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180 ÷ 7

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180 ÷ 8

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180 ÷ 9

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180 ÷ 10

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cfFvf / b]zeSt dg 8f= /fdk|;fb 1jfnL

;dfnf]rgf

k/Lx¿sf] b]zdf gf/L k|ltef ?s' sfsL{åf/f kl5Nnf] ;dodf /lrPsf ofqf ;+:d/0fx¿sf] ;flxlTos s[lt xf] . @)!% ;fndf wflbª lhNnfsf] uh'/Ldf hGd]sL ?s' sfsL{ ax'd'vL ;flxTosf/ x'g\ . pgn] sljtf, uLt, pkGof;, afnsyf, afnuLt, afn sljtf, afn pkGof; tyf ofqf ;+:d/0fsf cg]s s[ltx¿ l;h{gf ul/;s]sL 5g\ eg] s]xL s[ltx¿ k|sfzf]Gd'v /x]sf] hfgsf/L klg kfOG5 . …;flxTo n]vg, ;fdflhs ;]jf / PsfGt k|]d d]/f] ?lrsf] ljifo xf]Ú -$!_ egL pgn] lbPsf] :ki6Ls/0f x]bf{ pgsf] ?lrsf d'Vo ljifo ;flxTo n]vg, ;fdflhs ;]jf / PsfGt k|]d b]lvG5g\ .

@)%( ;fndf …?s' sfsL{sf sljtfx¿Ú zLif{sdf pgsf sljtf–/rgfx¿sf] klxnf] k':tsfsf/ s[lt k|sflzt eof] . To;kl5 lg/Gt/ ¿kdf pgLåf/f /lrt s[ltx¿ k|sflzt x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ . uPsf !@ jif{x¿df pgsf !# j6f lstfax¿sf] k|sfzg

ePsf] 5 . ;flxTodf of]ubfg lbPafkt pgL sl/a ! bh{g k'/:sf/–;Ddfgx¿af6 k'/:s[t tyf ;Ddflgt eO;s]sL 5g\ .

k|:t't s[ltdfly e"ldsf n]Vg] 8f= tf/fgfy zdf{sf cg';f/ of] cd]l/sfsf] HjnGt lrqnfO{ n]lvsfs} e|d0f / cg'ejsf cfwf/df k|:t't ul/Psf] lstfa xf] . 8f= tf/fgfy zdf{ cd]l/sfaf6} ljBfjfl/lw u/]sf JolSt x'g\ . pgn] cd]l/sL z}lIfs ;+:yfdf kGw| jif{;Dd k|fWofkg klg u/] . cfˆgf 5f]/fx¿ pt} ePsfn] pgL clxn] klg a]nf a]nfdf cd]l/sf uO/xG5g\ . To;}n] cd]l/sfsf afXo tyf cfGtl/s oyfy{x¿;Fu pgL /fd|/L kl/lrt JolSt x'g\ . pgn] ?s' sfsL{sf] o; s[ltnfO{ …;fFrf] g]kfnL cfTdf dgdf]xs z}nLdf :ki6tfsf ;fy k|s6 ePsf] s[ltÚ sf ¿kdf d"Nofª\sg u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

n]lvsf ?s' sfsL{n] …s]xL n]v]F ls <Ú zLif{ssf] cfTdf]lStdf eg]sL 5g\—

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æd}n] cd]l/sfsf] ofqfsf qmddf b]v], ef]u], ;'g]sf b[Zo Pj+ 36gfnfO{ ;+:d/0fsf] ¿k lbg] k|oTg u/]sL 5' .===;fu/df hfg] s;}n] klg l;ª\uf] ;fu/ af]s]/ Nofpg ;Sb}g .Æ o;f] eg]/ n]lvsfn] cfˆgf] s[ltsf] ;LdfnfO{ ;'?d} :ki6 ug]{ k|oTg u/]sL 5g\ . o:tf] ;ts{tf ;flxTosf/sf nflu h?/L g} x'G5 . of] pgsf] ljgd|tf klg xf] . yf]/} ;ª\Vofdf clt ;fdfGo /rgf u/] klg cxª\sf/n] pQfplnP/ s]xL s]xL ;|i6fx¿ æd}n] ;a} / ;jf{ª\u ;'Gb/ n]v]sf] 5'Æ eGg] bDe ug{ klg kl5 kb}{gg\ . o:tf] k|j[lQ a9]sf] b]lvg] cfhsf] ;dodf cfkm"nfO{ ljgd| k|ltefsf ¿kdf k]; ug'{ ;flxTosf/ ?s'sf] k|z+;gLo kIf xf] . k|:t't s[ltdf log} ljgd| n]lvsf ?s' sfsL{åf/f /lrt s[lt k…/Lx¿sf] b]zdfÚ dfly ;fdfGo rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 .

…k/Lx¿sf] b]zdfÚ ofqf ;+:d/0fx¿sf] ;ª\u|x xf] . e"ldsf, cfTd syg / ljifo ;"rLsf * k[i7afx]ssf !!( k[i7x¿df of] s[lt tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . o;df ljleGg zLif{ssf !* j6f ;+:d/0fx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . ;a} ;+:d/0fx¿ g]kfnb]lv cd]l/sf;Ddsf] ofqf / cd]l/sfdf ljleGg ;dodf a:bf b]v]sf b[Zo, ;'g]sf s'/f / ef]Ubfsf cg'e"ltnfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf]

5 . s[ltsf] gfd o;} s[ltleqsf] …k/Lx¿sf] b]zÚ zLif{ssf] Pp6f n]vaf6 ul/Psf] 5 t/ gfds/0f / s[ltsf] j:t'tflar d]n eg] sd} 5 . cd]l/sfnfO{ k/Lx¿sf] b]z eg] klg n]lvsfn] …k/LÚ eg]/ cd]l/sfsf gf/Lx¿sf] eGbf a9L k|z+;f sf]l/ofnL s]6Lx¿sf] u/]sf] kfOG5 . sf]l/og o'jtLx¿sf] ;f}Gbo{df …k/Lx¿Ú b]Vg] n]lvsfn] cd]l/sfnfO{ k/Lx¿sf] b]z lsg elgg\ xf]nf < eGg] lh1f;f of] s[lt kl9;s]kl5 kf7ssf] dgdf klg p7\5 . oyfy{df o; s[ltn] cd]l/sfsf gf/Lx¿sf] eGbf a9L ToxfFsf] ef}lts ljsf;, :jR5tf, Oltxf;sf] ;+/If0f, ;b\Jojxf/, k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{, dfG5]sf] ;Eo Jojxf/, 5l/tf] / Gofok"0f{ k|zf;g cflbsf] rrf{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . To;}n] klg o; s[ltsf] gfd k/Lx¿sf] b]zdf /fVg' cln cldNbf] nfU5 t/ oL ;+:d/0fsL n]lvsfnfO{ cd]l/sfsf o'jtLx¿ a9L g} /fd|f nfu]sfn] pgn] o:tf] gfds/0f u/]sL x'gg\ eGg] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . cyjf s];Dd eGg ;lsPnf eg] cd]l/sf /fd|f /fd|f / ;f}Gbo{k"0f{ s'/fx¿sf] b]z nfu]sfn] To; ;f}Gbo{sf] k|tLssf ¿kdf n]lvsfn] o:tf] gfds/0f u/]sf] x'g ;S5 .

…k/Lx¿sf] b]zdfÚ lgofqf ;ª\u|xsf

180 ÷ 12

n]vx¿df k|o'St efiff ;/n, ;xh / af]Wo lsl;dsf] ePsfn] kf7snfO{ k9\g ;xh nfU5 . sltko cleJolStdf nflnTodo efiffsf] k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 h;n] sljtfTds cg'e"lt lbG5 . z}nL j0f{gfTds, :d[ltk/s / JofVofTds :j¿ksf] 5 . pNn]vgLo kIf s] b]lvG5 eg] cd]l/sfsf b[Zo, ToxfFsf dfG5], ToxfFsf] ljsf; / Jojxf/af6 ljz]if ¿kdf k|efljt x'gf;fy n]lvsf To;sf] k|z+;fdf cfkm";Fu ePsf kb, kbfjnL / jfSosf] ;s];Dd pRr k|of]u ul5{g\ clg tTIf0f g} g]kfnlt/ kmsL{ g]kfn, g]kfnL hLjg / g]kfnL cj:yfsf af/]df l6Kk0fL, b'v];f] / sfdgf ul5{g\ . cd]l/sfsf] k|z+;fdf xf]ldFb} kmsL{ kmsL{ g]kfn x]g]{ / u'gf;f] JoSt ug]{ k|j[lQ pgsf] ljz]if z}nL ag]/ b]vf k/]sf] 5 . cd]l/sfsf] jg ;+/If0f x]¥of], dVv k¥of] / g]kfndf To:tf] x'g g;s]sf] ;Dem]/ Joyf JoSt u¥of] . cd]l/sfsf] s'g} o'4 ;DaGwL ;Gbe{ ;'Gof], To;sf s]xL emns x]¥of] clg g]kfndf lx+;f ug{ tD;]sfx¿sf] :d/0f u/L Joyf JoSt u¥of] . cd]l/sfdf b]lvg] ;/;kmfOsf] eJotf / ;'lsnf]kg b]Vof], g]kfnsf] kmf]x/ / c;Eotfsf] ;+:d/0f u/L Joyf JoSt

u¥of] . cd]l/sfsf] Jojl:yt / k|b"if0f/lxt ;x/Ls/0f b]Vof] / bª\u k¥of] clg sf7df8f}F / cGo ;x/sf] k|b"lift jftfj/0f / cJojl:yt ;x/Ls/0f ;Dem]/ Joyf JoSt u¥of] . cd]l/sfsf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] zfnLg, ;Eo / Odfgbf/ sfo{z}nL tyf nugzLntf b]v]/ bª\u u¥of] clg g]kfnsf a]Odfg, c;Eo / hgtfnfO{ b'v lbO{ e|i6frf/ ul//xg] sd{rf/L tGq ;Dem]/ Joyf JoSt u¥of] . o;/L kmsL{ kmsL{ g]kfnlt/ cfpg] z}nLn] pgsf] ;f}Gbo{ tyf ljsf;k|ltsf] nfn;f / b]zk|ltsf] ;+j]bgzLntfnfO{ cleJol~ht ul//xG5 .

s'g} s'g} cleJolStdf n]vssf] x[bo lgrf]l/P/ k|s6 ePsf] kfOG5 . To:tf cleJolStx¿df cfˆgf] b]zsf] b'u{lt b]v]/ Jolyt ePsL n]lvsfsf] dd{ k|s6 ePsf] 5 . …sf7df8f}Fb]lv sf]l/of;DdÚ zLif{ssf] ;+:d/0fdf pgL n]lV5g\— …g]kfnLsf] efUodf csf{s} u'0fufg ufpg' dfq} 5 ls Sof xf] <Ú -k[= ##_ . oxfF cfˆgf] b]z ljsl;t x'g g;s]sf] kL8faf]w 5 . em6\6 x]bf{ of] cleJolSt j}olSts u'gf;f] h:tf] nfU5 t/ oyfy{df of] ;+j]bgzLng g]kfnLx¿sf] dgsf] j]bgf g} xf] . s'g} s'/fsf] aofg ub}{ hfFbf ha ha o:tf

180 ÷ 13

;Gbe{ cfpF5g\ ta ta n]vsleqsf] b]zelSt k|s6 eOxfN5 . pgL ;'?df u'gf;f] JoSt ul5{g\ / u'gf;f]kl5 nuQ} b]znfO{ agfpg kfP x'GYof] eGg] efjgf JoSt ug{ k'lU5g\ . o:tf cleJolStdf pgLleqsf] b]zk|ltsf] dfof pn]{/ cfpF5 . …p:t} x'g\ hGd / d[To'Ú zLif{ssf] ;+:d/0fdf pgL n]lV5g\— …w'nf] g} eP klg g]kfnsf] Gof;|f] nflu/Xof] dnfO{ t . afv|fnfO{ cfˆg} vf]/ Kof/f], xf]Og t <Ú -k[= $^_ . o;} u/L …k|jf;df kj{Ú zLif{ssf] ;+:d/0fdf n]lV5g\— …dnfO{ cfˆg} b]zsf] dfof nfU5 . cfˆg} b]zsf] pGglt k|ult x]/]/ dg{ kfP x'GYof] eGg] nfU5Ú -k[= %*_ .

