |cnâoiboi~didz}d `öbdno} ao} vcio} nd"

|zhbhno} }hi idmd}hnon nd qtd aoaïbhio nd ogto oamoivozo ti d}|d"}cz dpmd|mhcioa x oidgozo ao} vc"io} daduono}) Di }dgtinc atgoz! aozdntmmhýi nd ao mhzmtaomhýi }t|dz"ehmhoa di ac} oi~hgtc} moÿc}! qtdzdmhjâoi o|cz~d} nd ac} ozzcxc} x ~dz"bhiojoi duomtoinc di da d}~tozhc!ò nd~dzbhionc ti bdicz aouonc xdahbhiomhýi nd ao} }oad} }catjad} qtdo}mhdindi |cz mo|haozhnon nd}nd aomo|o ezdï~hmo) Oa omdi~toz}d da mozïm"

~dz nd mtjd~o nd duo|czomhýi! ac}}cat~c} }d mcimdi~zoi di ac} }tdac}nd vcio} nd|zhbhno}; }d |zcntmdiomöbtac} }t|dzehmhoad} nd }oad} }c"atjad} qtd! di oagtic} mo}c}! ecz"boi nd|ý}h~c} nd uozhc} mdi~âbd"~zc} nd d}|d}cz)

D}~o} ~dindimho} }d uhdzci omdi"~tono} o |oz~hz nd ?80>! mtoinc }dmci}~ztxý di ao vcio }tz da nhqtdbdimhcionc |ozo mci~didz da nzd"iofd io~tzoa òmho da Gtonoaqthuhz!oa }cjzddaduoz ao mc~o io~tzoa nd

nd}ogñd) Mci daac }d acgzojo zd~d"idz da ncjad nd ogto di ao bozh}bo!otbdi~oz di mo}h ti :<$ ao }t|dz"ehmhd hitinono x! |cz ~oi~c! zd~zo}oz}t nd}dmomhýi ntzoi~d da udzoic)^zo} ao dp~di}hýi nda nhqtd òmho daicz~d! di ?880! |ozo |zdudihz ao |c"}hjad mci~obhiomhýi ndzhuono nda om"mhndi~d nd ao} bhio} nd Ovioamýaaoz!ao bozh}bo }d ò mciudz~hnc di timcb|oz~hbhdi~c |zïm~hmobdi~d d}"~oimc! }t}md|~hjad nd qtdnoz }t"bdzghno di oÿc} nd |zdmh|h~omhcid}btx }t|dzhczd} o ao bdnho) Da nzd"iofd nd|dind xo nd }t zdgtaomhýi o~zouè} nd mcb|tdz~o})

GdcbczecacgâoOm~toabdi~d! ao bozh}bo nd Ncÿoiod} tio dp~di}o |aoihmhd oatuhoa ndtic} =<< kb: mci bczecacgâo ~â"|hmo nd aaoitzo nd hitinomhýi ndadud oa~h~tn (ic }t|dzo di gdidzoaac} nc} bd~zc} }cjzd da ihuda ndaboz x }toud |dinhdi~d (hiedzhcz oa: |cz bha) Da bhmzczzdahdud! nd cz"ndi ndmhbè~zhmc! zd|zd}di~o da mzh"~dzhc jï}hmc |ozo }t nhedzdimhomhýidi tihnond} gdcbczecaýghmo}! |cz}dz ao mozom~dzâ}~hmo qtd bdfcz dp"|zd}o ~oi~c ao nhudz}hnon bczecaý"ghmo x etimhcioa om~toa mcbc ao gè"id}h} nd ac} dadbdi~c} nda |oh}ofd)

Di ao bozh}bo }d òi nh}~higthnc~zonhmhcioabdi~d ~zd} tihnond} dietimhýi nd ao bhmzc~c|cgzoeâo6 joi"mc}! vcio} nd ~zoi}hmhýi x nd|zd"}hcid}) D}~o} tihnond} zdeadfoi aonhiïbhmo gdcbczecaýghmo cmtzzhnontzoi~d da @cacmdic! mcbdi~ono oa|zhimh|hc)

Ac} joimc}! qtd oaaâ }d ndicbh"ioi ‑|omhad}‒ x ‑ud~o}‒! }ci ao} vc"io} bï} daduono}) Ic }tdadi qtd"

noz oidgono}! }oauc di è|cmo} ndoudihno) Ac} |omhad}! nd ~dp~tzo oz"mhaac"ahbc}o! }d mczzd}|cindi mcidaduomhcid} (‑aduèd}‒ nd ac} moÿc}qtd nhuogoi |cz ao bozh}bo! oagt"ic} nd ac} mtoad} òi ndfonc nd eti"mhcioz) Ao} ud~o}! daduomhcid} bï}c bdic} oh}aono} x nd nhbdi}hcid}zdntmhno}! |zd}di~oi btx nhudz}oio~tzoadvo x czhgdi6 ao} ozmhaac}o}}ci zd}~c} ezogbdi~onc} x dzc}hc"ionc} nd oi~hgtc} |omhad} x ao} ozd"ic}o} mci boaomceotio! zd}~c} nd

\zhbdz dudi~cdzc}huc

]dgtino eo}d|zcgzonoi~d

^dzmdzo eo}d|zcgzonoi~d

]t}~zo~c idýgdic Jozzo} mcim`âedzo} }cjzd |oadcbïzgdid} nda d}~tozhc

Mczncid} ah~czoad} nd eo}d} dzc}huo}

Omoi~haonc}

Mczzhdi~d} bozhio}

Mczzhdi~d} eatuhoad}

]h}~dbo} dýahmc} zdmhdi~d}

]h}~dbo} dýahmc} oi~hgtc}

Bozh}bo oa~o

Bozh}bo jofo

]dgtinc mtdz|c |zcgzonoi~d

^dzmdz mtdz|c |zcgzonoi~d

Mtoz~c mtdz|c |zcgzonoi~d

Mtoz~o eo}d|zcgzonoi~d

:) DÔ\O] ND ECZBOMHCI nd ao Bozh}bonda \ozqtd Iomhcioa nd Ncÿoio ntzoi~d da@cacmdic (}dgöi O) Zcnzâgtdv! ?880)

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eczbomhcid} ah~czoad} oi~hgto} qtdòi qtdnonc himathno} ndi~zc nd aobozh}bo) Otiqtd ~objhèi o|ozd"mdi ud~o} ozdic}o} }hi mcimò} qtdndzhuoi nd ntio} }t|dz|td}~o} o nh"mò} eczbomhcid} ah~czoad})

Ao} vcio} nd ~zoi}hmhýi c ‑qtd"jzono}‒! nd daduomhýi hi~dzbdnho!~hdidi }t czhgdi di ao mcabo~omhýi|cz bo~dzhoad} ahbc"ozmhaac}c} nd oi"~hgto} nd|zd}hcid} x motmd}) Om~toa"bdi~d! ao aïbhio nd ogto o|dio}aadgo o oamoivoz ti |oabc di ac}oÿc} iczboad})

Ao} vcio} nd|zhbhno}! ncind aohitinomhýi |dz}h}~d ntzoi~d btm`c}bd}d} x oamoivo mdzmo nd ti bd~zcnd |zcetinhnon di oÿc} aatuhc}c}!}d mczzd}|cindi mci ac} moÿc} xatmhc}) Ac} |zhbdzc} }ci zd}~c} ndoi~hgtc} moioad} nd bozdo mcabo"~onc} qtd! o`czo! c|dzoi }ýac mcbc

motmd} ~db|czoad}) Ao boxczâo nddaac} òi }hnc ~ztimonc} |cz ao om"mhýi `tboio x }d ahbh~oi o omtbt"aoz ao} ogto} nd |zdmh|h~omhýi) Ac}atmhc}! nd|zd}hcid} nd bczecacgâoaogtioz x |zcetinhnon uozhojad! nd"zhuoi nd ao ezogbdi~omhýi nd oi~h"gtc} motmd} eatuhc"bozdoad} ojoi"ncionc})

Mto~zc ~h|c nd }tdac}Ao nhudz}hnon x nh}~zhjtmhýi gdc"gzïehmo nd ac} }tdac} nd ao Bozh}bond Ncÿoio gtozno tio d}~zdmò zd"aomhýi mci ao nd ao} tihnond} x }tj"tihnond} gdcbczecaýghmo}) Nd `d"

m`c! |tdnd oehzboz}d qtd ao ducat"mhýi gdcbczecaýghmo }tbhih}~zo dabozmc o ao ducatmhýi nd ac} }tdac})

Ao} mozom~dzâ}~hmo} etinobdi~oad}nd ac} }tdac} nd ao bozh}bo uhdidind~dzbhiono}! di öa~hbo hi}~oimho!|cz da mozïm~dz zdmhdi~d nd ac} }dnh"bdi~c}! o |oz~hz nd ac} mtoad} }d

òi nd}ozzcaaonc (}tdac} d}~zo~hehmo"nc} x |cmc ducatmhcionc}! |cz ao}|zc|hdnond} eâ}hmc"qtâbhmo} nd ac}bh}bc} (ozmhaac"ahbc}c}! moamïzdc}x }oahic} x |cz da zèghbdi `hnzc"}oahic (qtd nd|dind nd ao |c}hmhýigdcgzïehmo x eh}hcgzïehmo nda |ti~c)^hdid hb|cz~oimho acmoa ao |zd}di"mho nd bo~dzhoad} nd c~zo io~tzoadvo(nd|ý}h~c} nd ozdio} mcim`âedzo} c}haâmdo}! ao hieatdimho nd }tzgdi"mho} nda ihuda ezdï~hmc (‑cfc}‒! aodph}~dimho nd mczzhdi~d} nd ogto ntamdx! di |dqtdÿc} dimaoud} nda }tz! aohieatdimho bozdoa (‑|aoxo}‒)

Ac} }tdac} ncbhioi~d} di da ïzdomozdmdi nd zo}gc} hinhmo~huc} nd duc"atmhýi nda |dzeha! }oauc tio etdz~domtbtaomhýi nd }oad} ndzhuono ndao}mdi}c mo|haoz nd ao mo|o ezdï~hmo}oahio x nd ao duo|czomhýi nd ao aï"bhio nd ogto }t|dzehmhoa; di adi"gtofd ~èmihmc! }d ~zo~o nd di~h}ca})

Di ac} mo}c} bï} dp~zdbc}! ao omt"btaomhýi nd }oad} }catjad} |dzbh~dndehihz }tdac} `h|dz}oahic}! o}hbh"aojad} o ac} nd vcio} ïzhno}! di ~oi~c


=) AO] ND\ZD]HCID] DINCZZDHMO] ndao bozh}bo ~hdindi o mcb|cz~oz}d mcbc}tbhndzc nd ogto x }cat~c}) Oa ehioa nd aod}~omhýi }dmo }d eczboi omöbtac} }t|dz"ehmhoad} nd }oad} }catjad} „di ao} qtd|zdncbhioi ac} macztzc} nd }cnhc x bog"id}hc„ qtd dpmd|mhcioabdi~d aadgoi o ecz"boz mc}~zo} nd uozhc} mdi~âbd~zc} nd d}"

|d}cz! mci ao mzdomhýi mci}hgthdi~d nd}tdac} dp~zdbonobdi~d }oahic}) Daac hb"|hnd da d}~ojadmhbhdi~c nd ac} udgd~oad})

>) AO] NHEDZDIMHO] di da zèghbdi ndhitinomhýi x ohzdomhýi nd ac} }dnhbdi~c}ozmhaac}c} qtd mci}~h~txdi da }t}~zo~c aobozh}bo x ao ommhýi nd ao} zoâmd} udgd~o"ad} òi |zc|hmhonc ao nhedzdimhomhýi eâ}hmo!qtâbhmo x bczecaýghmo nd ac} }tdac} nd aobozh}bo) ^cnc} ac} |dzehad} nd ao ehgtzomczzd}|cindi o ao d}~omhýi }dmo) Ac} ~zd}

nd ao hvqthdzno |dz~didmdi o }tdac} }oahic}nda d}~d nd ao bozh}bo mci nh}~hi~c zègh"bdi nd hitinomhýi (nd hvqthdzno o ndzdmò6daduomhýi mci qtdic|cnhïmdo}; vcio ~db|c"zoabdi~d hitinojad mci ]mhz|t} x vcio mcihitinomhýi |dz}h}~di~d mci \`zogbh~d}) Da|dzeha nd ao ndzdmò mczzd}|cind o ti udz~h"}ca nda IC nd ao bozh}bo! di da qtd da }d"nhbdi~c ozmhaac}c ò ducatmhcionc |czdedm~c nd ao ommhýi |zcacigono nd ao}ogto} ïmhno} x cahgcòahio} |zcmdndi~d}nd ao vcio nd ozdio} nda \ozqtd) A

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qtd hintmdi }dqtâo eh}hcaýghmo; ò"jaobc} di~cimd} nd ozhnh}ca})

Di ao vcio |zýphbo oa dmc~cicozdio}"bozh}bo! ac} }dnhbdi~c} oz"mhaac}c} òi ducatmhcionc òmho }td"ac} |cmc }oahic}! mtxo mozom~dzâ}"~hmo bï} nd}~omono d} ao mci~zommhýidi è|cmo }dmo x ao dp|oi}hýi diè|cmo `öbdno! o}â mcbc ao zc~o"mhýi nda |dzeha o ~zouè} nd ao} gzhd"

~o} qtd }d |zcntmdi di ao è|cmo }dmo;di dnoecacgâo d}~c} }tdac} zdmhjdida icbjzd nd udz~h}ca})

\cz öa~hbc! di nd~dzbhionc} |ti"~c}! ao} }tzgdimho} nd ogto ntamdndi~zc nd ao bozh}bo }oahio (‑cfc}‒x }t duo|czomhýi di ao }t|dzehmhdnda }tdac no atgoz o ao o|ozhmhýi ndmozom~dzâ}~hmo} |zc|ho} nd }tdac} hi"mh|hdi~d} c himd|~h}ca})

Ac} }tdac} etdz~dbdi~d }oahic}}d dimtdi~zoi di~zd ac} bï} dp~di"nhnc}) Cmt|oi |cz hgtoa ~oi~c vc"io} daduono} mcbc nd|zhbhno}) Diao} vcio} daduono}! }ýac ao} |aoi~o}adÿc}o} }tmtadi~o} ( Oz~`zcmidbtb|tdndi zd}h}~hz ~cnc da oÿc) Ntzoi~dda hiuhdzic x |zhboudzo! o|zcud"mòinc da nd}mdi}c nd ao }oahihnon}t|dzehmhoa x ao nh}|cihjhahnon ndogto! d}~c} }tdac} }t}~di~oi ti ~o"|hv nd `hdzjo} oitoad} nd ndi}hnonuozhojad qtd |dz}h}~di ntzoi~d aod}~omhýi }dmo di da joimc nd }dbh"aao}) Di ao} vcio} nd|zhbhno}! aonhatmhýi nd ao }oahihnon }t|dzehmhoa

|tdnd |dzbh~hz da nd}ozzcaac nd mc"btihnond} nd |aoi~o} ftimheczbd}(mh|dzïmdo} nda gèidzc ]mhz|t} omcb"|oÿono} nd oitoad} }tbdzghno} mt"xc} zhvcbo} }tj~dzzïidc} zd}h}~di aod}~omhýi }dmo)

Ac} di~h}cad} }ci }tdac} fýudid}mci btx d}mo}c nd}ozzcaac nd `czh"vci~d}) \zdncbhioi di ao bozh}bonda \ozqtd Iomhcioa nd Ncÿoio x}ci }oahic} mo}h ~cnc} daac}! otiqtdic di da gzonc nd ac} ozhnh}cad}) D}~obdicz }oahihnon }d ndjd o uozhc} eom"~czd}6 da ihuda ezdï~hmc `h|dz}oahic }ddimtdi~zo o boxcz |zcetinhnon (vc"io} daduono} nd ud~o} x |omhad}! daihuda ezdï~hmc d} bdic} }oahic c dph}~dti aouonc }t|dzehmhoa nda }tdac o}c"mhonc o ao |zd}dimho nd mczzhdi~d}nd ogto }t|dzehmhoa (|cz dfdb|ac!di ao} vcio} hieatdimhono} |cz damoÿc nd ao Bonzd; ac} nc} öa~hbc}eom~czd} |tdndi noz}d fti~c}) ]t nh}"~zhjtmhýi gdcgzïehmo mchimhnd mci ao}vcio} bï} daduono} (|omhad} x ud"~o} c mci ac} gzoind} moÿc} qtd zd"mcgdi da nzdiofd nd ac} ozzcxc} qtd

nd}ogtoi |cz da icz~d nd ao bozh}bo)]cjzd d}~c} }tdac} bdnzoi ao} mc"btihnond} bï} nhudz}o} (|o}~hvoad}nd vcio} daduono} x |zcntm~huo} (vc"io} nd|zhbhno} mci oa~o ndi}hnonnd ]mhz|t} x nd omtï~hmo} oitoad}}tbdzghno})

Ac} himd|~h}cad}! }tdac} nd nd"}ozzcaac himh|hdi~d! }d mcimdi~zoi oa"zdndncz nd oagtio} }tzgdimho} ndogto ezdï~hmo |cmc }oahio (4 gzo"bc} nd }oad} |cz ah~zc nd ogto dimcb|ozomhýi mci ïzdo} nd|zhbhno}


?) ]h}~dbo} dýahmc} oi~hgtc} :) Ntio} býuhad} =) Mzd}~o} nd |aoxo>) Bozh}bo 4) dzmdzo eo}d |zcgzonoi~d 5) Mtoz~o eo}d |zcgzonoi~d7 x 0) \oadcbïzgdid} nda oi~hgtc d}~tozhc 8) Zd}~c} ozqtdcaýghmc}?<) Btd}~zo} no~ono} M?>

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4) NOÔMHCI |cz M?> nd ao} nhedzdi~d}eo}d} |zcgzonoi~d} x dzc}huo} cmtzzhno}di ao eczbomhýi nd ao bozh}bo nd}nd daehioa nd ao ~zoi}gzd}hýi eaoinzhdi}d)

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|zýphbo} (bï} nd 7< g#a) ôad} cfc}!o}â }d aaoboi d}o} vcio} }tzgdi~d}!|zc|hmhoi tio udgd~omhýi ndi}o! ~â"|hmo nd mozzhvc} (\`zogbh~d}! ot}di"~d di ao bozh}bo }oahio)

Ac} udz~h}cad} |zd}di~oi ti dad"uonc mci~dihnc nd ozmhaao (bï} nda4< $ x }ci! di gdidzoa! |cmc }oah"ic}) Ntzoi~d ao d}~omhýi }dmo |td"ndi nd}ozzcaaoz gzhd~o} nd uozhc}mdi~âbd~zc} nd ob|ah~tn! o ~zouè} ndao} mtoad} }d hi~zcntmdi bo~dzhoad}nd ao} mo|o} }t|dzehmhoad} ò}~o bï}nd 4< mb nd |zcetinhnon) Di ao d}"~omhýi `öbdno ao} ozmhaao} }d `hi"mòi! |zcntmhèinc}d da mhdzzd ndao} gzhd~o}) D}~c |zcucmo ao mci~h"ito zc~omhýi nd ac} bo~dzhoad} nda}tdac! boi~dihèinc}d ti |dzeha btx`cbcgèidc mci d}mo}c nd}ozzcaac)

Ao boxczâo nd ac} udz~h}cad} }ddimtdi~zoi mdzmo nd ao vcio nd mci"~om~c mci da }h}~dbo dýahmc (ozd"io}! ncind nd}mozgoi omtâedzc} xmtz}c} nd ogto ntamd) Oa hgtoa qtd

ac} di~h}cad} nd ao} vcio} nd|zhbh"no}! }t}~di~oi mcbtihnond} nd |aoi"~o} ftimheczbd} (d}|dmhoabdi~d mh"|dzïmdo} nd ac} gèidzc} ]mhz|t} x Dadcmòzh} x nd |aoi~o} oitoad} }t"bdzghno} bdic} ~cadzoi~d} o ao }o"ahihnon)

Hi~dzommhcid} ojhý~hmo}Ac bh}bc ntzoi~d ao d}~omhýi `ö"bdno qtd ntzoi~d ao dp~di}o }dqtâod}~huoa! ao bozh}bo nd Ncÿoio mci}"~h~txd tio bciý~cio |aoihmhd qtd!

di o|dio} ~zd} bd}d}! |o}o nd md"iogoa zdjc}oi~d nd uhno oihboa xudgd~oa o d}~d|o }dbhnd}èz~hmo! mciob|aho} dp~di}hcid} nd}itno}!mtoz~dono} x }oahihvono}! x da zd}~c!boxczh~ozhobdi~d mtjhdz~c |cz tibo~czzoa òaýehac x }tmtadi~c nd|dqtdÿc |cz~d)

ôa uozhomhýi ~db|czoa di ao} mo"zom~dzâ}~hmo} nda bdnhc hb|cid etdz"~d} zd}~zhmmhcid} oa nd}ozzcaac nd aoudgd~omhýi) O}h}~hbc} o eatm~tomhc"id} nd gzoi bogih~tn di ao nh}|c"ihjhahnon nd ogto x di ao }oahihnonnda }t}~zo~c)

