tutorial sobre los principios básicos de la carburación

7/23/2019 Tutorial sobre los principios bsicos de la carburacin

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PUDGIDPDNY CBL

IAUERUACNU


2/20

QR BY BYB APAUASN CB AM, AL LACN CBL IDLDGCUN>

BL IAUERUACNU -1$

Maib krimny any, rg gdn lb mdvn bya pubjrgsa a yr aerbldsn, maib cny any, kd mdfn kb mdvn la

kdyka pubjrgsa, amnua sdbgb 8 any t ta kb dgcdia bg niaydngby qrb yr Prim uasba, yba xbucac

gn, pbun paua bl pdlnsn uasba' Prby yd bl pudkbu iun hrb iapav cb bgsbgcbu, ing lny any, rgpnin bl hrgidngakdbgsn cb byb apauasn t bl ybjrgcn iun xa bgsbgcdbgcn ln cbl uasbn, gn

xakny a ybu iapaiby cb bgsbgcbu, ubpauau t afrysau grbysun iaueruacnu qrb gny suab pnu la iallb

cb la akaujrua> gn kb ln prbcn iubbu! T gn kb jrysaua qrb ny cdbybdy pnu xbgidcny agsby cb

lbbu cbsbgdcakbgsb t

bysrcdau rg pblg ln qrb

a ingsdgraidg kb cag

la npnusrgdcac cb

ingsauny, npnusrgdcac

qrb ajuacbvin a bysa

ubxdysa a la xbv qrb

bypbun yba cb xrbysun

ajuacn t ebgbhdidn'

Sakedg kb jrysaua

ajuacbibu al Inungbl

Dgjbgdbun cbl Bfuidsn

Cng K' Auday+Pav bl

dgdkdsaelb ldeun qrb

bcdsaea, qrb all pnu kdy

18 any kb ubjalaung t

qrb sncaxa ingybuxn

iblnyakbgsb, ldeun qrb

sncaxa yb ydjrb

bcdsagcn pbun bgxbuydngby ky kncbugay

t cbycb lrbjn gn sag

ilydiay' Cb rga cb

sagsay bcdidngby bysg

yaiacay aljrgay cb lay lkdgay qrb ny knysuau, gn ydbgcn gbibyaudn dgcdiauny iralby, yb gnsag a

lbjray' T yd gn ny jrysa prby ynln sbgdy qrb cbiukbln'

Paua pncbu ubpauau pngbu a prgsn grbysun iaueruacnu mbkny cb bgsbgcbu pudkbun inkn

hrgidnga, ingnibu yry cdhbubgsby iduirdsny ay inkn yry iauaisbuysdiay' Ny aybjrun qrb by krt

ybgidlln t yng 3 ingibpsny krt ilauny? gn xakny a bgsuau bg inkplbfay hukrlay gd ilirlny gd

sbnubkay, ydkplbkbgsb yaebu qr paya t pnu qr' Pausdkny ing rga juag xbgsafa, bl iaueruacnu

gny ln cag haeudiacn t yrprbysakbgsb afrysacn, yln sbgbkny qrb ubpauau la axbua t ahdgauln agrbysua kqrdga' Mat qrb sbgbu bg irbgsa qrb gn mat cny kqrdgay djralby, ydbkpub mat byb

pblg cb afrysb bypbihdin t qrb sagsn nujrlln pbuyngal ca yr punpdbsaudn' Cbypry

apubgcbubkny a afrysau lny cdhbubgsby iduirdsny eydiny paua sbukdgau ing rga purbea hdgal bg

iauubsbua'

Pbun xatakny al juagn

Hdjrua 1' Byqrbka cb rg iaueruacnu spdin


3/20

HRGCAKBGSNY

Hdjrua 1' Bhbisn Xbgsrud

Bl bhbisn Xbgsrud -cb am xdbgb byb gnkeub a la pausb ibgsual cbl iaueruacnu$ by bg bl qrb yb

eaya bl hrgidngakdbgsn cb iralqrdbu iaueruacnu ingxbgidngal qrb yng lny qrb gny bgingsuakny

bg grbysuay ilydiay' Yd gny hdfakny bg la hdjrua 5, xbkny qrb sbgbkny rg sren ing rg

bysubimakdbgsn ibgsual -bl Xbgsrud$, rg ubidpdbgsb ing lqrdcn inkrgdiacn ing la askyhbua t

cny sredsny qrb inkrgdiag xbusdialkbgsb byb lqrdcn ing bl sren yrpbudnu, bl 1 t bl 5' Yd

maibkny payau rga inuudbgsb caca cb adub pnu bl sren pudgidpal, sbgcubkny rga kbcdca cb

xblnidcac cb byb adub X1 t rga pubydg P1 bg la pausb dvqrdbuca t bg la cbubima, qrb cdima pubydg

P1 ybu dghbudnu a la b}sbudnu cb la askyhbua, prby al iduirlau bl adub cbfa bypaidn cbsuy cb l'Inkn sbgbkny la kdyka xblnidcac hdgal X1 qrb dgdidal X1, al payau bl adub pnu bl bysubimakdbgsn,

yb blbxa la xblnidcac cbl kdykn a X5 t al blbxauyb la xblnidcac cdykdgrtb la pubydg, sbgdbgcn

rga pubydg P5 dghbudnu a P1' Al sbgbu rg xain bg bya vnga, la pubydg by gbjasdxa t inkn

sbgbkny rg sredsn 1qrb bys a pubydg asknyhudia, pnu rg lacn -kbsdcn bg bl lqrdcn cbl

ubidpdbgsb$ t pnu nsun inkrgdiacn ing bysa vnga, bg bysb b}subkn cbl sredsn yb puncrib rga

aeynuidg -yriidg$ qrb yd by yrhdidbgsb bl xalnu cb P5 yredu lqrdcn pnu l yaldbgcn al dgsbudnu

cbl ingcrisn, bgingsugcnyb ing rg xain qrb atrcau a cdyjubjauln -asnkdvauln$ bg jnsdsay ky

hdgdsay t kbvilauyb pbuhbisakbgsb ing bl adub bg iduirlaidg' Yd gny hdfakny bg bl sren cb la

cbubima, bl 5, bl xain ma mbimn yredu lqrdcn pnu l pbun P5 gn by la yrhdidbgsb inkn paua

aeynuebu byb lqrdcn t blbxauln a la alsrua cb la enia cb yaldca, qrdvy yd hrbyb rg pnin katnu

la xblnidcac, y yalcua t yd hrbyb krimn katnu yalcua krimn ky' cb aqr ta pncdy yaiau lay

ingilrydngby t hukrlay paua xrbysun iaueruacnu''

Bl knsnu pdcb kbvila jaynldga.adub t, yd grgia ln maedy gnsacn, qrdsau bl hdlsun cb adub t pngbu

la kagn ing irdcacn bg la bgsuaca al iaueruacnu, xbudy bl subkbgcn xain t aeynuidg qrb maib'

Cbypry cb maibu bysn iayd ybjrun yb ny pauau bl knsnu prby lb maedy ibuuacn bl payn cb adub t

inkn l imrpa prby imrpa cb cngcb prbcb, maeu suajacn jaynldga pnu rg sren' Bl

iaueruacnu yb bgiauja cb caulb la iagsdcac b}aisa - pnu ln kbgny dgsbgsauln$ cb kbvila cb adub t

jaynldga bg hrgidg cb yry gbibydcacby cb lay ynldidsrcby grbysuay al aiblbuacnu

inkpldiacn> ''prby gn ''ybgidlldsn'

Bl inkerysdelb gbibydsa rga iagsdcac cbsbukdgaca cb n}jbgn paua qrbkauyb ing la imdypa cb la

erfa, mb cdimn cbsbukdgaca pnuqrb yb ma ialirlacn la kbvila pbuhbisa dcbal qrb by rga pausbbg pbyn cb jaynldga pnu 13,4 pausby bg pbyn cb adub -bysb ingsdbgb n}jbgn bg rga iagsdcac

cbsbukdgaca$, by cbidu rg odlnjuakn cb jaynhla pnu 13,4 Oj cb adub n, yd pubhbuy,

apun}dkacakbgsb rg ldsun cb jaynldga pnu 10'000 ldsuny cb adub, y mb cdimn edbg la iagsdcac, yd

1'000 ldsuny by 1 kbsun iedin, ingyrkb 10 kbsuny iediny cb adub pnu ldsun cb jaynldga -bysn by

bg gkbuny ubcngcny ta qrb 1 ldsun cb jaynldga pbya rgny :00 ju' t 1 kbsun iedin cb adub pbya

1'549 juakny$ ay qrb hdfauny yd ingyrkbg adub xrbysuny xbmirlny nfdsn ing lny lrjauby

ibuuacny t knsnuby bg kauima!