n]lvsfdf g]kfnLn] cfˆgf] b]z agfpg 5f8]/ ljb]zLsf] bf;tf lng ljZjel/ 5l/P/ a:g'k/]sf] l:yltk|lt c;Gt'li6 b]lvG5 . o:tf c;Gt'li6sf] cleJolSt lbFb} ubf{ klg pgL b]zelStsf efjgf JoSt ul/xflN5g\ . o;} lgofqfdf pgL n]lV5g\— …lbSs nfU5 sf};Ldf k/]jfnfO{ ds} ˆofFs] em}F lsg g]kfnLn] o;/L 5l/P/ hLjg ofkg ug'{kg]{ lbP cfPsf] xf]nf < l5MÚ -^)_ . cfh g]kfnL o'jfzlStsf] 7'nf] c+z b]zaf6 ljb]zlt/ knfog eO/x]sf] 5 . o; cj:yfk|lt nlIot ub}{ of] /rgf tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 h;df

n]lvsfsf] b]zk|]d v'n]/ k|s6 ePsf] 5 . cfˆgf] b]z /fd|f] / ljsl;t ePsf] x]g]{ tLj| OR5f lnP/ ljb]zlt/ ofqf u/]sL n]lvsf ljsl;t b]zsf dflg;sf] kl/>d, l;k, snf, Odfg / b]z tyf cfˆgf] sfdk|lt pgLx¿sf] nug b]v]/ nf]leO/xlG5g\ . cfˆgf] b]z klg To:t} ljsl;t eOlbP x'GYof] / g]kfnsf dflg;x¿ klg pgLx¿ h:t} nugzLn, TofuL / Odfgbf/ eOlbP x'GYof] eGg] rfxgf af/Daf/ JoSt ul5{g\ . …:d[ltdf aflN6df]/Ú zLif{ssf] n]vdf pgL o;} rfxgfnfO{ o;/L JoSt ul5{g\— æ/fi6« agfpgsf nflu g]t[Tj ju{ / hgtfdf ;ª\sNk / ;lqmotfsf] vfFrf] k5{ .===s'g} klg /fi6« hgtfsf] k|lta4tf, Tofu, tk:of / alnbfgljgf aGb}g . ljsl;t b]zsf k|To]s gful/sx¿df b]znfO{ agfpg] pbf/ b]zelStsf] efjgf x'G5Æ -k[= *!_ . oxfFlg/ n]lvsf g]kfnL gful/sx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] bfloTj atfpg] k|of; ul//x]sL b]lvlG5g\ .

lgofqfsf/ ?s' sfsL{ ;dfh ;r]t n]lvsf x'g\ . ;dfh / rl/qdf b]vf k/]sf ljs[ltk|lt pgsf] cfnf]rs b[li6 k'u]sf] 5 . hxfF hxfF pgL o:tf s'/f b]lV5g\ ToxfF ToxfFsf] j0f{g ubf{ pgLleqsf] Joª\Uo r]tgf k|s6 x'G5 . o:tf cleJolStdf ;fdflhs

180 ÷ 14

ljs[lt tyf JolStsf rfl/lqs b'a{ntfk|lt af/Daf/ Joª\Uo ul/Psf] 5 .

lgofqfsf/ ?s' sfsL{ slj klg x'g\ . To;}n] pgsf sltko /rgfdf cleJolStsf] sljtfTds pkl:ylt kfOG5 . Ps lsl;dn] cfTdk/s ;+:d/0f n]v] em}F / sljtfsf s]xL kª\lSt tof/ kf/] em}F u/L pgn] nflnTodo efiffdf ;+:d/0ffTds cleJolSt lbPsL 5g\ . k|s[ltsf b[Zo xf]pmg\ jf dfgj lgld{t k|s[lt / cGo lgdf{0fx¿ xf]pmg\, ltgsf] eJotfaf6 rdTs[t ePsL n]lvsf oxfF af/Daf/ k|s6 x'lG5g\ . pgdf dfgjLo ;+j]bgf rsf]{ 5 . clnslt df}sf kfpgf;fy cTofrf/df k/]sf lg/Lx g]kfnL dlxnf / anfTs[t r]nLa]6L cflbsf] ;Demgf ub}{ Jolyt alG5g\ / To:tf pTkLl8tsf kIfdf cfafh p7fpFl5g\ .

g]kfndf cy{ Joj:yf, Gofo Joj:yf, k'/ftg ;+:sf/, ;fdGtL ;dfh Joj:yf / ul/aLsf af/]df af]Nb} tyf pTkLl8t ju{k|ltsf] ;xfg'e"lt k|s6 ub}{ n]lvsfn] dfgjtfjfbL ;+j]bgfnfO{ JoSt u/]sL 5g\ . r]nLa]6L a]rlavg, hUuf hldgsf] cefjdf lklN;Psf >dhLjL, /ftlbg sfd ubf{ klg vfg gk'u]/ ef]s}

;'Tg afWo ;j{xf/f dhb'/ cflbsf b'v;Fu n]lvsf kl/lrt b]lvlG5g\ . g]kfnLn] ljb]zLsf] gf]s/ aGg hfg kfpFbf uj{ ug]{ lsl;dsf] kl/l:ylt l;h{gf ePsf]df pgL b'v JoSt ul//xlG5g\ . o; qmddf cd]l/sflt/ hfg] / pt} gful/stf lnP/ a:g] o'jfx¿sf sf/0f eljiodf pgLx¿ / g]kfnsf ;DalGwt cfkmGtsf lardf ljb]zd} gful/stf lnP/ a:g] o'jfx¿sf] larsf] ;DaGw k'/} 6'6\g] t xf]Og < eGg] lk/ klg n]lvsfnfO{ 5 . cd]l/sflt/ hGd]/ ToxfFs} efiffdf dfq lzlIft ag]sf gofF k':tfn] g]kfnL lal;{;s]sf] b]lvG5 . g]kfnLx¿l;t g]kfnL efiff af]Ng ghfGg] ;Gtfgx¿l;t g]kfnsf cfkmGtsf] ;DaGw s:tf] x'g] < cyjf g]kfnL x'g'sf] pgLx¿sf] hftLo cl:tTjl;tsf] ;DaGw s] x'g] < o:tf ljifo klg n]lvsfn] k|Zg p7fOPsf] kfOG5 . of] s'/f ljdz{ ug'{kg]{ s'/f xf] lsgeg] eljiodf pt} a;]sf g]kfnLx¿n] g]kfnL efiff g} a'‰g g;Sg] lbg cfpg klg a]/ 5}g .

o;} u/L n]lvsf df}sf ldNgf;fy g]kfnLx¿sf] df}lns klxrfgsf nflu ;+j]bgzLn alg/xlG5g\ . cd]l/sfdf uPkl5 g]kfnLx¿nfO{ g]kfnsf] / cfkm" g]kfnL x'g'sf] cl:tTjk|lt ?lr x'Fbf] /x]5 . ToxfF pgLx¿nfO{ lghL

180 ÷ 15

klxrfgsf] cfjZostfaf]w emg\ a9L x'Fbf] /x]5 . n]lvsfn] of] s'/f a'em]sLn] g} xf]nf, pgL o:tf s'/fnfO{ af/Daf/ k|s6 ul/xlG5g\ . ;fob pt} a;f]af; ug{ yfn]sf g]kfnLx¿n] g]kfnLsf] cl:tTj /Iffsf nflu klg sfd ug{ yfn]sf x'g'k5{ eGg] pgnfO{ nfU5 . of] s'/f pgn] pbfx/0f;lxt atfPsL 5g\ . g]kfnLsf] hftLo klxrfgsf nflu Totfsf g]kfnL ;flxTosf/x¿sf] e"ldsf dxTTjk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 eGg] a'emfO klg pgsf] 5 . cGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh tyf o:tf cGo ;+:yfx¿sf dfWodn] Tot} gful/stf lnP/ a;]sf g]kfnLx¿ cfˆgf] klxrfg hf]ufO/fVg ?lrsf ;fy nflu/x]sf 5g\ eGg] ;"rgf klg o; s[ltdf lbOPsf] 5 . ltlyldlt;lxt lbOPsf o:tf hfgsf/Ln] oxfFsf cleJolStnfO{ ;Tosf] glhs k'¥ofPsf 5g\ . o;sf nflu n]lvsfn] cfkm" uPsf 7fpFsf P]ltxfl;s kIfx¿sf af/]df ;s];Dd a9L hfgsf/L lnP/ cleJolSt lbg] k|oTg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o:tf cleJolStdf ;Tosf] dfqf a9L 5 . oL /fd|f cleJolSt g} x'g\ tyflk ;Tosf b[li6n] x]bf{ sltko cleJolStdf efj'stfsf] dfqf s]xL a9L b]lvG5 . efj'stf a9L b]lvg] cleJolStdf

lgofqfsf/ n]lvsfdfly sjloqL ?s' sfsL{sf] x:tIf]k k/]sf] b]Vg ;lsG5 . oxL slj–x:tIf]ksf sf/0f To:tf vfnsf cleJolStsf] efiff sljtfTds k|s[ltsf] aGg k'u]sf] 5 .

n]lvsfs} efiffdf eGbf n]lvsf ?s' sfsL{nfO{ cd]l/sf :ju{ h:tf] ;'Gb/ /fi6« nfu]sf] 5 . To;}n] pgL cd]l/sfnfO{ ;kgfsf] b]zsf ¿kdf JofVof ul5{g\ . cd]l/sfn] u/]sf] ef}lts ljsf;n] pgL rdTs[t ePsL 5g\ . cd]l/sfsf] ;'/lIft / eJo k|s[ltaf6 pgL df]lxt ag]sL 5g\ . cd]l/sfn] u/]sf] of]hgfa4 Joj:yfkg, Odfgbf/Lsf] kfngfdf hf]8, cg'zf;gdf hf]8, cfˆgf] klxrfg ljZjJofkL kfg{sf nflu u/]sf cb\e't sfo{x¿, /fli6«o ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0fdf u/]sf sfdx¿ cflbaf6 pgL cToGt k|efljt l5g\ . To;} k|efjsf sf/0f pgL …dfG5]n] u/]df s] x'g ;Sb}g < u/]/ gx'g] s] 5 / < g]kfn t gu/]/} kl5 k/]sf] xf]Ú eGg] wf/0f JoSt ul5{g\ . …elh{lgofb]lv ;]G6 n'O;;DdÚ zLif{ssf] lgofqfdf o;} s'/fnfO{ pgL o;/L JoSt ul5{g\— …cflv/ agfPkl5 aGg] /x]5 lg b]z klg, dfG5] klg cyjf s'g} lgdf{0f klgÚ -k[= !))_ . o:tf wf/0ff JoSt ul//xFbf g]kfnn] of]Uo /fhg]tf gkfPsf] cg'e"lt / u'gf;f]

180 ÷ 16

klg k|s6 ub}{ g]kfnsf nflu of]Uo g]t[Tjsf] cfjZostf /x]sf] ljrf/ cl3 ;fl5{g\ . pgsf] cleJolStdf af/Daf/ b]zsf] lrGtf 5 . g]kfn /fi6« ljsl;t alglbP x'GYof] eGg] rfxgf 5 .

t/ cd]l/sfsf] 3f]/ k|z+;fdf zAb vr{ ul//xFbf pgL a9L efj's klg x'lG5g\ . efj'stfs} sf/0f sltko cleJolSt lj/f]wfef;L ag]sf 5g\ eg] s]xL s'/f cfnf]Ro klg ag]sf 5g\ . cd]l/sL k|s[lt ;f}Gbo{af6 cfkm" cfglGbt ePsf] s'/f atfpg] qmddf Ps 7fpF elG5g\— æTof] cnf}lss k|fs[lts em/gfsf] ;'vfg'e"lt a6'ln/x]F .Æ pgsf] of] cleJolSt cj}1flgs 5 . em/gf jf k[YjL cnf}lss s;/L x'g ;S5 . cfˆg} cfFvfcufl8sf] s'/f klg cnf}lss s;/L x'g ;S5 < em/gf t emg\ ;Dk"0f{ ¿kdf nf}lss g} x'G5 . ;fob n]lvsf pSt cleJolStsf dfWodaf6 cfkm"n] To; em/gfnfO{ b]Vbf of] eGbf klxn] Tolt ;'Gb/ b[Zo slxNo} b]Vg gkfPsf] / cfh kfPsf] x'Fbf w]/} g} a9L cfgGb kfPsf] cg'e"lt ;f6\g rflxlG5g\ .