Ntzoi~d ao d}~omhýi `öbdno! gzoi|oz~d nd ao bozh}bo |dzboidmd hiti"nono! mod jzt}mobdi~d da mci~dihncnd cpâgdic nda }tdac! |ozo oamoivozbtx |zci~c mcinhmhcid} zdntm~c"zo}! himcb|o~hjad} mci da nd}ozzc"aac nd ao boxczâo nd ao} |aoi~o})\dzc! }hbta~ïidobdi~d! }d nhatxdiao} }oad} di da |zhbdz ndmâbd~zc nd}tdac x }d mzdoi mcinhmhcid} o|~o}

|ozo da d}~ojadmhbhdi~c nd |aoi~o}omtï~hmo} nd mhmac mcz~c x |ozo dazdjzc~d nd |aoi~o} |dzdiid} oieh"jho} c ‑`daýeh~c}‒)

Zd}h}~di~d} o ao }dqtâo d}~huoa! ac}zhvcbo} nd ac} `daýeh~c} mcbhdivoio zdom~huoz}d o ehioad} nda c~cÿc!mtoinc ao aïbhio nd ogto }d mci"}cahno) Di o|dio} mto~zc bd}d}! ao}mcbtihnond} nd vcio} jofo} dp|ac"~oi }t mo|omhnon |ozo }cjzduhuhz dimcinhmhcid} zdntm~czo}! o|zcud"mòinc ac} higdi~d} zdmtz}c} `ânzh"

mc} |cmc }oahic} x ao} daduono} nc"}h} nd atv himhndi~d; }d gdidzo o}â tio nd ao} mtjhdz~o} udgd~oad} bï}|zcntm~huo})

Tio} |cmo} d}|dmhd} nd `daýeh~c}òmdi dbdzgdz ti ~o|hv udgd~oa hb"|did~zojad! qtd }t|dzo da bd~zc ndoa~tzo) \cidi o nh}|c}hmhýi nd ac}`dzjâuczc} ò}~o =< ~cidaono} ndjhcbo}o `dzjïmdo |cz `dm~ïzdo xoÿc) Oa |zc|hc ~hdb|c! d}~o} mc"btihnond} nd mh|dzïmdo} |dzdiid}oabomdioi tio |oz~d ic~ojad nd }t}o}hbhaonc} di ýzgoic} nd zd}dzuo xzd}h}~dimho! o |oz~hz nd ac} mtoad} }ddp~hdind ao |cjaomhýi (bdnhoi~d zh"vcbo} gdbâedzc} }tj~dzzïidc} x zd"jzc~oi ac} uï}~ogc} di ao }hgthdi~dd}~omhýi `öbdno)

Ac} zhvcbo} nd ac} `daýeh~c}! btxzhmc} di `hnzo~c} nd mozjcic! zd"|zd}di~oi ti ot~èi~hmc boiï |ozoao} dpòt}~o} oi}dzheczbd} qtd hi"udzioi di ao bozh}bo nd Ncÿoio xqtd mci}hgtdi zdbcuhdinc ac} }td"

ac} ncind }d d}~ojadmdi)O }t udv! da ~o|hv nd |aoi~o} omtï"

~hmo} (|zhimh|oabdi~d oago} mozýeh"~o} }tbdzghno} x nhudz}c} gzt|c}nd eoidzýgobo}! qtd }d nd}ozzcaaodi~zd ac} uï}~ogc} nd `daýeh~c} dbdz"gdi~d}! gdidzo! o |oz~hz nda joimcnd |zc|ïgtac} |zd}di~d di ac} |zh"bdzc} mdi~âbd~zc} nd }tdac (di moi"~hnond} |zýphbo} o ac} 4<<< bhaac"id} |cz `dm~ïzdo! tio |zcntmmhýind ò}~o mhimc ~cidaono} |cz `dm~ï"zdo x oÿc nd jhcbo}o `dzjïmdo }dmo)


5) AO] VCIO] ahgdzobdi~d daduono} nd ao bozh}bo |dzboidmdi ahjzd} nd hitinomhýi nt"zoi~d ao d}~omhýi `öbdno) Ao boxcz ohzdomhýi nda }tdac x da aouonc }t|dzehmhoa |cz daogto nd aatuho |dzbh~d da d}~ojadmhbhdi~c nd btmò} d}|dmhd} oitoad}; gdidzoi è}~o}|o}~hvoad} qtd }hzudi nd oahbdi~c |ozo btm`c} mci}tbhnczd} |zhbozhc} ò}~o da hihmhc ndao d}~omhýi }dmo) Ntzoi~d ao bh}bo |dzntzoi }ýac ac} zcnoad} nd qtdic|cnhïmdo} adÿc}o}}tmtadi~o} ( Oz~`zcmidbtb bomzc}~om`xtb! |zhimh|oabdi~d)

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Ic ~dzbhio oqtâ da |c~dimhoa |zc"ntm~huc nd d}~o} vcio} nd|zhbhno}nd ao bozh}bo) C~zo} deâbdzo} d}"|dzoi di da joimc nd }dbhaao} oqtd ao aïbhio nd ogto }d duo|czd|ozo mcacihvoz ao} vcio} oi~d} cmt"|ono} |cz ao} omtï~hmo}! xo edidmh"no}! gdidzoinc ti zoac ~o|hv nd `hdz"jo} ono|~ono} o }tdac} `öbdnc} x

o ao} mcinhmhcid} nd daduono hi}c"aomhýi! ~db|dzo~tzo x }oahihnon qtdhb|dzoi di d}~o} vcio}) ]ci `hdz"jo} }tmtadi~o} (]todno! ]oahmcziho!]oa}cao! mo|omd} nd dahbhioz ao} }o"ad} o ~zouè} nd ao} `cfo} ( Odatzc|t}!Mzx|}h}! Mzd}}o! qtd dp|ac~oi d}~d`ïjh~o~ oi~d} nda onudihbhdi~c ndao} |zhbdzo} ogto} c~cÿoad})

Ao bta~h|ahmomhýi ~db|czoa nda `ï"jh~o~ o}cmhono o ao ducatmhýi d}~o"mhcioa nd ao} mozom~dzâ}~hmo} nda bd"nhc eâ}hmc |dzbh~d ao mcdph}~dimho

}tmd}huo! di ti bh}bc |ti~c! nd mc"btihnond} mci d}~zo~dgho} uh~oad} xono|~omhcid} nhedzdi~d})

Eom~cz ~hdb|c]dzâo ndbo}honc |zcahfc oioahvoz dind~oaad ~cno} ao} |c}hjad} etdi~d}nd nhudz}hnon objhdi~oa dph}~di~d}di ao} bozh}bo} nd Ncÿoio! |dzc

ndjdbc} mh~oz oa bdic} tio bï} ndgzoi hb|cz~oimho6 ao ducatmhýi dida ~hdb|c) D}~d eom~cz nd~dzbhio qtdao} nd|zd}hcid} eczbono} |cz ac}bh}bc} bo~dzhoad}! x qtd om~toa"bdi~d |zd}di~oi ti zèghbdi `h"nzcaýghmc }hbhaoz! mzddi }tdac} (xudgd~omhýi ic~ojadbdi~d nhedzdi"mhonc})

Mcbc `dbc} nhm`c! ao} nd|zd"}hcid} hitinojad} nd ao bozh}bo eti"mhcioi o bcnc nd gzoind} aogtio}!qtd omtbtaoi etinobdi~oabdi~d

ogto nd aatuho x ~dzbhioi |dznhèi"ncao |cz duo|czomhýi) ]hi dbjozgc!ò}~o ic òmd btm`c! ac} moÿc} om"~tozci mcbc motmd} eatuhoad} bï}c bdic} nhuogoi~d} |cz ao} qtd mhz"mtaojo da ogto qtd! ehioabdi~d! }dduomtojo oa Gtonoaqthuhz)

Ac} atmhc}! }hi dbjozgc! òi eti"mhcionc mcbc mtjd~o} nd duo|czo"mhýi! ntzoi~d mhdi~c} nd oÿc}; diudv nd vcio} nd ~zïi}h~c nd ogto!}d òi mciudz~hnc di }tbhndzc} nd

ogto x }oad}! gdidzoinc ti bdnhc|cmc eouczojad |ozo ao |zcahedzo"mhýi nd d}|dmhd} |dzdiid} x! mcbczd}ta~onc! |zd}di~oi }tdac} nd mo"zom~dzâ}~hmo} qtâbhmo} x eâ}hmo} nh"edzdimhono} x ti o}|dm~c nd}caonczdi ao è|cmo d}~huoa)

Hi~dzommhcid} jhý~hmo}Ao nhudz}hnon nda `ïjh~o~ hitinojadnd ao bozh}bo ic ndzhuo }ýac nd aohieatdimho nd ao uozhomhýi mâmahmond ao} mozom~dzâ}~hmo} `hnzcaýghmo}x dnïehmo}) @o}~o ic òmd btm`c}d |di}ojo qtd ti bdnhc eâ}hmc dph"gdi~d! qtd aaduojo ò}~o da aâbh~d ao}mo|omhnond} eh}hcaýghmo} nd ao} |aoi"~o}! nd~dzbhiojo |dz }d ao} d}|dmhd}qtd |cnâoi d}~ojadmdz}d! |cz dpmat"}hýi nd ao} qtd mozdmâoi nd ao} ono|"~omhcid} idmd}ozho})

]hi dbjozgc! mono udv }d omt"btaoi bï} |ztdjo} nd qtd mhdz~o}mcbtihnond} udgd~oad}! tio udv d}"~ojadmhno}! hintmdi bcnhehmomhcid}acmoad} nd ao} mozom~dzâ}~hmo} qtâ"bhmo} x eâ}hmo} nda }tdac x nd ao aï"

bhio nd ogto qtd ao} mhzmtino! |ozooedm~oz! nd d}d bcnc! oa o}di~obhdi~cnd c~zo} d}|dmhd})

]dgöi |ozdmd! ao} mcbtihnond} nd`daýeh~c} nda gèidzc ]mhz|t} bcnh"ehmoi da zèghbdi nd cphgdiomhýi! d}"~ztm~tzo! mci}h}~dimho x mcb|c}hmhýinda }tdac! o}â mcbc ao} mozom~dzâ}"~hmo} qtâbhmo} nd ao mcatbio nd ogtoqtd ac hitino) Om~öoi mcbc tio}tdz~d nd ‑jcbjo‒ qtd ahjdzo oabdnhc it~zhdi~d} hibcuhahvonc} dida }dnhbdi~c) Oa bh}bc ~hdb|c!


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o|cz~o moamhc o ao mcatbio nd ogto!mtxc dedm~c ~ob|ýi nd~dzbhio ao}eczbo} ncbhioi~d} nd mozjcic nh"}tda~c qtd }d dimtdi~zo o nh}|c}h"mhýi nd c~zc} |zcntm~czd} |zhbozhc})

^cnc daac òmd qtd mhdz~o} d}|d"mhd} omtï~hmo} }tbdzghno}! mo|omd}nd o|zcudmòz bdfcz d}~o} mcinh"mhcid}! }d udoi eouczdmhno} di ao ud"mhinon nd ac} `daýeh~c}! bhdi~zo} qtdc~zo} ncbhidi di vcio} hgtoabdi~dhitinojad}! otiqtd bï} oadfono}nd daac}) O}â! ao mciftimhýi nd ti`ïjh~o~ eatm~toi~d di da ~hdb|c mcihi~dzommhcid} jhý~hmo} x ojhý~hmo}bta~hnhzdmmhcioad} |tdnd gdidzoz ti}hieâi nd uozhomhcid} acmoad} nd ao}mcinhmhcid} objhdi~oad}! qtd |td"ndi }dz dp|ac~ono} |cz ti iöbdzcnd d}|dmhd} btx }t|dzhcz oa qtd

mojzâo d}|dzoz di tio |aoihmhd `c"bcgèido)

Gzonhdi~d bhmzc~c|cgzïehmcAo nhudz}hnon objhdi~oa nd ao bo"zh}bo ic }d ogc~o di ao} nd|zd}hc"id} hitinojad}) Fti~c o daao}! di"mci~zobc} dp~di}o} vcio} ahgdzobdi~ddaduono} (<!4"?!< b ncind ao} mci"nhmhcid} objhdi~oad} uozâoi di da~zoi}mtz}c nda oÿc) \ozo ao} |aoi"~o}! d}~o} vcio} eczboi }tdac} jhdiohzdonc} x ic }c|cz~oi hitinomhýi

|zcacigono! ao boxczâo nd ac} oÿc})O }t udv! ~ob|cmc |zd}di~oi oagtio}nd }t} udi~ofo}! xo qtd }c|cz~oi! diao vcio nd hieatdimho nd ao} zoâmd}!ac} |zcacigonc} |dzâcnc} nd }dqtâoqtd hb|cid da mahbo bdnh~dzzïidc)

Mcbc |cnzâo d}|dzoz}d! ti gzoiiöbdzc nd d}|dmhd} ono|~ono} o ao}eatm~tomhcid} |zc|ho} nda mahbo bd"nh~dzzïidc |zc}|dzoi di d}~o} vcio})Di dedm~c! }d òi nd~dm~onc bï} ndnc} mdi~diozd} nd d}|dmhd} nd |aoi"~o} `dzjïmdo} nhedzdi~d}! di mcb"|ozomhýi mci tio} ndmdio} d}mtd~o}di ao} vcio} mci hitinomhýi |zc"acigono)

]hi dbjozgc! c~zo mozom~dzâ}~hmonda }tdac hb|cid o ao} |aoi~o}! qtdmcacihvoi d}~o} bhmzcdaduomhcid}!

tio zd}~zhmmhýi onhmhcioa qtd ic mci"mtzzd di ao boxczâo nd ac} `ïjh~o~}nd mahbo bdnh~dzzïidc6 ao |zd}di"mho nd ti ihuda }o~tzonc! |zýphbco ao }t|dzehmhd (di~zd ?!:"?!0 b! diao d}~omhýi }dmo! x di~zd <!4 x ? b!

di ao d}~omhýi `öbdno! mci tiomcimdi~zomhýi nd }oad} }catjad}(|zhimh|oabdi~d macztzc }ýnhmc qtdaadgo o ~zh|ahmoz ao }oahihnon nda ogtonda boz) Ao }oahihnon }t|dzo! didedm~c! ac} ?<< gzobc} nd }oa |czah~zc) ]t o}mdi}c |cz mo|haozhnonò}~o mdzmo nd ao }t|dzehmhd nda }tdachieatxd ic }ýac di ac} `czhvci~d}nhzdm~obdi~d oedm~onc} |cz ao c}mh"aomhýi d}~omhcioa! }hic ~objhèi diac} }h~tonc} uozhc} ndmâbd~zc} bï}ozzhjo)


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0) UOZHOMHCI ND AC] \OZOBD^ZC] OBJHDIÔAD] x nd ao zhqtdvo nd d}|dmhd} mci aobhmzc~c|cgzoeâo di ti ïzdo nd nhbdi}hcid} zdntmhno} (?<<< b:! mci ti nd}ihuda bïphbcnd 0< mb) Da nhogzobo ? zd|zd}di~o ac} uoaczd} nd daduomhýi zdao~huo; da :! ac} mobjhc}di ao zhqtdvo nd d}|dmhd} nd |aoi~o} `dzjïmdo} |cz tihnon nd }t|dzehmhd! di da bh}bc gzo"nhdi~d nd daduomhýi; ac} ~zd} }hgthdi~d}! ao uozhomhýi nd nh}~hi~o} mozom~dzâ}~hmo} nda `czh"vci~d }t|dzehmhoa nda }tdac qtd zduh}~di hi~dzè} |ozo da d}~ojadmhbhdi~c x nd}ozzcaac nd ao

udgd~omhýi) Ac} uoaczd} nda |ozïbd~zc |D` + |@ mzdmdi mci ao ohzdomhýi nda }tdac! bhdi"~zo} qtd ac} nda hiudz}c nd ao mcintm~huhnon daèm~zhmo (?#MD x ac} nda hiudz}c nd ao ezom"mhýi |cindzoa nd `tbdnon (?#@tbdnon ndmzdmdi mci ao }oahihnon x mci nh}|cihjhahnon ndogto di da }tdac! zd}|dm~huobdi~d) \cz ehi! da nhogzobo 5 hat}~zo ac} bh}bc} no~c} qtd danhogzobo ?! }h jhdi boi~hdid ao} |zc|czmhcid} zdoad} di ac} ~zd} dfd} nd mcczndiono})

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Otiqtd ao} aatuho} c~cÿoad} x |zh"

boudzoad} aouoi ao} }oad} omtbtao"no} di da |zhbdz ndmâbd~zc! ao bo"xczâo nd ao} d}|dmhd} oitoad} òind gcvoz nd mhdz~o ~cadzoimho o ao}oahihnon |ozo mcb|ad~oz }t mhmacjhcaýghmc di d}~o} mcinhmhcid}) ]daadgo o}â o ti ~o|hv `dzjïmdc bd"nh~dzzïidc |dmtahoz! mci oagtio} o}c"mhomhcid} x d}|dmhd} mozom~dzâ}~hmo}!qtd no atgoz o ti |o}~hvoa zhmc digzobâido} x adgtbhic}o} x nd |zc"

ntm~huhnon bcndzono (ò}~o 4 ^b#

@o#oÿc! d}dimhoa |ozo ao oahbdi~o"mhýi nd ao eotio `dzjâuczo nda\ozqtd) ]d ~zo~o nd ti zdmtz}c mcb"|adbdi~ozhc! di ~hdb|c x moahnon!oa nd ao udgd~omhýi nd ao} vcio}hitinojad})

\aoi~o} adÿc}o}Di ac qtd zd}|dm~o o ao} |aoi~o}adÿc}o}! ao boxczâo nd ao} d}|dmhd}ono|~ono} oa mahbo bdnh~dzzïidc zd"qthdzd! oa bdic}! ti o|cz~d }tj"~dzzïidc nd ogto nd mozom~dzâ}~hmo}ondmtono} |ozo |cndz zd}h}~hz ~cncda oÿc) Mo}h ihigtio nd daao} |tdnd~cadzoz ti ihuda ezdï~hmc `h|dz}o"ahic mcbc da dph}~di~d di ao} vcio}daduono} nd ao bozh}bo) Nd `dm`c!}ýac tio} |cmo} d}|dmhd} |zc|ho}nd objhdi~d} `h|dz}oahic} o|zcud"mòi d}~d zdmtz}c }tj}t|dzehmhoa!boi~dihèinc}d udznd} ~cnc da oÿc6ao} qtdic|cnhïmdo} adÿc}o} nd ac}gèidzc} Oz~`zcmidbtb ! ]todno x]ozmcmcziho)

Da oabofc }oaonc ( Oz~`zcmidbtb

bomzc}~om`xtb d}! mci nhedzdimho!ao qtdic|cnhïmdo adÿc}o bï} dp"~dinhno di ao bozh}bo nd Ncÿoio)]t èph~c }d zdaomhcio mci }t mo|o"mhnon mcbjhiono nd o|zcudmòz ao}ogto} `h|dz}oahio} }tj}t|dzehmho"ad}! ntzoi~d da udzoic! x nd zd}h}~hzao hitinomhýi }cbdzo ò}~o uozhc}bd}d}! ntzoi~d ao d}~omhýi `öbdno)Nd o`â qtd òxo hnc goioinc ~dzzd"ic o bdnhno qtd |zcgzd}ozci ac}|zcmd}c} nd nd}dmomhýi! mcabo~omhýix }oahihvomhýi nd ao bozh}bo) Nd}ndda |ti~c nd uh}~o mtoi~h~o~huc ao} mc"btihnond} nd Oz~`zcmidbtb }t|d"zoi ao} 5< ^b#@o nd jhcbo}o }dmo!}h jhdi }t |zcntm~huhnon oitoa d}jofo x ac} ~dfhnc} }tmtadi~c} qtd|zd}di~o }ci |cmc mci}tbhnc} |czao eotio `dzjâuczo! }oauc di mo}c}nd dp~zdbo idmd}hnon)

]hi dbjozgc! da |o|da etimhcioand ao} |aoi~o} adÿc}o} di ao |zc~dm"mhýi nd d}|dmhd} oitoad} ezdi~d o ao|zd}hýi nd ac} `dzjâuczc} x di ao


8) AO BOXCZ \OZ^D ND AO] ND\ZD]HCID] hitinojad} ic }oah"ihvono} nd ao bozh}bo nd}ozzcaaoi di ao d}~omhýi `öbdno tindi}c ~o|hv nd `daýeh~c} dbdzgdi~d}! ncbhionc |cz mh|dzïmdo} ndagèidzc ]mhz|t}) Fti~c mci è}~o} }d nd}ozzcaao tio mtjhdz~o ndbomzýeh~c} oitoad} }tbdzghnc}! di ao qtd ojtinoi oago} mozceh"

~o} (Mòzo! Ih~daao! |aoi~o} omtï~hmo} }t|dzhczd} ( Voihm`daho! Zt||ho ! Zoitimtat}! Moaah~zhm`d x mcaciho} eac~oi~d} nd maczcehao}(Ucaucp ) ôboÿo |zcntmmhýi |zhbozho! oèzdo x }tj~dzzïido! }do|zcudmò |cz ac} `dzjâuczc} nd Ncÿoio o ac aozgc nda mhmacoitoa)