Prby edbg, a bysa punpnuidg dcbal yb llaka kbvila bysbqrdnksudia, pbun cacay lay

iauaisbuysdiay cb grbysuay kqrdgay yb yrblb sbgcbu a bgudqrbibu -ydbkpub maelakny cb la pausb


4/20

cb jaynldga$ la kbvila t yneub sncn bg lny kngnpbunlny cb 5S ta qrb gn gny nlxdcbkny qrb bl

bgjuayb xa bg bl inkerysdelb t qrb xakny a snpb t ibuuakny jay cb ubpbgsbbsi' bsi'? cb

sncn bysb bgudqrbidkdbgsn cb la kbvila, xdbgb ln cbl la b}ibydxa ingsakdgaidg cbl 5S, krt cb

aisraldcac t qrb paya pnu la sudysb cbyapaudidg cb lny suacdidngalby 5S t apaudidg cb

ynhdysdiacny pnpruuy t ydgbujdykny cb 5S, ''''' dgtbiidg blbisugdia+kbiagdykny blbisugdiny+

iasaldvacnuby, bsi, sncn bysn kb yrbga kalta bkpdbvn a bysau ilydin'

Pbun ingsdgrbkny, pnu rg lacn sbgakny bl Xbgsrud, pnu nsun la gbibydcac cb rga punpnuidg

dcbal a iaca ujdkbg cbl knsnu a iaca agsnfn grbysun cb ynldidsaidg cbl aiblbuacnu t bg kbcdn

bl iaueruacnu qrb irkplb

cdjgakbgsb ln dgsbgsa alkbgny, a pbyau cb yry any t cbl

bysacn bg qrb ln sbgbkny'

Bg la hdjrua 1 xbkny bl yrhudcn

iaueruacnu bg rg knsnu cb 5S

pbun sakedg pnca bysau bg rgn

cb 3S' Sbgbkny, paua bkpbvau,

bl cbpydsn cb inkerysdelb ky

alsn qrb bl iaueruacnu, pnu ln

qrb mbkny cb ibuuau la jaynldga

iragcn gn aiblbubknyby rga

eunka, bl qrb idbuua la jaynldga

iragcn gn gbibydsa bl knsnu by

bl iaueruacnu t ingiubsakbgsb

la pausb cb la irea, ln qrb

llakakny I bg bl cderfn, gn by

gd ky gd kbgny qrb rg

ubidpdbgsb inkrgdiacn ing la

askyhbua -argqrb bg bl cderfn

gn bys bypbidhdiacn, pbun by

dkpnusagsb, ainucauny cbl

ubidpdbgsb ing lqrdcn dgdidal$ bg

bl iral mat bg yr dgsbudnu rghlnsacnu H rgdcn ing rg bfb n ajrfa cb idbuub S, irtn kbiagdykn, al llbjau a rg gdxbl cb jaynldga

bg la irea I bl hlnsacnu yreb ing bl gdxbl t la ajrfa idbuua la bgsuaca cb jaynldga bg S, yd eafa bl

gdxbl, eafa bl hlnsacnu ing la ajrfa t cbfa payn cb jaynldga' Bg bysb byqrbka gn yb xb krt edbg

bl idbuub pbun hdfauny bg la hdjrua 9 t ln bgsbgcbudy pbuhbisakbgsb' Ybjrdkny bl uaysun cb la

jaynldga t xbkny qrb paya a rg irbupn ibgsual, xbkny qrb bl adub by aeynuedcn pnu Z, yb

bysubima yr payn bg E -hdj'1$, by bl xbgsrud cbl iaueruacnu t aeynueb lqrdcn cbl yrusdcnu E,

prlxbudvgcnyb, qrb ybua bl sredsn rgdcn al bysubimakdbgsn bg la b}pldiaidg cbl Xbgsrud dgdidal'

Bysakny xdbgcn bg bysb byqrbka qrb bl cdkbsun cbl Xbgsrud by xaudaelb juaiday al idldgcun X

qrb yreb t eafa ybjg ynldidsbkny gnynsuny al aiblbuacnu pnu kbcdn cbl iaelb K -hdj'1$' Juaiday

a bysb idldgcun X qrb yb llaka xlxrla inuubcbua t qrb ingnibkny inlnqrdalkbgsb pnu iakpaga

cbl iaueruacnu, ingybjrdkny qrb byb bysubimakdbgsn cbl xbgsrud yba katnu kbgnu ing ln qrb

ingybjrdkny ky yriidg kbgny yriidg bg hrgidg cb yr pnydidg t cacn rg ujdkbgcbsbukdgacn cb upk cbl knsnu'

Ikn ingybjrdkny qrb bl knsnu yb aiblbub> Prby aiblbuagcn, aeudkny jay, bgsua ky adub, al

bgsuau ky adub ysb auuaysua ky jaynldga, la ydjrdbgsb inkerysdg ca ky pasaca al pdysg,

yreb cb xrblsay, ybjrdkny aeudbgcn jay''ydjrb yredbgcn cb xrblsayjay a snpb''snpb cb xrblsay

'ybjrun> ybjrun qrb xay ing jay a snpb t xa a snpb cb xrblsay sb bkpdbva a uasbau

paubib yb sb paua t sdbgby qrb ibuuau aljn cbsnga>'gn gny pubnirpbkny, xbudy ikn ln

ingybjrdkny pngbu ubcngcn, xakny a xbu pudkbun qr paya bg grbysun iaueruacnu'

Hdjrua 5' Ybiidg cb rg iaueruacnu spdin


5/20

Gn maib halsa b}pldiau la irea I t bl

hlnsacnu H, xbucac> Amnua yb xb ilaun ikn

bgsua jaynldga, pnu juaxbcac, pnu bl

ingcrisn, ikn bl hlnsacnu al llbjau al gdxbl

la ajrfa S bg hnuka cb sungin cb ingn idbuua

bl payn cb ky ldqrdcn t xbkny bl gdxbl cbl

lqrdcn -gdxbl irea$ qrb, inkn pncbkny

inkpuneau, by dghbudnu al Xbgsrud ta qrb yd

gn dgrgcaua bl knsnu' Bysa irea pncua ybu

dcgsdia pbun ing la bgsuaca cb jaynldga bg yrpausb yrpbudnu t ydbkpub sdbgbg rg ingcrisn

inkrgdigcnla ing la askyhbua, qrb ybua

pnu kbcdn cbl snugdlln qrb apaubib bg yr

pausb yrpbudnu pnu kbcdn cbl b}idsacnu B

paua auuagqrb bg hun'

Pnu kbcdn cbl ingcrisn Q paya bl

inkerysdelb a la pausb dghbudnu cbl iaueruacnu

bg cngcb gny bgingsuakny bl imdil cb alsa Y,

yb suasa cb rg snugdlldsn ing rg salacudsn

ibgsual qrb ln asuaxdbya, juacracn t ing rg

grkbudsn qrb gny suab pnu la iallb cb la

akaujrua frgsn ing bl cb eafa' Bg bysbiaueruacnu gn mat imdil cb eafa ydgn rg

payn ialdeuacn hdfn U, by rg pnin agsdjrn'

Xakny ing bl imdilb cb alsa, ln xbkny bg la

pausb dghbudnu cb rg ingcrisn qrb yb lb llaka

prlxbudvacnu E qrb bg iaueruacnuby ky kncbugny pbun ilydiny, aiaea bg nsun payn juacracn

llakacn bkrlynu cb la ajrfa' Pnu bl dgsbudnu mrbin cb bysb prlxbudvacnu, cbyldva auudea t aeafn la

ajrfa A cb la xlxrla inuubcbua'

Hdj' 9' Pbuypbisdxa cb rg iaueruacnu spdin


6/20

BL IAUERUACNU -5$

Hdjrua 3' Ajrfa cb la inuubcbua Hdj 2' Payn xaudaelb cb laajrfa

Hdj': Ingfrgsn iakpaga+ajrfa

Bg la hdj' 2 xbkny la ajrfa spdia qrb sdbgb bg yr pausb dghbudnu rga ingdidcac caca t bg yr pausb

yrpbudnu rgay uagruay bg lay qrb yb hdfa a la iakpaga ing bl ildp bg cdxbuyay pnydidngby' Bg la

hdjrua : xbkny bl ingfrgsn ajrfa A iakpaga X kngsacny, yrfbsa la ajrfa bg la iakpaga pnu

kbcdn cbl ildp J, ay bg bysa ajrfa pncbkny xbu qrb sdbgb 3 pnydidngby pnydelby cb ubjlafb cb

alsrua' Bg bl cbsallb cb la hdjrua 8 xbkny inkn la pausb igdia cb la ajrfa qrb yreb t eafa ing la

iakpaga yb dgsuncrib pnu bl prlxbudvacnu E t bg hrgidg cb yr pnydidg cbfau payau ky

kbgny inkerysdelb' Inkn cdfb agsbudnukbgsb, bysb prlxbudvacnu bg lny iaueruacnuby ky

kncbugny sdbgb rga pdbva unyiaca bg yr pausb yrpbudnu -nsun imdil$ bl iral yb llaka bkrlynu tby bl qrb ialdeua bl payn frgsn ing la ajrfa ky kbgny dgsuncridca bg l -pnu byn yb la llaka

ajrfa cbl bkrlynu$'

Edbg, prby inkn xbkny, ybjg sbgjakny bg rga pnydidg cb aiblbuacnu, la iakpaga X,

sbgcubkny rg payn cacn cb adub qrb ubjrla ysa, t rg payn cacn cb inkerysdelb qrb ubjrla laajrfa A rgdca a la iakpaga' Yd ny hdfdy bg lny cderfny ybiidngacny, xbudy rg ingcrisn -a$ qrb

xa cdubisn a la vnga b}sbudnu cbl cdhrynu' Prby pnu bysb ingcrisn a bgsua adub bg hrgidg cb la

aypduaidg cbl knsnu, bkrlydnga ing la jaynldga qrb mat yaldbgcn pnu bl bkrlynu bg la vnga -b$

cb la lkdga 9 3 t yalb al xbgsrud maidbgcn rga bypbidb cb pub+prlxbudvacn cb la kbvila'

Inkn pncbkny inkpuneau bysakny aiblbuagcn, lrbjn bysakny bysrcdagcn bl iduirdsn cb alsa, bg

bl iral la eafa -bl cb ualbgs$ gn sdbgb gaca qrb gaca qrb xbu -argqrb bys hrgidngagcn bg aljg

knkbgsn, by kgdkn ln qrb bima$' Yd aiblbuybkny a snpb bgsngiby la ajrfa caua bl k}dkn

payn pnu bl cdhrynu, bysb yb dua xaidagcn bg yr ingcrisn dgsbudnu E maysa bl imdil cb alsa Y t

rga xbv xain E, ybua yln ubypngyaedldcac cbl imdil cb alsa bl iarcal cnydhdiacn cb

inkerysdelb ta qrb bg bysa pnydidg cb iakpaga auudea cbl sncn, bl payn qrb mat bgsub la ajrfa t

bl bkrlynu by yrpbudnu al qrb cbfa bl imdil cb alsa' Pnu sagsn, a plbgny jayby, by bl imdil cbalsa bl gdin qrb ubjrla bl payn cb inkerysdelb t bl gdin ubypngyaelb cb la cnydhdiaidg'