o;/L efjgfdf au]/ kf]lvFbf ;Tosf] cleJolSt lbG5' eGg] n]vs slxn]sfxLF oyfy{eGbf k/ k'Ug]

vt/f x'G5 . n]lvsf ?s' sfsL{ klg Psfw 7fpFsf] j0f{g ubf{ o:t} s'/fsf] l;sf/ ePsL 5g\ . …k/Lx¿sf] b]zdfÚ zLif{ssf] lgofqfdf Ps 7fpF cd]l/sfaf/] pgL o:tf] n]lV5g\— …g rf]/L, g u'G8fubL{, g dfG5] ckx/0f, g dlxnfsf] cl:dtfx/0f .Ú s] ;fFRr} cd]l/sf Tolt zfGt, Tolt ;fw', Tolt rl/qjfg\ / Tolt cfbz{ b]z xf] < s] cd]l/sf s'g} klg sdhf]/L gePsf] b]z xf] < o;/L cd]l/sfnfO{ s'g} klg sdhf]/L gePsf] b]zsf ¿kdf JofVof ubf{ ToxfF x'g] u/]sf lx+;f, sIffsf]7f / :s'ndf ljBfyL{x¿n] uf]nL rnfP/ bh{gf}F ;fyLsf] xTof ul//xg] 36gfx¿, sfnf JolStx¿k|lt ul/g] lje]b, /ª\ue]b, a]nf a]nfdf x'g] n'6kf6 / anfTsf/, c;dod} x'g] ue{wf/0f / cg}lts tyf u}/sfg'gL ¿kdf u/fOg] ue{ktg cflbnfO{ la;{g ;lsGg . To:t} cfˆgf] b]zdf zflGt sfod u/fpg k|oTg ug]{ cd]l/sfn] c¿ b]zdfly u/]sf] u'G8fubL{ / x:tIf]knfO{ klg la;{g ldNb}g . o;} u/L ljZjnfO{ ;a}eGbf a9L xft xltof/ pknAw u/fpg] b]z klg cd]l/sf xf] h;sf cfwf/df lx+;f emg\ emg\ km}ng ;s]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ klg la;{g ;lsGg . c;n slj / ;Rrf n]vs ;+j]bgzLn,

180 ÷ 17

ljZj dfgjtfjfbL / Gofolk|o ;r]t JolSt ePsfn] pgLx¿n] cd]l/sfsf] d"Nofª\sg ubf{ o:tf s'/fnfO{ culf8 /fv]/ dfq ug'{ plrt x'G5 . .

Psflt/ n]lvsf cd]l/sfsf] k|z+;fdf o;/L efj's cleJolSt lbFb} cd]l/sfnfO{ k[YjLsf] :ju{ xf] eg]/ JofVof ul5{g\ eg] csf{lt/ pgL n]lV5g\\— …ToxfF 8n/ 5 t/ hLjg Tolt 5}g .===o'jfsf] k|]d ug{] ;do 5}g, k|f}9sf] ukm u/]/ a:g] ;fyL 5}g . j[4j[4fsf] s'/f ;'Gg] JolSt ToxfF 5}gg\Ú -dft[e"ldsf] ;Demgf, (#_ . oxfF ljrf/0fLo s'/f s] xf] eg] hxfF …hLjg g} 5}gÚ Tof] 7fpF s;/L :ju{ h:tf] ;'Gb/ x'g ;S5 <

o; k|sf/ w]/} k|z+;f ug{ nfos / s]xL ;'wfg{ ;lsg] kIfx¿ eP klg ;f/e"t ¿kdf o; s[ltn] kf7ssf] dgdf ;sf/fTds cg'e"lt g} pTkGg u5{ . of] s[lt k9]kl5 cd]l/sf hfg gkfPsfx¿nfO{ hfg dg nfU5 . efjsdf ToxfFsf] ef}lts ljsf; / pbf/ nf]stGqk|ltsf] lh1f;f a9]/ cfpF5 . ToxfFsf ;Eo dfG5]k|ltsf] lh1f;f klg a9\5 eg] g]kfnsf] ljsf; /fd|/L xg g;]ssf]df p;nfO{ ysys klg nflu/xG5 . Ps dgn] g]kfnsf] g]t[Tj ul//x]sfk|lt 3[0ff klg hfU5 . of] g} o; s[ltsf] zlSt xf] . n]vs ?s' sfsL{sf]

;kmntf klg oxL g} xf] .

lgisif{df eGbf ?s' sfsL{sf] lgofqf ;ª\u|x …k/Lx¿sf] b]zÚ n] b]zelStsf] efjnfO{ alnof];Fu ;dft]sf] 5 / ;Gb]z klg plQs} dfld{stfsf ;fy lbPsf] 5 . /fi6«elSt, cd]l/sfsf] k|z+;f, /St ;DaGwsf] dxTTj, b]z ljsf;sf] tLj| rfxgf, dfgjtf cflb o; s[ltsf ljz]if sYo x'g\ . of] s[lt ofqf ;+:d/0f t xf] g} t/ Tolt dfq xf]Og . dfG5] dfG5]sf lardf /x]sf] /utsf] gftf / To;sf] dxTTj atfpg] s[lt klg of] xf] . o;n] /utsf] ;fOgf] ePsf kl/jf/sf ;b:olarsf] cfTdLotfnfO{ ;Daf]wg u5 eg] kl/jf/sf] k|uf9 k]|dsf] pb\3f6g klg u5{ . o;df dft[Tjsf] ddtf klg plQs} 5 eg] cfdfafk|lt ;Gtfgsf] cfb/ / st{Joaf]w klg b]lvG5 . o;n] cd]l/sfdf /x]sf 5f]/f a'xf/LnfO{ cK7]/f] k/]sf] ;dodf uP/ ;3fpg] g]kfnL cfdfx¿sf] syf klg eG5 . a'xf/L ;'Ts]/L x'Fbf x]/rfx ug{sf nflu cd]l/sf hfg] g]kfnL cfdfx¿sf] dg / dfof klg o;n] b]vfpF5 . o;n] kf7snfO{ cd]l/sf nufot aflx/L b]z / ;+;f/k|lt lh1f;', hLjgk|lt ;+j]bgzLn, /fi6«k|lt ;r]t x'g efj lj:tf/ u5{ . Pp6} jfSodf eGbf of] k':ts rdTs[t cfFvf / b]zeSt dgsf] ofqf ;+:d/0ffTds s[lt xf] .

180 ÷ 18

sf] xf] Tof] pFef] nfu]/ xf]Og

pFwf] em/]/ r'nL e]6\5' eG5 Û Û

g af6f] vG5

g k'5{ vfN8f]

g ;dy/ agfpF5

le/fnf] hldg a:gnfos

g l;Fuf5{ km'naf/L

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vf]:5 c¿sf] lkF8fn' / cfn'

n8fpF5 c¿nfO{

a:5 ToxLF

d ;]js x'F eG5 Û Û

kf5{ kmf]x/sf] 8ª\u'/

xfN5 l;/fgL

d rf]vf] eG5 Û Û

lu/L lu/L k'Uof] kftfndf

5 :ju{sf] wf]sf] 5 eG5 Û Û

gLr, gLrtfsf] clt lgrf] agL

l55{ ;'Fu'/s} 6fªd'lg

d x'F >]i7 eG5 Û Û

d tf5'{ ;f/fsg

kf/ nufpF5'

t5'{ cfkm" ;fu/ u+uf eG5

rf]laN6fd} 8'aL d5{ Û Û

nufpF5 sfnf] df];f] cQ/ egL

:jod\ a9\gdf kf]tL lxnf] z/L/e/

g w'G5 nFuf}6L hLjge/

;j{;'Gb/ d x'F eG5 Û Û

3:5 v/fgL ;fw' agL

af]sL 5'/f cGt/df

/fvL ljifsf] y}nL

nufOlbG5' dGt/sf] hGt/ eG5 Û Û

/dfpF5 /St /Stdf b'lgofFsf]

afF8L vfG5 eujt\ k'qx¿sf]

6'qmf 6'qmf df;'

lu/ v]N5 c¿sf] v';Ldf

5f]8\5 cfˆg} c6\6xf;

d x'F dxfg\ eG5 Û Û

d x'F dxfg\ eG5 Û Û

rGb|k'/ @, u}8f6f/, /f}tx6

d x'F dxfg\ eSt hgs b'nfn

sljtf

180 ÷ 19

;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|rf/ tyf k|;f/ x'g] lj1fkgsf] efiff k|of]usf af/]df, clg To;} dfWodaf6 k|;fl/t gf6s, ¿ks, cGt/ ;+jfbdf k|of]u ePsf efiff ;'Gbf / b]Vbf d]/f] d'6' glrdf]6]sf] If0f ;fob dnfO{ ofb 5}g . olt dfq geO{ k]6Lsf leQf, cfsfz] k'nsf bfofFafofF clg 7'nf] kbf{ / ;fgf] kbf{df g]kfnL efiffdf n]lvP/ k|rf/ k|;f/ ePsf lj1fkgx¿sf efiffut / Jofs/0fut cz'l4n] klg dnfO{ TolQ g} lrdf]6]sf] x'G5 . cfkm"nfO{ w}o{ lbFb} æg]kfnL lj1x¿n] hfFr]/ / 5fg]/ k|sflzt u/]sf]df d}n] lsg 6fpsf] b'vfpg]Æ eGb5' . t/ cfkm" klg g]kfnL efiff ;flxTo;Fu ;Da4 JolQm ePsf] gftfn] To;nfO{ a]jf:tf ug{ ;lSbgF . t/ To;df d ug{ g} s] ;S5' / lrQ b'Mvfpg'afx]s Û t/ Tof] cz'4 lrhn] dnfO{ lrdf]6\g eg] 5f]8\b}g . Pp6f To:tf] b[Zo b]v]/ To;}af/] s'/f v]nfpFb} s]xL sbd rfNb} ubf{ csf]{ Tof]eGbf v/fa lj1fkg -efiffut ¿kn]_ df d]/f] cfFvf 7f]lSsg k'U5 . æsflGtk'/Æ

b}lgs g]kfnL efiffdf Ps} k6s w]/} 7fpFaf6 k|sflzt x'g] pRr :t/Lo klqsf xf] . To:t} æuf]/vfkqÆ b}lgs ;a}eGbf a'9f] klqsf / æsflGtk'/Æ b}lgs sfG5f] eP/ klg g]kfnL jfª\dosf] ljsf;df logn] lg/Gt/tf lb+b} cfPsf 5g\ . oL klqsf g]kfnL efiffsf] ljlzi6 b}lgs ;dfrf/ kq x'g'sf ;fy} ljz]iffÍx¿sf] d"NofÍg u/]/ x]bf{ lognfO{ ;flxlTos klqsfsf] :yfgdf /fVg ;lsG5 . o:tf dxTTjk"0f{ ljz]iftfx¿ sfFwdf af]s]sf eP/ klg oL klqsfx¿n] efiffut z'l4df Wofg glbg' l7s xf]nf t < z'4 efiffsf] k|of]u htftt} x'g' lgtfGt cfjZos 5 . o:tf] ;+j]bgzLn ljifodf lsg s;}sf] klg Wofg guPsf] xf]nf <

oxfF t ;a}nfO{ cfˆg} dfq WofpGg 5 . xfd|f] b]z g]kfndf ;a} d} x'F eGg] dkfO{+x¿ w]/} 5g\ . k|foM oftfoftsf ;fwgdf dfG5]n] u/]sf] ukm Wofg lbP/ ;'Gg] d]/f] afgL 5 . ukm ;'Gg dnfO{ /dfOnf] nfU5 . ukm klg Pp6f snf g} xf] . ukm ug]{ klg