?<) DA BC]OHMC ND OBJHDI^D] nd ao bozh}bo }d |cid nd boihehd}~c di ao} hbïgdid}bta~hd}|dm~zoad} mo|~ono} oa ehioa nd ao d}~omhýi `öbdno) Ao mcb|c}hmhýi nd ao ehgtzo!ò }hnc daojczono |cz Bdioi~dot x Gdeezox |ozo ti |zcxdm~c nd hiud}~hgomhýi di mtz}c!o |oz~hz nd tio hbogdi mo|~ono |cz da }di}cz bta~hd}|dm~zoa nd ]\C^ : di ftihc nd:<<<! mcbjhioinc ti âinhmd iczboahvonc nd udgd~omhýi (qtd zdoavo da mci~zo}~d di~zd dahiezozzcfc mdzmoic x da zcfc mozom~dzâ}~hmc nd ao udgd~omhýi ec~c}hi~è~hmobdi~d om~huomci ac} nc} moioad} }h~tonc} di da zoigc uh}hjad (udznd x zcfc) ]d }d|ozoi ao} vcio} nd"|zhbhno} mci hitinomhýi }cbdzo x }hi udgd~omhýi `daceâ~hmo om~huo ( bczonc#u hcaïmdc ndao} qtd ao |zd}di~oi (udznd hi~di}c) Ao} vcio} daduono} ( Oz~`zcmidbtb }d nh}~higtdi|cz }t mcaczomhýi |oznc"udznc}o) Ao gzoi moi~hnon nd bo~hmd} hi~dzbdnhc}! uh}hjad} di ao}vcio} nd ~zoi}hmhýi! no hndo nd ao diczbd uozhojhahnon d}|omhoa nd ac} |ozïbd~zc} ob"jhdi~oad} dph}~di~d di ao bozh}bo di ti bcbdi~c nonc) A

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gdidzomhýi nd `ïjh~o~} nd bhmzc"mahbo nhedzdimhonc nd ao} vcio} nd}"mtjhdz~o}! zduh}~d }tbc hi~dzè} |ozoboi~didz ao `d~dzcgdidhnon ob"jhdi~oa x |zd}dzuoz ti jtdi iöbdzcnd d}|dmhd} `dzjïmdo})

]h~tomhcid} hi~dzbdnho}Di~zd ac} nc} dp~zdbc} nd}mzh~c} ndagzonhdi~d bozh}bdÿc! }d }tmdndi tiohiehihnon nd }h~tomhcid} hi~dzbdnho}!qtd nhehdzdi ahgdzobdi~d di~zd }â dida zèghbdi nd hitinomhýi x cphgd"iomhýi nda }t}~zo~c x di ao }oahih"non nda bh}bc) Daac |zcntmd tiouozhomhýi gzontoa nd ao ndi}hnon xmcb|c}hmhýi nd ao mtjhdz~o udgd~oa!ò}~o qtd }d aadgo o ao }t}~h~tmhýind ao d}|dmhd c d}|dmhd} |dzdiid}ncbhioi~d} |cz c~zo t c~zo} bdfczono|~ono} o ao} mcinhmhcid} bdnho}hb|dzoi~d})

Mtoinc }cjzduhdidi mhmac} |at"zhoitoad} nd nèehmh~ `ânzhmc }d o}h}~do tio mcacihvomhýi nd ao} vcio} nd"|zhbhno} |cz ao} qtdic|cnhïmdo}adÿc}o}! oa nd}o|ozdmdz! ntzoi~d ti|dzâcnc }tehmhdi~d! ao} mcinhmhcid}nd oicpho |zcacigono qtd hb|hndi}t d}~ojadmhbhdi~c) Ac} `daýeh~c}!qtd iczboabdi~d cmt|ojoi d}~o} vc"io}! ndfoi nd |zcntmhz uï}~ogc} cac òmdi di d}mo}o |zc|czmhýi! |dz"boidmhdinc etinobdi~oabdi~d di aoeczbo zd}h}~di~d (zhvcbo di d}|dzond oÿc} bï} `öbdnc}) \cz da mci"~zozhc! mtoinc }cjzduhdidi mhmac} ö"bdnc}! }d |zcntmd ao dzzonhmomhýind ao} |cjaomhcid} nd qtdic|cnhï"mdo} adÿc}o} x da |zdncbhihc nd ac}`daýeh~c} di ao} vcio} nd|zhbhno})

O bdnhc x aozgc |aovc! }hi db"jozgc! ac zdaduoi~d d} ao dph}~dimhond ~dindimho} }tjxomdi~d} jofc ao}eatm~tomhcid} io~tzoad} nd nh}~hi~c}|dzâcnc}) ^zo} ao bdzbo (o bdic}nd ti ~dzmhc nd ac} o|cz~d} }t|dz"ehmhoad} nd ogto qtd zdmhjâo ao bo"zh}bo òmd mhimtdi~o oÿc}! ao} qtd"

ic|cnhïmdo} adÿc}o} òi |cnhncmcacihvoz itduo} vcio}) D}o cmt"|omhýi ò mci~zhjthnc oa |otao~hicomcinhmhciobhdi~c nda }t}~zo~c! oao~zo|oz }dnhbdi~c} di }t}|di}hýi x|zc|hmhoz ao daduomhýi gzontoa ndaihuda! di moi~hnon }tehmhdi~d |ozogozoi~hvoz }t |c}~dzhcz }t|dzuhudi"mho ntzoi~d ac} mhmac} `öbdnc}) ]deczboi! nd d}~d bcnc! zcnoad} ah"gdzobdi~d daduonc} qtd |dzbh~dida d}~ojadmhbhdi~c nd |aoi~o} `dzjï"mdo} |zc|ho} nd vcio} bï} daduono}!

o bcnc nd h}ao}! di da }dic nd ao}vcio} hitinojad})

Ao} mcbtihnond} oitoad} zd}"|cindi mci boxcz |zd}~dvo o ac}mobjhc} mâmahmc} di ao} mcinhmhc"id} nda bdnhc! nd eczbo qtd! ndomtdznc mci }t} zoigc} dmcaýghmc}!bhgzoi òmho ozzhjo c òmho ojofcdi da gzonhdi~d nd daduomhýi x ndhitinomhýi! di zd}|td}~o o mhmac} `ö"bdnc} c }dmc}! zd}|dm~huobdi~d;di d}o zdommhýi }d òaaoi mcinhmhc"iono} |cz ao mcb|c}hmhýi nda joimcnd }dbhaao} nda }tdac mci}cahnoncdi ac} oÿc} |zdmdndi~d})

Da et~tzcnd ao bozh}bo nd NcÿoioIc }d nh}|cid nd ti bcndac c|d"zo~huc qtd |dzbh~o d}~hboz ao duc"atmhýi bï} |zcjojad nd ao} uozho"

jad} nda bdnhc eâ}hmc x nd ao mtjhdz~oudgd~oa jofc nh}~hi~c} d}mdiozhc}mahbï~hmc} c nd boidfc nda ogtodi ao vcio) ]hi dbjozgc! da oiïah"}h} nd ac} mobjhc} cmtzzhnc} di aobozh}bo ntzoi~d ac} öa~hbc} }hgac}x! btx d}|dmhoabdi~d! ntzoi~d ac}öa~hbc} mhimtdi~o oÿc}! ic} eomta~o|ozo hndi~hehmoz ~dindimho} qtd |t"nhdzoi omojoz mcb|zcbd~hdinc ~oi~c}t mozïm~dz nd zd}dzuo jhcgdiè~hmond czgoih}bc} ono|~onc} o mcinh"mhcid} objhdi~oad} |dmtahozd} mcbc

}t higdi~d |zcntmmhýi |zhbozho!d}dimhoa |ozo da }c}~dihbhdi~c ndao eotio)

Nd}nd ao mzdomhýi nda \ozqtd! aoeotio udz~djzono nda bh}bc ò mo|"~onc gzoi |oz~d nd ao o~dimhýi x|zdcmt|omhýi nd ac} czgoih}bc} gd}"~czd}! hiud}~hgonczd} x nda |öjahmcdi gdidzoa) \dzc nheâmhabdi~d }d|cnzï gozoi~hvoz }t }t|dzuhudimho}hi ouoivoz di da mcicmhbhdi~c ndao} mcb|adfo} hi~dzommhcid} x ndah"monc} dqthahjzhc} dph}~di~d} di~zd ac}eom~czd} nda bdnhc x ac} |zcntm~c"zd} |zhbozhc} qtd oahbdi~oi! di öa"~hbo hi}~oimho! ao }higtaoz eotio ndao bozh}bo nd Ncÿoio) O d}~d zd}"|dm~c! }hgtdi |adiobdi~d uhgdi~d}ac} |zcjadbo} qtd }d |aoi~dojoi òmdxo mo}h ?4 oÿc}6 ao tiheczbhvomhýinda zèghbdi `hnzc}oahic! ao |zd}hýi

dpmd}huo nd `dzjâuczc} x ao mci~o"bhiomhýi nd czhgdi oi~zý|hmc)

Uoxobc} mci da |zhbdz |zcjadbo!ao tiheczbhvomhýi nda zèghbdi `h"nzc}oahic) O mot}o nd ao }oahihvo"mhýi |zcgzd}huo nda }tdac! |cz oa~d"zomhýi nda zèghbdi io~tzoa ndmhzmtaomhýi x duomtomhýi nda ogtodi ao vcio! c o mot}o nd ao hiti"nomhýi dpmd}huo! |cz dbjoa}obhdi~coz~hehmhoa nda ogto |cz dimhbo nd aomc~o io~tzoa nd nd}ogñd! }d d}~ï |zc"ntmhdinc tio `cbcgdidhvomhýi nda


??) UOZHOMHCI O \D_TDßO D]MOAO nd ao} mozom~dzâ}~hmo} nda objhdi~d eâ}hmc x udgd"~omhýi nd ao bozh}bo }oahio nd Ncÿoio) Ao omtbtaomhýi nd ogto di ao} bhmzcnd|zd}hcid}eouczdmd o ac} `daýeh~c} nda gèidzc ]mhz|t} x o ac} bomzýeh~c} oitoad} }tbdzghnc}) ]hidbjozgc! jo}~oi o|dio} tic} mdi~âbd~zc} nd daduomhýi |ozo qtd ac} zcnoad} nd

Oz~`zcmidbtb |tdnoi }tj}h}~hz x eouczdmdz ao di~zono nd c~zo} d}|dmhd} oitoad} bdic}zd}h}~di~d} o ao hitinomhýi)

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bdnhc eâ}hmc nd ao bozh}bo x! mcbcmci}dmtdimho! tio |èznhno di ao jhc"nhudz}hnon)

Ao duoatomhýi nd ac} mobjhc}cmtzzhnc} di ac} |zhimh|oad} gzt|c}nd udgd~omhýi |dzdiid ò}~o ?88?|dzbh~d zdaomhcioz da himzdbdi~c oz"~hehmhoa nd ao }t|dzehmhd hitinono!ao ndgzonomhýi nd ao} |aoi~o} o}c"mhono} o ao} qtdic|cnhïmdo} adÿc}o}nd ao} vcio} daduono} x ao dp~di"}hýi nd tio d}|dmhd ( Ftimt} }tjt"ao~t} bdfcz ono|~ono o }t}~zo~c}}oahic} mci hitinomhýi }cbdzo xeatm~toi~d) Ac} mobjhc} di ao ud"gd~omhýi! o}cmhonc} oa dpmd}hucdbjoa}obhdi~c nd ogto |cz }cjzd"daduomhýi nda ihuda bïphbc nd hiti"nomhýi! |tdndi zd}tbhz}d di nc}|zhimh|oad})

Ti |zhbdz mobjhc mcimhdzid o ao|èznhno di ao `d~dzcgdidhnon d}|o"mhoa mci o~ditomhýi nd ac} gzonhdi"~d} io~tzoad}) \cz ti aonc! }d |zc"ntmd tio ~oznâo mcb|oz~hbdi~omhýind ao aïbhio nd ogto qtd hieatxddi ao uozhojhahnon idmd}ozho |ozo omc"gdz nhedzdi~d} mcbtihnond} nd |aoi"~o} omtï~hmo} }tbdzghno} x! |cz c~zc!}d zdntmd mci}hndzojadbdi~d da d}"|omhc nh}|cihjad |ozo da nd}ozzcaacnda |o}~hvoa nd ao} vcio} daduono};oa |zc|hc ~hdb|c! dph}~d ti nd}|ao"vobhdi~c nd ao }t|dzehmhd cmt|ono|cz Ftimt}! di ao} qtdjzono}! mcizd}|dm~c o Oz~`zcmidbtb di }cah"~ozhc! di ac} |omhad})

Da }dgtinc mobjhc }d zdeadfo diao nhiïbhmo nda ogto) Otiqtd }dò himzdbdi~onc da |dzâcnc nd hiti"

nomhýi nd ao} vcio} nd|zhbhno}! }tnhiïbhmo ò |o}onc nd ti eatfc |zïm"~hmobdi~d mci~hitc o c~zo nd ~h|cmo}h dinczzdhmc) Da ~zïi}h~c zd|dz"mt~d di ao hi~di}hnon nd aouonc ndac} |zhbdzc} mdi~âbd~zc} nd }dnh"bdi~c}! mcinhmhcioinc ao} mozom"~dzâ}~hmo} nda }t}~zo~c x nd ao mc"atbio nd ogto qtd }ci o}|dm~c}maoud |ozo da d}~ojadmhbhdi~c x |dz"}h}~dimho nd mcbtihnond} nd ]mhz|t}x |ozo da nd}ozzcaac nd nh}~hi~o} d}"|dmhd} nd |aoi~o} omtï~hmo} }tbdz"ghno})

]d d}~ïi duoatoinc ac} mobjhc}di ac} ihudad} nd }oahihnon nda }tdacc|dzonc} ntzoi~d ac} öa~hbc} ?4 oÿc}|ozo nd~dm~oz dudi~toad} |zcmd}c} ndomtbtaomhýi }oahio qtd |tdnoi bc"~huoz ao nd}o|ozhmhýi nd ao} mcbt"ihnond} bï} |zcntm~huo} nd ao} vc"io} hitinojad})

Ao |èznhno nd ac} czhghioad} o|cz"~d} eatuhoad} o ac} moÿc}! qtd |zc"acigojoi ao `tbdm~omhýi x eomhah~o"joi da aouonc nd ao} }oad} nd ac}motmd}! dp|ahmo ao nd}o|ozhmhýi ndd}|dmhd} nd ^`x|ò x \`zogbh~d}qtd ic ~cadzoi |dzâcnc} nd }dqtâo|zcacigonc}) ]d d}~ï hiud}~hgoinc!o}â bh}bc! da |c}hjad mozïm~dz zd"ahm~c nd btmò} nd ao} |cjaomhcid}nd ]mhz|t}! nono ao diczbd nhehmta"~on qtd |ozdmd dph}~hz |ozo da d}~o"jadmhbhdi~c nd d}~o} d}|dmhd} bd"nhoi~d }dbhaao}! di ao} mcinhmhcid}`cx hb|dzoi~d}! x }t zd}h}~dimho od}~ojadmdz}d di ïzdo} oz~hehmhoabdi~dzdbcuhno} c dpmouono})

\zd}hýi nd dzjâuczc}Itbdzc}c} hinhmonczd} o|ti~oi diao nhzdmmhýi nd qtd ao bozh}bo ndNcÿoio |tdnd d}~oz }tezhdinc tiodpmd}huo |zd}hýi nd `dzjâuczc}! ndao goiondzâo }cjzd ~cnc! ac qtd|cnzâo himhnhz di ao |dzuhudimho ndbtmò} d}|dmhd} |oao~ojad}! mcb"|zcbd~dz ac} |zcmd}c} nd mzdmh"

bhdi~c"o}hbhaomhýi qtd |dzbh~dida boi~dihbhdi~c nd ac} `daýeh~c}d hieathz idgo~huobdi~d di ao |c"~dimhoahnon nda }t}~zo~c)

Ao mcimdi~zomhýi nd oud} qtd }d}t}~di~oi nd ao udgd~omhýi! |zc|h"mhono |cz ao zdntmmhýi nd ao }t|dz"ehmhd mci}dzuono nd bozh}bo} o bd"ic} nd ti :< $ nd }t dp~di}hýiczhghioa! x ao |zcahedzomhýi nd gzoi"nd} `dzjâuczc} }haud}~zd} hi~di}heh"moi ac} mobjhc} di da bdnhc eâ}hmc)\zdcmt|omhýi qtd }d etino di ti


?:) AO] OGTO] NTAMD] qtd nzdioi nd}nd ao} ozdio} nd Ncÿoio zduh}~di }tbo hb|cz"~oimho |ozo da boi~dihbhdi~c nd ao} mcbtihnond} |dzdiid} nda jcznd nd ao bozh}bo;

|dzbh~di ao |dzuhudimho nd d}|dmhd} ic ono|~ono} o ao} eatm~tomhcid} di da zèghbdi`hnzc}oahic |zc|ho} nd ao} vcio} nda hi~dzhcz nd ao bozh}bo)

Oÿc

\omhad}(Oz~`zcmidbtb

” ::07 ò ?::4 ò

_tdjzono}(Ftimt}"Oz~`zcmidbtb

” 4<? ò ?447 ò

Bozh}bo jofo(]mhz|t}

0?4 o ?<:: o ?<5> o

Atmhc}(}hi udgd~omhýi |dzdiid

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?=) DUCATMHCI ^DB\CZOA nd ao} }t|dzehmhd} cmt|ono} |cz ao} |zhimh|oad} tihnond}nd udgd~omhýi! di 5<<< `dm~ïzdo} nd ao vcio }tz nd ao bozh}bo nd Ncÿoio) A

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}ýahnc d}~tnhc zdmhdi~d! }h jhdi icmojd ~ob|cmc tio }catmhýi }hb|ah}~oo d}~d |zcjadbo! di ~oi~c qtd ao `dz"jhuczâo bcndzono mci~zhjtxd oa boi"~dihbhdi~c nd ao nhudz}hnon x |zc"ntm~huhnon udgd~oa di da dmc}h}~dbond bozh}bo}) Tio dahbhiomhýi zo"nhmoa nd oagtio nd d}~o} hieatdimho}|tnhdzo noz atgoz o mobjhc} hb|zd"uh}hjad} di ao ducatmhýi nd ao mt"jhdz~o udgd~oa)

Ao ommhýi nda `cbjzdFti~c mci ao obdiovo qtd zd|zd"}di~oi ac} udz~hnc} ogzâmcao} ndadi~czic |ozo ac} }tdac} x udgd~o"mhýi nd ao bozh}bo! |dz}h}~âo nd}ndòmd oÿc} da zhd}gc ndzhuonc nd ac}o|cz~d} nd bd~oad} |d}onc} oa zâcGtonhoboz) Di ao |zhboudzo nd ?880!tio mondio nd `dm`c} ecz~th~c} ~dz"bhiozci |cz bo~dzhoahvoz ao obdiovo

di eczbo nd zhono ~ýphmo qtd! o nt"zo} |dio}! acgzý nd~didz}d di dabh}bc aâbh~d icz~d nd ao bozh}bonda \ozqtd Iomhcioa)

Ic cj}~oi~d ac oi~dzhcz! no~c} zd"mhdi~d} |ozdmdi hinhmoz qtd ao bo"zh}bo mci}dzuo ao `tdaao nd tio om"~huhnon `tboio bhadiozho di dadi~czic) @ox |ztdjo} nd qtd |oz~dnd ac} }tdac} nd ao} vcio} hitino"jad} |zd}di~oi ihudad} }hgihehmo~huc}nd mci~obhiomhýi |cz dadbdi~c}

~zovo (oz}èihmc! di mcimzd~c x ndqtd nhm`c} dadbdi~c} }d ~zoi}ehdzdi!oa bdic}! o ac} |zhbdzc} ihudad} ndao} mondio} ~zýehmo})

]d d}~ïi ucauhdinc o oioahvozbtd}~zo} nd }tdac} ~cbono} ?4 c:< oÿc} o~zï}) Ac} |zhbdzc} zd}ta"~onc} |ozdmdi hinhmoz qtd ao mci"~obhiomhýi nda hi~dzhcz nda \ozqtdiono ~hdid qtd udz mci da ommhndi~dnd ao} bhio} nd Ovioamýaaoz) D}|c}hjad qtd ao} bh}bo} om~huhnond}`tboio} mtdimo ozzhjo qtd! oa bd"ic} nd}nd ao è|cmo zcboio! eouc"zdmhdzci ao mcabo~omhýi omdadzononda oi~hgtc aogc Ahgtz! òxoi mci"~zhjthnc o ao mci~obhiomhýi nda zâcGtonhoboz x! o ~zouè} nda bh}bc!o |oz~d nd ac} }dnhbdi~c} x |aoi"~o} nd itd}~zo vcio `öbdno bï}dbjadbï~hmo)

Di ao om~toahnon! }d aaduo o mojc

ti d}~tnhc qtd ojozmo da mcicmh"bhdi~c nd ao} ~o}o} nd }dnhbdi~o"mhýi nd ao bozh}bo ntzoi~d da öa"~hbc bdnhc }hgac! ao ducatmhýi ndac} }tdac}! di |oz~hmtaoz ao nhiï"bhmo nda czhvci~d }ïahmc (`czhvci~dnd omtbtaomhýi nd }oad} x ao duc"atmhýi nd ao nh}~zhjtmhýi gdcgzïehmond ao} o}cmhomhcid} udgd~oad} bï}|zcntm~huo}) D}~d d}~tnhc |cnzâo }di"~oz ao} jo}d} nd ao zdgdidzomhýi ndao bozh}bo x }t mci}dzuomhýi)


Ath} Madbdi~d! Ath}"Udi~tzo Gozmâo! Fc}è Ath} D}|hioz! Ftoi ]) Mozo x OndaoBczdic mci}~h~txdi ti gzt|c nd hiud}~hgomhýi di da nd|oz~obdi~c nd gdcdmcacgâo ndaHi}~h~t~c nd Zdmtz}c} Io~tzoad} x Ogzcjhcacgâo nd ]duhaao (M]HM! ndnhmonc oa d}~tnhcnda bdnhc eâ}hmc x }t zdaomhýi mci ao} mcbtihnond} udgd~oad}) Di d}o aâido! aaduoibï} nd :4 oÿc} d}~tnhoinc ao ducatmhýi nd ao} mozom~dzâ}~hmo} nda bdnhc eâ}hmc x aoudgd~omhýi di da d}|omhc io~tzoa nd Ncÿoio! }cjzd da qtd òi |tjahmonc bï} nd ><~zojofc} di zduh}~o} iomhcioad} d hi~dziomhcioad}) Di ao om~toahnon! mcaojczoi di da d}"~tnhc nd ac} }tdac} oedm~onc} |cz ao bozdo ~ýphmo nd Ovioamýaaoz x nd}ozzcaaoi uozhc}|zcxdm~c} nd hiud}~hgomhýi }cjzd ao ~dindimho ducat~huo nda bdnhc eâ}hmc x ao udgd~o"mhýi io~tzoa di da \ozqtd Iomhcioa nd Ncÿoio x ao zdgdidzomhýi nd vcio} nd bozh}bozdmhdi~dbdi~d zd}~otzono} di da bozmc nda \aoi Ncÿoio :<<4)

]TDAC] NDA \OZ_TD IOMHCIOA ND NCßOIO) A) Madbdi~d! A) U) Gozmâo x \) ]hafd}~zõb) Bh"ih}~dzhc nd Bdnhc Objhdi~d; ?880)

GDCBCZECACGÂO NDA \OZ_TD IOMHCIOA ND NCßOIO) O) Zcnzâgtdv) Bhih}~dzhc nd Bdnhc Ob"jhdi~d; ?880)

OIÏAH ]H] ND A O HIMHNDIMHO ND AC] GZOIND] @DZJ ÂUCZ C] DI AO BO ZH]B O X UD ZO ND A \OZ_TD

IOMHCIOA ND NCßOIO) Z) M) ]czhgtdz! O) Zcnzâgtdv! A) Ncbâigtdv) Bhih}~dzhc nd BdnhcObjhdi~d) Bonzhn; :<<?)