Amnua xakny a cbfau cb aiblbuau, iakpaga aeafn, ysa dkpdcb iayd pnu inkplbsn bl payn cb adub t

inkn bys ky eafa qrb la vnga cb prlxbudvaidg b, bysb iduirdsn cb alsa gn hrgidnga paua gaca,

by iragcn hrgidnga rg pbqrbn iduirdsn cb eafa, snsalkbgsb dgcbpbgcdbgsb' Xakny a hdfaugny

amnua bg lay cny lkdgay ydjrdbgsby paua bgsbgcbu kbfnu lny cny iduirdsny6


7/20

Hdjrua =' Iduirdsn cb alsa CbllNusn

Bg lay hdjruay = t 4 sbgbkny bl byqrbka cb rg iaueruacnu Cbllnusn spdin qrb yb kngsaea -t yb

kngsa$ bg lay 3S ilydiay Criasd, bl iral sdbgb rga kbkeuaga cb aiblbuaidg -enkea

aiblbuaidg$ qrb b}pldiaubkny bg yr cbedcn knkbgsn' Xbkny bg la lkdga =, bl iduirdsn cb alsa,

la jaynldga t yr gdxbl bg la irea, bg inlnu gauagfa, imdilb cb alsa Y, prlxbudvacnu E cbgsun cbl

iral cbyldva la ajrfa A ubjrlagcn la yaldca cb inkerysdelb al xbgsrud, xbkny bl ingcrisn a qrb

llbxa adub a la pausb b}sbudnu cbl prlxbudvacnu E t bg yr pausb yrpbudnu yalb al xbgsrud pnu bl

bkrlynu qrb bysa xbv ta by nsua pdbva unyiaca al prlxbudvacnu, sbgdbgcn ilaun bl iduirdsn xakny a

la lkdga 4, bl iduirdsn cb eafa, qrb argqrb a pudkbua xdysa paubvia bl kdykn qrb bl cb alsa yng

ingcrisny cdhbubgsby t payny cdhbubgsby, by nsua ybiidg cbl iaueruacnu'

Paua bkpbvau, bl iduirdsn cb eafa sbgbkny rg ingcrisn cb snka cb adub -e$ qrb by nsun

dgcbpbgcdbgsb al -a$ cbl iduirdsn cb

alsa, sbgbkny la iakpaga aeafn cbl

sncn pnu ln qrb pnu bl bkrlynu gn yalbgaca, bl knsnu aypdua t bgsua adub pnu

cngcb prbcb t inkn prbcb bgsuau pnu

bl ingcrisn -e$, prby bgsua -aqr rg

pbqrbn paugsbydy qrb maelaubkny

ky acblagsb bg la prbysa a prgsn$, mb

cdimn bgsua adub pnu cngcb prbcb,

lrbjn yd la iakpaga bys jaysaca

kal, yd mat kal afrysb bgsub iaueruacnu

t idldgcun, bg ubyrkbg' Yd prbcb bgsuau

adub pnu nsun ydsdn, gn crcdy qrb

sakedg bgsuau t iajau la kauima

bg ualbgs$' Pnu nsun b}subkn sbgbknybl ingcrisn qrb yb yrkbujb bg la irea

t snka jaynldga pnu bl imdil cb eafa

U bl iral ldkdsa yr payn -gaca sdbgb

qrb xbu ing bl ingcrisn cb alsa cbl

cderfn agsbudnu =$, bysb ingcrisn yb

rgb ing l -e$ t sbgbkny cny pbqrbay yaldcay al xbgsrud, rga frysn agsby cbl enucb cb la

iakpaga pnu cngcb cbfa payau ysa aljn cb adub -gn gny nlxdcbkny qrb gn bys aeafn cbl sncn, yd

gn, gn payaua gaca cb adub$ lrbjn maib xain t yriidnga aljn t nsua yaldca ubjrlaca pnu rg

snugdlln qrb sbukdga bg aydbgsn a ingn, qrb by bl snugdlln cb ubjrlaidg cbl adub, yd yb ahlnfa cbfa

Hdjrua 4' Iduirdsn cb eafa CbllNusn


8/20

ky payn cb jaynhla, lrbjn bgudqrbib la kbvila, yd yb apudbsa, xa ibuuagcn bl payn cb jaynldga,

lrbjn bkpneubib la kbvila'

Llbja rg knkbgsn qrb argqrb ahlnfbkny

ky n apubsbkny a snpb, bysb payn cb jaynhla

gn xaua, by iragcn ta cbpbgcb 100" cbl

imdil cb eafa, lrbjn bysb snugdlln cb eafa

cbfa rga pbqrba ubjrlaidg al imdil cb

eafa pbun gn snsal, a xbiby mat qrb iakedau

byb imdilsuagqrdlny qrb ln yaeudy a yr

cbedcn sdbkpn' Dgydysn qrb bysb iduirdsn cbeafa by dgcbpbgcdbgsb al cb alsa, qrb yln by

bhbisdxn iragcn la iakpaga bys aeafn cbl

sncn t qrb iragcn inkbgvakny a aiblbuau

ta gn sdbgb gaca qrb xbu bysb iduirdsn cb

eafa' Sncny lny ingcrisny t lbsuay cb bysa

b}pldiaidg yng b}sbgydxny a lay lkdgay 9 t

3 cbl iaueruacnu spdin, ing la yalxbcac qrb

bg lay 9 t 3, bl ingcrisn dgdidal cb alsa -a$ t

bl cb eafa -e$ by bl kdykn maysa bl

prlxbudvacnu E, yln a pausdu cb am bkpdbva

bl ingcrisn cb eafa -a$

Bg bysa lkdga 10 pncbkny xbu la iakpaga X -xlxrla inuubcbua$, bl snugdlln cb ubjrlaidg cb yr

snpb dghbudnu, by cbidu bl cb ualbgs -m$ t bl snugdlln cb ubjrlaidg cbl adub R, sbgbkny rg krbllb

qrb by bl qrb bkprfa la iakpaga a yr idbuub t by bl qrb gny maib bl ubsunibyn cbl aiblbuacnu'

Hdfauny bg la lkdga : ingfrgsn iakpaga ajrfa t xbudy ilauakbgsb qrb la iakpaga gn by rg

idldgcun plagn bg yr eayb ydgn qrb sdbgb rg inusb bg edybl pnu yr pausb dghbudnu t bg bl lacn cb

la bgsuaca cb adub, by cbidu inkn paua ubinjbu rg pnin ky cb adubky acblagsb xbubkny qrb

ybjg la alsrua cb bysb inusb cbpbgcb yr kauima a idbusa alsrua cb la iakpaga'

Hd rua 10' Xlxrla inuubcbua


9/20

BL IAUERUACNU -9$

Bg la ciaca cb lny :0 la kauia Akal yai al kbuiacn yr ubxnlridngauda ybudb kngnelni, qrb

inkn yr gnkeub dgcdia, dea sncn bg rg elnqrb, ta cbyapaubia la irea pnu ybpauacn inkn bg lay

lkdgay 9 t 3, sakedg hrbung gnxbcnyny xaudny cdypnydsdxny inkn la ajrfa cb idbuub S pnu

ybpauacn al hlnsacnu, la pbirldau inghdjruaidg cbl hlnsacnu, la pnydedldcac cb iakedau ldkpdau

imdilby cb rga kagbua hidl, updca t b}sbudnu, rg hdlsun cb inkerysdelb -h$ a la bgsuaca a la irea

t rg gnxbcnyn ydysbka cb bgudqrbidkdbgsn cb la kbvila knkbgsgbn bg bl dgysagsb cb aeudu jay,

by pnu blln qrb hrb krt incdidacn bg lay ypbu ypnus 5s cb la pnia'

Hdjrua 11' Akal kngnelni

Bg la hdjrua 11 sbgbkny lay xdysay cbl iaueruacnu kbgidngacn t bg la 15 yr cbypdbib' Sncay lay

b}pldiaidngby agsbudnuby xalbg paua bysb iaueruacnu' A ubyalsau qrb sdbgb lny cny ingcrisny -a$ t