ljsNksf] vf]hL/~h'>L k/fh'nL

lghfTds n]v

180 ÷ 20

Ifdtf x'g'k5{ . k|foM 6]Dkf] r9\g] x'gfn] To;df bz of af/ hgf dfq ofq' x'g] x'gfn] uGtJodf k'Ug klg Tolt w]/} ;do nfUb}g . cfˆgf] cf]n{g] 7fpF gcfpGh]n;Dd d cfFvf lrDn]/ c¿sf] s'/f ;'Gb5' . To:tf s'/f ;'Gbf tL s'/f ug]{ dfG5] Hofb} ljåfg\, b]z xfFSg l;kfn', b]z ljsf;sf] gLlt / lgod pgLx¿s} lbdfudf dfq ePsf] h:tf] ukm xfFSb5g\ . clg nfU5, leqleq} xfd|f] b]z g]kfn ljåfg\x¿n] el/Psf] 5 . To:tf b]z xfFSg] ukm ug]{ ljåfg\nfO{ s] æhgtf dfq eGg'ÆÙ ltgnfO{ t ædGqLÆ, æk|wfgdGqLÆ h:tf] ;Daf]wg ug{ l7s x'G5 . tL ;a}nfO{ dGqLkb lbP x'G5 eGg] Joª\UofTds efj ddf pTkGg x'G5 . To:t}df 6]Dkf] ;8ssf] larsf] Ejfªdf 7f]lsPkl5 d cfFvf vf]Nb5' . d]/f] v'n]sf] cfFvf Pp6f g Pp6f cz'4 lj1fkgdf h'Wg k'U5 clg dgdg} d To:tf 6k6'{o\ofF a'l4hLlj / ljåfg\x¿n] el/Psf] d]/f] b]z g]kfnsf] /fi6«efiff g]kfnLsf] b'/j:yf b]v]/ lrQ b'MvfpF5' .

@)^% ;fnsf] r}q ;ft ut] z'qmaf/sf] sflGtk'/ b}lgsf] afn sf];]nL sf]lknfdf æcfxf u'l8ofÆ eGg] afn aflnsfsf] nflu Ps/fh ;'j]bLHo"sf] /rgf k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . cd]l/sfsf] Go'of]s{ ;x/df

!(%( df klxnf] rfl]6 k|bz{g ePsf] afla{8n krf; jif{ k'u]sf] atfpFb} pQm n]vn] ljleGg /fi6«sf cfcfˆg} vfn] s]6fs]6Ln] v]Ng] k'tnL ePsf] hfgsf/L /f]rs 9Ën] lrq;lxt k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . n]v Hofb} ;Gble{s, ;d;fdlos / 1fgjw{s 5 . @)^% r}q gf} ut] cfOtaf/sf] æsflGtk'/Æ b}lgssf] kf7s d~r k9]kl5 dnfO{ klg pQm n]vdf k|of]u ePsf] æu'l8ofÆ zAbk|lt s]xL n]Vg dg nfUof] . pQm kf7s k|ltlqmofdf k|1f k|lti7fgsf] zAbsf]zdf æu'l8ofÆ zAb gkfPkl5 cfkm" cNdlnPsf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . d klg cfkm" ;f]xL s'/fn] cNdlnPsf] 5' . uh]Gb|gfyHo" h:t} g]kfnL efiffdf k|of]u ePsf y'k|} ckl/lrt zAbx¿ b]v]/ / ;'g]/ d 3l/3l/ cNdlng] u/]sf] 5' . Pkm=Pdx¿df s0f{lk|o uLtx¿ aHb5g\ ;Fu} lhpg] ;Fu} dg]{ =========== eg]/ . lj1fkg aHb5 æ;fa'gsf] l6lsofÆ eg]/ clg æd'xf/Æ ælrklrkÆ cflb cglulGt lha|f]n] /fd|/L g;dfpg] / s0f{lk|o klg gnfUg] zAbx¿ rf}la;} 306f sfgdf 7]; nfUg k'lu/x]sf x'G5g\ . s] xfdL;Fu ælhpg]Æ sf] ;§f æafFRg]Æ cfˆg} 7]6 zAb 5}g / < æd'xf/Æ sf] ;§f cfˆg} æcg'xf/Æ zAb k|of]u u/] x'Fb}g . ælrklrkÆ zAbsf] cy{ s]

180 ÷ 21

xf] ;'Gb}df crDd nfUg] . To;sf] ;§f lrNnf] k|of]u u/] x'Gg / < æ;fa'gsf] l6lsofÆ sf] ;§f æn'ufw'g] ;fa'gÆ of æg'xfpg] ;fa'gÆ eg] x'Gg < cfˆgf] zAb 9's'6Ldf gePsf zAbx¿c¿ efiffaf6 k}Frf]sf] ¿kdf lng' /fd|f] xf] / lnP/ cfO/x]sf 5f}F klg . lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] b'|tultsf] ljsf;n] ubf{ g]kfnL efiffsf] zAb 9's'6Lsf] j[l4 ePsf] 5 . Tof] /fd|f] s'/f xf] t/ cfkm}F;Fu ePsf zAbx¿nfO{ cf]em]ndf /fv]/ c¿sf] k}Frf] lng' l7s xf]nf < o;sf] hjfkm efifflj1x¿n] kSsf klg lbg['x'g] 5 .

h];'s} s'\/fsf] klg cfˆgf] df}lnstf / lrgf/L x'G5 . xfdL g]kfnL xf}F . xfd|f] klg x/]s If]qdf cfˆgf] df}lnstf 5 . dnfO{ æg]kfnLÆ ePsf]df 7'nf] uf}/j 5 . d]/f nflu æhggL hGde"ldZr :juf{blk u/Lo;LÆ eGg] egfO dGq h:tf] 5 . cfw'lgstfsf] gfddf k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx, cd/l;+x, jL/ aneb|, elQm yfkf, c/lgsf], e[s'6L cflb t g]kfnsf] Oltxf;sf] kfgfdf cd/ 5Fb} 5g\ . b]zsf nflu k|f0f cfx'lt ug]{ cglulGt jL/ ;lxbx¿nfO{ klg d ;;Ddfg OHht ub{5' . pgLx¿sf] dxfgtf / TofunfO{ gtd:ts eP/ clejfbg ub{5' . ljrf/ u/]/ x]g]{ xf] eg] b]z ljsf;sf nflu k|To]s gful/ssf]

Pp6f g Pp6f of]ubfg /x]sf] kfOG5, o;sf] nflu dGqL of /fi6«klt g} x'g'k5{ eGg] 5}g . cfcfˆgf] zlQm / Ifdtfsf] sfo{ef/ cg'zf;gk"j{s k'/f u¥of] eg] To;n] cjZo klg b]z ljsf;df 6]jf k'¥ofpF5 . h;/L yf]kf yf]kf kfgLn] ;d'b|, dxf;fu/, gbL, gfnf aGb5g\ To:t} JolQm JolQmaf6 kl/jf/, ;dfh, /fi6« / ljZj ag]sf] 5 . pRr cf]xbfdf k'Ug]lalQs} d}dQ eP/ cfkm"eGbf tnsfnfO{ x]osf] efjn] x]g]{, bdg / zf]if0f ug]{ k|j[lQn] b]znfO{ 8'afpF5 . g]tf x'g'eGbf cufl8sf] cj:yfnfO{ g]tf e};s]kl5 la;{g'x'Gg . t/ xfd|f] b]zdf To:tf] 5}g ls h:tf] 5 . g]tf dfq geO{ g]tfsf gftfuf]tf cf;]kf;] ;d:t cfkm"nfO{ b]z xfFSg] JolQm ;lDFemb} cufl8 a9\b5g\ . o:tf] l:yltdf b]z s;/L cufl8 a9\nf <

ljZjdf hn;|f]tsf] bf];|f] wgL b]z g]kfndf lkpg] kfgLsf] xfxfsf/ 5 . rf}la; 306fdf ;f]/ 306f cFWof/f] 5 . xfdL afn aflnsfnfO{ eljiosf s0f{wf/ eGb5f}F t/ ltgLx¿n] k9\g] 3/ cfFug cWofF/f]df 8'a]sf] 5 . cWoog u/]/ h;f]t;f] k/LIffdf pkl:yt x'g} k¥of], To;sf nflu j}slNks phf{sf] vf]hL u/]/ sf]7f pHofnf] kf/]/ k9\g] k|of; ubf{ cfFvfsf] nflu kof{Kt k|sfzsf]

180 ÷ 22

cefjn] ubf{ eljiosf s0f{wf/ afn aflnsf slnn} pd]/df b[li6zlQm u'dfpg afWo ePsf 5g\ . 3/3/} r:d] kl/jf/ ag]sf 5g\ . afa'cfdf, 5f]/f5f]/L ;a} r:df nufpg afWo ePsf 5g\ . o:tf] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg s] < o;sf] lhDd]jf/L s;n] lnG5 < lkpg] kfgLsf] cefjdf t8\lkPsf g]kfnL hgtf hldg af]l/ª u/]/ s]xL dfqfdf kfgL t k|fKt ub{5g\ t/ To:tf] k|b"lift kfgL lkP/ /f]un] cfqmfGt ePsf 5g\ . To;sf] lhDd]jf/ sf] < o;sf] ;dfwfg s] <

Ps lbg sflGtk'/ b}lgs k9\b} ubf{ d]/f] Wofg æc:6«]lnofsf] /Tgkfs{Æ eGg] zLif{slt/ k'Uof] . ;fob Tof] @)^% r}q cf7 ut] zlgaf/sf] klqsf x'g'k5{, Tof] n]v gf/fo0f v8\sfsf] lyof] . c:6«]lnofdf clxn] ;q xhf/hlt g]kfnL /x]sf 5g\ /] eGg] ;'Ggdf cfPsf] 5 . ToxfFsf] l;8\gL ;x/sf] æ6fpg xnkfs{Æ nfO{ g]kfnLx¿n] c:6«]lnofsf] æ/Tgkfs{Æ eg]/ gfd lbPsf /x]5g\ hxfF k|fo g]kfnL e]6\g kfOG5 . To;}n] l;8\gL ;x/df s;}n] æ/Tgkfs{df e]6f}Fnf x}Æ eGof] eg] 6fpg xnsf] kfs{ eGg] a'‰g'kbf]{ /x]5 . c:6«]lnof k'u]sf g]kfnLn] 6fpg xnsf] kfs{nfO{ æ/Tgkfs{Æ eGg] gfd lbPsf] ;'Gbf dnfO{ v';L nfUof] .

h;n] ubf{ xfd|f] sf7df8f}Fsf] d'6'df /x]sf] /Tgkfs{af/] s]xL eGg klg dg nfUof] . s]xL jif{klxn] :yflkt kfs{ xf] of], /fhf dx]Gb|sf] kfnfdf . /fhf dx]Gb|sL /fgLsf] gfd /Tg xf] . ltg} /fgLsf] gfddf /fhfnfO{ v';L kfg{ :yfkgf ePsf] km'nsf] au}Frf of] xf] kfs{ . k~rfot sfndf pRr txdf k'u]sf pkNnf txsf sd{rf/Ln] /fhf, /fgL / ltgsf kl/jf/sf] :t'ltufg ub}{ ltgsf gfddf :s'n, sn]h, /Ëzfnf, af6f]3f6f], kfs{ cflb :yfkgf u/fP/ tSdf yfKg] k|rng lyof] . o:t} qmddf sf7df8f}Fsf] d'6'df /Tgkfs{sf] lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] . t/ klg ;x/sf] d'6'df /ËLrËL km'n km'n]sf, kfgLsf] em/gf v;]sf], 5ftf¿kL lj>fd rf}tf/L ePsf] /dfOnf] dg g} cfXnflbt kfg]{, ;8s k]6Ldf km'nsf] ;'uGw dudu cfpg] ;'Gb/ /Tgkfs{n] sf7df8f}F af;Lsf] uf}/j a9fPsf] klg lyof] . ;Fu}sf] ;'Gb/, :jR5 / dgf]x/ /fgL kf]v/Ln] ;'gdf ;'uGw eg] emF} ;'Gb/tf a9fPsf] lyof] . lqrGb| sn]hdf k'/fgf] cfdL{sf] 6f]kL nufP/, 5ftLdf cfkm"n] k|fKt u/]sf] tSdf em'G8\ofP/, xfndf aN5L ;dfP/ Pp6f k]G;njfnf nfx'/]¿kL 306f3/ -slj e"lksf] /rgf æ306f3/Æ sljtfsf] cfwf/df_ /fgL kf]v/Ldf aN5L xfn]/