DMCA CGÂO ND A O] MCBTIHNOND] ND GZOIND] @D AÝE H C] ND A O BOZH]BO NDA \OZ_TD IOMHC"IOA ND NCßOIO) F) A) D}|hioz) ^d}h} Ncm~czoa) Tihudz}hnon nd ]duhaao; :<<>)

Ac} ot~czd}

Di ?88:! tio |hdnzo zdjc~ý =0 ud"

md} di ao }t|dzehmhd nd ti aogc)Mcadboi BmG`dd! nd D}~onc}

Tihnc}! d}~ojadmâo o}â ao itduo bozmobtinhoa nd zdjc~d} }cjzd da ogto) Di:<<:! da eâ}hmc ezoimè} Axndzhm Jcmqtd~!d}|cadonc |cz }t `hfc! oioahvý ao eâ}hmonda zdjc~d) Uobc} o jo}ozic} di }t~zojofc |ozo d}~tnhoz mýbc zdjc~oi ao}|hdnzo} di da ogto) Dpobhiozdbc} ac}eom~czd} nda èph~c6 ao udacmhnon nd aoi"vobhdi~c! ao himahiomhýi nda moi~c x aoudacmhnon nd zc~omhýi) ³Omo}c |cnzdbc}jo~hz da zèmczn3

Ucauobc} o ao |hdnzo6 ³Mtïa d} ao etdzvo qtd |zc"

|czmhcio da btdaad qtd ao òmd zdjc~oz3 Ao |zïm~hmodi}dÿo qtd da moi~c ndjd aoivoz}d mci tio udacmhnonjo}~oi~d oa~o d himahiïincac ti |cmc òmho o~zï}) ]h daaoivobhdi~c d} zo}oi~d! da moi~c }d nd}ahvozï tic}hi}~oi~d} }cjzd da ogto! mcbc ti d}qthoncz omtï~hmc!}d ezdiozï x `tinhzï6 bï} ndi}c qtd da ogto! ic|tdnd eac~oz! |td} da db|tfd nd Ozqtâbdnd} ic mcb"|di}o }t |d}c) Tio etdzvo nd }t}~di~omhýi }hbhaoz oao qtd }d dfdzmd }cjzd ti oao nd ouhýi d} ao qtd ad|dzbh~d }dgthz }t}|dinhnc) D} |zc|czmhcioa o ao ndi"}hnon nda ogto bta~h|ahmono |cz ao }t|dzehmhd mci qtdda cjfd~c ~cmo da ogto x |cz da mtonzonc nd }t udac"mhnon) \ozo ac} cjfd~c} |aoic}! da mcdehmhdi~d nd |zc"|czmhcioahnon d} mdzmoic o <!4) Hgtoaoinc d}~o etdzvond }t}~di~omhýi oa |d}c! }d nd~dzbhio da czndi ndbogih~tn nd ao udacmhnon `czhvci~oa bâihbo idmd}ozho|ozo qtd da cjfd~c }d }c}~digo }cjzd da ogto)

\ozo bcudz}d }cjzd da ogto))))))d} idmd}ozhc ic |d}oz ndbo}honc x nd}|aovoz}d btxzï|hnc) Da jo}hah}mc! ti aogoz~c }tzobdzhmoic! mczzd |czao }t|dzehmhd nda ogto |dzc |d}o }ýac ti mdi~dioz ndgzobc}) ³_tè |o}o mci ti `cbjzd nd 0< khacgzobc}qtd nd}dd |zom~hmoz da jozdecc~ ! d} ndmhz! d}qthoz }c"jzd da ogto mci ao |aoi~o nd ac} |hd} mcbc d}qtâd}3]h ao }t|dzehmhd nd ao} nc} |aoi~o} nd ac} |hd} }tbo=4< mdi~âbd~zc} mtonzonc}! }oad tio udacmhnon nda cz"

ndi nd :4 khaýbd~zc} |cz `czo) Di zdoahnon! }d omdzmo

bï} o ac} 5< khaýbd~zc} |cz `czo) Itd}~zo d}~hbomhýino! |td}! tio udacmhnon nda czndi nd ao bh~on nd ao zd"qtdzhno) ]ýac |cnzdbc} nd}|aovozic} |cz dimhbo ndaogto }h ic} ozzo}~zo ti jozmc o gzoi udacmhnon)

³_tè |o}ozï mci ti moi~c qtd |d}d jo}~oi~d! nh"gobc} qtd :<< gzobc}! mci eczbo nd nh}mc o|ao}~oncx 4 mb nd zonhc3 Da mïamtac ic} no tio udacmhnon bâ"ihbo nd }ýac :!4 khaýbd~zc} |cz `czo) O tio udacmhnonboxcz qtd è}o! ao etdzvo nd }t}~di~omhýi }t|dzo da|d}c x da moi~c zdjc~o) Mtoinc ao |hdnzo! adudbdi~dhimahiono! zcvo ao }t|dzehmhd nda ogto! }ýac ao ~cmo mciao |oz~d |c}~dzhcz) Ao }t|dzehmhd nd mci~om~c! x |cz~oi~c ao }t}~di~omhýi! d} btx |dqtdÿo) O bdnhno qtdao |hdnzo himahiono }d `tind di da ogto! otbdi~o ao}t|dzehmhd nd mci~om~c x mci daac ao }t}~di~omhýi6 o}â

|td}! ao etdzvo nd }t}~di~omhýi d} |zc|czmhcioa oa `ti"nhbhdi~c nd ao |hdnzo di da ogto) Da ogto }d mcb|cz~omcbc ti btdaad mtxo zhghndv etd}d |zc|czmhcioa oamtonzonc nd ao udacmhnon `czhvci~oa) Zdjc~oinc did}d btdaad! da moi~c }oa~o di }di~hnc mci~zozhc x }oadnda ogto)

Mci tio udacmhnon daduono! d}d bdmoih}bc òzïqtd mtoaqthdz cjfd~c zdjc~d di da ogto) Ntzoi~d ao]dgtino Gtdzzo Btinhoa! ac} oahonc} ac o|zcudmòzci|ozo nd}~zthz tio |zd}o di da zâc Bcìd! di da uoaadnda Zt`z) Dzo hb|c}hjad zdmtzzhz o ti jcbjozndc maï"}hmc! |td} ao nd}~ztmmhýi nda dnhehmhc idmd}h~ojo tiodp|ac}hýi |zcetino di da }dic nda ogto x mci~zo ao |o"zdn) Di mtoi~c o ac} ~cz|dnc}! òjzâoi }hnc nd~dihnc}|cz ao} zdnd} nd |zc~dmmhýi mcacmono} |cz ao Wd`zbom`~)Ao }catmhýi hndono |cz da higdihdzc higaè} Jozid} Woaah}mci}h}~hý di òmdz zdjc~oz tio} jcbjo} mhaâinzhmo} diao }t|dzehmhd nda dbjoa}d ò}~o ao |ozdn nd ao |zd}o)Ao} jcbjo} etdzci aoivono} nd}nd tio oa~tzo nd ?0bd~zc} |cz ouhcid} qtd ucaojoi o ><< khaýbd~zc} |cz`czo) Mci tio bo}o nd bï} nd mto~zc ~cidaono}! ao}jcbjo} zdjc~ozci uozho} udmd} }cjzd da ogto! o|dio}`tinhèinc}d bhdi~zo} da btdaad `hnzcnhiïbhmc }d boi"~tuc om~huc) \o}ozci o}â |cz dimhbo nd ao} zdnd} nd|zc~dmmhýi x zdmczzhdzci ac} o|zcphbonobdi~d ><< bd"~zc} qtd ao} }d|ozojoi nd ao |zd}o) Oa m`cmoz mci ao|ozdn! }d nd}ahvojoi |cz è}~o òmho da ecinc! ncind

d}~oaaojoi)

MTZHC]HNOND] ND AO EÂ]HMO

Da oz~d nda zdjc~d

Fdoi"Bhm`da Mctz~x x Dnctozn Khdzahk

J Z T I C U

O M O Z C

?) Mtoi~c bï} }d `tind da moi~c! boxcz d} ao etdzvo `hnzcnhiïbhmo6 da ogto }d mcb|cz~o mcbc ti btdaad) D}o etdzvo }d dfdzmd }cjzdao |oz~d |c}~dzhcz nda moi~c x ~hdind o òmdz qtd jo}mtad òmho ondaoi~d) \cz ~oi~c! òx qtd d}~ojhahvoz ao czhdi~omhýi nd ao |hdnzohb|zhbhèincad ti ghzc }cjzd }â bh}bo)




D}~ojhahvoz ao himahiomhýiMci tio udacmhnon }tehmhdi~d x tio czhdi~omhýi mci"~zcaono! xo `dbc} `dm`c zdjc~oz da moi~c) \ozo qtdac} zdjc~d} |c}~dzhczd} }d dedm~ödi di ao} bh}bo}mcinhmhcid}! ndjdbc} mci}dgthz qtd ao |hdnzo himhnomono udv di da ogto mo}h nd |aoic) Ntzoi~d da zdjc~d!

ao etdzvo `hnzcnhiïbhmo }d dfdzmd d}dimhoabdi~d di ao|oz~d |c}~dzhcz nd ao |hdnzo x è}~o ~dindzï |cz daac ojo}mtaoz òmho ondaoi~d) \ozo duh~oz d}d bcuhbhdi~c!da aoivoncz }omo |oz~hnc nda dedm~c ghzc}mý|hmc! qtd|tdnd zd}tbhz}d o}â6 mtoinc ti cjfd~c ghzo zï|hno"bdi~d! mtd}~o bï} òmdzad mobjhoz nd czhdi~omhýi qtdmtoinc ic ghzo)

Di dedm~c! cj}dzudbc} tio |dcivo) Adudbdi~d hi"mahiono d hibýuha! modzï }h ao }ca~obc} nd ao boic)Nèbc}ad di mobjhc ti bcuhbhdi~c adi~c nd zc~omhýi}cjzd }â bh}bo6 modzï! |dzc btm`c bdic} nd|zh}o qtdoi~d}) @ogobc}! |cz öa~hbc! qtd ghzd btx udacvbdi~d)Xo ic }d modzï; |dzboidmdzï dzgthno }cjzd ao |ti~o!nd}oehoinc ao gzoudnon) Ono|~oinc da oiïah}h} nd ao|dcivo oa |zcjadbo nda zdjc~d! d} |c}hjad nd~dzbhiozao udacmhnon bâihbo nd zc~omhýi qtd |dzbh~d d}~ojhahvozao czhdi~omhýi nd ao |hdnzo) \ozo itd}~zc nh}mc |aoic!d}o udacmhnon bâihbo nd zc~omhýi d} hgtoa o ao zoâvmtonzono nd ao omdadzomhýi nd ao gzoudnon nhuhnhno |czda zonhc nd ao |hdnzo! c }do! nc} utda~o} |cz }dgtinc|ozo tio |hdnzo nd mhimc mdi~âbd~zc} nd zonhc)

\cz öa~hbc! |ozo jo~hz da zèmczn! òjzï qtd udimdz dacj}~ïmtac bï} ~dbhjad! ao} |èznhno} nd didzgâo) Da ogto}cbd~d o ao |hdnzo ic }ýac o ao etdzvo nd }t}~di~o"mhýi! }hic ~objhèi o tio zd}h}~dimho oa ouoimd qtd aohzï ezdioinc) Oioahmdbc} |zhbdzc ao }h~tomhýi mtoincao |hdnzo }d nd}ahvo |cz da ogto6 mcbc di ti oao nd

ouhýi! ao etdzvo nd zd}h}~dimho d} |zc|czmhcioa o ao}t}~di~omhýi) ]hi dbjozgc! bhdi~zo} qtd di ti |ao"idoncz ao zd}h}~dimho oa ouoimd uoad }ýac ti uhgè}hbcnd ao }t}~di~omhýi! di da mo}c nd ao |hdnzo objo}etdzvo} }ci bï} c bdic} hgtoad}) Mcbc ao }t}~di~o"mhýi dqthahjzo da |d}c! ao zd}h}~dimho oa ouoimd d} ~ob"jhèi hgtoa oa |d}c6 di ao `czhvci~oa cmtzzd ac qtdòjzâo }tmdnhnc }h `tjhèzobc} aoivonc ao |hdnzo udz"~hmoabdi~d6 ao omdadzomhýi d} mci}~oi~d! c|td}~o o aoudacmhnon d hgtoa oa |d}c nd ao |hdnzo) Ao nh}~oimho zd"mczzhno |cz ao |hdnzo }dzï! |td}! hgtoa o ao oa~tzo qtdoamoivozâo ao |hdnzo aoivono òmho ozzhjo mci ao bh}boudacmhnon hihmhoa)

Ih ndbo}honc oa~c ih ndbo}honc jofc³_tè |o}o o`czo mci da zdjc~d3 Ao etdzvo nd }t}"~di~omhýi d} itao bhdi~zo} ao |hdnzo d}~ï di da ohzd xboxcz qtd da |d}c ntzoi~d da zdjc~d) Ic cj}~oi~d!gzomho} o ao io~tzoadvo daï}~hmo nda m`cqtd di~zd nc}zdjc~d} ao |hdnzo zd~cziozï }hdb|zd! bï} c bdic}! o

}t oa~tzo hihmhoa6 ao etdzvo nd }t}~di~omhýi mcb|di}odi |zcbdnhc da |d}c dpom~obdi~d! mcbc di ao eo}d ndnd}ahvobhdi~c) Ao zd}h}~dimho oa ouoimd d} o}â hnèi~hmodi |zcbdnhc o ao dph}~di~d di da nd}ahvobhdi~c) ]hgihehmodaac qtd ao nh}~oimho zdmczzhno |cz ao |hdnzo oi~d} nd`tinhz}d nd|dind öihmobdi~d nd ao udacmhnon `czhvci~oahihmhoa x ic nda iöbdzc nd zdjc~d}) Mcbc ao ntzomhýi~c~oa nd ao }t}|di}hýi d} hiuozhojad! zd}ta~o d}dimhoaaoivoz ao |hdnzo `czhvci~oabdi~d x ac bï} jofc |c}h"jad) ]h }d ao aoivo nd}nd tio oa~tzo dpmd}huo c }h aadgooa ogto ndbo}honc himahiono! zdjc~ozï oa~c! ac} zdjc"~d} d}~ozïi bï} d}|omhonc} x ao nh}~oimho aâbh~d }d oa"moivozï di |cmc} zdjc~d}) Oa mci~zozhc! mtoi~c bï}`czhvci~oa x |zýphbc oa ogto }do da aoivobhdi~c! bï}zdntmhno }dzï ao ob|ah~tn nd ac} zdjc~d} x bï} zï|h"nobdi~d }d }tmdndzïi x! |ozo tio nh}~oimho nono! ~oi~cboxcz }dzï }t iöbdzc)

Di zdoahnon! da m`cqtd mci da ogto ic d} |dzedm~o"bdi~d daï}~hmc6 di mono zdjc~d! nh}bhitxd ao oa~tzo ndzdjc~d) Mcbc tio jcao aoivono mci~zo da }tdac! ao |hd"nzo ndfozï nd zdjc~oz oa mojc nd ti ~hdb|c ehih~c6 ac}zdjc~d} md}oi mtoinc ao oa~tzo nd zdjc~d }d òmd bd"icz qtd da `tinhbhdi~c nd ao |hdnzo) ]h da ~hdb|c oamojc nda mtoa md}oi ac} zdjc~d} d} bdicz qtd da~hdb|c qtd ao |hdnzo hiuhdz~d di |ozoz}d! è}~o }dgthzï}t mobhic nd}ahvïinc}d oi~d} nd `tinhz}d6 d} ac qtd}d cj}dzuo }h ao |hdnzo }d aoivo btx jofo) Ac hndoa!

|cz ac ~oi~c! d} oft}~oz ao oa~tzo nd aoivobhdi~c nd bcncqtd objc} ~hdb|c} mchimhnoi)

Zdmo|h~tadbc}6 tio udacmhnon `czhvci~oa ac boxcz |c"}hjad! ti |dqtdÿc bcuhbhdi~c nd zc~omhýi x ti aoivo"bhdi~c |aoic nd}nd tio oa~tzo mciudihdi~d) ]hgthdincd}~c} mci}dfc}! |tdnd qtd acgzdbc} oamoivoz ao bozmobâ~hmo! itimo `cbcacgono! nd ac} hiehih~c} zdjc~d}) Ditio mcb|d~hmhýi mdadjzono di nâo jztbc}c! tio nd ao}|hdnzo} etd o |dzndz}d di ao ihdjao) Di ot}dimho ndhieczbomhýi onhmhcioa! da ftzonc ndmaozý udimdncz o }taoivoncz o~zhjtxèincad hiehih~c} zdjc~d}) \ztndi~d}! ao}hi}~oimho} nd d}~d nd|cz~d ic òi `cbcacgonc }dbd" foi~d zèmczn)

:) Da d}qthoncz }d boi~hdid }cjzd ao }t|dzehmhd nda ogto gzomho}o tio etdzvo nd }t}~di~omhýi qtd dqthahjzo }t |d}c) Ao zd}h}~di"mho |tdnd oamoivoz uoaczd} dqthuoadi~d} oa |d}c nda d}qthoncz)

=) Ac} oahonc} nd}~ztxdzci tio |zd}o oadboio òmhdinc zdjc~oz}cjzd oa ogto jcbjo} nd uozho} ~cidaono} nd |d}c) Da ghzc zï|hnc}cjzd }â bh}bo nd mono jcbjo boi~diâo }t czhdi~omhýi)

^zommhýi

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J Z T I C U

O M O Z C

Ac} nâo} }hgthdi~d} o ao} dadmmhcid} gdidzoad}

}hdb|zd }d cxd x }d add omdzmo nd ao} ozjh~zo"zhdnond} x ogzouhc} nda }h}~dbo dadm~czoa6 mýbc

ti nh|t~onc zdqthdzd bdic} uc~c} di nd~dzbhiono}|zcuhimho}! mýbc ~oa eczbomhýi ~hdid mhimc udmd} bï}uc~c} qtd c~zo |dzc ao bh~on nd nh|t~onc}! d~m) Ao}mzâ~hmo} ghzoi }cjzd ~cnc di ~czic o ao zdgao N‘@ci~ )]dÿoao è}~o mýbc o}hgioz ac} d}moÿc} nd mono |zc"uhimho o ac} |oz~hnc} |caâ~hmc} }dgöi da iöbdzc nd uc"~c} zdmhjhnc}) Ao zdgao N‘@ci~ d} tio nd ao} |c}hjad}}catmhcid} nda |zcjadbo nd zd|oz~c ! qtd dimci~zobc}di mtoaqthdz }h~tomhýi di ao qtd ndjo zd|oz~hz}d oagceczbonc |cz tihnond} hinhuh}hjad} (ac} nh|t~onc} ndamcigzd}c)

]t|cigobc} qtd ~zd} |oz~hnc} |caâ~hmc}! O! J x M!