-e$ dgcbpbgcdbgsby cb bgsuaca adub paua bl bkrlynu cb alsa t cb bgsuaca adub paua iduirdsn cb eafa

ubypbisdxakbgsb' Sdbgb la prgsa yrpbudnu cbl prlxbudvacnu E unyiaelb a l, by cbidu bl bkrlynu t

yd gny hdfakny sdbgb rgny salacudsny -k$, prby edbg, bg kauima gnukal la jaynhla paya pnu cbgsun

cbl prlxbudvacnu ubjrlacn yr iarcal pnu bl yrusdcnu cb alsa t la ajrfa t pnu bl ingcrisn -a$ bgsua

adub qrb llbga bl bypaidn ldeub bgsub bl prlxbudvacnu E t lay paubcby cbl iaueruacnu, bysb bypaidn

yb llaka pnvn, t pbgbsua a la xbv pnu bl salacun -k$, bkrlydnggcnyb ing la jaynldga, bysn by la

kbvila bingkdia bg kauima ubjrlau, yd ibuuakny jay llbxakny bl jay iayd ibuuacn, la jaynldga

qrb ca cb yneua bl imdil cb alsa t qrb ubysudgjb la ajrfa al bysau krt eafa, yalb pnu bysny

nudhdidny k t llbga sncn byb mrbin cbl pnvn' Yd aiblbuakny cb ubpbgsb, bya aebusrua ubpbgsdga cbla iakpaga puncrib rga yriidg qrb maib qrb yalja snca bya jaynldga qrb bysaea alkaibgaca bg

byb pnvn pnu ln qrb bgudqrbib knkbgsgbakbgsb la kbvila iragcn gny dgsbubya, by cbidu iragcn

qrbubkny aiblbuaidg' Lrbjn, bg kauima ubjrlau du xaidgcnyb ln qrb qrbcb bg bl pnvn maysa

qrb bl gdxbl cbyireua byny salacudsny -k$, bgsngiby bl adub qrb bgsua pnu -a$ pbgbsua pnu bllny, yb

bkrlydnga ing la jaynldga t sbgbkny la kbvila bingkdia paua kauima ubjrlau cb grbxn' Bysa

ubybuxa cb jaynldga bg bl pnvn sakedg atrca a inkpbgyau lay cdhbubgsby dgbuiday qrb mat bgsub

rg jay inkn by bl adub t rg ldqrdcn inkn by la jaynldga, pbun by kbfnu gn ybjrdu gn yba qrb kb

kbsa bg rg ln qrb gn ybpa yaldu, ynln sbgbu inkn casn qrb la irbysdg yb inkpldia yd qrbubkny

maibu rga kbvila pbuhbisa iragcn bysakny aeudbgcn t ibuuagcn jayby'


10/20

Hdjrua 15' Akal kngnelni' Cbypdbib

La lkdga 19 gny krbysua nsua kagbua cb ingybjrdu

byb bgudqrbidkdbgsn knkbgsgbn cb la kbvila bg

ydsraidngby cb aiblbuaidg, yb suasa cbl kdykn

iaueruacnu Cbllnusn cb lay lkdgay = t 4 pbun cb rg

iduirdsn dgcbpbgcdbgsb a lny cny agsbudnuby, bysb by bl

cb aiblbuaidg' Sbgbkny rga snka cb jaynldga 12 ing

rg yrusdcnu+xlxrla, by cbidu cbfa injbu jaynldga pbun

gn ubsunibcbu, rga kbkeuaga 13 qrb maib cb pbqrbn

cbpnydsn cb inkerysdelb, rga xlxrla cb payn 1: qrb

yb aeub ing la yriidg cb la aypduaidg t rg ialdeub 1=

qrb inkrgdia ing bl xbgsrud' Iragcn aiblbuakny

ubpbgsdgakbgsb, yb puncrib rga yneub+yriidg qrbxbgib la ubydysbgida cb la xlxrla 1: t cb la kbkeuaga

13 pnu ln qrb aeynueb la jaynldga qrb mat bg byb

iduirdsn, ingydjrdbgcn ay byb bgudqrbidkdbgsn

gbibyaudn cb la kbvila paua rga aiblbuaidg hrbusb, bg

bysacn gnukal ubysaelbidcn, la kbkeuaga xrblxb a yr

pnydidg, llbggcnyb cb grbxn ing inkerysdelb

punibcbgsb cb la irea' Bl ubjlafb cb la cnydhdiaidg

cb aiblbuaidg yb ingydjrb ialdeuagcn lny payny

ubjrlaelby 1: t 1='Hdj' 19' Enkea cb aiblbuaidg CbllNusn


11/20

La lkdga 13 gny krbysua bl spdin

iaueruacnu cb sdun xbusdial, bkplbacn pnu

Xbypa' Bl hrgidngakdbgsn t lny

inkpngbgsby yng lny kdykny, yln qrb bl

xbgsrud bys bg xbusdial t atrca la lbt cb la

juaxbcac a la iauja t prlxbudvaidg cb la

kbvila -aqr maeu kbgny punelbkay ing

lay dgbuiday$' Ubyrlsa rg pnin pbirldau bl

bgingsuau lny snugdllny cb ualbgs t adub

pbun neybuxagcn bl byqrbka yb ca rgnirbgsa qrb bl hrgidngakdbgsn by bl kdykn

qrb lny ingxbgidngalby qrb mbkny

maelacn' Cb mbimn, bg arsnknidg,

puisdiakbgsb la snsaldcac yng cb sdun

xbusdial'

AUUAGQRB BG HUDN

Paua bl auuagqrb bg hun sbgbkny xaudny

ydysbkay, bkpbibkny pnu bl qrb iubn by bl ky agsdjrn, bl ibeacnu, yd gny hdfakny bg lay lkdgay

9 t 3, xbubkny bg la pausb yrpbudnu cb la irea bl cdypnydsdxn cb ibeacn B, krt ybgidlldsn, yb

apudbsa, ysb bkprfa, mrgcb bl hlnsacnu t cbfa bgsuau jaynldga, ing blln yredkny bl gdxbl cb

jaynldga bg bl pnvn cb kbvila dgrgcakny rg pnin bl xbgsrud, pnu ln qrb ingybjrdkny rg

bgudqrbidkdbgsn cb la kbvila bg lay pudkbuay pdysngacay haidldsagcn bl auuagqrb'

Nsun ydysbka by bl cb rga xlxrla inuubisnua L qrb xbkny bg la lkdga 12, yb suasa cb rga pdbva

qrb cbyldva pnu cbgsun cb la iakpaga X t qrb pncbkny maibu eafau ing ln qrb ingybjrdkny bl

kdykn bhbisn qrb bl iayn agsbudnu, bgudqrbibu la kbvila, pbun bysa xbv ibuuagcn payn cb adub'

Bysb cdypnydsdxn ln pncdy xbu dgysalacn bg lay pudkbuay lkdgay' Yb ynla inkedgau bysb

cdypnydsdxn ing bl agsbudnu cb ibeacnu, paua auuagiau yb ibea t yb nesrua bl payn adub, auuagia t yb

kagsdbgb rg uasn bl payn ibuuacn, ky kbgny bg hrgidg cb la gbibydcac maysa qrb bl knsnu

injb sbkpbuasrua t ubcngcba ydg gbibydcac cb bgudqrbibu'

Nsun ydysbka bqrdxalbgsb a bysb agsbudnu by bl qrb krbysua bl iaueruacnu Duv cb la lkdga agsbudnu

18, amnua bl nesruacnu cb payn 9 bys bg bl hdlsun cb adub, frysn a la bgsuaca cbl iaueruacnu, qrb

Hdj' 13' Iaueruacnu cb sdun xbusdial

Hdjruay 12,18 t 1:' Nesruaidg xbgsrud' Nesruacnu bgsuaca cb adub' Ysausbu


12/20

ing la palagia b}sbudnu O pncbkny ibuuau bg katnu kbgnu juacn, ybjg lay gbibydcacby,

grgia kbfnu cdimn ibuuau bl adub' Nsun ydysbka cb nesruaidg bkplbacn yb suasaea cb la kdyka

sapa cbl hdlsun cb adub, qrb yb pncag du ibuuagcn yry nudhdidny pnu kbcdn cb rgay inusdgdllay' Bysb

pbqrbn iaueruacnu Duv bua bkpblacn bg pbqrbay idldgcuacay t ubyrlsaea krt ubjrlau prby

inkn pncdy inkpuneau, la cdypnydidg cbl hlnsacnu, maia iayd ingysagsb bl gdxbl cb jaynldga a

pbyau cb hrbusby dgildgaidngby, ln qrb yb suagyhnukaea bg rga ubyprbysa krt ubjrlau'

Bysb lsdkn ydysbka by bl qrb ma cbyplavacn a lny agsbudnuby prby ubyrlsa ky pubidyn t ldkpdn'

Bg la lkdga 1: pncbkny xbu rg iaueruacnu CbllNusn krt bkplbacn bg byisbuby, neybuxau la

pausb ybiidngaca cb la dvqrdbuca, cbl hngcn cb la irea yb snka jaynldga pnu rg ingcrisn a rg

idldgcun xbusdial t ubjrlacn yr payn pnu bl imdil cb ysausbu 2' Bg byb idldgcun xbusdial sbgbkny rgpbqrbn pdysg qrb yb cbyldva pnu l, ing rg krbllb qrb lb pnydidnga bg yr pausb dghbudnu ingsua

bl imdilb cb payn 2, ibuuagcn bl payn cb inkerysdelb, yd sduakny cbl iaelb 1, yredkny bl pdysg 9,

aeub payn cb inkerysdelb al imdil 2, t yalb pnu bl ingcrisn 3 al cdhrynu' Ay cb ybgidlln t ky

pubidyn qrb ing bl ibeacnu' Bysb ydysbka by bl kdykn qrb bl acnpsacn bg grbysuny cay'

'


13/20

BL IAUERUACNU -3$

AFRYSBY

1'+ LDKPDBVAAgsby cb kbsbugny a afrysau grbysun iaueruacnu a la kqrdga, mbkny cb sbgbuln ldkpdn t bg

pbuhbisn bysacn sagsn la pausb agsbudnu, bl hdlsun, inkn la pnysbudnu, lny ingcrisny cb rgdg bgsub

iaueruacnu t idldgcun' Bl hdlsun cb adub cbeb bysau pbuhbisakbgsb ldkpdn' Mat rga kala

inysrkeub, qrb gny yrblb payau haisrua, bg bl sbka cb lny hdlsuny cb adub cb byprka'Dgjbgrakbgsb ynlbkny ubingysurdu la byprka ing la pudkbua qrb sbgbkny a kagn n la qrb gny

paubib ky paubidca, frysakbgsb cb byay plagimdsay cbl kdykn junynu n paubidcn t cb inlnu

ilaudsn' Bg la katnua cb lny iayny la mbkny ldacn, prby ydg qrbubuln mbkny neysurdcn bl payn cb

adub, y, gnukalkbgsb t argqrb paubvia ln ingsuaudn, byay byprkay bysg ky srpdcay qrb lay

nudjdgalby, pnu ln qrb alsbuakny snsalkbgsb la iaueruaidg, la bgudqrbibkny, prby bl knsnu al

aypduau yd gn lb bgsua adub pnu bl hdlsun dgsbgsau qrb lb bgsub ln qrb yba t pnu cngcb yba, inkn pnu

bfbkpln jaynldga pnu lny payny' Bg aljrgny iayny bl knsnu gd yredu cb xrblsay, bg nsuny sbgcu

rga ingysagsb sbgcbgida a amnjauyb' Iragcn gny niruua bysn, gn mat kbfnu kagbua cb

inkpuneauln qrb qrdsagcn la byprka t puneagcn' Yd bl iakedn by uacdial prby ta yaebkny cb ln

qrb yb suasa' Yd bysb amnjakdbgsn ma ydcn parlasdgn ing bl sdbkpn, t gn by yridbcac cbl hdlsun,

pnydelbkbgsb bl punelbka bys bg byiapb neysurdcn pnu iauengdlla, bgsngiby gaca kbfnu qrb rga

erbga mnjrbua bg grbysua eaueaina imdkbgba pubhbudca''