180 ÷ 23

df5f dfb}{ u/]sf] b[Zon] To; ynf]sf] cfs{if0f pRr laGb'df k'¥ofPsf] lyof] .

b]zdf kl/jt{g cfof] . kl/jt{gn] ljsf; NofpF5 eGy] . g]tfx¿n] kl/jt{gåf/f b]znfO{ xl/ofnLsf] 3'D6f] cf]9fpF5' eg]sf lyP . kl/jt{gn] o'jfju{nfO{ ljb]z hfg kb}{g, :jb]zd} /f]huf/L lbP/ pkNnf] gful/s agfpF5' eg]sf] lyof] . kl/jt{gn] b]zdf gofF Oltxf; /Rb5' eg]sf] lyof] . To;}n] kl/jt{gn] k'/fgf] Oltxf;nfO{ tf]8kmf]8 u/]/ 6'qm\ofPsf] lyof] . kl/jt{gn] Oltxf;nfO{ Oltxf;s} OHhtdf ;+/If0f ug'{k5{ eGg] rflxF la;]{sf] lyof] . kl/jt{gn] af/Daf/ /Rg c;Dej Oltxf;nfO{ 9fn]/ lk7f] agfof] . t/ Tof] lk7f]n] gofF ¿ksf] l9F8f] t s], gofF vf]n] ;Dd ag]sf] gful/sn] b]Vg kfPg . vf]n] vfg kfpg] s'/f t slt k/ k'Uof] slt k/ . c:6«]lnofdf lbgfg'lbg /Tgkfs{ cd/ aGb} 5 . sf7df8f}Fsf] d'6'df kmn]km'n]sf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] ;'Gb/ au}Frf /Tgkfs{ phfl8Psf] 5 . lbgfg'lbg hL0f{, /f]uL, ljlIfKt / cl:tTjxLg alg/x]sf] 5 . xl/of af]6lj?jf, /d0fLo em/gf, /ËLrËL km'n / ltgsf] ;'uGwdo jftfj/0f ctLtsf] ue{df ljnLg ePsf 5g\ .

clxn] t /Tgkfs{ hL0f{ la?jfx¿sf] wd{zfnf ag]sf] 5 . clxn] t /Tgkfs{ a]/f]huf/ o'jfx¿sf] h'jf3/ ag]sf] 5 . clxn] t /Tgkfs{ gu/ aw"x¿sf] u|fxs k|tLIff :yn ag]sf] 5 clg clxn] t /Tgkfs{ b'Jo{;gL o'jfju{sf] nflu b'Jo{;g cf];f/k;f/ ug]{ cv8f ag]sf] 5 . oL s'/fx¿ d}n] s'g} a9fOr9fO{ / ;'g]sf] e/df of s'g} k"jf{u|xn] eg]sf] xf]Og . /Tgkfs{sf] k]6L d]/f] b}lgs cf]x/ bf]x/ ug]{ af6f] xf] . kf7s ju{x¿ cfkm}F Tof] af6f] lxF8]/ of kfs{leq uP/ oL d}n] pNn]v u/]sf 36gf / s[ofsnfk;Fu ;fIffTsf/ ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . tkfOF{ ToxfF lgw{Ss;Fu tf; v]n]/ dgf]/~hg ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . tkfO{+ ToxfF nfu' cf}iflw lsGg ;Sg'x'G5 . tkfO{+ ToxfF rflxPsf] h:tf] gu/ aw" k|fKt ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . olt dfq} sxfF xf] /, n3'zª\sf of bL3{zª\sf klg tkfO{+ ToxfF lgaf{w ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . olb tkfO{+nfO{ ;/d nfUb}g eg] . o;/L Psflt/ df}lns /Tgkfs{ cl:tTjxLg ePsf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ ;ft ;d'b|kfl/ gSsnL æ/Tgkfs{Æ rlr{t aGb} 5 . ;tLn] ;/fk]sf] b]zsf hgtf xfd|f] lgolt o:t} /x]5 . lrQ a'emfpg} k¥of] . x}g t <

cGTodf dnfO{ oxfF Pp6f s'/f eGg dg nfUof] h'g d]/f :juL{o

180 ÷ 24

lktfhL;Fu ;Da4 5 . d]/f lktfhL g]kfnsf Ps rlr{t x[bo /f]u ljz]if1 x'g'x'GYof] . pxfFn] To; a]nfsf] zfxL ;]gfdf k|yd a|fXd0f æpk/yLÆ ;Ddsf] kb ;DxfNg'ePsf] lyof] . sf7df8f}Fsf] hGd / ljb]zsf] cWoogn] ubf{ ;+:s[t cWoog ug{ gkfPsf]df pxfFnfO{ k5'tf] x'GYof] . t/ ;]gfaf6 lgj[Q ePkl5 km';{bsf] ;dosf] :jfWoogn] pxfF æefujt uLtfÆ cWoog ug{ ;Sg] x'g'eof] . xfdL ;a}nfO{ pxfF æefujt uLtfsf] cWoog u/, 1fg k|fKt x'G5, ltdLx¿ lbgsf] Ps Znf]s /fd|/L a'em]/ cWoog u/Æ eg]/ af/Daf/ pTk]|l/t ug'{x'GYof] . To:tf lqmofzLn

d]/f lktfhL hLjgsf] pQ/fw{df k'u]kl5 b]zsf] ljs[t / ljlIfKt xfntb]lv lbSs eP/ xf]nf, To;af/] xfdLn] pxfF;Fu s]xL ;f]Wof] eg] æd klqsf klg k9\lbgF, va/ klg x]lb{gF . dnfO{ o:tf s'/fdf ca s]xL rfv 5}gÆ eg]/ lg/fz :j/df hjfkm lbg'x'GYof] . clxn] d ToxL l:yltdf k'u]sL 5' . To; a]nfsf] pxfFsf] pd]/ / clxn]sf] d]/f] pd]/df w]/} leGgtf 5 . Tof] pd]/df k'Ug dnfO{ cem w]/} jif{ afFRg' 5 t/ cfhsf] cj:yfdf g} d}n] d]/f] a'afsf] h:tf] hjfkm bf]x¥ofpg' plrt xf]nf < olb 5}g eg] To;sf] ljsNk s] t <

gf/L df6fsf] d"lt{ xf]Og, :jo+ df6f] xf]

cgGt ;[li6nfO{ hGdfP/ x'sf{pg]

;[hgsf] kL8fnfO{ ddtfsf] ;'v dfgL

cGt:tnb]lv g} /dfpg]

jfT;Nosf] cd[t wf/f

5ftLaf6 5rNsfpg]

k|f0fL dfqsf] nflu

zflGt, t[lKt / t'li6sf] af6f] xf]

gf/L df6fsf] d"lt{ xf]Og, :jo+ df6f] xf] .

df6f]kLtfDa/f pkfWofo kLo"if

sljtf

180 ÷ 25

o'uf}Fo'u;Dd

u/] lg k'vf{x¿n]

ltd|f] k"hf,

k|To]s ltxf/df .

eJo ¿kdf

u/] lg bLkfjnL ,

nIdLk"hfsf] lbg .

sfuhsf] /ª\uLg tl:a/ xf];\ jf,

lghL{j 9'Ëfsf] d"lt{ xf];\ jf wft'sf]

9f]]u] lg ltd|f] k|tLs agfP/

r9fP lg d]jf ldi7fGgx¿,

/ftf] cla/ / k'mnsf y'Fufx¿ /fv]/

xhf/f}F xhf/f}F jif{

k|To]s ltxf/df

u/] lg nIdLk"hf .

3/sf] sf]7faf6 ;8s;Dd

lk7f]n] b'j}lt/ /]vfx¿ agfP/

nx/} bLkx¿ hnfP/

snzdf k'mnsf u'R5fx¿ ;hfP/

wg, bf}nt, ;DklQ,

;d[l4, ;DkGgtf / j}ejÙ

cfudgsf] k|tLIff ub}{

ltd|f] :jfut ug{

v]Nof}F lg b]p;L / e}nf],

u¥of}F lg eJo bLkfjnL,

k|To]s jif{ ltxf/df ,

d'gfnfO{ 5f]8]/ ef]6 uPsf] dbg,

3/ kms]{sf] 5}g,

a]nfot uPsf] lav]{

ce}m kms]{sf] 5}g .

c/asf] d?e"lddf

sfd ug{ uPsf] xs]{

tftf] afn'jfdf e]F8f r9fpFb} 5 .

pF6sf] dnd"q ;f]xf]b}{ 5

dfYnf] 3/sf] h]7f

6\jfOn]6 ;kmf ub}{ 5,

sfG5f, efF8f df‰b} 5 k/rj|mLx¿sf]

o;kflnsf] ltxf/df

pm klg kmls{Psf] 5}g .

tNnf] 3/] sfG5L vf8L uPsL,

P8\; nfu]/ ?Fb} kmls{5 .

d]/f ;fyL, d'Gg / /fd cjtf/ 3fOt] 5g\ /] .

va/ ;'Gbf lg g/dfOnf] nfU5

aGb} 5g\ k'mnx¿u0f]z a:g]t

sljtf

180 ÷ 26

zf]sn]] Jofs'n x'G5 dg

b;F} / lt/xf/ 5]s dfq}

d/]5g\ lg pt} ;of}F hgf

xhf/f}F cnkq k/]5g\ lg pt},

Po/kf]6{df cfpF5 lbgx'F

d/]sf] nf; af]s]/ hxfh

cfsfzdfly cfafh ;'Gbf klg

x]5{g\ afcfdfx¿ cfsfzlt/

nfU5 xf]nf, cfˆg} 5f]/fsf]

nf; kf] NofpFb} 5 ls Û

s'g} cfkmGts} d[To' eof] ls Û

r]nLa]6Lx¿ kf] x'g\ ls Û

cTof; nfU5 ;fOFnf Û cTof; nfU5

cfFugdf k'mn]sf ;okqL / dvdnL

emf]j|mfP/ ?Fb} 5g\,

o;kfln

ulb{gF bLkfjnL / nIdLk"hf,

dgfpFlbgF ltxf/,

v]lNbgF ;fOFnf b]p;L e}nf] klg .

efg'pld{nf kGt …kf08]oÚ

sljtf

pbfP efg' k"j{ lbzfdf l;Gb'/L nfnL 5b}{

pRr ;u/dfyf l;/df OGb|]gL /Ë eb}{

OGb|]gLsf] /Ë af]sL cfFvfsf] gfgLdf

x]b{5' d t efg'nfO{ k|eftL ls/0fdf

;':t/L efg' psfnL r9\b} lxdfndf lkFmlhP

l;Gb'/L nfnL, ;'Gb/ /Ën] …nfnL u'/fF;Ú ;lhP

nhfpg nflug\ ;Ltf–/fgL efg'nfO{ b]v]/

efu]/ n'sL uOg\ efg'sf] Gofgf] :kz{ kfP/

180 ÷ 27

nfU5 cfhsn sxfnL kf] cfˆgf] hLjgb]lv

klxNofpg] af6f] ;xL ghfg]/ xf] ls .