òi cj~dihnc! zd}|dm~huobdi~d! =<<! ?>< x 5< uc~c}!di tio |zcuhimho o ao qtd mczzd}|cindi mhimc nh|t~o"nc}) Ao ezommhýi nd uc~c} nda |oz~hnc O d} =<<#4<< 22 <!5) ]t zd|zd}di~omhýi di da |ozaobdi~c ndjdzâo }dz|zc|czmhcioa; d} ndmhz! ac bï} ft}~c d} qtd oamoivozo<!5 × 4 2 = nh|t~onc}) @o}~o oqtâ da zd|oz~c uo jhdi)\dzc ao ezommhýi nd uc~c} nda |oz~hnc J d} ?><#4<< 22 <!:0 x ad mczzd}|cindi <!:0 × 4 2 ?!> nh|t~onc})Ehioabdi~d! oa |oz~hnc M ad mczzd}|cindi (5<#4<< × 4 22 <!5 nh|t~onc})

O`czo jhdi6 ic |tdnd òjdz nh|t~onc} ezommhciozhc})@ox qtd o|zcphboz da zd|oz~c o iöbdzc} di~dzc}) (\cnzâomci}hndzoz}d ti |ozaobdi~c di da qtd da uoacz nda uc~cnd ac} nh|t~onc} etdzo ezommhciozhc! |dzc }dbdfoi~d|c}hjhahnon }t|cinzâo tio mcb|ahmomhýi dpmd}huo di daetimhciobhdi~c nd ao mïbozo) Da iöbdzc ezommhciozhcnd nh|t~onc} qtd ad mczzd}|cindzâo o mono |oz~hnc }dndicbhio mtc~o nd zd|oz~c ) Di itd}~zc dfdb|ac! ao mtc~ond zd|oz~c nd O d} =! ao nd J d} ?!> x ao nd M d} <!5)Da |zcjadbo nda zd|oz~c mci}h}~d di nh}dÿoz ti bè~cncqtd o|zcphbd d}~c} iöbdzc} o iöbdzc} di~dzc})\cnzâobc} |di}oz di zdncindozac}! |zcmdnhbhdi~còjh~toa di ao} mhdimho} dp|dzhbdi~oad}6 }h ao |oz~d nd"mhboa nd ao mtc~o nd zd|oz~c d} hiedzhcz o <!4! zdnci"ndobc} oa di~dzc hiedzhcz x }h d} }t|dzhcz o <!4! zd"ncindobc} oa di~dzc }t|dzhcz) Mci d}~d bè~cnc! oa|oz~hnc O ad mczzd}|cindzâoi = nh|t~onc}! oa J ? nh"

|t~onc x oa M ? nh|t~onc) \dzc cmtzzd qtd ic }hdb|zdao }tbo nd ao} mtc~o} zdncindono} d} hgtoa oa iöbdzcnd nh|t~onc} o zd|oz~hz)

Udïbc}ac) Mci ac} zd}ta~onc} nd ao ~ojao }hgthdi~d!}h |zd~dindbc} zd|oz~hz mhimc d}moÿc}6

òx ti d}moÿc qtd qtdno }hi zd|oz~hz) Da zdncindc ndao} mtc~o} ic zd}tdaud! |td}! da |zcjadbo nda zd|oz~c)

Ti bè~cnc qtd }â ac }catmhcio d} da nd @obha~ci! cnd ao} |oz~d} ndmhboad} boxczd}) Di d}~d bè~cnc! }do}hgio o mono |oz~hnc ti iöbdzc nd d}moÿc} hgtoa oao |oz~d di~dzo nd }t mtc~o) ^zo} d}d |zhbdz zd|oz~c!qtdnozïi |cz o}hgioz oagtic} d}moÿc}; }d o~zhjthzïi!tic o tic! o ac} |oz~hnc} mtxo mtc~o oamoimd ao bo"xcz |oz~d ndmhboa) Mci ac} no~c} hihmhoad}! da bè~cncnd @obha~ci etimhciozâo nd ao }hgthdi~d eczbo6

Di ao |zhbdzo o}hgiomhýi `dbc} zd|oz~hnc }ýac > d}"moÿc}! = |ozo O x ? |ozo J) Da d}moÿc qtd }cjzo }do}hgio oa |oz~hnc mtxo mtc~o ~digo ao boxcz |oz~d nd"mhboa) Di d}~d mo}c d} da M! mtxo |oz~d ndmhboa d} <!5!}t|dzhcz o <!< (|oz~d ndmhboa nd ao mtc~o nd O x o <!>(|oz~d ndmhboa nd ao mtc~o nd J) Da bè~cnc nd @obha~ci|ozdmd ft}~c o |zhbdzo uh}~o) ]hi dbjozgc! |zd}di~otio gzoud ndehmhdimho) \ozo }omozao o ao atv! udobc}qtè cmtzzd }h! di udv 4 d}moÿc}! }d ~zo~o nd zd|oz~hz?:) Ao ~ojao d} di~cimd} (zdmczndbc} qtd ao mtc~o ndti |oz~hnc mci p uc~c} d} o`czo (p #4<< × ?:6

Da d}moÿc qtd qtdno }hi zd|oz~hz mci ao} |oz~d} di"~dzo} }d uo oa |oz~hnc M! |czqtd ~hdid ao mtc~o mci|oz~d ndmhboa boxcz (<!>>) ]h zd|oz~hbc} ?= d}moÿc}!

ao ~ojao }dzâo6

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bdzc ~c~oa nd d}moÿc}) ôa }h~tomhýi! mcicmhno |cz |o" zoncfo nd Oaojobo ! }d nhc di ti d}~tnhc }cjzd ao o}hg"iomhýi nd d}moÿc} o ac} nh}~hi~c} d}~onc} nd DD)TT)di ?00<! ac qtd mcintfc oa mcigzd}c o onc|~oz c~zcbè~cnc nd zd|oz~c di ?8<?) ]hi dbjozgc di D}|oÿo dazd|oz~c nd d}moÿc} |cz |zcuhimho} }hgtd òmhèinc}dbdnhoi~d da bè~cnc nd @obha~ci) Ehioabdi~d! da bè"~cnc nd @obha~ci oncadmd nd ti }dgtinc himciud"ihdi~d) Di cmo}hcid}! da otbdi~c nd uc~c} nd ti |oz"~hnc! boi~dihèinc}d mci}~oi~d da iöbdzc nd uc~c} ndazd}~c! |tdnd nd~dzbhioz qtd nhmò eczbomhýi |caâ~hmoudo bdzbono }t zd|zd}di~omhýi |ozaobdi~ozho6 }d ~zo~ond ao |ozoncfo nd ao |cjaomhýi ) Ac nd}dojad }dzâo tibè~cnc dpdi~c nd objo} |ozoncfo})

Ao eobc}o zdgao N‘@ci~! qtd di DD)TT) }d mcicmdmcbc bè~cnc nd Fdeedz}ci! }d òaao ahjzd nd ~oad} nd"ehmhdimho}) Ao zdgao N‘@ci~ mci}h}~d di dadghz ti mcböinhuh}cz n qtd nhuhnd da iöbdzc nd uc~c} mci}dgthnc|cz mono |oz~hnc) Ac} iöbdzc} zd}ta~oi~d} }d zdnci"ndoi |cz ojofc! d} ndmhz! dahbhioinc ao |oz~d ndmhboa)]d cj~hdid! o}â! ti iöbdzc nd d}moÿc} o}hgionc}mtxc ~c~oa |tdnd c ic }dz hgtoa oa iöbdzc ~c~oa nd d}"

moÿc} o zd|oz~hz) ]d oft}~o di~cimd} da nhuh}cz n ! ndbcnc qtd mchimhnoi objc} iöbdzc}) ³Mýbc om~öo diitd}~zc dfdb|ac }h qtdzdbc} zd|oz~hz mhimc d}moÿc}3\zcjdbc}! |cz dfdb|ac! ac} ~zd} nhuh}czd} n 2 4<! 74!?<< x moamtadbc} ac} mcmhdi~d}6

Udbc} qtd da nhuh}cz 4< no atgoz oa zd|oz~c 5! :! ?!d} ndmhz! ti ~c~oa nd 8 d}moÿc}! qtd d} boxcz qtd ac}mhimc d}moÿc} o zd|oz~hz) Da nhuh}cz ?<<! |cz da mci"~zozhc! zd}ta~o ndbo}honc oa~c! xo qtd mcintmd oa zd"|oz~c =! ?! <! mtxc ~c~oa d} >) Da nhuh}cz 74 |zcntmd dazd|oz~c nd}donc6 >!?!<! qtd }tboi ti ~c~oa nd mhimcd}moÿc})

\dzc da bè~cnc N‘@ci~ ~hdid ti }dzhc |zcjadbo)Zdmczndbc} qtd ao mtc~o nd zd|oz~c nda |oz~hnc O d}dpom~obdi~d =) ]hi dbjozgc! ao zdgao N‘@ci~ ad òc~czgonc > d}moÿc}) Ac nd}dojad }dzâo qtd mtoaqthdzbè~cnc o}hgio}d o ~cnc} ac} |oz~hnc} ti iöbdzc ndd}moÿc} qtd etd}d c jhdi da di~dzc hiedzhcz o }t mtc~o

c da di~dzc hibdnho~obdi~d }t|dzhcz o }t mtc~o) \czdfdb|ac! }h ao mtc~o d} :!8! da |oz~hnc ndjdzâo cj~didzmcbc bïphbc = d}moÿc} x mcbc bâihbc :) D}~o |zc"|hdnon }d aaobo mcinhmhýi nd ao mtc~o x |ozdmd aýghmcdphghz qtd mtoaqthdz bè~cnc ft}~c ao mtb|ao)

O`czo jhdi! da bè~cnc N‘@ci~ ic ao }o~h}eomd! }dgöi`dbc} uh}~c) ³Ndjdzâobc} |cz daac nd}dmòzac3 Aozd}|td}~o ic d} }dimhaao) Joahi}kh x Xctig ndbc}~zo"zci di ?85< qtd ic dph}~d ihigöi bè~cnc qtd udzheh"qtd ao mcinhmhýi nd ao mtc~o x qtd d}~è dpdi~c nd ao}|ozoncfo} nd ao |cjaomhýi x nd Oaojobo) D}~c} bo"~dbï~hmc} ndbc}~zozci! |cz ~oi~c! qtd ic dph}~d tibè~cnc nd zd|oz~c |dzedm~c) @ox qtd }omzhehmoz }hdb"

|zd oagc x d}d }omzhehmhc mci}~h~txd xo tio ndmh}hýi|caâ~hmo) Btm`c} |hdi}oi qtd ao} |ozoncfo} nd Oaojobox nd ao |cjaomhýi }ci bï} noÿhio} qtd ao mcinhmhýind ao mtc~o x! di mci}dmtdimho! ndehdindi da bè~cncN‘@ci~ x c~zc} bè~cnc} qtd t~hahvoi ti nhuh}cz mcböi)

Ac} bè~cnc} nda nhuh}cz mcböi }d jo}oi di da bh}bc|zhimh|hc qtd da N‘@ci~) ]d nhuhndi ac} uc~c} |cz ti nh"uh}cz mcböi n ) Ac} bè~cnc} nhehdzdi di ao eczbo nd zd"ncindoz ac} mcmhdi~d} cj~dihnc}) Da bè~cnc nd Wdj}~dz !|cz dfdb|ac! ac} zdncindo nda bcnc òjh~toa! ~cboincda di~dzc }t|dzhcz }h ao |oz~d ndmhboa nda mcmhdi~d d}boxcz c hgtoa qtd <!4) Di itd}~zc dfdb|ac! da bè~cncnd Wdj}~dz nozâo ti zd|oz~c 5!=!? |ozo n 2 4<; >!:!:|ozo n 2 74; x =!?!? |ozo n 2 ?<<) Da nhuh}cz mczzdm~c}dzâo ?<< x da zd|oz~c ehioa! =!?!?! nhedzdi~d nda zd|oz~cN‘@ci~) Di d}~d mo}c! da bè~cnc nd Wdj}~dz }â mtb"|ad ao mcinhmhýi nd ao mtc~o! |dzc }d |tdndi dimci~zozc~zc} dfdb|ac} di ncind ic ao udzhehmo)

Nd ac} bè~cnc} nda nhuh}cz! ³mtïa d} bdfcz3 Mcbcxo `dbc} nhm`c! ihigtic d} |dzedm~c) ]hi dbjozgc!|tdnd ndbc}~zoz}d qtd da N‘@ci~ eouczdmd ac} |oz~h"nc} mci boxcz iöbdzc nd uc~c} (di itd}~zc dfdb|ac

d}~d }d}gc d} duhndi~d) Nd `dm`c! di DD)TT) ac |zc"|t}c Fdeedz}ci |czqtd }t d}~onc! Uhzghiho! dzo da bï}|cjaonc di ?78<) D}~d }d}gc òmho |oz~hnc} gzoind}ò }hnc btx mci~zcudz~hnc di itd}~zc |oâ}) \cz c~zcaonc! ~objhèi Joahi}kh x Xctig ndbc}~zozci di ?80<qtd da öihmc bè~cnc qtd mozdmd nd }d}gc} òmho |oz"~hnc} mci bï}! c mci bdic}! uc~c} d} |zdmh}obdi~dda nd Wdj}~dz) _thvï} è}~d öa~hbc }do ti bè~cnc ndzd|oz~c o mci}hndzoz |ozo itd}~zc }h}~dbo dadm~czoa)

Oagtic} adm~czd} qthvï }d òxoi }cz|zdinhnc nd aodp|c}hmhýi qtd `dbc} `dm`c oqtâ nd ao zdgao N‘@ci~)@ojh~toabdi~d }d dp|ahmo nda }hgthdi~d bcnc) ]d nh"uhnd da iöbdzc nd uc~c} nd mono |oz~hnc |cz ?! :! =!)))! i ! }hdinc i da iöbdzc nd d}moÿc} o zd|oz~hz) Nd~cnc} d}c} mcmhdi~d} }d dahgdi ac} i boxczd} x }d cj"~hdid o}â da zd|oz~c (di itd}~zc |oâ}! ondbï}! }d dah"bhioi oi~d} nd òmdz d}~o ~ojao ac} |oz~hnc} mci ti|czmdi~ofd nd uc~c} hiedzhcz oa =$) Di itd}~zc dfdb"|ac ao ~ojao nd mcmhdi~d} }dzâo6

Ac} mhimc mcmhdi~d} boxczd} }ci6 =<<! ?4<! ?><! ?<<x 74) Mto~zc nd daac} di ao ehao nda |oz~hnc O x ?! di aonda J) \cz ~oi~c! da zd|oz~c d} >!?!<! qtd mchimhnd mcida qtd `dbc} òaaonc t~hahvoinc da bè~cnc nda nhuh}cz)Da adm~cz |tdnd ndbc}~zoz qtd d}~o eczbo nd òaaoz dazd|oz~c N‘@ci~ d} dqthuoadi~d o ao nda nhuh}cz)

@dbc} uh}~c }ýac tio |dqtdÿo |oz~d nd ao} bo~d"bï~hmo} dadm~czoad}) ]h nd}doi |zcetinhvoz bï} di daao}!ad} zdmcbhdinc ao |ïghio wdj ‑Ao dadmmhýi }cmhoa6 ti}tdÿc hb|c}hjad‒! nd Joz~cacbè Jozmdaý! |zced}cz nd aoTihudz}hnon Ot~ýicbo nd Bonzhn (`~~|6##www)tob)d}#joz"~cacbd)jozmdac#mtz}c)`~ba)

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nd nhbhit~c nho|o}ýi |cnzâo }dz ao |hdvo maoudnda zdacf qtd bozmo ac} }dgtinc} di itd}~zobtÿdmo)

Mo}h da 8< |cz mhdi~c nd ac} zdacfd} bcndzic}}ci dadm~zýihmc}) Di daac}! ao |hao }tbhih}~zo aodidzgâo qtd btdud ao} boidmhaao} c om~huo ao|oi~oaao nd mzh}~oa aâqthnc! |dzc }ci ac} c}mhaonc"zd} nd mtozvc „di d}dimho! nho|o}cid} uhjzoi"~d}„ o ac} qtd }d ndjd da jo~hnc zdgtaoz nd ac}

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Nd}nd da Zdiomhbhdi~c! da bcuhbhdi~c nd ao}boidmhaao} nd ac} zdacfd} cziobdi~oad} mczzhý omozgc nd ztdno} ndi~ono} x ucaoi~d} hi~dzmc"idm~onc}! ommhcionc} |cz |èintac}! mci~zo|d}c}c zd}cz~d} ~di}onc} o boic) O mcbhdivc} nda }h"gac PHP! ac} oz~d}oic} }thvc} xo eojzhmojoi mcb"|adfc} zdacfd} nd |ta}dzo x etinojoi db|zd}o}qtd ncbhiozâoi da bdzmonc ntzoi~d bï} nd ti}hgac) Ac} zdacfd} cziobdi~oad} nd mtozvc db|d"vozci o mcbdzmhoahvoz}d di ~czic o ?8>< x tic}ojta~onc} zdacfd} nd |ta}dzo ~oi~dozci da bdzmoncdi ac} oÿc} }d}di~o; |dzc ao boxczâo nd ac} eo"jzhmoi~d} mci}hndzojo d}o ~èmihmo bdzo mtzhc}h"non) Tio} |cmo} ehzbo} }thvo} |dzedmmhciozciac} nh}dÿc}) Ao} db|zd}o} fo|cid}o}! }hi db"jozgc! bhiho~tzhvozci da c}mhaoncz! ao |hao! da bc"~cz x ac} mhzmth~c} x }d ontdÿozci nda bdzmoncdi ao nèmono nd ?87<) Ac} eojzhmoi~d} ~zonhmhc"ioad} ~oznozci :< oÿc} di zdmt|dzoz}d x }tboz"}d o ao itduo mczzhdi~d)

Ac} zdacfd} bdmïihmc}! bï} zdehionc} qtd itimo!