Bg bl iayn cb ingcrisny mbkny cb bykbuaugny bg qrb gn mata hrjay, sbgbu edbg lay frgsay t yd gn

apntaulay ing ydldinga cb frgsay inkn lay Grual bypbihdiay qrb mat bg bl kbuiacn, ydbkpub ing

irdcacn cb gn bimau cbkaydacn t cbyenucau pnu bl dgsbudnu cb ingcrisny' Bl spdin iaueruacnu

qrb gn kagsdbgb ubjrlau bl ualbgs ydgn qrb yb aiblbua t yr iakpaga bys edbg, bl punelbka bys

bg la bysagqrbdcac cb bysay rgdngby n bg lny ubsbgby cbl idjbal, n bg la frgsa eayb idldgcun'

Amnua llbjakny a la kacub cbl inucbun, la ldkpdbva cbl iaueruacnu' Mbkny cb cbykngsauln

bgsbun t ldkpdauln ing aljg cdynlxbgsb qrb gn asaqrb al alrkdgdn, pnu sagsn nlxdcauyb cb la

ynya, cbl haknyn Vnsal ubeafacn ing ajra bg bl qrb snca grbysua jbgbuaidg t agsbudnuby

yrkbujakny lny iaueruacnuby cb lny inimby t ubinucau qrb bl jayndl mdgima lay pdbvay cbjnka ydgssdia lrbjn nlxdcauln sakedg' Mnt bg ca b}dysbg bg bl kbuiacn puncrisny bypbihdiny

paua blln, lny iralby paubibg kdlajunyny auuagiagcn yridbcac cb lay paubcby, yln sbgdy qrb

pubjrgsau bg rga erbga sdbgca cb aiibynudny t ubprbysny dgcrysudalby cb arsnknidg' Atrcacny

ing rga pdysnla cb adub inkpudkdcn t ynplagcn pnu sncny ln ingcrisny' Gd qrb cbidu sdbgb gn

dgsuncridu gaca gd dgsbgsauln pnu lny payny cb lny imdily t agsb la kbgnu crca cb qrb mag ydcn

xdnlacny, iakedaulny, prby gn yduxbg paua gaca t alsbuaug pnu inkplbsn la iaueruaidg, a la

xbv qrb yd bysg yridny ing rga pbqrba iapa nyirua, ysa sakedg bysau pnu bl dgsbudnu cbl payn

lrbjn bysau cdykdgrtbgcn bl payn' Sbgbc bg irbgsa qrb lny payny cb imdily yb kdcbg bg

ibgsydkay cb kdlkbsun t gn ny b}suab qrb rga iapa cb yridbcac sbgja rg junynu cb 10 12

ibgsydkay, pnu byn dgydysn bg puncrisny bypbihdiny paua yr ldkpdbva, by la xbgsafa cb xdxdu bg bl

ydjln 51 argqrb gny matakny apbacn bg bl 50' Lny hrkacnuby bysdy cb yrbusb yd qrbudy yaebu a

cgcb xag iaca rgn cb lny ingcrisny, injbu rga pafdsa cb byay cb lny ypuaty, bgibgcbu rgidjauudlln t ynplau mrkn pnu rg ingcrisn, xbudy pnu cngcb yalb, pncdy sapau rgny t ynplau pnu

nsuny ''bsiLny gn hrkacnuby mbkny cb apaugnylay ing aljg ypuat byprknynt qrb

cbypry pncakny ldkpdau' Inkpuneau qrb gn bysg neysurdcny gdgjrgn cb lny ingcrisny

dgsbudnuby gd cb inkrgdiaidg ing bl b}sbudnu, la irea ma cb sbgbu rga snka a la askyhbua, yd bys

neysurdca gny cau punelbkay'


14/20

Kngsaubkny sncn byiurprlnyakbgsb a la xbv qrb agnsaubkny lny payny qrb sbgbkny t lny

cdhbubgsby ubjlafby, gn apubsdy bg b}ibyn lny imdily pnuqrb yd gn, gn ybudy iapaiby cb ahlnfaulny

la ydjrdbgsb xbv' Bg la irea inkpuneau qrb bl

hlnsacnu gn bys pdgimacn, la kbfnu kagbua by

cbfauln yrkbujdcn bg jaynldga cruagsb rgay mnuay t

cbypry yaiauln t xbu yd pbya ky' Inkpuneau bl

erbg hrgidngakdbgsn cb la ajrfa cb idbuub cb payn cb

jaynldga a la irea, rga ajrfa qrb gn idbuub, aiaeau

apaubidbgcn jaynldga bg bl xbgsrud'

Bg lny iaueruacnuby ing ubjlafb cb blln, ubjlau laalsrua cbl gdxbl cb jaynldga bg la irea, ay pnu

bfbkpln bg lny qrb llbxag irea ybpauaca t rgdca pnu

rg kaiauug al iaueruacnu, inkn bl cb la hdjrua 1=,

sdpn J'P', bl irbupn cbl iaueruacnu bg yr pausb

dghbudnu yrblb sbkbu rga kauia bg yr b}sbudnu paua

dgcdiau bl gdxbl, bl iral yb ingydjrb yredbgcn

eafagcn la irea bg yr yrfbidg blysdia al imaydy' La

juag xbgsafa cb bysay ireay cb irbupn ybpauacn t

kngsacn blysdiakbgsb by la cbyapaudidg cb

xdeuaidngby suagykdsdcay pnu bl knsnu, xdeuaidngby

qrb iaryag rgay alsbuaidngby bg bl gdxbl cb la irea,

uavg qrb yb hrb ynlxbgsagcn ing bl sdbkpnkngsagcn rga frgsa aljn blysdia bgsub bl iaueruacnu t bl knsnu t pnysbudnukbgsb maidbgcn

snsalkbgsb blysdia la rgdg bgsub iaueruacnu t knsnu pnu kbcdn cb rg kagjrdsn cb jnka

ydgssdia bl iral aeuava lny cny ingcrisny pbun gn yb sniag bgsub y' Bysb kagjrdsn cb jnka by

krt yryibpsdelb cb hdyruay, yneub sncn ing bl sdbkpn, krimay xbiby rga dgypbiidg psdia gn lay

cbsbisa pbun bysg cagcn adub al dgsbudnu' La kbfnu kagbua cb inkpuneau yr bysagqrbdcac by ing

sncn kngsacn, bgidgsauln edbg bgidgsacn, yd xbdy qrb yb ubjrla la kauima a ualbgs t yb xrblxb

bysaelb, ta yaedy cngcb bysaea bl punelbka, iakedau byb kagjrdsn'

Nsuny iaueruacnuby, lny cb sdpn lkdga 9 t 3, xbkny qrb la ajrfa igdia cb idbuub S, xa hdfaca bg

pnydidg bg bl hlnsacnu H pnu kbcdn cb rg ildp J,

ybjg inlnqrbkny la ajrfa ky auudea ky aeafn bg

bl hlnsacnu sbgcubkny bl gdxbl ky eafn ky alsn'

Bg nsuny iaueruacnuby ky kncbugny inkn lny cb la

hdjrua 11, la ajrfa by dgcbpbgcdbgsb pbun cb kasbudal

plysdin pnu inkplbsn' Cbypry a bya ajrfa yb la

dginupnu rga prgsa igdia cb jnka sdpn lay cb la

hdjrua 14, ysa by bkprfaca pnu rga imapdsa rgdca al

hlnsacnu, irta imapdsa pncubkny cnelau rg pnin bg rg

ybgsdcn r nsun, ay pnu bfbkpln la lsdka jbgbuaidg cb

iaueruacnuby Edgj, bg ysny la imapdsa ma cb bysau cnelaca cb sal hnuka qrb qrdsacn bl

iaueruacnu cb la knsn t yr sapa dghbudnu, by cbidu ing la irea al adub, prbysn bg pnydidg

dgxbusdca, t snsalkbgsb xbusdial, lny cny hlnsacnuby bysg paualblny t mnudvngsalby, by cbidupaualblny al plagn cb frgsa cb la sapa dghbudnu' Bysb lsdkn sdpn cb ajrfa, yb iauaisbudva pnu sbgbu

la prgsa igdia t bg kasbudal jnknyn, yd bya prgsa cb jnka sdbgb cbyjaysb bg yr aydbgsn inkn

krbysua la lakdga 14, iakedaula prby cb ln ingsuaudn cau punelbkay' Bg ubyrkbg, rg

iaueruacnu qrb gn pncakny cbfau pauaca la knsn ing la jaynldga aedbusa, n rga knsn qrb mbkny

cb ibuuau la jaynldga agsby cb pauaula t aeudula cbypry cb auuagiaula, sdbgb punelbkay cb idbuub

cb ajrfa hlnsacnu n cbl kdykn hlnsacnu qrb gn hlnsa n cb alsrua cbl gdxbl cb jaynldga'

