visión organismos multilaterales
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Matteo Grazzi, Representación BID en ColombiaTRANSCRIPT
La plataforma de
Conectividad de las
Américas
Matteo Grazzi
Economista
División de Competitividad, Tecnología e Innovación
Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID)
Bogotá, 13 de Junio 2012
XV Cumbre reguladores y operadores AHCIET
Dependiendo del tipo de servicios, los requisitos en
términos de velocidad y tecnología difieren
• Broadband provides internet connectivity at high speeds.
2 7
Understanding broadband speed requirements for the “Home of the future”:
IP Telephony
Video Telephony
Video Conference
Online games
Network
Storage
Mobile BB
*Broadband: Minimum of 0.2 Mbps to 100 Mbps
El uso y la demanda para todo tipo de servicios en línea
se espera que sigan creciendo en América Latina :
4.802
21.380
0
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Tra
ffic
(P
B)
Internet Traffic by service in Latin America Forecast 2010-2015
Video communications
Instants messaging
SD video
HD video
Video to TV
Web browsing and data
Peer-to-peer filesharing
Online storage
peer-to-peer file
sharing: ∆ 445%
Source: Own elaboration, based on Informa Telecom & Media (2010)
La naturaleza del problema depende de las condiciones
sociodemográficas y geográficas, que afectan el rendimiento
financiero de las inversiones
PUBLIC: • Rural areas where specific intervention to guarantee Service / Universal Access is needed and incentives are required • The main problem is the lack of infrastructures • Profitability is not feasible: market failure
PUBLIC/PRIVATE: • Urban-rural areas with medium density • Mobile infrastructure is the best technological option for voice and data services. PPPs needed • There are regulatory and infrastructure problems. Public intervention may accelerate broadband development. • Profitability could be feasible
PRIVATE: • Urban dense areas of high density • Usually exists more than one infrastructure • The main problems are related to the regulatory framework and competition • Profitability is feasible: market dynamics
1
2
3
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Sin banda ancha
% Municipios
% Hogares
Zona de muy baja penetración en BA
>2.500 hog./ mun. >150 hog./ mun.
>5.000 hog./ mun.
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Sin banda ancha
% Municipios
% Hogares
Zona de muy baja penetración en BA
>2.500 hog./ mun. >150 hog./ mun.
>5.000 hog./ mun.
1
2 3
> 25,000 hh./mun.
> 10,000 hh./mun. > 2,500 hh./mun.
Households
Municipalities Source: García Zaballos, A (GSM)
Level of
strategic
regulatory /
policy
Intervention
• Deploy backbone network
infrastructure
• Initiate policy enablers such as
infrastructure sharing to
increase competition
• Deploy high speed infrastructure in high economic
areas
• Deploy access network to increase coverage in
the low demand areas (financial incentive)
• In addition, develop services and applications to
drive usage / demand
• Stimulate further adoption through
development of public services targeted
towards mass market and utility services
• Ensure coverage of un-served /
underserved areas
Network Deployment Ecosystem Development Universal Access and Welfare
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
High
Med
Med-High
Ho
us
eh
old
Bro
ad
ba
nd
Pen
etr
ati
on
Source: Analysys Mason
Significant role of government
in rollout of core and access
infrastructure, either through
own and / or mandating
incumbent and regulatory /
policy changes to increase
penetration
Investment model: Ownership /
PPP Growth in broadband adoption is
primarily driven by market forces. Major
investments are from private sector
with the role of government typically
limited to providing financial incentives
Investment model: PPP / Financial
Incentives
Level of government intervention
increases to enable service
development to stimulate demand and
ensure BB availability to all services at
affordable prices
Investment model: PPP / Financial
incentives
La experiencia demuestra que la tipología de intervención
pública depende de las condiciones específicas que enfrenta
cada país
Level of
strategic
regulatory /
policy
Intervention
• Deploy backbone network
infrastructure
• Initiate policy enablers such as
infrastructure sharing to increase
competition
• Deploy high speed infrastructure in high economic
areas
• Deploy access network to increase coverage in the
low demand areas (financial incentive)
• In addition, develop services and applications to drive
usage / demand
• Stimulate further adoption through
development of public services targeted
towards mass market and utility services
• Ensure coverage of un-served / underserved
areas
Network Deployment Ecosystem Development Universal Access and Welfare