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î \ZCGZOBOZ6 Da bhmzc|zcmd}oncz nd ti zdacf nhgh~oa nd nhdvdtzc} d} bï} |c~di~d qtd da |zcmd}oncz nda O||ad HH qtd gdid"

zoahvý da t}c nd ac} czndionczd} |dz}cioad} di ~czic o ?80<)Oqtda oÿc! zdmtdzno da uhmd|zd}hndi~d Act B) Goaahd! hbdp icdb|adojo ihigöi dp|dz~c di }ce~wozd; }hi dbjozgc! om~toa"bdi~d bï} nd ao bh~on nda |dz}cioa ~èmihmc d}~ï hi~dgzonc |cz|zcgzobonczd})

î MCB\AHMOMHCID]6 O etimhcid} nd oznwozd }t|adbdi~o"zho}! moadinozhc}! |cz dfdb|ac! ac} eojzhmoi~d} nd zdacfd} ao} aao"boi ‑mcb|ahmomhcid}‒) Di ?70=! da oboi~d nd Bozâo Oi~cihd~odimozgý o Ojzoòb Jzdgtd~ da bï} mcb|ahmonc nd ac} zdacfd}|dz}cioad} o}~o di~cimd} mcimdjhnc) \ozo mtoinc d}~tuc omo"jonc! ao zdhio xo ojâo }hnc ndmo|h~ono) Di ?8:7! da bogio~d ndao hint}~zho ot~cbcuhaâ}~hmo Fobd} \omkozn |ogý :4<< nýaozd}|cz ti zdacf nd |ta}dzo qtd hinhmojo ao |c}hmhýi nd ao} d}~zdaao}nd}nd }t mo}o nd C`hc)

î

MTOZVC X BO] MTOZVC6 Ac} nhbhit~c} nho|o}cid} ndmtozvc |zc|czmhcioi ao} ezdmtdimho} nd zdedzdimho o bhaacid}nd m`h|} nd czndionczd}! ~daèecic} mdataozd}! ~zoi}bh}czd} ndzonhc! ~zoi}md|~czd} nd }o~èah~d x }hi~d~hvonczd} nd bö}hmo)Mtoi~c bï} mcz~c} }doi ac} nhdi~d}! bï} oa~o ao ezdmtdimho)

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Mhzmth~chi~dgzonc

Bc~cznd |o}c o |o}c

Ztdno}x ucaoi~d}

Mczcio(oft}~oao} boidmhaao}

Ucaoi~d

:) DI AC] ZDACFD] ND MTOZVC OIOACGHMC] }ddb|adoi da bh}bc c}mhaoncz x da bh}bc mhzmth~c nd zdoahbdi"~omhýi qtd di ac} bcndac} nhgh~oad}! |dzc tic} mhzmth~c} hi~d"gzonc} zdntmdi da zh~bc dpom~obdi~d o nc} uhjzomhcid} |cz}dgtinc) D}~o} ozzoimoi x |ozoi ti bc~cz nd |o}c o |o}c!da mtoa btdud x nd~hdid oa }dgtindzc mci mono ~hm~om)

=) AC] ZDACFD] BDMOIHMC] NMTDZNO }d |cidi di bozmò gh"zoinc ao mczcio! mci ac qtd }dozzcaao da zd}cz~d |zhimh|oa) ]d oabomdio o}â tio didzgâo qtd }d ahjdzodi |dqtdÿo} moi~hnond} bdzmdn oti d}mo|d) Ao mzcicbd~zâo ao |zc"|czmhcio ti ucaoi~d zc~o~czhc)

>) AC] ZDACFD] OT^CBO^HMC](aaobonc} ~objhèi nhiïbhmc} c ndmtdzno ot~ýicbo }ci ommhcionc}|cz ti mci~zo|d}c nd}dqthahjzoncqtd c}mhao mci da bcuhbhdi~c ndajzovc nda t}tozhc) D}~o c}mhaomhýiom~huo da gdidzoncz nd ti nh}|c}h"~huc nd mtozvc c ozzcaao da zd}cz~d|zhimh|oa bdnhoi~d ti bcuhbhdi~cbdmïihmc)

4) AC] C]MHAONCZD] }d eojzhmoi nd mtozvc}hi~è~hmc) Bdnhoi~d ec~cah~cgzoeâo }d ad} noeczbo nd nho|o}ýi) Ac} |zhbh~huc} }d òmâoibdmoihvoinc mzh}~oad} io~tzoad}) Nonc qtd damtozvc d} ti bo~dzhoa |hdvcdaèm~zhmc! uhjzomtoinc }d o|ahmo tio ~di}hýi daèm~zhmo o }t}dadm~zcnc} mò|onc} di czc)

‑Uè~dzc~d}~obdi~ozho‒ }d aaobýo ao bdmïihmo mtïi~hmo |dz"

gdÿono |cz Ihda} Jc`z x Ozican]cbbdzedan qtd aaduý o }t mtabh"iomhýi Wcaegoig \otah) ]hgthdincao bd~ïeczo jâjahmo! ~oi mozo o }t}|zc~ogcih}~o}! ao ‑Itduo ^hdzzo‒ }dzâoao ~dczâo mtïi~hmo! bo~zhmhoa x cint"ao~czho! d}jcvono! zd}|dm~huobdi~d!|cz Wdzidz @dh}dijdzg x Dzwhi]m`zõnhigdz! di mtxc nd}ozzcaac xd}~ztm~tzomhýi nd}db|dÿý ~objhèi\otah ti |o|da ndmh}huc)

Mcicmhno d} ao zdaomhýi nd ao ~dc"zâo nd ao zdao~huhnon mci ao itduogdcbd~zâo; bdic} nhutagono o|ozdmdao uhimtaomhýi nd ao eâ}hmo mtïi~hmo!oi~hgto x itduo! mci ao bo~dbï"~hmo) Da bh}bc oÿc di qtd iomhý\otah x nd}mtjzhdzo Bop \aoimk damtoi~c nd ommhýi `! d}~c d}! di ?8<<!ti Nouhn @hajdz~ bontzc (^`d @ha"jdz~ Mòaadigd o|zcudmòjo ao c|cz"~tihnon qtd ad jzhinojo da Mcigzd"}c Hi~dziomhcioa nd Bo~dbï~hmc}

zdtihnc} di \ozâ} |ozo |aoi~doz :=|zcjadbo} qtd mcb|dinhojoi ao }h"~tomhýi x ao} |dz}|dm~huo} nd ao nh}"mh|ahio; ao etinobdi~omhýi nd è}~o!iömadc |zhimh|oa nd ao} |zc|td}~o}!zd|dzmt~hzâo di da o}di~obhdi~c ndaitduc diecqtd nd ao bdmïihmo)

@hajdz~ òjâo iomhnc! =0 oÿc} oi"~d}! di Kõihg}jdzg! ncind dph}~âotio etdz~d ~zonhmhýi bo~dbï~hmo qtd}d zdbci~ojo o Fomcjh) Di }t tih"udz}hnon ~zojý obh}~on mci @dzboiiBhikcw}kh! oagc bï} fcudi qtd èa!

x mci Oncae @tzwh~v! ti |cmc bo"xcz) ]d nhmd qtd @hajdz~ onqthzhý}t jo}d bo~dbï~hmo di ac} aozgc} |o"}dc} qtd nojoi ac} ~zd}) Ac mhdz~cd} qtd! oinoinc da ~hdb|c! mciudz"~hzâo d}d bè~cnc |dzh|o~è~hmc di tio|oz~d hb|cz~oi~d nd ao dntmomhýind }t} oatbic})

Ad o~zofc di ti mcbhdivc ao ~dc"zâo nd hiuozhoi~d}! udznondzo }hauo di}t ~hdb|c qtd zdqtdzâo tio ic~ojad|c~dimho nd mïamtac |ozo bcudz}dmci }ca~tzo) (Ti dfdb|ac dadbdi~oand ti hiuozhoi~d d} da nh}mzhbhioi"~d j: ” >om nd tio eczbo mtonzï"~hmo) Di ?000 ouoivý ac qtd nozâodi aaoboz}d da ~dczdbo nd ao jo}d nd @hajdz~ ! qtd ndbc}~zojo ao dph}~di"mho nd hiuozhoi~d} |cz dimhbo ndaihuda mtonzï~hmc x o`czzojo mïamt"ac} |zcahfc}) D}d òaaovgc ad }hzuhý|ozo o}dgtzoz}d ti |td}~c tihudz"}h~ozhc) Edahp Kadhi ad hiuh~ý atdgco Gõ~~higdi! ncind cmt|ý tio mï"~dnzo nd bo~dbï~hmo nd}nd ?084

ò}~o da ehioa nd }t uhno) Di ?087|tjahmý }t Voàjdzhm`~ (?087! ~zo~o"nc qtd }t|t}c ao bontzdv nd ao ~dc"zâo oagdjzohmo nd iöbdzc} x di daqtd hi~zcntfc ao ~dczâo nd mob|c})

\o}ý atdgc o ac} etinobdi~c} ndao gdcbd~zâo! qtd d}~ojadmhý di }tmaï}hmc Gztinaogdi ndz Gdcbd~zhd(?088) Ao bcndahvomhýi nd ao gdc"bd~zâo nd Dtmahnd} |cz mcczndio"no} nd iöbdzc} zdoad}! onuhz~hý! icmci}~h~tâo tio |ztdjo nd mci}h}~di"mho nd ao bh}bo! |td} òjâo qtd

ndbc}~zoz |zhbdzc qtd ao ~dczâo ndac} iöbdzc} zdoad} dzo mci}h}~di~d)]d ~zo~ojo nd ti |zcjadbo iono ~zh"uhoa; ac mcacmý di da }dgtinc atgoznd ao ah}~o |zd}di~ono di \ozâ}) ^zo}ao hid}|dzono btdz~d nd Bhikcw}khdi ?8<8! }d diezo}mý nd boidzo d}"|dmhoa di ao zdaomhýi di~zd bo~dbï"~hmo x eâ}hmo6 di ao jö}qtdno nd dmto"mhcid} bï} gdidzoad} |ozo ao eâ}hmo!oa ~hdb|c qtd Dhi}~dhi |tgiojo |czmzdoz }t ~dczâo gdidzoa nd ao zdao~h"uhnon) Ndi~zc nd ao ~c|cacgâo! x}hzuhèinc}d nd }t ~dczâo nd hiuo"zhoi~d}! nd}ozzcaaý da mcimd|~c nd tid}|omhc nd nhbdi}hcid} hiehih~o})

]cjzd d}~d ‑d}|omhc nd @hajdz~‒ jo}"mtao ao ~dczâo nd mob|c} maï}hmo xmtïi~hmo)

Oatbic nd ti fcudi @hajdz~ diKõihg}jdzg etd ]cbbdzedan ( Ozican ]cbbdzedan ) Wh}}di}mòe~ahm`dz Jzhde"wdm`}da) Oaaâ ad di}dÿozci eâ}hmo\ota Ucakboii x }t oxtnoi~d DbhaWhdm`dz~) Nd ao hieatdimho nd ticx c~zc no ~d}~hbcihc }t ~d}h} nd gzo"nc6 Nhd Whaakñzahm`di Etik~hcidi hindz Bo~`dbo~h}m`di \`x}hk (?08?!di ~czic oa |zcjadbo hzzd}tda~c ndao ~db|dzo~tzo nd ao ^hdzzo! ncind]cbbdzedan duhndimhojo ti |zceti"nc mcicmhbhdi~c nd ao} }dzhd} ndEctzhdz) ]h mci ac} oÿc} }dzâo! di |o"aojzo} nd }t nh}mâ|tac @dh}dijdzg!tic nd ac} ‑öa~hbc} bod}~zc} qtdncbhiojo ~cno ao eâ}hmo nd }t ~hdb|cx zdoahvý hiud}~hgomhcid} di mo}h~cnc} ac} ncbhihc} nd ao nh}mh|ahio‒!mci @hajdz~! di |oz~hmtaoz! o|ti~o"aozâo }t }caudimho bo~dbï~hmo nd}ndtio hihmhoa mczzd}|cindimho di ~czic

A HJZC]

^dczâo mtïi~hmoUè~dzc~d}~obdi~ozho

^@D @HAJDZ^ M@OAADIGD! |cz Fdzdbx F) Gzox) Cpeczn Tihudz}h~x \zd}};Cpeczn! :<<<)

OZICAN ]CBBDZEDAN) Wh}}di}mòe~ahm`dz Jzhdewdm`}da) Ndt~}m`d} Bt}dtb;Böihm`! :<<<)

^@D MCAADM^DN \O\DZ] CE OAJDZ^ DHI]^DHI) Ucatbd 7) ^`d JdzahiXdoz}6 Wzh~hig}! ?8?0"?8:?) O mozgc nd Nhoio Kczbc} Jtm`woan d~ oahh)\zhimd~ci Tihudz}h~x \zd}}; \zhimd~ci! :<<:)

IC ^HBD ^C JD JZHDE! |cz Mòzad} \) Div) Cpeczn Tihudz}h~x \zd}};Cpeczn! :<<:)

Nouhn @hajdz~

o ao} dmtomhcid} hnzcnhiïbhmo}) Di@hajdz~ }d o|cxozï |ozo }t bcic"gzoeâo Tdjdz dhihgd bo~`dbo~h}m`d Otegojdi ot} ndz Dadk~zcnxiobhk (?080)

\ozo }t eczbomhýi bo~dbï~hmo zd"}ta~ý ndmh}huo! }hi dbjozgc! }t zd"aomhýi mci Edahp Kadhi! }t bdi~czx uoadncz di ao} |zhbdzo} d~o|o}ncmdi~d} qtd etd mtjzhdinc6 oxt"noi~âo di Gõ~~higdi! |zced}cz diMaot}~òa x Oqth}gzïi) Di Gõ~~higdi|zd|ozo }t ~d}h} nd òjhah~omhýiqtd o|ozdmd di da Bo~`dbo~h}m`di Oiioadi (?085! ncind o|cz~o tio}catmhýi nd ao dmtomhýi nd cino)]d ndnhmo di d}d ~hdb|c o ao zd"}catmhýi nd dmtomhcid} nhedzdimho"

ad} |ozmhoad}! tio nd }t} `dzzo"bhdi~o} |zdedzhno} di ao dp|ahmo"mhýi nd ao eâ}hmo mtïi~hmo) \dzc dajhicbhc Kadhi"]cbbdzedan uo d}"~zdmòbdi~d ahgonc o ti |zcxdm~chb|cidi~d6 ao Dimxkac|în hd ndz Bo~`dbo~h}m`d Wh}}di}mòe~di ! qtdda |zhbdzc nhzhghý o ac aozgc nd=< oÿc}) Nd omtdznc mci da |aoind Kadhi! ao dimhmac|dnho ndjâo ojoz"moz ic }ýac ao mhdimho bo~dbï~hmo!}hic ~objhèi ao gdcnd}ho! o}~zc"icbâo x eâ}hmo ~dýzhmo) Ad dimozgýo ]cbbdzedan ao dnhmhýi nda ucat"bdi mci}ogzonc o ao eâ}hmo) D}~d}cahmh~ozâo oa |zc|hc Dhi}~dhi qtdzdnom~ozo da o|oz~onc }cjzd zdao~h"uhnon) Oa ic |cndz }o~h}eomdz }t

hiuh~omhýi! }d nh}|t}c o d}mzhjhzaoèa bh}bc! oa ~hdb|c qtd zdmojojoao mcaojczomhýi nd }t oatbic! diBöihm`! \otah) \dzc da jczzoncz qtdè}~d ad di~zdgý! ad hb|zd}hciý ~oi~c!qtd ad o}hgiý ao zdnommhýi di~dzonda oz~âmtac! ti om~c nd dp~zdbomciehoivo! òjhno mtdi~o nda dadimcnd ot~czd}) ]cbbdzedan dzo |czdi~cimd} |zd}hndi~d nd ao ]cmhdnonOadboio nd Eâ}hmo) \zc|t}c ao moi"nhno~tzo nd \otah! qtd etd dadghncbhdbjzc nd ao }cmhdnon di ?8?8)

]cbbdzedan òjâo aadgonc o Bö"ihm` di ?8<5) O |zc|td}~o nd Zõi~"gdi! mtxc ~zojofc }cjzd ao zonhomhýiòjâo nd}ozzcaaonc oÿc} o~zï}! }d adcezdmhý ao mï~dnzo qtd nd}db|dÿozo

Nda mdi~zc nda ]ca o ao ^hdzzoFCTZIDX EZCB ^@D MDI^ZD CE ^@D ]TI! |cz Fomk J)Vhzkdz) \zhimd~ci Tihudz}h~x \zd}}; \zhimd~ci x Cpeczn!:<<:)

Da ahjzc mci}~ztxd tio nd}mzh|mhýi! o ao udv |zdmh}ox |zcetino! nd mýbc d} x qtè omci~dmd di da ]ca

}hgthdinc da uhofd nd ti ec~ýi nd}nd qtd d} |zcnt"mhnc di }t mdi~zc! bdnhoi~d zdommhcid} ~dzbcitmado"zd}! ò}~o qtd aadgo o }t |oz~d bï} dp~dzio x mcb"|adfo! ao o~bý}edzo! qtd }d dp~hdind ò}~o bï} oaaïnda |aoid~o ^hdzzo di eczbo nduhdi~c }caoz) Dp|cid ac qtd ad|o}o di d}~d aozgc ~zoxdm~c ndbï} nd ti bhaaýi nd oÿc}) ]t hi"

eatdimho }cjzd }t mahbo eczbo~objhèi |oz~d nd d}~d |hi~czd}mcuhofd! qtd ~dzbhio mci tio hi~dzd"}oi~d nd}mzh|mhýi nd ac} |zcjad"bo} qtd ~hdidi |aoi~donc} ac}hiud}~hgonczd} di d}~d ïbjh~c)

D} nd zd}oa~oz ao eczbo iozzo"~huo) ]t ot~cz! Fomk Vhzkdz! mci tiadigtofd obdic mci}hgtd dp|ahmozao eâ}hmo nd ac} ediýbdic} qtdcmtzzdi di da ]ca x }t} |ozonhg"bo} mci }tbo maozhnon! }hzuhèi"nc}d nd dfdb|ac} }dimhaac} x }hizdmtzzhz oa adigtofd bo~dbï~hmcqtd o bditnc òmdi hiommd}hjad c nheâmha ao adm~tzo)

\cz ~oi~c! mzdc qtd da ahjzc d} hndoa |ozo ao ozgt"bdi~omhýi x nh}mt}hýi mhdi~âehmo! nd}nd nhedzdi~d}|ti~c} nd uh}~o x t~hahvoinc |oz~d} nd ao eâ}hmo nhudz"}o}) O mc}~o nd |dzndz da mozïm~dz |zdmh}c x mtoi~h~o"~huc qtd o|cz~o da adigtofd bo~dbï~hmc! }d goio ditio uh}hýi gacjoa d hi~dgzonczo |ozo ojcznoz x nd"}ozzcaaoz ac} mcb|adfc} ediýbdic} }caozd}) D}|dmhoa"bdi~d hi~dzd}oi~d d} ao hi~zcntmmhýi nd ~dbo} ndzdmhdi~d hiud}~hgomhýi! fti~c o c~zc} qtd òi dp|dzh"bdi~onc ti mzdmhdi~d otgd di ac} öa~hbc} oÿc}! mcbc}ci ac} nd ao} ~èmihmo} `dahc}â}bhmo}! ac} idt~zhic}}caozd}! ao} hi~dzommhcid} di |ao}bo} oa~obdi~d hcihvo"nc} o oa~o x jofo ndi}hnon! ac} mob|c} bogiè~hmc}

(di mzcbc}edzo! zdghýi nd ~zoi}hmhýi x mczcio x aomciudmmhýi ~tzjtadi~o! cjfd~c nd nhedzdi~d} mo|â~tac})Ac} o}|dm~c} bï} mcb|adfc} qtd zdqthdzdi nd tiodp|ahmomhýi bï} dp~di}o }d zdöidi di tio} ic~o} oaehioa nda ahjzc! btx |zcudm`c}o}; oa hgtoa qtd ac d}ao himat}hýi nd ti gac}ozhc nd |oaojzo} x ~dmihmh}bc})

^cnc daac zdao~onc x ondzdvonc mci oièmnc~o} x nd"~oaad} }cjzd ac} mhdi~âehmc} hiucatmzonc} di ac} nd}mt"jzhbhdi~c} x |aoi~dobhdi~c} ~dýzhmc} qtd òi `dm`c|c}hjad da om~toa mcicmhbhdi~c nda ]ca) Vhzkdz! eâ}hmc

}caoz di om~huc! zdao~o }tmd}c}di ac} qtd ò }hnc mc|zc~ogcih}~oc ac} ò uhuhnc di |zhbdzo aâido!d}|dmhoabdi~d ac} mcimdzihdi~d}

o ac} nd}ozzcaaonc} di D}~onc}Tihnc}) \cz c~zc aonc! ao cjzomtdi~o mci tio jtdio mcadmmhýind hbïgdid}! qtd! ondbï} ndmci~zhjthz o tio dp|ahmomhýi gzï"ehmo nda uhofd bdimhcionc! }cind gzoi jdaadvo |aï}~hmo)

Di ndehih~huo! }d ~zo~o nd tiocjzo d}mzh~o mci |zdmh}hýi! ojti"noi~d di nd~oaad} x btx om~toa)Himcz|czo ac} öa~hbc} nd}mtjzh"bhdi~c} `dm`c} o |oz~hz nd ac}no~c} cj~dihnc} |cz ao} }cino}d}|omhoad} XC@KC@! ]C@C

x ^ZOMD) \hdi}c qtd d} ti ahjzc hndoa |ozo |zced}hc"

ioad} nd ao mhdimho x ~èmihmo! ic dp|dz~c} di ao bo~d"zho! qtd |cnzïi dimci~zoz tio jtdio |td}~o oa nâo}cjzd d}~d ~dbo) O}hbh}bc d} ti ahjzc hndoa |ozo aonh}mt}hýi x mci}ta~o nd |zcjadbo} zdaomhcionc} mciao eâ}hmo! di gdidzoa! x ao }caoz di |oz~hmtaoz! di }dbh"iozhc} mci d}~tnhoi~d} nd o}~zceâ}hmo x eâ}hmo! o}â mcbc di~zd d}~tnhc}c} x oehmhcionc} o ao cj}dzuomhýi}caoz) Ac} oehmhcionc} x d}~tnhoi~d} qtd qthdzoi cj~d"idz tio uh}hýi mcb|ad~o x |zcetino nd ac qtd cmtzzddi da ]ca! x |cz dind di btmò} nd ao} d}~zdaao} qtd|tdjaoi itd}~zc tihudz}c! dimci~zozïi ac qtd jt}moidi d}~o cjzo)

„^DCNCZC ZCMO MCZ^È]




Atnwhg Jca~vboii) ‑DiBöihm` ~tud ao cmo}hýi ndnoz mtz}c} |cz |zhbdzo udvnd eâ}hmo ~dýzhmo x mao}d} d}"|dmhoad} }cjzd mtd}~hcid} ndhi~dzè} om~toa) Bd |zc|t}dic o`czzoz ihigöi d}etdzvc|cz d}~ojadmdz! o ~zouè} nd}dbhiozhc} x mcacqthc}! ti|aoi~da nd eâ}hmo ~dýzhmo‒!o}â nd}mzhjd di }t D}jcvc Ot~cjhcgzïehmc da czhgdi ndao eobc}o d}mtdao nd eâ}hmo!nd ao qtd }oanzâoi Jd~`d!Ndjxd! @dh}dijdzg! @dh~adzx \otah! di~zd c~zc})