Bg bl kngsafb pngbu inuubisakbgsb lay frgsay qrb suadja bl iaueruacnu ay inkn lay pnydelby

sudiay bg lny snugdllny, yd lay llbxag, prby sncn bysn by hnin cb bgsuacay cb adub t alsbuaidg cb la

iaueruaidg, yneub sncn bg kauima lbgsa' Nsun prgsn a cbysaiau by la sapa yrpbudnu cbl

Hdjrua 14' Ajrfay igdiay

Hdjrua 1=' Ubjlafb cbl gdxbl cb la irea


15/20

iaueruacnu, xag n asnugdllacay n unyiacay, aljrgay llbxag frgsay nsuay gn pbun yb prbcbg pngbu yd

ynypbimdy gn aydbgsa edbg, ln gnukal by pngbu rga sudia krt hdgdsa qrb aydbgsa bgsub la sapa t

yr bgiafb, bysb prgsn yrblb ybu hursn cb bgsuacay cb adub a la xbv qrb bl aydbgsn cbl iaelb+hrgca bg

bl iaueruacnu, qrb gnukalkbgsb xdbgb iredbusn ing rga jnka gbjua paua byn, paua mbukbsdvauln'

Rga ynlridg alsbugasdxa a bysa jnka by bgidgsau ing idgsa PXI gbjua'

Iubn ta sbgbkny grbysun iaueruacnu ldkpdn

kngsacn t edbg mbukbsdvacn a la xbv

sbgbkny inkpuneacn bl bgibgcdcn, prbysn a

prgsn t erfa bg erbg bysacn grbxa, xakny

auuagiau la kqrdga b dgsbgsau afrysau bybiaueruacnu6 Mbkny cb sbgbu ydbkpub

pubybgsb t krt ilaun la lkdga agsbudnu 50,

bg blla bysa cderfacn bl cdhrynu t bysg

byqrbkasdvacay 3 vngay qrb inuubypngcbg a

3 pnydidngby cb aebusrua cb inuubcbua

-iakpaga$ lrbjn 3 pnydidngby cb apbusrua

cbl kagcn cb jay, bg iaca rga cb bysay 3

vngay maib yr suaeafn rg iduirdsn cbl

iaueruacnu t by ubypngyaelb gdia t

b}ilrydxakbgsb byb iduirdsn, pnu ln qrb

mbkny cb sbgbu edbg ilaun iral by6

1+ cb 0 a 1.= cb apbusrua cb jay, bl ubypngyaelb by bl iduirdsn cb eafa'5+ Cb 1.= a cb apbusrua, by ubypngyaelb la alsrua cbl edybl cb la xlxrla inuubcbua -iakpaga$9+ Cb a cb apbusrua, by ubypngyaelb la ajrfa igdia cb la xlxrla inuubcbua3+ Cb a jay a snpb by ubypngyaelb bl imdil cb alsa

5'+IDUIRDSN CB EAFAA bysay alsruay sncny ingnibkny pbuhbisakbgsb byb iduirdsn cb eafa' T yaebkny qrb yr

ubjrlaidg cbpbgcb cb cny snugdllny, bl cb ualbgs, qrb ln gdin qrb maib by al apubsauln, cbfau bg

rga pnydidg ky alsa la iakpaga, pnu ln qrb bgsuau ky adub, pnu ln qrb bg sbnua bl ualbgs ybu

ky alsn -yredu bl ualbgs$' Bl ybjrgcn snugdlln by bl cbl adub bl iral cbfa ky payn cb bysb bghrgidg bys ky aedbusn'

Bysn by b}aisakbgsb idbusn a kbcday, kb b}pldin, bg krimny iaueruacnuby, bl snugdlln cbl adub, by

byn ubjrla bl payn cb adub, lrbjn yd ln ahlnfakny paya ky adub, -bkpneubib la kbvila$, yd ln

apubsakny paya kbgny adub -bgudqrbib la kbvila$ bysn by pnu bfbkpln bg lny iaueruacnuby Akal'

Pbun bg lny Edgj cb rlsdka jbgbuaidg bl snugdlln cbl adub ubjrla bl payn cb kbvila cb

jaynldga.adub bg bl iduirdsn cb eafa pnu ln qrb bl bhbisn by bl ingsuaudn, yd ahlnfakny cakny ky

payn cb jaynldga pnu ln qrb bgudqrbib la kbvila t yd ln apubsakny xakny ibuuagcn payn cb

jaynldga pnu ln qrb bkpneubib la kbvila' By irbysdg cb puneau bg grbysun iaueruacnu, argqrb

ln yaeubkny t cb yneua -bypbun$yd ln mbkny cbykngsacn, t yd gn by irbysdg cb jduauln bg akeny

ybgsdcny t xbu yd yb bgudqrbib yb bkpneubib' Ay pnu bfbkpln rga kbvila udia -ydbkpub yb

maela bg punpnuidg cbl inkerysdelb$ by aqrblla qrb yr kauima by ky pbyaca, ky

Pnk''pnk'pnk'pnkpnk, t eafa updcakbgsb cb xrblsay al ibuuau bl jay, rga pneub byky ldxdaga t sbgcbgsb a gn eafauyb cb xrblsay sudg'sudg'sudg ''sudgggggg xalb>'

Gnukalkbgsb lny kagralby cb la knsn n lny akdjny -qrb ydbkpub yaebg krimn$ bypbidhdiag la

juacraidg cb bysb snugdlln cbl adub, ydbkpub yb maela cb rga pnydidg cb apbusrua a ingsau cbycb

yr pnydidg cb ibuuacn, pbun sr gn sb xay a cau pnu inghnukb t xay a xbu t inkpuneau yd bl akdjn

bl kagral sdbgbg uavg bg sr knsn' Nfdsn, by inysrkeub t gnxasaca al apubsau bl snugdlln cbl adub

t bgingsuau yr snpb, ybjrdu apubsagcn t gn yaedy la axbua qrb bysakny iaryagcn prby

kauiakny yr prgsa bg ingn, bysunpbagcn bysb t iayd dgrsdldvagcn la ubjrlaidg, pnu ln qrb yd

sbgdy bysb snugdlln ing la prgsa bg ingn kauiaca, puniruau iakedauln' Ubinucau ydbkpub , jduau

yraxbkbgsb bl snugdlln t bg iragsn bgingsubkny la kgdka ubydysbgida cb llbjau a yr snpb cb

Hdjrua 50' Apbusrua cb la inuubcbua b dghlrbgiday


16/20

apudbsb cbfauln am, gn hnuvauln' Pngbu bl snugdlln cbl adub bg la pnydidg ubinkbgcaca t ydgn

cbfauln aedbusn rga xrblsa, ialbgsau bl knsnu maysa yr sbkpbuasrua gnukal cb hrgidngakdbgsn,

juacrau bl ualbgs rg pnin alsn t aisrau bg bl snugdlln cb eafa paua ingybjrdu la pnydidg cb

ualbgs ky alsn, lrbjn jduau la eafa cb xrblsa bg bl ybgsdcn cb bgudqrbibu t cbfau la eafa am,

amnua ubjrlau ing bl cb ualbgs paua cbfauln bg rg ualbgs acbiracn' Bysa by rga sbnua krt

b}sbgcdca pbun tn ky edbg kduaua juacrau bl snukdlln eafa maysa bgingsuau al ualbgs la kauima

ky ubjrlau t bysaelb, cbgsun cb la dgbysaedldcac jbgudia cb lny 5s, la crlvrua a ualbgs cbl 3s,

sakedg kduaua la suagydidg cb aljn yredcn cb xrblsay al ualbgs, yd lb irbysa eafau cb xrblsay by

qrb bys pneub, bgudqrbvin la eafa t yd eafa krt updcn cb xrblsay t yb bgirbgsua krt pbyacn

a ualbgs, bys udia la eafa lrbjn la bkpneubvin -inusn payn jaynldga$, sakedg by dkpnusagsb la

suagydidg cbl ualbgs a yredu cb xrblsay, yd yb xb pbyacn t pbubvnyn n yd al aeudu jayyedsakbgsb sdbgcb a pauauyb, bys udin'

Lrbjn inkn pncbkny xbu by rga ublaidg cb kauima bysaelb t ubjrlau ing aljn cb yrefbsdxa

bypdudsraldcac cbl pdlnsn+kbigdin, by cbidu, eafa a jrysn cbl ingyrkdcnu' Yd juacragcn byb

snugdlln cb eafa llbjakny a sbgbu qrb payaugny cb idbusny lkdsby cb apbusrua inkn prbcb ybu ky

cb 5 xrblsay ibuia cb blln, ky edbg ln ingsuaudn, ibuuacn n iayd, bysb ygsnka by bl bxdcbgsb

qrb mbkny cb aisrau yneub bl imdil cb eafa, iakedgcnln pnu nsun payn ky acbiracn- 2 10

prgsny cdhbubgsb$ ing sal cb qrb bl snugdlln cbl adub yb krbxa bgsub xalnuby cb xrblsa t 5

xrblsay' Inkn cdfb agsby, rg 3s by ky bysaelb t crlib al ualbgs qrb rg 5s, bysb lsdkn cbedcn a

yr auqrdsbisrua, cdhidl cb sbgbuln qrdbsn t k}dkb bg iragsn sbgja aljn cb cbyjaysb, bgsngiby

gn mat cny kncblny djralby gd akdjny qrb ln yaebg sncn, gn qrbca ky ubkbcdn qrb puneau t

puneau t gn hdauyb cbl knsnu cbl xbidgn'