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
High
Med
Med-High
Ho
us
eh
old
Bro
ad
ba
nd
Pen
etr
ati
on
Source: Analysys Mason
Teniendo en cuenta la diversidad de la región, América Latina se
enfrenta a diferentes desafíos que requieren respuestas distintas
7
Australia
90% of homes,
schools and
workplaces will
receive 100Mbit/s
broadband under
National
Broadband
Network plans
Brunei
Currently developing a
Broadband Strategic
Plan
Canada
CAD225 million to
develop and
implement a
broadband
coverage strategy
for under-served
communities
Finland
100Mbit/s to be
available to nearly all
Finns by the end of
2015
France
USD2.88 billion to
encourage service
provider network
investments in
smaller cities and
rural areas
Germany
By 2014, 75% of all
regions to have access
to 50Mbit/s Internet via
fibre, cable or wireless
connections
Ireland
Under the National
Broadband Scheme the
government is contributing
EUR79.8 million towards an
investment programme of
c.EUR223M
Sources: Government websites
Japan
Targeting over
100Mbit/s for mobile
and 1Gbit/s for fixed
by 2015
Malaysia
The National
Broadband Initiative
plus high-speed
broadband
deployment to
increase penetration
rate to 50%
Spain
Broadband added to
universal service
requirement, 100%
basic broadband
coverage targeted by
2013 and extensive
penetration of ultra-fast
broadband by 2020
Portugal
Public tenders
issued to deliver
broadband across
the country at a
minimum speed of
40Mbit/s
USA
USD7.2 billion set aside
to expand broadband
access to un-served and
under-served
communities
Republic of Korea
KRW1.3 trillion to
be invested to
increase speeds
from 100Mbits to
1Gbits by 2012
Singapore
The Next
Generation
National
Broadband
Network will
deliver 1Gbit/s to
95% by mid-
2012
Thailand
Developing a National Broadband
UK
By 2012 intends to
have a universal
service broadband
commitment of 2Mbit/s
Increase speed Increase coverage Develop Universal
Plan
Países de todo el mundo han enfrentado este reto
embarcándose en ambiciosos planes de expansión de banda
ancha
Baja penetración
Altos precios Hecho 2:
Hecho 1:
Bajo uso Hecho 3:
Las dimensiones de la Banda Ancha
en América Latina
1:Baja penetración
Heterogénea entre países
Y desigual dentro de cada país
Go Back
Los países latinoamericanos tienen una penetración mucho
menor de las TIC que los países de la OCDE
Existen diferentes condiciones socio-demográficas y
económicas a tener en cuenta
La penetración móvil del 100% existe, como es la norma
ahora casi todo el mundo, pero casi todos los teléfonos son
de banda estrecha y no smartphones
Hay una brecha entre la tasa de penetración móvil y la
penetración de banda ancha móvil (oportunidad de
crecimiento)
En conclusión:
13
Hecho 2: Conexiones de baja velocidad
a precios inaccesibles
17,00
6,77 6,29
5,50 5,14
4,54 3,96
3,00 3,00
2,25 1,81 1,70 1,52 1,43 1,41 1,24 1,00 0,98 0,94 0,85 0,68 0,63 0,58 0,38
Media OCDEChile
JamaicaBrasil
Trinidad y TobagoArgentinaColombia
MéxicoPanamá
Rep. DominicanaCosta Rica
PerúEcuador
ParaguayUruguay
VenezuelaHonduras
El SalvadorNicaragua
BoliviaGuatemala
SurinamBelice
Guyana 39,29 40,96 50,00 51,65 59,22 68,10 73,07 73,18 73,78 78,96 84,09 84,56 86,49 100,75
118,95 119,53 129,06 129,68 134,57
172,24 176,83
220,07 263,82
326,78
UruguayJamaica
Media OCDEMéxico
ChileTrinidad y Tobago
VenezuelaEl SalvadorGuatemala
ColombiaCosta Rica
BrasilArgentinaParaguay
PanamáNicaraguaHonduras
PerúEcuadorGuyana
Rep. DominicanaSurinam
BeliceBolivia
Average speed offered (Mbps) Broadband prices - Average plans
(U$ PPP/month)
2.32
117 Latin-America Average
8
12
18
22
23
30
32
33
38
46
54
83
104
105
105
109
130
142
143
186
358
435
436
489
Media OCDE
Jamaica
Chile
México
Trinidad y Tobago
Colombia
Brasil
Argentina
Panamá
Uruguay
Costa Rica
Paraguay
Ecuador
Rep. Dominicana
Perú
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Venezuela
Nicaragua
Surinam
Guyana
Bolivia
Belice
Average price per Mbps (U$ PPP/Mbps)
136
Source: Galperin and Ruzzier (2010, 2011)
Broadband prices - Average plans as a %
of income per capita (U$ PPP/month)
OECD: 2% of monthly income
LAC: 18% of monthly income
Source: GNI Per capita PPP year –
World Bank data Catalogue (2010 )
OECD countries
pay, on average,
only 6% of LAC
prices per Mbps.
Go Back
Hecho 3:Bajo uso por parte de todos los actores
Individual; 2,62
Individual; 5,35
Business; 3,28
Business; 4,92
Government; 3,30 Government; 4,59
0,00
1,00
2,00
3,00
4,00
5,00
6,00
Usage Subindex LAC & OECD, 2012
Individual Business Government
Source: Own elaboration, based on WEF, 2012
The usage subindex measures Information and Communication Technology (ICT) penetration
and diffusion among the main social agents. The compounded subindex assesses individual
efforts to increase their capacity to use ICT, as well as their actual use in their day-to-day
activities with other agents.