;'Vvf slxn] x/fe/f jiff{ofd x'Fbf,

afx|}df;sf] cGt/fndf Ct' ablnFbf,

laxfgLsf] :jR5 d':sfg uugdf pxL

3fd / h'gsf] n'sfdf/L k|s[of 5 ToxL

nfU5 cfhsn sxfnL of] cfˆgf] hLjg b]lv

klxNofpg] af6f] ;xL ghfg]/ xf] ls .

lxdfnsf] :jR5 xfjf v'Nnf rf/}lt/

kxf8af6 emgf{x¿ em5{g\ em/em/

u'~hfodfg\ cfafhn] dg d'Uw x'GYof],

k|s[ltsf] v]naxf8df e'mDg dg nfUYof]

nfU5 cfhsn sxfnL kf] cfˆgf] hLjgb]lv

klxNofpg] af6f] ;xL ghfg]/ xf] ls .

wld/f]n] vfP;l/ x'G5 cËeË,

vf]lqmPsf] dg eO{ kf5{ dg eË

km'n aGg g;s]/ sf]lknfd} em¥of]

x]bf{x]b}{ au}Frf emg\ phf8 kf] eof] .

nfU5 cfhsn sxfnL kf] cfˆgf] hLjgb]lv

klxNofpg] af6f] ;lx ghfg]/ xf] ls .

lj/f6gu/

ghfg]/ xf] ls <a;'>L kf08]

sljtf

180 ÷ 28

5fofbQ Gof}kfg] / pgsf ltg s[ltclDasf uf}td

;dfnf]rgf

!=;ª\lIfKt kl/ro

g]kfnL ;flxTodf 5fofbQ Gof}kfg] …au/Ú vf]nfn] 5f]8]sf] anf}6] hldg geO{ l;ª\uf] g]kfnL ;flxTonfO{ x/fe/f agfpg] pj{/ e"ld x'g\ . pgn] g]kfnL ;flxTosf ljz]if u/L ;dfnf]rgf / lgaGw ljwfdf snd rnfpFb} cfPsf] b]lvG5 tyflk pgsf] ljz]if bIftf, kf]Vttf, ;lqmotf clg ?lr eg] afn;flxTod} b]lvG5 .

au/ pkgfdn] lrlgPsf Gof}kfg] lj;+ @)@@ df kj{t lhNnfsf] x'jf; uflj;–*l:yt cdn8fF8fdf lktf :j=sdnk|;fb / dftf b]j¿kf Gof}kfg]sf ;'k'qsf ¿kdf hlGdPsf x'g\ . a'afaf6 3/d} cIf/f/De u/]sf Gof}kfg]n] ;+:s[tdf zf:qL, g]kfnLdf Pd\P=tyf laP8\=;Ddsf] cf}krfl/s cWoog u/]sf 5g\ . ;flxTo l;h{gfsf ;fy} pgL /Tg/fHo nIdL SofDk;df k|fWofkg/t 5g\ . o;afx]s pgn] n]vg÷;Dkfbg, k|sfzg ;lxt ljleGg z}lIfs, ;flxlTos, ;fdflhs

;+:yfx¿;Fu cfa4 /xL ;dfh ;]jf klg ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .

lj;+ @)$@ lt/ …gofF k'sf/Ú gfds klqsfdf -ef/tsf] Clifs]zaf6 k|sflzt_ …xfd|f] emG8fÚ zLif{ssf] lgaGw k|sflzt u/fO{ pgn] cf}krfl/s ¿kdf ;flxToofqfsf] yfngL u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pgn] …ljBfyL{sf]sndÚ-@)$%agf/;af6_,…hDsf] ;flxlTos dfl;sÚ -@)%$ -cf7 cª\s;Dd_,k|ltef k|jfx, l;h{gf / ;dLIff dfl;s -@$cª\s;Dd_h:tf ;flxlTos klqsf / lzIff ;f}uft -@)%&_, lx/fnfn ax'd'vL SofDk;sf] jflif{s d'vkq,@ cª\s;Dd_, ;flxlTos cleofg -@)%, cleofg ;flxTo k|lti7fgsf] jflif{s d'vkq, $ cª\s;Dd_, /fi6« pb\3f]if -@)%*,pGgltzLn g]kfnL ;dfhsf] jflif{s d'vkq_ d'vkqx¿ tyf cfVofgsf/ 8fodG8 ;dLIff u|Gy, -@)^%_,8fodg ;[li6 Psl;+xfjnf]sg -;dfnf]rgfTds ;+:d/0f u|Gy,@)&!_ ;Dkfbg u/]sf

180 ÷ 29

5g\ .

Gof}kfg]sf afn;flxTotkm{ syf, hLjgL, lgaGw, Psfª\sL, pkGof; / afnuLt ;ª\u|xx¿ k|sflzt 5g\ . tL o;k|sf/ 5g\M afn lbj; -@)^@_, af6f] atfpg] gflt -@)^#_,;fyLefOsf] syf-@)^&_, 8fFkm]r/L -@)^&_ h:tf afnsyf ;ª\u|xx¿, c;n s]xL dflg;x¿ -hLjgL ;ª\u|x,@)^@_, u'/fF; em'Nb} 5 -afn bf]xf]/L uLt -@)^#_, slt /fd|f] s -@)^$_, 6'/{6'/{ s/fpF5 -@)^&_, k'tnLsf] lax] -@)^%÷@)&)_ cflb afnuLt ;ª\u|xx¿, afn lbj; -@)^#_/ df]6/;fOsnsf] lax] -@)^&_ Psfª\sL ;ª\u|xx¿, xh'/afsf] ufpF -@)^$_, k// tfnL -@)^&_ p:t} p:t} 5]kf/f]h:t} -@)^*_ afnlgaGw ;ª\u|x tyf cfOF kf8Ln] b"w vfof] -afnf]kGof;,@)^$_,xfd|f s'/f -;x;+jfb,@)^&_ cflb pgsf b'O{ bh{geGbf a9L df}lns / ;Dkfbg;d]t u/L kfFr bh{g s[ltx¿ k|sflzt 5g\ . pgn] kf7\o k':tsx¿df ;xn]vgsf] sfd klg u/]sf 5g\ / tL x'g\– g]kfnL Jofs/0f jfl6sf sIff !–%-@)%^_, dfWolds g]kfnL Jofs/0f jfl6sf, af]w / /rgf -@)%*_, g]kfnL ;flxTo jfl6sf sIff ^, &, / * -@)%(_, g]kfnL ;flxTo

s';'d sIff !–*-@)^!÷^@_ g]kfnL /rgfdfnf sIff !–%-@)^%_ cflb. dfly plNnlvt s[ltsf ;fy} pgsf y'k|} ;dfnf]rgf, sljtf, syf, lgaGw km'6s/ ¿kn] ljleGg kqklqsx¿df lg/Gt/ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . pgL ljleGg ;flxlTos ;ª\3 ;+:yfx¿l;t cfa4 eO{ ljleGg ;flxlTos ultljlwdf klg ;lqmo ¿kn] ;+nUg x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ .

@= k|j[lQut s]xL s'/f

afnaflnsf eljiosf s0f{wf/ x'g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ k|]/0ff lbO{ sd{ If]qdf ;dlk{t uf/pg] k|of;df b]lvG5g\ Gof}kfg] . afnsx¿nfO{ 1fglj1fg;Fu kl/lrt u/fO{, /fli6«o r]tgf a9fpFb} ;fdflhs dof{bf atfpg] s[ltx¿ gofF z}nLdf k|:t't ug]{ /rgfsf/ x'g\ 5fofbQ Gof}kfg] …au/Ú . pgn] cfˆgf s[ltx¿df cfj/0f, efiffz}nL, ljifoj:t' afnsn] a'‰g] u/L cleJoQm lbg] x'gfn] pgsf l;h{gfnfO{ afnsx¿ v'a dg k/fpF5g\ . ;fgf–;fgf k':ts, 5f]6fld7f /rgfaf6 pgL uxg ;Gb]z lbg ;kmn 5g\ . pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf df]6/ ;fOsnsf] lax], s]/}s]/f, 6'/{6'/{ s/fpF5, k// tfnLh:tf s[ltnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . lj1fg hut\sf ljleGg gofF gofF cfljisf/ tyf

180 ÷ 30

k|ljlwnfO{ ljifoj:t' agfP/ klg pgn] s[lt n]Vg] u/]sf 5g\ . o;sf] alnof] pbfx/0f 6'/{6'/{ s/fpF5 -@)^&_ afnuLtnfO{ dfGg ;lsG5 . pgn] ljBfno txsf kf7\ok':tssf ljleGg z[ª\vnfx¿, efiff Jofs/0fsf gjLgtd s[ltx¿sf] n]vg–;Dkfbg, ;+of]hg tyf lgb]{zgdf ;d]t of]ubfg u/]sf 5g\ h;df pgsf] ljifoj:t' 5gf]6, k|:t'ltsf] z}nLlzNk, ;/n jfSou7gn] a]Un} klxrfg agfpg ;kmn b]lvG5g\ .

Gof}kfg]n] cfˆgf 5f]6f5f]6f /rgfdf g]kfn, g]kfnL hflt, /fli6«otf, b]zelQm, k|s[lt lrq0f, dfgjLo ;+j]bgf, jghËn, kz'kG5L k|]d h:tf efjgfTds k|:t'ltnfO{ uLltnodf /rgf ul/Psf ultnf sljtfsf ;Fufnfx¿ k|sflzt u/]sf 5g\ . o:tf s[ltx¿af6 afnsnfO{ gofF zAbsf] k|of]uaf/] 1fg lbnfpg ;lsG5 . o;}u/L ;dfnf]rgf / lgaGw ljwfdf snd rnfP/ Joª\Uo r]tgfo'Qm k|:t'ltdf ;fdlos ;dfhaf6 ljifoj:t' l6k]/ Jofjxfl/s 1fg, dfgjLo b[li6sf]0f clg ultzLn ljrf/ lbg klg pgL kl5 k/]sf 5}gg\ . ;du|df o;f] eGg ;lsG5 ls ;|i6f Gof}kfg] ax'd'vL k|ltef ;DkGg JolQm x'g\ . pgn]

;flxTodf afnsnfO{ dfq k|]/0ff glbO{ xfdL k|f}9x¿nfO{ klg s]xL l;h{gfTds sfd u/f}F, s]xL l;sf}F eGg] phf{ lbG5g\ . pgsf] ljrf/df cleefjsn] afnsnfO{ hlt ulxl/P/ a'‰5f}F Tolt g} pgLx¿ cem a9L k|]l/t x'G5g\ . pgLx¿sf] eljio cfnf]sdo eO{ ;zQm aGb} hfG5 eGg] Gof}kfg]sf] wf/0ff /x]sf] kfOG5 . lgaGw tyf afn s[ltx¿df JoQm ;/n t/ ;zQm, uDeL/ t/ Jofjxfl/s efj ;Dk|]io cleJolQmsf sf/0f afn;flxTo ;|i6f 5fofbQ Gof}kfg] au/nfO{ k|]/s JolQmTj dfGg ;lsG5 .