Sakedg gny prbcb niruudu qrb dgsbgsdy inkpuneau sncn ln qrb ny mb ingsacn t llbjrdy a la

ingilrydg qrb ny mb snkacn bl pbln prby xrbysua knsn ubaiidnga snsalkbgsb cdhbubgsb t cb xbv

bg iragcn yb qrbca ubxnlridngaca' bgsngiby ydbgsn dghnukauny sbgdy aljg punelbka cb

bgsuaca cb adub hnusrdsa t yd maedy ubxdyacn edbg sncny lny prgsny, bgsngiby kb dgildgaua a

cbyjaysb cb la iakpaga, gn ny qrbcau ky ubkbcdn qrb iakedaula, yd qrbudy ingybjrdu rga

kauima bysaelb bg ualbgs' Iragcn la iakpaga bys krt jaysaca by bxdcbgsb, prby yb xb bg yr

pausb eafa pbuhbisakbgsb kauiacn bl kbcdn iuirln cbl cdhrynu'

9+ ALSRUA EDYBL INKPRBUSA

La alsrua cb bysb inusb inkn pncbkny xbu pnu ln qrb mbkny bysrcdacn al pudgidpdn, ln qrbpbukdsb by injbu ky kbgny adub bg hrgidg cb ybu ky alsn kbgny alsn'

Bysa alsrua cbl edybl, ubpdsn, yln ubpbuirsb bg la iaueruaidg bg bl ubinuudcn cb 1.= a cb

apbusrua cbl jay, bg iralqrdbu nsua pnydidg cbl jay, gn ubpbuirsb ubpbuirsb kgdkakbgsb' Bysa

purbea t lay ydjrdbgsby ma cb maibuyb cdgkdiakbgsb pnu ln qrb acbky cb la knsn auuagiaca

gbibydsdy bl iayin'

Xbkny bg la hdjrua 51 ikn yb kdcb bya alsrua cbl edybl t bgingsuaubkny bg la eayb cb la

iakpaga rg grkbudsn qrb ybu la ubhbubgida cb bya alsrua, yd sbgbkny yrbusb, mat kauiay qrb

cdima ubhbubgida indgidcb ing lny kdlkbsuny prljacay qrb gny ca la kbcdidg'

Am indgidcdkny sncny bg qrb bys ilaun qrb cbgsun cb byny kujbgby cb jay, aiblbuagcn pnin a

pnin cbycb 1.= a bl xbmirln ma cb du punjubyagcn ldgbal t ubjrlaukbgsb'

Yd la punjubydg by bg aljg prgsn ing sbgcbgida a pauauyb -halln cb aljrga b}plnydg$ t

yneubaiblbuauyb ing b}plnydngby al iaueruacnu -ubsnugny al iaueruacnu$ bys ilaun qrb lakbvila by cbkaydacn pneub, lrbjn sbgbkny rg edybl cbkaydacn alsn qrb ubinjb cbkaydacn

adub paua la punpnuidg cb jaynldga qrb sbgbkny, lrbjn iakedau bya iakpaga pnu rga cb edybl

ky eafn'


17/20

Hdj,y 51 t 55' Dghlrbgida bg la iaueruaidg cb la alsrua cbl edybl, ajrfay t yrusdcnu pudgidpal'

Lny ubsnugny al iaueruacnu yng la ilydia bxdcbgida cb rga kbvila krt pneub yba iral yba bl

ujdkbg cb jdun t la pnydidg cbl kagcn cb jay' Iragcn la kbvila by pneub, bysa yb dghlaka

krt lbgsakbgsb a pausdu cbl yalsn cb la imdypa, pnu ln qrb prbcb qrb bg yr iauubua cbyibgcbgsb

cbl pdysg, aeua la ackdydg cb iauja t sncaxa bys qrbkgcnyb la kbvila ing ln qrb yb

inkrgdia ing la grbxa t yb puncribg byay b}plnydngby bg bl ingcrisn cb ackdydg'

Yd pnu bl ingsuaudn al du aeudbgcn jay cb 1.= a yb gnsa idbusa ubydysbgida a yredu cb xrblsay, by

cbidu pbubvnyn a yredu, qrdvy aljrgny sdungby -halln b}plnydngby$ qrdvy pbqrbay cbsngaidngby

bg bl byiapb, mrkn gbjun t pdiagsb pnu bl byiapb, kauima a 3s bg lny cny sdbkpny -halln cb

b}plnydngby qrb punxnia bya kauima a sdungby$, sncn bysn by purbea bxdcbgsb cb qrb sbgbkny rga

kbvila cbkaydacn udia pnu ln qrb mbkny cb iakedau la iakpaga pnu rga cb edybl ky alsn paua

bkpneubibula'

Yd maedbgcn ubaldvacn lay pbusdgbgsby inuubiidngby, bg la kauima a ualbgs, gn pncbkny inuubjdu

byay b}plnydngby al iaueruacnu al bkpbvau a aeudu jayby, bl punelbka by cb la vnga xbidga, by

cbidu cb la inuubcbua cb la qrb bysakny maelagcn qrb ca rga kbvila cbkaydacn pneub pnu ln qrb

cbebuakny inuubjdu byb edybl pngdgcnln cb grkbun ky eafn'

3+PNYDIDNG T INGDIDCAC CB LA AJRFA CB LA INUUBCBUATa yaebkny t cb yneua yr hrgidngakdbgsn t sakedg yaeb qrb yr dghlrbgida by cb a cbapbusrua cbl kagcn cb jay' Bg la lkdga 55 sbgbkny cny ajrfay, la A cb katnu ingdidcac t la E

cb kbgnu ingdidcac, by bxdcbgsb qrb paua rga kdyka pnydidg cb akeay, la A ca rga kbvila

ky udia qrb la E prby cbfa ky payn cb jaynldga' Sakedg sbgbkny lay krbyiay yrpbudnuby cb

ubjlafb qrb gny pbukdsbg xaudau yr alsrua bg la iakpaga' Paua ailauau, t sbgbu rga parsa, ydbkpub

qrb cdja eafau la ajrfa, by byn, eafaula yr pnydidg ing ubypbisn yr alnfakdbgsn bg la iakpaga, by

cbidu yredu krbyiay bg yr pausb yrpbudnu' Ydbkpub qrb cdja yredu la ajrfa, by eafau krbyiay bl

ildp cb yrfbidg' Lrbjn eafau ajrfa by bkpneubibu kbvila t yredu ajrfa by bgudqrbibu kbvila'

Bysa pdbva frgsn ing bl bkrlynu, by yryibpsdelb cb cbyjaysb ing bl ryn pnu ln qrb ingxbgcua

iakedaulay a la kbgnu crca'


18/20

Al djral qrb bg bl iayn agsbudnu, acbky cb la knsn auuagiaca t bl iayin, sakedg gbibydsakny

rg sunvn cb iauubsbua, amnua mat qrb du aiblbuagcn cb a cb jay punjubydxakbgsb t puneagcn

bg kauimay laujay' La aiblbuaidg ma cb ybu punjubydxa, yd la gnsakny hlnfdlla duubjrlau ing

b}plnydngby al iaueruacnu, aiblbuaidg pneub, sncn bysn ygsnka cb pneubva bg la kbvila, lrbjn

yredu ajrfa t puneau cb grbxn' Yd la aiblbuaidg by pbyaca uasbagcn, b}plnydngby al byiapb,

mrkny pdiagsby n gbjuny, purbea bxdcbgsb qrb by cbkaydacn udia la kbvila pnu ln qrb mbkny

cb eafau la ajrfa' Ay yribydxakbgsb maysa qrb cbkny ing la pnydidg dcbal yalxn qrb gny

qrbcbkny ydg krbyiay paua eafau yredu, bg sal iayn mbkny cb eryiau rga ajrfa ing katnu

ingdidcac kbgnu ingdidcac ubypbisdxakbgsb'

Bl aypbisn cb la erfa, yneub sncn bg lny 3s by rga bxdcbgida cb ln qrb bysakny maidbgcn' Bg lny

5s gn ln by sagsn yalxn yr aypbisn jbgbual cbypry cb agcau, bysn by cbedcn al aibdsb qrb suab la

kbvila, bl iral bgkayiaua bg idbusa kagbua lay pbqrbay xaudaidngby cb sngaldcac' Ay,

puneagcn la ajrfa, yd yaiakny la erfa qrb pubxdakbgsb ma cb ybu grbxa, ing la ybpauaidg cb

blbisuncny a la ubinkbgcaca pnu bl haeudiagsb cb la knsn, gn pnu la ubinkbgcaca pnu bl

haeudiagsb cb la erfa -ing blln qrdbun cbidu qrb paua rga knsn cb xnlagsb kajgsdin t plasdgny,

la ybpauaidg yrblb ybu 0,3 kk t gn la eaueaudcac, paua bysny bgibgcdcny, cb 0,8 kk qrb by

inkn yrblbg xbgdu prby by inkn xag lny bgibgcdcny aisralby$ cb juacn sukdin acbiracn a la

xbv qrb ldkpda t la xbkny ing ubysny cb mnllg, n juaynya eudllagsb by purbea bxdcbgsb qrb

sbgbkny rga kbvila udia' Yd pnu bl ingsuaudn, gny yalb la pnuiblaga t bl blbisuncn ibgsual sduagcn

a elagin inlnu ilaudsn, by purbea bxdcbgsb cb ln ingsuaudn, kbvila pneub' Yd gny yalb inlnu iah

ing lbimb, by inuubisa la iaueruaidg, yd sbgdy crcay, kbsbuny la erfa al enlydlln t pngbu nsua,

lrbjn pnu bfbkpln pauau a snkau rg iah t qrb yba ing lbimb''