Estas dimensiones representan los mayores desafíos para
que la región y sus habitantes se beneficien de la banda
ancha:
Baja penetración
Altos precios
Bajo uso
Hecho 2:
Hecho 1:
Hecho 3:
Acceso universal
Y también….
Servicios universales
Desafio 1:
Acceso
Precios accesibles Desafio 2:
Adopcion
Falta de alfabetizacion digital
Falta de contenidos locales
Desafio 3:
Uso
La región ha reconocido la necesidad de promover la
penetración de banda ancha y ha solicitado el apoyo del
BID
Recent Regional Political Acknowledgement and Agreements:
• VI Summit of the Americas: “To foster increased connection of
telecommunication networks in general, including fiber optic and broadband,
among the region’s countries, as well as international connections, to improve
connectivity, increase the dynamism of communications between the nations of
the Americas…” (Cartagena, 2012)
• The 12 members of the Union of South American Countries (UNASUR)
agreed to address the region’s gap in broadband penetration (Brazil, 2011).
• Caribbean Ministers of Telecommunications requested an assessment of
countries’ broadband infrastructure and regulatory frameworks and training on
the importance of broadband. (2011)
…among others…
Integrated urban development
Modern Disaster Risk Management
Improved service delivery
Efficient and transparent
utilities
Una forma nueva y más eficiente de hacer lo que el Banco ya está
haciendo:
Institutions
Integration
Infrastructure &
Environment
Social
More Efficient & Responsive
New business models
More Transparent & Participatory
Mobile banking,
transfers & remittances
E-Learning
Continuous teacher training
Access to information and resources at low
cost
Tele-medicine
Faster insertion into the Global Economy
Easier provision of
regional public goods
Better communication &
coordination
Modern integration strategies
Broadband as an
enabler for
INNOVATION
Development of
broadband plans
and broadband
strategies for
digitalization
Demand &
Supply side
Support efforts to
update the
regulatory
frameworks to
reduce the prices
and evolve towards
universality of
Broadband
Supply side
Increase the
penetration of
services and
applications
thorough PPP and
public investments
Supply &
Demand side
Development of
innovative services
and applications and
through capacity
building of the public
and the private
sector
Demand side
Un enfoque integral es necesario para aumentar el
acceso, la adopción y el uso de servicios de banda
ancha en la región:
Construcción
de capacidades
4 Políticas
Públicas y
visión
estratégica
Regulación Infraestructura
3 2 1
Technical cooperation projects to:
Public
Policies Regulation
Infra-
structure
Capacity
building
ONGOING / ACTIVE:
Develop Broadband Plans for Central America
Develop National Plan of Connectivity in Haiti
Support in the development of the Broadband strategy for
the Government of Honduras
Wireless networks and services for social inclusion in the
Municipality of Guacarí in Colombia
Broadband network for Yucatan
IN-DESIGN / PIPELINE:
Development of a Regional Public Good in the Caribbean
Development of demonstration projects in Peru, Jamaica,
Costa Rica and Paraguay
Support to UNASUR in the development of an optical fiber
ring for the 13 countries. Prefeasibility studies
El Banco ya está apoyando a los países y desarrollando
trabajo analítico
Knowledge products and ESWs - Ongoing Cross-cutting work:
• Development of a broadband index and a balance scorecard for the 26 countries
• Econometric model to show the impact that broadband has on economic growth and productivity.
• Development of broadband maps to open the dialogue on PPPs
*TO DO:
• Review the regulatory framework on spectrum management to launch “white spaces”
• Study on funding / investment schemes for broadband deployment in the region
4 3 1 2
*IFD is grateful to the Korean and Spanish Governments for their support and vision
El BID ha fortalecido sus vínculos con el sector privado:
PPPs are an essential element in this effort: Therefore, in coordination with more than
25 representatives from the telecommunications industry worldwide, the Bank produced an
action-oriented report stating the industry’s common position on how to accelerate
broadband penetration in the LAC Region.
Como puede el BID apoyar a América Latina en este
desafío?
El papel del BID:
Continuar apoyando acciones específicas de acuerdo a su mandato de
seguir haciendo lo que hacemos, pero hacerlo mejor
Aprovechar el conocimiento disponible y la experiencia en sectores críticos
para el desarrollo.
Usar sus capacidades para seguir un enfoque integral para la expansión de la
banda ancha en la región (4 pilares)
Mantener alianzas estratégicas con otros organismos multilaterales y el sector
privado
Instrumentos disponibles:
Conjunto de instrumentos diversos para apoyar a los países: préstamos,
cooperaciones técnicas no reembolsables, asesoría técnica, productos de
conocimientos.