#= s[ltx¿

#=!=efiff Ml;sfO, l;k / l;h{gf -@)%#_

…efiff M l;sfO, l;k / l;h{gfÚ v]nz}nLdf efiff l;sfpg] /dfOnf] k':ts xf] . of] k':ts ljifoj:t'nfO{ k|:t't ug]{ gjLg lzNksf sf/0fn] km/s 5 lsg eg] oxfF km]nf kf/]sf Jofs/l0fs zLif{sx¿ xfdL cGo Jofs/0fsf k':tsdf klg e]6\g ;S5f}F . oBlk tL Jofs/l0fs k':tsn] lbg] ljifoj:t'sf] k|:t'lt, v]nv]ndf l;sfpg] tl/sf cflb eg] k"0f{¿kdf km/s 5g\ . t'ngfTds ¿kn] o;

180 ÷ 31

k':tssf cl3NNff PsfOn] kf7sdf Jofjxfl/s z}nLn] eflifs ;'wf/ NofpF5g\ clg kl5Nnf PsfOn] ljz]if u/L zAbe08f/ a9fpg] sfd u5{g\ . k':tsn] pRrf/0f tyf x:t n]vg /fd|f] agfpg] l;k l;sfpFb} eflifs snfdf lgk'0ftf k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] pkfo atfP/ cfˆgf] gfdcg';f/sf] sfd u/]sf] 5 . k':tsdf lzIf0f l;sfO 1fg;Fu} lh1f;fd"ns ;'emfjsf] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 h'g o; k':tssf] ljz]iftf xf] . k':ts lzIfs / ljBfyL{ b'j}sf nflu pkof]uL z}lIfs ;fdu|L ag]sf] 5 . cem egf}F of] k':ts g]kfnL efiffdf n]lvPsf] 5 t/ h'g;'s} efiff l;Sg]÷l;sfpg] k|ljlw klxrfg ul/Psf] x'Fbf pkof]lutfsf b[li6n] ;d:t efiffk|]dLx¿sf nflu k7gLo ag]sf] 5 .

o; k':tsn] pRrf/0f, j0f{ljGof; jf lxHh]n]vgdf klg ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 . of] lstfa ljBfno txsf ljz]if u/L ^÷& sIffb]lv !!÷!@ sIff;Ddsf ljBfyL{ tyf o; txdf lzIf0f ug]{ lzIfssf nflu a9L sfd nfUbf] 7xl/g]5 . Jofs/0fsf] ;}4flGts ef/L k6Ss} gaf]sfpg' / Jofjxfl/s sflnu9L b]vfpg ;kmn x'g' g} o;sf] d'Vo k|flKt xf] eg]/ 7f]s'jf ug{ ;lsG5 . o;df lbOPsf]

kf7snfO{ af]em gu/fO{ s;/L a'emfpg ;lsG5 eGg] l;k lzIfssf nflu a9L pkof]uL 5 . ;flxTosf ;a} ljwfut n]vg tl/sfnfO{ k':tsn] ;f]bfx/0f ;d]6]sf] 5 . k/LIffnfO{ ;fdfGo dfg]/ To;nfO{ ;fdgf ug]{ / o;nfO{ Jofjxfl/s agfpg'kg]{ ;Gb]z;lxt xfd|f] k/LIff k|0ffnLdf kl/jt{g ug{'kg]{ z}lIfs gLltut s'/f klg ;d]l6Psf] 5 . efiff dfgjLo hLjgsf] cfwf/ xf] . o;sf ljleGg ljz]iftf 5g\ h;sf] dfWodaf6 xfdL xfd|f] ljrf/ ;a};fd' k|:t't u5f}F h'g cfsif{s x'g' h?/L 5 . o:t} efiffnfO{ /fd|f] t/ :t/Lo agfpg] l;k l;sfpg] pb\b]Zon] tof/ kfl/Psf] efiff;DaGwL ljlzi6 k':ts xf]–efiff M l;sfO, l;k / l;h{gF .

Gof}kfg]n] k':tsdf s] sxfF a:5 < h:tf zLif{ssf] dfWodaf6 km/s :jfbl;t ljz]if 1fg klg lbPsf 5g\ . zAb Ps k|of]u cg]s, df}lns z}nL, pb\3f]if0f snf ;DaGwdf Jojxf/f]kof]uL l;k atfpg pNn]v ul/Psf ljleGg zLif{saf6 xfdL s]xL cnUu} eflifs Ifdtf k|fKt ePsf] cg'e"lt ug{ ;S5f}F .

cGTodf o;f] eGg ;lsG5 ls, efiff M l;sfO, l;k / l;h{gf lgDg dfWolds, dfWolds tyf

180 ÷ 32

pRr dfWolds ljBfnosf ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ Jofs/l0fs lzNk, 1fg lbg] / l;sfpg] lhDd]jf/L lnPsf lzIfsnfO{ clws ef/L gykL ;xh eflifs bIftf k|bfg ug{ ;kmn b]lvG5 . cGo df]6f k':tssf] t'ngfdf 5f]6f], 5l/tf], ;lhnf] / ld7f] /rgf lbg ;Sg' efiff M l;sfO, l;k / l;h{gf gfds k':tssf yk ljz]iftf x'g\ . o;n] efiff lzIf0fnfO{ gLjg l;k l;sfPsf] 5 . gj lzIf0f sdL{x¿sf nflu o; s[ltn]e/kbf]{ ldqsf] e"ldsf k'/f ul/lbPsf] 5 . o;n] v]nL–v]nL k9\g]÷k9fpg] jftfj/0f klg ldnfOlbPsf] 5 . o;y{ k|:t't s[lt k9\g]÷k9fpg] sd{sf nflu cg's/0fLo lzNkz}nLo'Qm gd'gf z}lIfs ;fdu|L xf] .

#=@df]6/;fOsnsf] lax] -@)^&_

df]6/;fOsnsf] lax] Joª\Uo r]tgfn] kl/k'i6 afn Psfª\sL ;Fufnf] xf] . Joª\UofTds r]tgfsf] /ËLrËL cfj/0f lrqo'Qm zLif{s, / gf}nf] ljifoj:t' l6lkPsf sf/0fn] df]6/;fOsnsf] lax] afngf6s ;ª\u|x afnlk|o k':ts ag]/ afn dg–dl:tis cfs[i6 ug{ ;kmn b]lvPsf] 5 . kfqsf gfd -lnv], DofpFrL, e'm;]_ klg cgf}7f / cRrdsf 5g\,

h;n] afn kf7s xF;fpF5g\ . afnsnfO{ /f]df~rs z}nLdf sxfF, sf], s], s'gh:tf k|Zgfy{ jfSo a'emfpg k':ts ;xof]uL b]lvG5 . gf6sdf km'tL{n] l/g nfU5, ;'tL{n] SofG;/, leHof la/fnf]h:tf pvfg / 6'Ssfsf] k|of]un] efiffnfO{ /l;nf] agfPsf] 5 eg] ljBfyL{x¿df o; ;DaGwL 1fg klg lbPsf] 5 . cGTofg'k|f;o'Qm uLtsf] k|of]un] gf6sdf ;f}Gbo{ yk]sf] dx;'; x'G5 . xfd|f] ;dfhdf s'k|yfsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] bfOhf] k|yfnfO{ dflg;x¿ s'/fn] l7Ss sfdn] lbSs u5{g\ . o:tf JolQmx¿nfO{ klg o; gf6sn] s]xL ;'wfg{ ;S5 . o; afngf6saf6 s]6fs]6LnfO{ ljleGg hLjsf] gfdsf ;fy} xfd|f] ;+:sf/sf af/]df klg 1fg lbnfpg ;lsG5 . df]6/;fOsnsf] lax] Ps cª\s / kfFr b[Zo ljwfgdf /lrPsf] dWod cfsf/sf] gf6s xf] . o;nfO{ k9\gsf nflu kf7sn] w]/} ;do vr{ ug{' kb}{g . afn;fyLx¿ d~rg ug{ kfpFbf emg\ a9L /dfpg] 5g\ .

#=@=! /lj d':s'/fP

gf6sn] ul/a u'?jfsf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] klg k9\gsf nflu df}sf kfpg'k5{ eGg] uxlsnf] ;Gb]z af]s]sf] 5 . o; gf6sdf kfqn] af]n]sf ;+jfbdf

180 ÷ 33

eflifs / ;fdflhs oyfy{ emNs]sf] kfOG5 . ;fy} 5f]6f5f]6f ;+jfbn] klg afn dgdl:tisnfO{ cfsif{0f lbG5g\ g} . afnsx¿s} ;lqmotfdf sIffsf]7fd} k|of]u u/fpFbf :jod\ afnsx¿ ;xefuL x'Fbf gf6s cem a9L k|efjsf/L x'g] / ;fy{stf ylkg] b]lvG5 . dflg; ;fdflhs k|f0fL xf] o;df lgM:jfy{ ;xof]uL efjgfsf] ljsf; u/f}F eGg] dfgjLo ;+j]bgf emNsfpFb} ultzLn ljrf/ ;Dk|]if0fdf ;d]t gf6sn] hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . /lj d':s'/fP gf6snfO{ gf6s eg]/ ;ª\\u|xdf /flvP tfklg o;df b[Zo ljefhg gePsfn] o;nfO{ PsfÍL gf6s eGg ;lsG5 . o:tf gf6sx¿af6 ljBfyL{x¿ kl/lrt x'Fb} hfg' c;n ;dfh lgdf{0fsf nflu cfjZos b]lvG5 .

#=@=@=afnu[xdf ;8safnsx¿

afnu[xdf ;8safnsx¿ zLif{ssf] gf6s kl9/xFbf d]/f] dfg;k6ndf ;8s afnsx¿ s'g} klg ;+3–;+:yf jf k|ltli7t JolQmsf] …xfQLsf] b]vfpg] bfFtÚ gag"g eGg] ;f]r cfof] . gf6sdf pNn]v eP h:t} ;8s afnsx¿n] wgk|;fbh:t} ;~rfns / afnu[x kfpmg\ eGg] xfd|f] cfsfª\Iffdf gf6sn] e/y]u

u/]sf] b]lvG5 . /rgfsf/n] afngf6s ;ª\u|xsf] zLif{s …df]6/;fOsnsf] lax]Ú/fVg' / d}n] k':tssf] af/]df n]Vbf a9L zAb ToxL gf6snfO{ g} vlr{g' p:t}p:t} s'/fh:tf] eof] t/ To;f] eGb}df c¿ b'O{ gf6s uf}0f 5g\ eGg] rflxF xf]Og tyflk gf6sx¿dWo] kf7s -afns_nfO{ cfslif{t ug]{ gf6s eg] df]6/;fOsnsf] lax] g} xf] . gf6s;ª\u|x eGg] gfd lbO;s]kl5 ;ª\u|xdf ltg dfq gf6s g/fvL c¿ a9L gf6s /flvPsf] eP kf7snfO{ nfe x'g] lyof] . ltg cf]6} gf6sdf s]xL Jofs/l0fs q'l6 5g\ h'g csf]{ ;+:s/0f lgsfNbf ;'wfg{ ;lsG5 . afngf6s ;ª\u|x ePsfn] gf6sdf k|of]u ul/Psf s]xL zAb -7x/, kpn, kl;{g]_ eg] afn kf7sx¿sf nflu hl6n nfUg ;S5g\ . rGb|dfdf bfu eg]em}F st} st} e]l6g] s]xL sdL–sdhf]/Lx¿nfO{ lal;{lbg] xf] eg] of] gf6s ;ª\\u|xaf6 afn kf7sx¿ ;+jfb af]Ng, gofF zAb pRrf/0f ug{, zAb e08f/sf] ljsf; ug{, clegofTds snfsfl/tfdf ;xefuL x'g h:tf cltl/tm lqmofsnfk ;DaGwL cj;/ k|fKt ug{ ;kmn x'g] 5g\ eGg] ljZjf; ug{ ;lsG5 .

#=#= wtL{ d':s'/fpF5 -@)&)_

180 ÷ 34

afnsnfO{ s]xL s'/f l;sfpg', a'emfpg', k9fpg' Tolt ;xh 5}g . xfdLn] pgLx¿nfO{ dgkg]{ / a'‰g] u/L l;sfof}F eg] dfq afnlzIf0f ;kmn x'g ;S5 / xfdL lzIfs klg ;kmn x'g ;S5f}F . afndg 5'g] kf7\o ;fdu|L n]v]/ nfdf] ;dob]lv l;h{g sd{ u/]/ afn;flxTosf] If]qdf cfˆgf] b/f] pkl:ylt b]vfO;s]sf 5fofbQ Gof}kfg] …au/Ú wtL{ d':s'/fpF5 lszf]/ sljtf ;ª\u|x klg efiff M l;sfO, l;k / l;h{gf / df]6/;fOsnsf] lax] kl5 d]/f] xft k/]sf] 5 .