Al djral qrb ing bl iayn agsbudnu, bg bl iayn cb xlxrla inuubcbua, ing bl kagcn jay ungcagcn la

vnga ldkdsaca bgsub t 1.5 cbl jay, pnu ky qrb eafakny la ajrfa ybjrdkny sbgdbgcn kbvila

udia, pncbkny puneau a yredu cb grkbun la iakpaga by cbidu rg edybl ky alsn qrb gny

bkpneubib la kbvila ta qrb gny ubinjb ky adub' Bl ayrgsn cb xbgdu cb heudia lay ajrfay ing

xauday pnydidngby cb ubjlafb -cb 9 a 2 gnukalkbgsb$ t xbgdu la kaqrdga ing la ajrfa bg yr

pnydidg ibgsual iayd by pnu cau pnydedldcacby cb ubjlafb bg hrgidg cb la alsrua a la qrb gny

bgingsubkny, ta qrb rg knsnu kdbgsuay ky apruacn bys ybu ky ybgydelb a bysny iakedny cb

alsrua t pnydelbkbgsb yd gn inuubjdkny iaueruaidg yb gny mau rga pbyacdlla yr ingcriidg'

2+IMDIL CB ALSA'Edbg, amnua acbky cb iayin t iauubsbua, gbibydsakny krimn irdcacn bg hrgidg cb la

pnsbgida.xblnidcac qrb prbca cbyauunllau grbysua kqrdga t cb la iauubsbua qrb sbgbkny pnu

ubinuubu' La purbea cbl imdil cb alsa yb maib a plbgny jayby bg la kauima ky lauja t grgia yb

yrblb aibusau a la pudkbua ydgn qrb yb yrblb crcau -inkn bg bl ubysn cb lny iayny$'

Lagvauyb a plbgny jayby a snpb xblnidcac t nlxdcauyb cb sncn ln cbky qr> inuub>

Yd la knsn xa edbg, inkn rga kqrdga, pbun ibuuakny rg pblg bl jay t paubib ay inuub ky

sncaxa, bys ilaun qrb la punpnuidg bua pneub t al bgudqrbibula sbgbkny ky pnsbgida t inuub

ky, prby iakedau bl imdil cb alsa pnu rgn ky jnucn, pncdy du puneagcn pnu bfbkpln cb 2

bg 2 ibgsydkay cb 10 bg 10' Yd pnu bl ingsuaudn, xakny a plbgny jayby t la knsn gn llbja,

uasba maib kauima a 3 sdbkpny, yd ibuuakny rg pblg jay sncaxa xa pbnu, by ilaun ygsnka cbb}ibyn cb udqrbva, lrbjn cdykdgrdu bl imdil cb alsa'

Cbgsun cb bysny cny b}subkny, sbgcubkny rg kaujbg cb juacraidg bg bl iral la kqrdga xa

edbg pbun prcdbgcn npsau pnu ky ldjbua ky pbyaca, sduau ydbkpub a ky pbyaca -kbvila

udia$ yneub sncn bg lny 5s' Mat qrb ybu krt iarsblnyny ing la hdgrua cb la iaueruaidg gny

payau iaua haisrua, sbkpuagn bg lny 5s ing rg judpafb, rg pnin ky saucb bg lny 3s ing rg

cbsbudnun b}ibydxn cb yr pausb alsa pnu suaeafn a b}ibyn cb sbkpbuasrua' T aqr y aingybfn

kduau cbsbgdcakbgsb lay erfay a la xbv qrb yrpngjn sbgbkny bl bgibgcdcn pbuhbisakbgsb ialacn

bg yr prgsn t bg erbg bysacn' Yd la erfa yalb krt ybia, elagia, sbgbkny krt pnia imdima


19/20

by cbidu pneub, la kbvila pneub jbgbua bg iaca b}plnydg ky ialnu qrb rga kbvila udia, pnu

sagsn yb gny ialbgsau ky t pnu sagsn katnu haidldcac a cbsngau -maelaubkny eubxbkbgsb cb

blln$ t yd grbysun knsnu yb bgirbgsua bg bl lkdsb ibuia cb bxairaidg cb ialnu, pncbkny sbgbu

rg erbg ialbgsg, bysn bg bl 3s

Bg bl 5s apausb cb bysn, grgia nlxdcbkny qrb bl bgjuayb cb sncay yry pausby kxdlby cbl subg

alsbugasdxn bysa ydbgcn bgxdacn pnu bl aibdsb qrb bimakny al inkerysdelb, lrbjn pnin

inkerysdelb, pnin aibdsb, sncn bysn yb maib ky iudsdin bg rg 5s cb iauubsbua bg bl qrb ibuuakny

jay t saucakny bg eafau cb xrblsay '' La kbfnu kagbua cb inkpuneau yd sbgbkny rga kbvila

pneub bg rg 3s by bg lay iaay cb lay xlxrlay cb byiapb, n bg lny byiapby pnu yr pausb dgsbudnu,

mausa inkpldiaca la npbuaidg prby mat qrb cbykngsau lny byiapby t kduau pnu bl ingcrisn bg blidldgcun' Acbky mat qrb maibuln cb la ydjrdbgsb kagbua6 du rg uasn a plbgny jayby, inusau

bgibgcdcn cb ubpbgsb t pauau, qrb gn c gdgjrga imdypa ky la erfa, cbykngsau t inkpuneau yd

bysg elagqrbidgay lay iaay cb lay xlxrlay, ygsnka bxdcbgsb cb pneubva bg la iaueruaidg' Ln

qrb y by sakedg eaysagsb hdaelb inkn ln cb lay iaay, yrpngdbgcn erfa acbiraca, bgibgcdcn

edbg bsi' bsi', by maibu la kdyka npbuaidg cb inusau bgibgcdcn t yaiau la erfa paua neybuxaula,

ibukdia elagia by kbvila pneub a parpuudka'

Hdj,y 59 t 53' B}plnydg gnukal t cbsngaidg

LA CBSNGAIDGBysn ybua knsdxn cb nsun ausirln pnu yr b}sbgydg prby by rg bhbisn qrb prbcb ybu iaryacn pnu

krimny haisnuby pbun bg bl iayn qrb gny snia, rga kbvila pneub haidldsa bgnukbkbgsb la

cbsngaidg' Rg knsnu qrb cbsngb argqrb yba pnu nsuny knsdxny, qrdvy bgudqrbidbgcn la kbvila

ingydjakny paldau bya cbsngaidg'

La cbsngaidg arsnbgibgcdcn pdiacn -pdiacn a ybiay, gn pdiacn cb edbla, bysb lsdkn by nsun

sbka krt cdhbubgsb, argqrb mat jbgsb qrb yb bkpba bg llakaula ay$, by rgn cb lny bhbisny ky

cadgny paua rg knsnu t cbycb lrbjn mat qrb dgsbgsau inuubjduln pnu sncny lny kbcdny pnydelby'Ydkplbkbgsb cbiduny qrb la cbsngaidg by bl kdykn urdcdsn qrb rgny pbucdjngby kbsdcny bg rga

ensblla cb iudysal la iral ajdsakny''Ildgi''ildgi''ildgi''ildgi'' Bl pdiacn cb edbla, ta yba bg yr

iaebva, n bg yr pd n uncakdbgsny cb idjbal, ky edbg by rg ilagi' ilagi''ilag''ilag '

Ybu byiurprlnyny bg lny afrysby t grgia xauddy ky cb rg paukbsun a la xbv bg iaca purbea,

agnsauln sncn ydgn xbudy la cb xbiby qrb maudy ln kdykn pnu gn ainucauny, sbgbc rgny iragsny

imdily t erfay a cdypnydidg t yneub sncn paidbgida'


20/20

Bg bl iayn cb gn pncbu cdypngbu cb imdily cb alsa sbgbu qrb haeudiusblny, qrb gn by cdhidl,

maibulny ydbkpub cb lasg' Mat bg bl kbuiacn byiaudacnuby bypbihdiny paua ajuagcau payny cb

imdily t jaljay paua kbcdu yry cdkbsuny dgsbudnuby -argqrb tn mb xdysn a ybnuby inkpauau cny

imdily ybjrdcny cb kbcdca kduagcn a suaxy cb bllny maida la lrv''>$' A xbiby, yd cdypngdy

cb rg salacun cb inlrkga, inkpuau bl frbjn cb jaljay, lny byiaudacnuby, rgay euniay hdgay -iayd

inkn pblny$, snugdllny cb lasg, ny yalb ky eauasn qrb rga cbibga cb imdily paua puneau bg rg

pau cb knsny, cbpbgcb cb ln incdidacny qrb bysg byny imdily t cb la paidbgida t hdgrua cbl

kagdsay' Mat rg surin qrb a xbiby bkplbn paua cdykdgrdu payny cb imdily cb alsa pbun yln

knkbgsgbakbgsb, paua puneau, lrbjn ln haeudin a la kbcdca, t by dgsuncridu bg yr dgsbudnu rg

alakeub n xaudny pblny cb alakeub, cnelacny pnu hrbua cbl payn paua qrb gn yb yaljag' Yd

yaebkny bl cdkbsun cbl imdil t qrbubkny puneau ing nsun cdkbsun pu}dkn pbun gn lnsbgbkny t sbgbkny rgn krimn ky juagcb, snkakny bl juagcb b dgsuncridkny sagsny alakeuby

inkn gbibydsbkny paua qrb ubysagcn cb la yrpbuhdidb cbl payn cb byb imdil la yrka cb lay

yrpbuhdidby cb lay ybiidngby cb lny alakeuby, gny c rga yrpbuhdidb qrb inuubypngca al cdkbsun

eryiacn hidl, gn>'

Kbcdu lny imdily cb eafa by ky inkpldiacn prby yng cdkbsuny krt pbqrbny t gn yb yrblbg

bgingsuau jaljay cb byny cdkbsuny, pbun qr kbfnuby jaljay qrb eunqrdsay cb kbcdcay

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tutorial sobre los principios básicos de la carburación

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