Etd ti mo~dnzï~hmc mojoa)]t ncmdimho mtjzâo ~cno aoeâ}hmo maï}hmo di ti mhmacnd ~zd} oÿc}! mci tio mao}dnd |zcjadbo} o mozgc nd}t oxtnoi~d! di ti mcbhdi"

vc Ndjxd x! atdgc! \d~dz\ota Dwoan! di ~hdb|c} nd\otah) Ondbï} nda mhmac!qtd himatâo ao di}dÿoivond dmtomhcid} nhedzdimhoad}|ozmhoad}! ]cbbdzedan hb"|oz~âo ti mtz}c d}|dmhoa(]|dvhoauczad}tig nd nc}`czo} }dboioad} }cjzd ~d"bo} nd hiud}~hgomhýi) Dph"gâo! di dedm~c! o }t} oatbic}! hihmhoz"}d di ao |zc|ho hiud}~hgomhýi nd}ndda mcbhdivc) Di d}d bozmc dp|t}cao d}~ztm~tzo o~ýbhmo x ao} aâido} d}"|dm~zoad}! da ~dbo nd }t eobc}c ah"jzc mtxo |zhbdzo dnhmhýi o|ozdmhýdi ?8?8 ( O~cbjot tin ]|dk~zoaah"ihdi! qtd cezdmâo tio dp|c}hmhýi|ti~haac}o nda diczbd bo~dzhoa d}"|dm~zc}mý|hmc x }t hi~dz|zd~omhýi ndomtdznc mci ao ~dczâo mtïi~hmo ‑uè"~dzc~d}~obdi~ozho‒) ]t o|cz~omhýi oè}~o mci}h}~hý |zhimh|oabdi~d di ao}t}~h~tmhýi! di da bcndac o~ýbhmcnd Jc`z! nd ao mcimd|mhýi nd tio}ýzjh~o} dadm~zýihmo} mhzmtaozd} |czýzjh~o} daâ|~hmo} (mci da iömadc di

ti ecmc; hi~zcntfc ti itduc iöbdzcmtïi~hmc ovhbt~oa) Ao dah|~hmhnonndjâo zd}ta~oz di dedm~c} zdao~huh}~o}qtd o|ozdmdzâoi di ao d}~ztm~tzo ehiond ac} d}|dm~zc} o~ýbhmc})

D}d bh}bc oÿc nd ?8?8 Dhi}~dhi(^`d Mcaadm~dn \o|dz} ce Oajdz~ Dhi"}~dhi) Ucatbd 7) ^`d Jdzahi Xdoz}6Wzh~hig}! ?8?0"?8:? }ojczdý da o|c"gdc nd }t gaczho) ]d db|zdinhdzcinc} dp|dnhmhcid} jzh~ïihmo} |ozo ec"~cgzoehoz da dmah|}d }caoz ~c~oa x o}â }cbd~dz o |ztdjo ao mczzdmmhýi nd

ao ~dczâo gdidzoa nd ao zdao~huhnon)(Ac ozzhd}gonc nd d}~o |zdnhmmhýidhi}~dhihoio x }t d}|dm~omtaoz zo~h"ehmomhýi! c ic eoa}omhýi! nd}|dz~ý oKoza \c||dz nd }t }tdÿc acghmc|c"}h~huh}~o! qtd }d hi}|hzý di ao bh}bo|ozo }t zducatmhciozho ~dczâo nd aomhdimho) Ac} zd}ta~onc} }d |zd}di"~ozci di tio zdtihýi mcifti~o nd aoZdgho ]cmhdnon nd Acinzd} x nd aoZdoa ]cmhdnon O}~zciýbhmo da 5 ndicuhdbjzd) ^zo} d}d d|h}cnhc mci"}ogzoncz! ac} d}mzh~c} nd Dhi}~dhinhdzci ti ghzc) @tjc nd òmdz ezdi~do tio mzdmhdi~d ndboino nd oz~âmt"ac} nd nhutagomhýi x nd mciedzdi"mho} }cjzd zdao~huhnon! }t nd}ozzcaac

x }t }hgihehmonc; `tjc nd zd}|cindzo tio adghýi nd mcbdi~ozh}~o}! nd}"nd eâ}hmc} d}mè|~hmc} ò}~o ehaý}cec}x zdicbjzonc} oi~hzzdao~huh}~o}! oa"gtio} nd mtxo} mzâ~hmo} d}~ojoi ~d"ÿhno} nd oi~h}dbh~h}bc)

Ac} ~dp~c} mhdi~âehmc} zdmcghnc}di d}~d ucatbdi nd ao dnhmhýi nd}t} cjzo} mcb|ad~o} }ci oi~dzhczd}oa d|h}cnhc o}~zciýbhmc x ~hdidi qtdudz mci ao} cino} gzouh~o~czho} (nci"nd mczzhgd ac |tjahmonc di ?8?5! ac}etinobdi~c} nd ao ~dczâo gdidzoa

nd ao zdao~huhnon (qtd zd"eadfoi ao ducatmhýi nd }t|di}obhdi~c ~zo} ao} o|c}"~haao} nd Whaadb nd ]h~~dz!da d}~o~t~c nd ao} }higtaozh"nond} x ao mci}dzuomhýi ndabcbdi~c x nd ao didzgâo)O |zhimh|hc} nd ?8?8! Dhi"}~dhi cezdmâo ti jc}qtdfc ndtio ~dczâo tihehmono nd mob"|c} qtd zdqtdzâo bcnhehmozao} dmtomhcid} nd mob|c}cjzd ao gzouh~omhýi) C~zcgzt|c nd ~dp~c} ac hi~dgzoiac} d}mzh~c} }dbh|c|taozd}x |c|taozd} qtd dp|ciâoiao} hndo} etinobdi~oad} ndao ~dczâo nd ao zdao~huhnon)\dzc nd}nd da oÿc oi~dzhczuhdid hi~di}hehmoinc }t db"|dÿc |cz òaaoz tio ~dczâotihehmono nd mob|c} nd ao

gzoudnon x nda dadm~zcbog"id~h}bc! ti hi~dzè} qtd uh"ic |zcbcuhnc |cz ao ~dczâond mob|c} nd Wdxa! da |zh"bdz dfdb|ac nd ac qtd oi"noinc da ~hdb|c }d mcicmd"zï mcbc ~dczâo nd oeczc) Dida ncbhihc nd ao o}~zceâ}hmo!ojczno! di ?8:?! ao |c}h"jhahnon nd bdnhz ao mci}"

~oi~d mc}bcaýghmo o ~zouè} nd cj"}dzuomhcid} o}~zciýbhmo} nd aomci}~oi~d nd gzouh~omhýi)

^tuc Dhi}~dhi ti hi~èz|zd~d |zd"mcv! qtd o ac} ?0 oÿc}! }hdinc ~c"nouâo oatbic nd jom`haadzo~c di daGxbio}htb nd Nõjahig! d}mzhjhý ti|zcetinc di}oxc ‑]cjzd ac} mcb"|cidi~d} didzgè~hmc} nda mob|cgzouh~o~czhc‒! di da qtd òmâo mcb"|d~di~d t}c nd ao jhjahcgzoeâo d}|d"mhoahvono) ]d ~zo~ojo nd Wcaegoig\otah ( Ic ^hbd ~c jd Jzhde ) ³_thèietd }t bod}~zc3 Div }dÿoao o @oi}Oncae Jotdz! eâ}hmc ~dýzhmc! nd qthdizdmhjhý mao}d} |oz~hmtaozd} di }tè|cmo nd hi}~h~t~c) Jotdz! ]m`zõnhi"

gdz x @oi} ^`hzzhig ~zojofojoi di"~cimd} di zdao~huhnon x ac} ~zd} o|o"zdmdi mh~onc} di da oz~âmtac qtd \otahzdnom~ý |ozo ao Dimxkac|înhd ) Ndaoiïah}h} hi~dzic nda ~dp~c }d hiehdzdqtd }d hi}|hzý di da ~zojofc nd Jotdzx ]m`zõnhigdz! qthdid} òjâoi oio"ahvonc ao} |zc|hdnond} nd ac} mcb"|cidi~d} nd didzgâo nda mob|c gzo"uh~o~czhc di nd~dzbhionc} mo}c})

_thdi |ozdmd òjdz nd}mtjhdz~c|zhbdzc da ~oadi~c dp~zocznhiozhcnd \otah etd }t |onzhic Dzi}~ Bom`)

Ozican ]cbbdzedan

@ojâo è}~d omd|~onc di ?084 ao mï"~dnzo uhdid}o nd `h}~czho x ~dczâond ao} mhdimho} hintm~huo}) Bom`! }hidbjozgc! ic mzdâo di ao zdoahnon ndac} ï~cbc} x }d mciuhz~hý di oi~o"

gcih}~o nd Jca~vboii! }t mcadgo dieâ}hmo ~dýzhmo x ndedi}cz nd ac} eti"nobdi~c} o~ýbhmc} nd ao ~dzbcnh"iïbhmo) Bom`! qtd czhdi~ý o }t o`h"

fonc òmho ao mozzdzo nd mhdimho}!

d}~ob|ý di }t hieatxdi~d ^zo~oncnd bdmïihmo ao }hgthdi~d ndnhmo~c"zho di ?8?=6 ‑Bdhidb ahdjdi \o~di"khin Wcae hi ezdtinahm`db Gdndi"kdi‒) O ac} ?> oÿc} \otah! o qthdi

Da d}|omhcO ^ZHJJAD‘] GTHND ^C ]\OMD! |cz Oaoi ^zhjjad) \zhimd"~ci Tihudz}h~x \zd}}; \zhimd~ci x Cpeczn! :<<<)

Oaoi M) ^zhjjad d} ti dp|dz~c di mc`d~d}) @o nh}d"ÿonc ncmdio} nd ioud} d}|omhoad} |ozo bh}hcid}

nhudz}o}) ]t |zc|ý}h~c oa d}mzhjhz d}~d ahjzc! qtd ic d}da |zhbdzc! etd cezdmdz ‑ac} etinobdi~c} nd ‐qthèi!qtè! mtïinc! nýind! |cz qtè x mýbc‘ zd}|dm~c oa |zc"gzobo d}|omhoa ~oa mcbc }d |zd}di~o di ac} oajczd}nda }hgac PPH‒)

Ofdio di }t zdnommhýi o ~cnc ~dmihmh}bc! ao cjzomci}hgtd d}d cjfd~huc di~zd~dihdinc x mo|~oinc daïihbc nda adm~cz o ~zouè} nd mo}h ?7< |ïghio}! zd|oz~h"no} di~zd }dh} |oz~d} o ao} qtd da ot~cz ic aaobomo|â~tac}! }t|cidbc} qtd |cz mc`dzdimho mci da `d"m`c nd qtd mono tio nd daao} d} ti ~dbo |cz }â bh}bo! qtd |tdnd addz}d mci hind|dindimho nd ao}ndbï}! }hi qtd ao cjzo nè ao }di}omhýi nd }dz tiod}|dmhd nd mofýi nd }o}~zd; oi~d} jhdi! ao hi~dimhýind mciedzhz oa mcifti~c tio tihnonnd |zc|ý}h~c ic d}mo|o o ao |dz"

md|mhýi nda adm~cz)Ao |zhbdzo |oz~d d} tio obdio`h}~czho nda d}|omhc nd}nd ti nhudz"~hnc |ti~c nd uh}~o oi~zc|cmèi~zhmc)Mojzâo oqtâ cjfd~oz x |zdgti~ozqtè `h}~czho ic d} oi~zc|cmèi~zhmo!|dzc è}~o }d ic} oi~cfo d}|dmhoa"bdi~d oi~zc|cmèi~zhmo! xo qtd mc"bhdivo òjaoinc nd ao} nhbdi}hc"id} nd ac} aâbh~d} nd ac qtdaaobobc} d}|omhc ta~zo~dzzd}~zd!di etimhýi nd itd}~zo} |dzmd|mhc"id} bï} nhzdm~o} x ~dzzd}~zd}!x ac} d}etdzvc} nd ac} oi~hgtc}|ozo d}~hboz ao} nhbdi}hcid}

nda }h}~dbo }caoz! |ozo omojoz hi"eczbïincic} nd ao} moahehmomhcid}|zced}hcioad} x ac} }tdanc} nd ac}o}~zciot~o}) ]hgtd tio dp|c}hmhýind ao} uhmh}h~tnd} qtd nd}dbjcmo"zci di ao |zd}dimho! |ozdmd qtd xondehih~huo otiqtd nd}nd atdgc himh"|hdi~d! nda `cbjzd di da d}|omhc!|zd}dimho mtxc} hihmhc} da ot~cz }h~öo o mojoaac di~zdac} }hgac} PUH x PUHH! mtoinc! xo ojoinciono} ao} ~dc"zâo} gdcmèi~zhmo}! ac} o}~zýicbc} mcbdivozci o zdmc"gdz bdnhno} dpom~o} nd ac} bcuhbhdi~c} x |c}hmhcid}nd ac} |aoid~o}; |dzc da ~dp~c ic }d |hdznd atdgc ditio zdaomhýi bï} c bdic} mcb|ad~o nd tic} `dm`c}!mci }t} icbjzd} x edmò}! qtd |tdndi zd}ta~oz bï}

c bdic} eobhahozd}! }hic bï} jhdi }d mdi~zo di ao}nhehmta~ond} nd âincad ~èmihmo! mhdi~âehmo }h }d qthdzd!qtd etd |zdmh}c }oauoz |ozo mci}dgthz d}o |zd}dimho!x mci qtè ‑mc}o}‒ ndjd mci~oz d}o |zd}dimho mtoinc}d mci}cahnd! x o`â d} hidatnhjad oatnhz o ac} ogtfdzc}idgzc})

Ao ~dzmdzo |oz~d ~zo~o nd ao ioudgomhýi di da d}|o"mhc; d} ndmhz! ³mýbc }ci ac} ud`âmtac} d}|omhoad}!mýbc }d |zc|ta}oi! mýbc }d czhdi~oi! mýbc ehfoi }t|c}hmhýi3 Ao} nc} öa~hbo} |zdgti~o} }d hi~di~oi zd}"|cindz |zc|cihdinc oa adm~cz }h~tomhcid} nd zdedzdimho}cjzd da }tdac ~dzzd}~zd c di ao} |zcphbhnond} nd è}~d)Ao zd}|td}~o o ao} nc} |zhbdzo} }d o|zcudmò |ozocezdmdz tio hi~dzd}oi~d dp|c}hmhýi nhutago~huo omdzmond ac} |zcmdnhbhdi~c} nd mciudz}hýi nd ao didzgâo ndtio eczbo o c~zo)

X o`czo qtd xo d}~obc} di da d}|omhc! di aomtoz~o |oz~d nd O ^zhjjad‘} Gthnd ~c ]|omd ! ³mýbcd} da d}|omhc |ozo da `cbjzd nd}nd ti |ti~c nd uh}~obdnhcobjhdi~oa3 Nd}nd atdgc qtd dmòzdbc} nd bd"ic} ao o~bý}edzo x ao gzoudnon ~dzzd}~zd}; x o}â! da~dp~c dp|cid ac qtd zd|zd}di~oi tio x c~zo |ozo ac}`tboic}! c }do! mýbc hi~dzom~öoi mci itd}~zc czgo"ih}bc! x mýbc }d }oauo d}o mozdimho! }hi cauhnoz ao|zd}dimho di da d}|omhc dp~dzhcz nd tio zonhomhýi mý}"

bhmo ic o~ditono |cz ao o~bý}edzo)ôb|cmc òx qtd cauhnoz! x nd daac

}d ~zo~o ~objhèi! ac} dedm~c} qtd}tezdi ac} ud`âmtac} oa ~zo}|o}oz aoezci~dzo nda d}|omhc dp~dzhcz)

Ehioabdi~d! di ao} nc} öa~hbo}|oz~d} }d zdmo|omh~o x }d òmdi oa"gtio} zdeadphcid} nd âincad qthvï|caâ~hmo) Di }t d}~onc om~toa! ao|zd}dimho nda `cbjzd di da d}|omhcd} mci}dmtdimho nd tio }tmd}hýind `dm`c} mono tic nd ac} mtoad}cjdndmhý o ti |zc|ý}h~c ehfonc btxnd oi~dboic nd}nd! nhgobc}! da|zcxdm~c Bdzmtzx ò}~o da |zcgzoboO|cac! |zd}dimho `cx bo~dzhoahvonodi ao om~huhnon nd ao Aoivondzo

D}|omhoa! da ~dad}mc|hc @tjjad x aoD}~omhýi D}|omhoa Hi~dziomhcioa)O`czo jhdi! d}o bo~dzhoahvomhýi ic}d zdntmd! }d ic} zdmtdzno! o d}c}~zd} mo}c}) \ozo qthdid} ntndiomdzmo nd ac} jdidehmhc} qtd |tdnozd|cz~ozic} itd}~zo |zd}dimho di dad}|omhc }d zdmoamo qtd nhmò |zd"

}dimho xo zhind jdidehmhc} hibdnho~c}6 }o~èah~d} bd~dc"zcaýghmc}! }o~èah~d} nd cj}dzuomhýi (|zdnhmmhýi nd mc"}dmò}! |zc}|dmmhcid} ozqtdcaýghmo})))! }h}~dbo}nd mcbtihmomhcid} jo}onc} di }o~èah~d} (da G\]! |czdfdb|ac))) }hi ndfoz nd aonc ao} |c}hjhahnond} |ozo om"~huhnond} |cahmhoad}) (\zd}dimho ondbï} ouoaono |cztio ojtinoi~d jo}tzo d}|omhoa di ýzjh~o oazdndncz nd

itd}~zc |aoid~o) Ao |caâ~hmo xo ic ndjd ghzoz di ~czico }h ndjdbc} }dgthz! }hic mýbc ndjdbc} }dgthz! d}ndmhz! qtè |o}c} noz x mýbc noz d}c} |o}c} nd bcncmc`dzdi~d x! nd}nd atdgc! dmciýbhmc (da mc}~c nd ti}cac nd}|dgtd nd ao Aoivondzo d} nda czndi nd bhabhaacid} nd nýaozd}) „F) UHAOZNDAA

]h}~dbo nd ~zoi}|cz~d d}|omhoa) Mci}~ond ioud x ud`âmtac nd aoivobhdi~c)

ad di}dÿý bo~dbï~hmo} di |zhuoncWha`dab Whz~higdz! zdmcicmhnc dp"|dz~c di ~dczâo nd etimhcid}! nc"bhiojo xo da mïamtac) _thvï Bomàd hieatxdzo ~objhèi di ao hiqthd"~tn ehac}ýehmo! oi~hbd~oeâ}hmo! qtdomcb|oÿý o \otah ~cno }t uhno xqtd dp|ahmo }t hi~di}o zdaomhýi mciM) G) Ftig) (\otah btzhý di ?840mci tio jhcgzoeâo nda zd|zd}di~oi~dbïphbc nd ao ehac}ceâo io~tzoa ndaBdnhduc! }oi Oajdz~c! di ao} boic}6 Ndz Boghdz ) No} Adjdi nd} Oajdz~t} Bogit}! nd Z) Botigozn~) ‑Oinoi"nc da ~hdb|c! bd }di~â o~zoânc |czac} ~dp~c} mhdi~âehmc} nda PUHH x ~ob"jhèi |cz ac} ehaý}cec} io~tzoad} gzhd"

gc} ( Io~tz|`hac}c|`di ‒! d}mzhjhzïo ti uhdfc |zced}cz nda hi}~h~t~c)

^dzbhiono ao di}dÿoivo bdnho!}d bo~zhmtaý! di cm~tjzd nd ?8?0!di ao Tihudz}hnon nd Böihm`! |ozoeczboz}d fti~c o ]cbbdzedan! fdedzdmcicmhnc nd ao eâ}hmo ~dýzhmo oad"boio)

‑Nd ao hi~daahgdi~}ho uhdid}o!o|ti~ý ]cbbdzedan! aadgý ti }cz"|zdindi~d d}|èmhbdi! da fcudi \otah!`hfc nd ti qtâbhmc bènhmc) ]t}nc~d} }t|dzojoi nd adfc} ac} ndNdjxd (}t |zc|hc oxtnoi~d x bï}~oznd |zdbhc Icjda)‒ Ntzoi~d }td}~oimho di Böihm`! ezdmtdi~ý aouhno icm~tzio nd ao mhtnon) ]caâo aad"

goz ~oznd o ao} mao}d} nd ao boÿoio!mci da ~hdb|c ft}~c |ozo udz ao |h"vozzo x òmdz}d tio hndo nd ac dp"|ahmonc! mcb|cz~obhdi~c nâ}mcacqtd ]cbbdzedan ad ~cadzojo) Di da}dbd}~zd nd udzoic nd ?8?8! mtz}ý‑dmtomhcid} nhedzdimhoad} |ozmhoad}‒x ‑zdao~huhnon‒! |ozo d}~tnhoz diac} }hgthdi~d} ‑ý|~hmo‒! ‑nhiïbhmox zdnd} mzh}~oahio}‒! ‑dadm~zcnhiïbh"mo‒! ‑~dczâo nd zoxc} P‒ x ‑dadm~zc"ý|~hmo x bogid~cý|~hmo‒) Ic o}h}"~hý o ao} mao}d} nd bdmïihmo xbdmïihmo nd ac} bdnhc} ndeczbo"jad}! bo~dzho} qtd \otah òjâo o|zdi"nhnc di da ahjzc nd Bom`) Di ftahcnd ?8:? |o}ý da dpobdi czoa mci

Ao io~tzoadvo x }t} mci}~oi~d}^@D MCI]ÔI^] CE IO^TZD! |cz Fcì Jozzcw) Uhi~ogd;

Acinzd}! :<<=)

Fcì Jozzcw d} ti eâ}hmc nh}~higthnc mcicmhnc ~ob"jhèi |cz ao moahnon nd }t} ahjzc} nd nhutagomhýi!

d}mzh~c} di }cah~ozhc c mci oagöi mcadgo) D}~d d} |zc"jojadbdi~d }t ahjzc nd nhutagomhýi bï} zdmhdi~d x }dndnhmo o dp|ahmoz nd eczbo obdio x btx jhdi ncmt"bdi~ono ac qtd }hgihehmoi ao} mci}~oi~d} nd ao io~tzo"advo x mýbc }dzâo itd}~zc tihudz}c }h mobjhï}dbc}oagtic} nd }t} uoaczd}) D}~o} mtd}~hcid} }hdb|zd òi}hnc ndjo~hno}! mci boxcz c bdicz }dzhdnon! |cz ac}mhdi~âehmc} x! di |oz~hmtaoz! eâ}hmc} ndnhmonc} o ao hi"ud}~hgomhýi etinobdi~oa) Mci}hndzc! }hi dbjozgc! qtdoöi ic ò aadgonc da bcbdi~c nd di~dindz zdoabdi~dac qtd }hgihehmoi ao} mci}~oi~d} x |c}hjadbdi~d ic aad"

gtd ò}~o qtd ~digobc} tio ~dczâo mtïi~hmo qtd tiheh"qtd ~cno} ao} hi~dzommhcid} x nd ao qtd dbdzfoi dinh}~hi~c} aâbh~d} ao} nhedzdi~d} ~dczâo} (mci }t} mci}"~oi~d} qtd mcicmdbc} `cx di nâo)

Da ~dp~c! btx o~zom~huc! mci~hdid ojtinoi~d} mh~o}jhdi d}mcghno}) Himat}c ti eâ}hmc hieczbonc x ncmtbdi"~onc dimtdi~zo di èa bo~dzhoa x zd}ta~onc} qtd ic }cibtx mcicmhnc}) _thvï ndjobc} aobdi~oz qtd ic d}~è}tehmhdi~dbdi~d maozc }t adh~bc~hu! xo qtd o udmd} ao}mci}~oi~d} |ozdmdi tio dpmt}o |ozo mci~oz oagc! hi~d"zd}oi~d x mtzhc}c! |dzc qtd dimofo mci nhehmta~on di ti~cnc qtd ~digo tio tihnon mcimd|~toa)

\cz ndeczbomhýi |zced}hcioa bd `tjhdzo gt}~onc udzac} uoaczd} itbèzhmc} nd ao} mci}~oi~d} nonc} mci}t} dzzczd} x addz oagc }cjzd ao |c}hjhahnon nd d}mcgdz

}h}~dbo} nd tihnond} di ac} qtd mhdz~o} mci}~oi~d}}d d}mcgdi hgtoa o ao tihnon x }hi dzzcz! mcbc }tdadiòmdz ac} eâ}hmc} ~dýzhmc} mci ao udacmhnon nd ao atv xao mci}~oi~d nd \aoimk) ôbjhèi `d dmònc di eoa~o!nonc da ~â~tac nda ahjzc! tio nh}mt}hýi nd ao} mci}d"mtdimho} nda gzt|c nd zdiczboahvomhýi |ozo ao ‐mci}"~oimho‘ nd mhdz~o} mci}~oi~d}! mcbc ao nd d}~ztm~tzoehio! qtd zdoabdi~d d} tio etimhýi nd ao didzgâo mo"zom~dzâ}~hmo nda dp|dzhbdi~c qtd ao bhnd)

\dzc da ahjzc d}~ï aadic nd `h}~czho} d}mzh~o} mciti `tbcz dpqth}h~c x mci tio dpmdadi~d |dz}|dm~huomhdi~âehmc"d}mè|~hmo6 ao nd ao mchimhndimho itbèzhmo ndao o|ozhmhýi nda icbjzd nd ]òkd}|dozd di ao udz}hýi

higad}o nd ao Jhjaho d} ti jtdi dfdb|ac) Jozzcw ~ob"

jhèi mtdi~o btmò} oièmnc~o} qtd btd}~zoi mýbcmhdi~âehmc} nd |zhbdzo mo~dgczâo |tdndi diobczoz}dnd hndo} ~c~oabdi~d oj}tzno} x ndedindzao} on iot" }dob ntzoi~d oÿc}) Bd dimoi~ý ao zd}|td}~o ndKzobdz} o Gctn}bh~ mtoinc è}~d ad |zdgti~ý }h ac}eâ}hmc} |hdzndi da icz~d mtoinc diudfdmdi6 ‑Ti gdihcmcbc Dnnhig~ci qthvï }d utdauo acmc! |dzc oagthdimcbc ~ö }hb|adbdi~d }d utdaud bï} x bï} d}~ö|hnc‒)O zdmcznoz)

Da |zhimh|hc oi~zý|hmc cmt|o ti atgoz |zddbhidi~ddi da ahjzc! oagc d}|dzojad mcicmhdinc ao ~zoxdm~czhonda ot~cz) Xc }cx nd oqtdaac} o qthdid} ad} |ozdmd }tudz}hýi nèjha (da tihudz}c qtd cj}dzuobc} d} nd ~oaeczbo qtd |dzbh~d ao dph}~dimho nd cj}dzuonczd} tiocjuhdnon qtd ic ndfo nd }dzac |cz btm`c }hgihehmonc

|zcetinc qtd }d ad qthdzo noz x ao udz}hýi etdz~d (datihudz}c ndjd }dz nd ~oa eczbo qtd |dzbh~o ao |zd}di"mho nd cj}dzuonczd} ti hi}ta~c o ~cnc da nd}ozzcaacmhdi~âehmc nd}nd Goahadc) Zdmcbhdinc ao adm~tzo nd]~dudi Wdhijdzg x Zhmòzn Nowkhi} }cjzd ao ~c~oaot}dimho nd duhndimho ~dadcaýghmo di ao io~tzoadvo)Jozzcw o|zcudmò d}~d |zhimh|hc |ozo di~zd~didzbogh}~zoabdi~d oa adm~cz! }hi ndfoz btx maozo }t |zc"|ho c|hihýi! otiqtd |cid mcbc dfdb|ac nd ti ozgt"bdi~c oi~zý|hmc tio ezo}d ic~czho nda |zd}hndi~dGdczgd W) Jt}`6 ‑^digc etdz~d} c|hihcid} |zc|ho}!|dzc ic }hdb|zd mchimhnc mci daao}‒)

Da ~dp~c mci~hdid mcbdi~ozhc} bozghioad} qtdndbtd}~zoi qtd da ot~cz d} ti mhdi~âehmc nd ob|ahcd}|dm~zc x btx adânc x qtd |zcntmdi ao} ndahmho} nda

adm~cz) Mtoinc nhmd qtd ‑omci~dmhbhdi~c} `h}~ýzhmc} hi"ucatmzoi om~czd} nc~onc} nd ahjzd oajdnzâc! c oa bdic}nc~onc} nd ao hat}hýi nd èa‒! }d |zd}di~o mcbc mcic"mdncz nd uozhc} dp|dzhbdi~c} qtd |ozdmdi hinhmoz qtdao om~huhnon mdzdjzoa d} ao mot}o nda (o|ozdi~d ahjzdoajdnzâc x ic oa zduè}) Ao iozzomhýi nd ao `h}~czho ndazdom~cz io~tzoa nd Ckac d} |c}hjadbdi~d ao bdfcz qtd`d adânc x d} tio |dzedm~o hi~zcntmmhýi oa ~dbo nd ao|c}hjad uozhomhýi ~db|czoa nd ao} mci}~oi~d}) Di zd}t"bdi! ti ahjzc jhdi ncmtbdi~onc! nhudz~hnc! di~zd~dihncx qtd mci~hdid oagtio} |dzao} qtd }cz|zdindzïihimat}c o mhdi~âehmc} oÿdfc})

„ZCAE ÔZZOM@

ao bïphbo moahehmomhýi di ~cno} ao}bo~dzho}) Mcbc zdmcznojo Ah}o Bdh~"idz d}d bh}bc oÿc! da ‑nh}mâ|tacic |cnâo o|zdindz bï} nda bod}"~zc‒) \dzc è}~d òjâo acgzonc qtd}t gzt|c! mci da ~hdb|c! ‑nh}|dz"}onc o objc} aonc} nda O~aïi~hmc)))ic }ýac ic} dimci~zozdbc} mci ac}iöbdzc} di~dzc} mcbc di mo}o! }hic~objhèi mci da t}c qtd `hvc nda|aoic mcb|adfc! ao duoatomhýi nd ao}hi~dgzoad} nd eo}d c ao} }catmhcid}nd ao} dmtomhcid} nhedzdimhoad}‒(\otah) Mci bc~huc nda }d|~togè"}hbc mtb|adoÿc} nd ]cbbdzedan!ad d}mzhjhzï ogzdndmhnc6 ‑Zdmcznozè}hdb|zd ac qtd t}~dn bd ò hi}|h"zonc nd}nd itd}~zc |zhbdz dimtdi"~zc di ?8?0))) Ac} oÿc} ~zoi}mtzzh"nc} di Böihm` nh}~oi nd òjdz}dogc~onc‒)

Oi~d} nd gzontoz}d òjâo ~zojo"

fonc xo }cjzd da bogid~h}bc! }cjzdda nhobogid~h}bc di |oz~hmtaoz) ‑Bdoadgzo }ojdz qtd ò utda~c oa bog"id~h}bc! cauhnonc ntzoi~d ~oi~c~hdb|c! mci ao o|cz~omhýi nd itd"uc} zd}ta~onc}) Mozdmdzâo nd }di"~hnc qtd ~zojofïzobc} di |ozoadac diti ~hdb|c di qtd ao mzdomhýi nd bc"ndac} mci}~h~txd tio ~ozdo ac }teh"mhdi~dbdi~d ob|aho mcbc |ozo zd"mcbdinoz tio dmciýbhmo nhuh}hýinda ~zojofc)‒ Mci d}~o} |oaojzo} ogzo"ndmâo ]m`zõnhigdz ao aadgono o Fdiond \otah da ?: nd ftahc nd ?8:<)Mci boxcz mcimzdmhýi! |zc}hgtd]m`zõnhigdz6 ‑Adc mci d}|dmhoa o~di"mhýi }t ic~o }cjzd da nhobogid~h}"bc) Bd |ozdmd qtd! mci da `dahc!|cz dfdb|ac! ao} ýzjh~o} nd Jc`zic jo}~oi |ozo dp|ahmoz ti nho"bogid~h}bc bcndzonobdi~d hi"~di}c‒) Ao ic~o }cjzd da nhobog"id~h}bc! zdbh~hno |cz \otah nd}ndBöihm`! hiud}~hgojo ac} go}d} bc"ico~ýbhmc}! dpmatxdinc ac} go}d}bcadmtaozd} x ac} d}~onc} ic go}dc"}c} di zovýi nd ac} omc|aobhdi~c}

hi~dzo~ýbhmc}) Ac} mïamtac} nd \otah}d jo}ojoi di ao uhdfo ~dczâo mtïi"~hmo nd Jc`z"]cbbdzedan }cjzd ao}ýzjh~o} daâ|~hmo} d}~omhciozho} nd ac}dadm~zcid} oazdndncz nda iömadc) Di}t }dgtinc d}mzh~c }cjzd da bog"id~h}bc ojcznojo ac} go}d} |ozo"bogiè~hmc}! mtxc} ï~cbc} |c}dditi bcbdi~c bogiè~hmc |dzboidi~db |zcntmhnc |cz ti bcbdi~c oi"gtaoz F ic itac! zd}ta~oi~d nd ~c"no} ao} ýzjh~o} dadm~zýihmo} ndaï~cbc) Ao icudnon nd d}d oz~âmtac

d}~zhjo di qtd \otah |zd}di~ojo mcbctihnon |ozo bdnhz ac} bcbdi~c}bogiè~hmc} ac qtd èa ndicbhiý dabogid~ýi nd Jc`z)

\cz ~d}h} nd ncm~czonc }d |zc|t"}c zd}caudz ti |zcjadbo etinobdi"~oa! o }ojdz! mzhjoz }h ao ~dczâo ndJc`z x ao} mcinhmhcid} mtïi~hmo}nd Jc`z"]cbbdzedan mcintmâoi oti zd}ta~onc dp|dzhbdi~oabdi~dmczzdm~c) Dp|zd}onc mci ao dadgoi"mho `tboiâ}~hmo nda mâzmtac nd Bö"ihm`! }d |aoi~dý oudzhgtoz qtè d}ac qtd òjâo nd~zï} nd ao ‑bö}hmond ao} d}edzo}‒ nd ao qtd òjaojo]cbbdzedan di da |zdeomhc nd }t O~cbjot tin ]|dk~zoaahihdi)

O daac }d di~zdgý nd}nd }t |zh"bdz mozgc omonèbhmc! oxtnoi~d ndBop Jczi di Gõ~~higdi) Da zd}tbdind }t bdbczho (‑Ñjdz no} Bcndaand} Wo}}dz}~ceebcadkñahci}‒ o|o"zdmhý di da iöbdzc nd Oiioadi ndz \`x}hk mczzd}|cinhdi~d oa oÿc ?8::)Di Gõ~~higdi! mcaojczý mci Jczi diao eczbtaomhýi nd tio ~dczâo gdid"zoa nd |dz~tzjomhcid}! }hgthdinc ao}

|ot~o} bozmono} |cz @dizh \chimozè)\o}ý di Gõ~~higdi }ýac ti hiuhdzic!omd|~oinc ao hiuh~omhýi nd Wha`dabAdiv |ozo ~zo}aonoz}d o @objtzgcdi ojzha nd ?8::) Ojczný di~cimd}da dedm~c Vddboi oiýboac) Di daacoinojo mtoinc ~tuc tio hndo zduc"atmhciozho6 ³qtè }tmdndzâo }h ao mot}ond ~cnc da |zcjadbo di ~czic o aod}~ztm~tzo mcb|adfo ic zd}hnhdzo dida iömadc o~ýbhmc! }hic di da dadm~zýind uoadimho3 ³_tè |ztdjo} òjâond ~oa |c}hjhahnon3 Di ?8:>! oi~d}

nd nd}mtjzhz}d da d}|âi nda dadm~zýi!\otah |zc|t}c o|cxoz}d di ao `h|ý"~d}h} nd ti d}|âi itmadoz |ozo dp"|ahmoz ao d}~ztm~tzo `h|dzehio nd ao}aâido} d}|dm~zoad})

]t o|cz~omhýi bogh}~zoa! }ojhncd}! d}~zhjý di da |zhimh|hc nd dp"mat}hýi qtd aaduo }t icbjzd) ‑Mciao oxtno nda |zhimh|hc nd dpmat"}hýi! di~dindbc} o`czo ao d}~ojhah"non nd ao bo~dzho di nc} d}moao}!|zhbdzc ao d}moao o~ýbhmo‥ x }d"gtinc ao d}moao nd ao dp|dzhdimho`tboio) ]ýac qtdno |cz dp|ahmoz aomtd}~hýi nd ao d}~ojhahnon di tio ~dz"mdzo d}moao! ao d}moao nd ao o}~zc"icbâo x nd ao mc}bcacgâo‒ (EzddboiNx}ci) Ao hb|cz~oimho nda |zhimh"|hc nd dpmat}hýi |ozo mcb|zdindzda btinc bo~dzhoa zd}dÿono |czNx}ci ic etd! duhndi~dbdi~d! |dz"mhjhno mtoinc \otah eczbtaý da |zhi"mh|hc di ao} |c}~zhbdzâo} nd ?8:>)Ac eczbtaý nd tio boidzo idgo~huo6‑Ic |tdnd òjdz itimo nc} c bï}dadm~zcid} dqthuoadi~d} di da ï~cbc!di qtd! di ti mob|c hi~di}c! ac}

uoaczd} nd ~cnc} ac} iöbdzc} mtïi"~hmc} i! k ?! k :! b? (c |ozo ac qtd d}hgtoa i! k ?! b?! b: mchimhnoi) ]hti dadm~zýi }d dimtdi~zo di da ï~cbc!|ozo da qtd d}~c} iöbdzc} mtïi~h"mc} (di da mob|c dp~dzic ~hdidi uo"aczd} ndehihnc}! di~cimd} d}~d d}~onc}d òaao ‐cmt|onc‘‒) X oÿond6 ‑Ic}}di~hbc} himo|omd} nd cezdmdz tio

ft}~hehmomhýi bï} zhgtzc}o nd d}~ozdgao; |dzc |ozdmd jzc~oz ot~ýic"bobdi~d nd tio boidzo io~tzoa‒)

„ATH] OACI]C

Wcaegoig \otah x Oajdz~ Dhi}~dhi) C~cÿc nd ?8:5)

Hboghidbc} tio zdn nd mozzd~dzo} mcb"

|td}~o |cz }dh} uâo} |ozoadao} qtdmczzdi nd icz~d o }tz }d|ozono} di"

~zd }â ?< khaýbd~zc}) \o}oi }cjzd c~zo}}dh} |dz|dinhmtaozd} o daao}6 mczzdi ndd}~d o cd}~d mci ao bh}bo }d|ozomhýi)Di mono mztmd dph}~di diaomd} qtd |dz"bh~di ao di~zono x ao }oahno) Mcbc icòx }dbïeczc}! }d ojoincio tio moaadx }d ~cbo ao ~zoi}udz}oa di ti ~hdb|cqtd mojd mci}hndzoz itac) Otiqtd o|d"io} òx ~zïehmc! ao udacmhnon d}~ï zhgt"zc}obdi~d uhghaono)

Ao} ahbh~omhcid} nd udacmhnon }hgtditio mtzhc}o zdgaobdi~omhýi) Di ao moaadbï} bdzhnhcioa nd ao} qtd uoi nd d}~d ocd}~d da aâbh~d d} nd ?< kb#`; di ao |o"zoadao hibdnho~o o }t icz~d! d} nd :< kb#`!x o}â di |zcgzd}hýi ozh~bè~hmo (|cz ac qtdao udacmhnon bïphbo nd ao moaad bï} }d|"~di~zhcioa d} nd 5< kb#`) C~zc ~oi~c uoad|ozo ao} moaad} qtd mczzdi nd icz~d o }tz6di ao bï} cmmhndi~oa da aâbh~d d} nd?< kb# ! x d} nd 5< kb#` di ao bï} czhdi"~oa) Ac} mztmd} }d ndic~oi |cz ao mc"atbio x ao ehao o ao qtd |dz~didmdi) O}â!

da mztmd }h~tonc di da uèz~hmd }tzcmmhndi~oad} (?!?; da uèz~hmd }tzczhdi~oa d} (5!?; daiczcmmhndi~oa d} da (?!5 x o}â ac} ndbï})Mcbc dfdzmhmhc nd moadi~obhdi~c! ³mtïa}dzâo da mobhic bï} zï|hnc |ozo hz nd}nd(?!? o (5!=3

Dph}~di di d}~d mo}c uozho} zt~o} hgtoa"bdi~d zï|hno}) Tio nd daao} hiuhdz~d tio`czo di hz nd}nd (?!? o (:!?! c~zo `czodi hz nd (:!? o (:!= x! |cz öa~hbc! tio`czo x udhi~d bhit~c} |ozo hz nd}nd (:!=ò}~o (5!=) Ao zt~o nhzdm~o bï} adi~o(d} ndmhz! qtd mtjzd ao bh}bo nh}~oimho

qtd ao} zt~o} bï} zï|hno} uo nd}nd (?!?ò}~o (5!? di 4 `czo}! x atdgc ò}~o(5!= di udhi~d bhit~c} bï})

Da |zcjadbo mci}h}~d di |oz~hz nd (?!?x uh}h~oz ~cnc} ac} mztmd} di da bdicz~hdb|c |c}hjad) ³Mýbc òmdzac3 ³]d|cnzâo zdntmhz da ~hdb|c idmd}ozhc |ozouh}h~oz ~cnc} ac} mztmd} |oz~hdinc nd oagöic~zc uèz~hmd3 \zd}tbc qtd ic! |cz acqtd udzâo mci btm`c ogzonc tio nd"bc}~zomhýi dadgoi~d nd qtd d}o mcifd"~tzo d} mhdz~o) (O bditnc! ao} mcifd~t"zo} zd}ta~oi eoa}o})


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mczzd}|cind o ao ~zoxdm~czho bï} adi~o qtd zdmczzd ao bh}bo nh}~oimho) O`czo jhdi! ³mtïa d} ao eczbo bï}zï|hno nd uh}h~oz ~cnc} ac} mztmd}3

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investigación y ciencia 332 - mayo 2004

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