s'g} s[lt jf /rgfnfO{ n]vsn] cfˆgf] dl:tisdf ksfP/ kf7sdfem k:sg slt ufx|f] x'G5 Tof] l;h{gfTds sfo{ ug{] ;h{s ;a}n] a'e]ms} ljifo xf] . k:s]sf] vfgf vfP/ 1fgn] t[Kt ePkl5 of] k'u]g, Tof] k'u]g eGg t ;lhnf] x'G5 t/ To;df g'g, t]n cflbsf] pko'Qm dfqf ldnfpg ufx|f] x'G5, of] kSs} xf] . tyflk dnfO{ cfzf 5 n]vs / pgsf s[ltaf/] d}n] n]v]sf s'/fn] b'j}df ;sf/fTds k|efj b]cf];\, l;ª\u} afn;flxTodf ;''wf/ Nofcf];\\ g ls gsf/fTds k|efj . afn;flxTo n]vgdf w]/} cufl8 al9;s]sf 5fofbQ Gof}kfg]nfO{ yfxf 5 ls pgLx¿nfO{ s:tf] s'/f dgk5{, s:tf] s'/f dg kb}{g / pgLx¿nfO{ s]

s;/L k|]/0ff lbg ;lsG5 < ToxL d]nf]nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] pb\b]Zosf ;fy cfPsf] …wtL{ d':s'/fpF5Ú uLltnodf /lrt ;zQm lszf]/ sljtf ;ª\u|x afn ;flxTosf] kmfF6df t/fO{df wfge}Fm e'mn]sf] cg'e"lt x'G5 . slj Gof}kfg] o;df ;ª\u[xLt sljtfx¿nfO{ pko'Qm no / efj ljwfg u/]/ afnx[bo;Dd k'¥ofpg k|of;/t b]lvG5g\ . pgsf] o; k|of;nfO{ ;fy{s t'Nofpg] lhDd]jf/L eg] bIf, sd{7 clg k];fk|lt k|lta4 lzIfssf] xf] h;n] afn lh1f;fnfO{ ;Ddfg lbP/ k|f0fLx¿sf] ;femf jf;:yfg wtL{ ;fFRr} d':s'/fpg] kl/j]z ldnfOlbg] 5 . cfzf u/f}F Gof}kfg]sf] ;lbR5fn] h; kfpg] g} 5 . sljtfsf] gd'gf kª\lQmu'R5 M

uf]/]6fdf 8f]h/ rn] ufpF d':s'/fpF5

laxfgLdf b}nf] v'n] lbg d':s'/fpF5

kl;gfn] l;FrfO u/] df6f] d':s'/fpF5

dfG5] dfG5] eof] eg] b]z d':s'/fpF5 . -;fwgf, k]h–&_

d]/f] ltg, rf/ a;]{ ljBfno lzIf0fsf] cg'ej eG5 efOalxgLnfO{ k9fpFbf cfgGb nfUg] / k9\bf pgLx¿n] /dfOnf] dfGg] ljwfdWo] sljtf g} klxnf] :yfgdf cfpF5 . To;}n] ljljw

180 ÷ 35

/dfOnf zLif{sn] o'Qm wtL{ d':s'/fpF5 sljtf ;ª\u|x pgLx¿sf nflu pko'Qm / lrQ a'‰bf] klg 5 . zAb / cy{sf] 1fg lbgsf nflu sljtfx¿ nfek|b 5g\ . /fli6«otf, ;f+:s[lts ljljwtf, k|fb]lzstfh:tf ax'/ËL efj / g]kfnsf] k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{ sljtfdf d':s'/fPsf] 5 . o; uLltnoo'Qm ;ª\u|xdf efj emNsg] ;lrq k|:t'ltn] afnssf] Wofg cfs[i6 u5{g\ . sljtfdf /fli6«o lje"lt, ;flxTosf/, /fhgLlt1, jghËn ;+/If0fsf] lhDd]jf/L af]wsf] efjsf ;fy} g]kfnsf] P]ltxfl;s uf}/jufyfsf] ufg klg ul/Psf] 5 . x/]s JolQmsf cfˆg} /f]hfO x'G5g\, dnfO{ eg] o; ;ª\u|xsf pTs[i6 sljtfx¿dWo] a9L /fd|f] nfu]sf s]xL gd'gf kª\lQmu'R5x¿ k|:t't ug{ dg nfUof] . k|:t't 5g\ pTs[i6tfsf] qmddf M

Pp6f ;fyL uf]/f] /fd|f] csf]{rflxF s}nf]

n'uf /fd|f] ;'lsnf] xf] gnufpg" d}nf]

;dodf p7f}F ;fyL ;Fu} vf]nf}F b}nf]

dfbn ahfO{ gfrf}F ;fyL x'g'k5{ k}nf] .. -;do, k]h–!(_

o; sljtfdf afn dgnfO{ pGglttkm{ nDsfpg] /

k9fOdf k|ult u/fpg] pTk|]/s efj 5 . o; sljtfsf nflu k|of]udf NofOPsf] zAbx¿ klg afn;'ne g} 5g\ . wtL{ d':s'/fpF5 sljtf ;ª\u|xsf yk s]xL gd'gfx¿ lgDg 5g\ M

?v sf6\g df:g 5f8] 8fnL d':s'/fpF5

;a} ;Fu} v]Ng kfP :jf:Yo d':s'/fpF5

5n5fd a9fl/P k|f0fL d':s'/fpF5 k|s[ltn] em'Ng kfP wtL{ d':s'/fpF5 . -k|s[lt, k]h–@#_

5'rf] …dÚnfO{ ;RofP/ xfdL eP x'G5

h"g 5'g] l;k oxL ljrf/df kmN5 . -ljrf/, k]h–@%_

l;h{gfsf] nx/ Nofpg] l;k Pp6} /}…5

sfd u/L dfd vfg] g]kfnL kf] x}…5 . -:jfut, k]h–%)_

gyfSg" x} gem'Sg" x}

gcflQg' gdflQg"

c7f]6df /dfpg"

dfG5] ;w}F xF;fpg" . -c7f]6, k]h–@!_

sljtfx¿ afnsnfO{ dfq geO{ ;a}nfO{ k|]/0ff lbg] vfnsf 5g\ . sljtfdf b]zdf cfPsf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gnfO{ klg

180 ÷ 36

;d]l6Psf] 5 . b]zdf s]xL gofF, /fd|f] x'g] alnof] cfzf klg JoQm ul/Psf] 5 . uLt ;ª\u|xdf …g]kfn lrgfpF5 8fFkm] gfr]/Ú af]nsf] bf]xf]/L uLtn] crf/sf] sfd u/]sf] 5 . o;df tTsfnsf] /fhgLlts cj:yf o;/L JoQm ePsf] kfOG5 M

x]====af]nL jrg ;Dem]/ u/ sfd

xfdL ;a} k'Ug' 5 Ps} 7fd

t/fO{ em'n]/

g]kfn lrgfpF5 8fFkm] gfr]/ . -bf]xf]/L, k]h–#$_

sljtfx¿df /fli6«o Pstfsf] efj, lxdfn kxf8 t/fO{sf] ;dfj];L efjgf, ;+ljwfg cfpg] cfzf cflb klg JoQm ul/Psf] 5 . ;a}h;f] sljtf u]ofTds 5g\ . sljtfdf k|of]u ul/Psf] cfBfg'k|f;, dWofg'k|f; / cGTofg'k|f;n] sljtfdf cem Hofg e/]sf 5g\ . sljtfdf k|of]u ul/Psf] d'Qm noljwfg klg pTs[i6 5 . d'Qm nosf] clGtd sljtfafx]ssf ;a} sljtf nf]snodf ;+/lrt 5g\ . o;df hDdf lqrfln;j6f sljtfx¿ ;Ílnt 5g\ . o; s[ltsf sljtfx¿ ljz]iftM lszf]/x¿nfO{ nlIft u/L /lrPsf x'g\ . sljtfx¿ ;/n, ;/; / ;'dw'/ efiffz}nLsf] k|of]un] ubf{ ;xh ;Dk|]io ag]sf

5g\ . sljtfx¿ cfsf/k|sf/sf b[li6n] demf}nf 5g\ . k':ts kftn} eP klg leqsf sljtfx¿ efj ufDeLo{n] cf]hk"0f{ ag]sf 5g\ . ;ª\u|xsf sltko sljtfdf g]kfnL efiffsf] eflifsf -klZrd]nL_sf] k|of]u ul/Psf] 5, h'g c:jfefljs nfUb}g a? o:fn] sljtfnfO{ cnu eflifs ld7f; lbPsf] cg'e"lt x'G5 .

$=lgisif{

;du|df s] eGg ;lsG5 eg] cnucnu zLif{ssf oL efiff M l;sfO, l;k / l;h{gf, df]6/;fOsnsf] lax], wtL{ d':s'/fpF5 s[ltx¿ km/s ljifo / gjLgtd k|:t'ltsf ;fy cfPsf 5g\ . eflifs l;k ljsf;, ;fdflhs ;d:ofk|lt ;r]ttf / b]zk|]dL ;Gb]z ;Dk|]if0fsf pRr gd'gf s[ltsf ¿kdf cfPsf 5g\ . ltg} s[lt a]Unfa]Un} ljz]iftf af]s]/ cfPsf] s'/fdf ;fob} ljdlt /xnf . wtL{ d':s'/fpF5 s[ltsf sljtfn] km/skm/s :jfbdf uxg efj af]s]sf 5g\ . ;ª\u|xdf Jofs/l0fs q'l6 Tolt e]l6Gg t/ d':s'/fpF5 zAb k':tssf] cfj/0f k[i7df / k':tssf leqL k[i7sf -km'6/df_ tNnf] efudf eg] cnu tl/sfn] n]lvPsf] 5 . o;df Ps¿ktf NofpFbf /fd|f] x'g] lyof] . sltko sljtfx¿df s]xL

180 ÷ 37

zAbx¿sf] k'g/fj[lQ ePsf] eP klg k7g ubf{ /dfOn} nfUof] . w]/}j6f sljtf ;ª\slnt ePsfn] Pp6} ;ª\u|xsf leGgleGg zLif{ssf sljtfdf jghËn ;+/If0fsf] efj, /fli6«o uf}/j ufyfsf s'/f, a'4sf s'/f, /fli6«o lrGxsf] rrf{, kz'kG5Lk|]d cflbsf ;Gbe{ klg k|z:t bf]xf]l/Psf] kfOG5 . sljtf k9\bf sxLF sxLF cg'k|f;sf] cflwSon]

5'6\6} k|efj 5f8]sf] cg'ej x'G5 . em/f{ zAbx¿sf] k|of]u ePsf] x'Fbf sljtfdf a]Un} /; k|fKt ePsf] 5 . o; ;ª\u|xdf Gof}kfg]sf ;a} sljtf g]kfnL efiff, hflt, ;+:s[lt, P]ltxfl;s uf}/j ufyfsf] dlxdf ufg;lxt nlIot afnsk|lt ;dlk{t 5g\ . cGTodf o; ;dLIffn] 5'6fPsf] ;an÷b'a{n kIf jf efj ;Gbe{x¿ lj1kf7s :jod\n] ku]{Ng] g} 5g\ .

uhndfgGw/ cefuL

;Q/L jif]{ Tof] a'9f] hjfg ag]/ cfof]

hf] cfP klg of] lhGbuLdf pvfg ag]/ cfof]

;"o{ Tof] nfnL;Fu} lapFlemg gkfpFb}

k'm;|f d]/f oL cf]7df d':sfg ag]/ cfof]

pDn]/ hjfgL kf]Vof] nf6fn] e}Fm x]l//Xof]

sfd} gnfUg] a'VofFrf Û ls;fg ag]/ cfof]

h;sf] k|:tfj d}n] lsgf/f nfPsf] lyPF

cfˆgf] agfO5f8\g] /] c8fg ag]/ cfof]

sfnf] bfuL ePsf] b'Ot d]/f]df c6]g

To;}n] t cfhsn eujfg ag]/ cfof] .

180 ÷ 38

!

dfG5]n] nf; gb]v]sf] lbg g} 5}g

af6f]df

sd{:yndf

htftt} b]lvG5 nf;

ca t 3/}df klg b]lvG5g\ nf;sf yfsx¿

nf; gb]v]sf] lbg g} 5}g Û

@

ca t pm æ;]Ns]l6eÆ eP5

Tof] t]/f] dfG5]sf] nf;

of] d]/f] dfG5]sf] nf;

eGb} w'OFkQfn 5fGgdf tNnLg eP5

csf{sf] nf; uf9\g gkfOg]

cfˆgf dfG5]sf] uf8\g grfxg]

oxL åGådf km;]sf] pm

cd/Tj dfUg yfN5 p;sf] O{Zj/;Fu ÛÛ

#

nf; t nf;} xf]

cfˆgfsf] s] csf{sf] s]

d[To' ælh/f]:6]hÆ

To;kl5 ;a} æcfl;k/nÆ

nf; nf;df leGgtf b]Vg]x¿ c;dfg efjgf aGb}

cfk}m lhpFbf] nf; aGg k'Ub5g\ ÛÛ

nf; gb]v]sf] lbg g} 5}g 8f= dl0fs'df/ zdf{

sljtf

180 ÷ 39

Pp6f ;fgf] 5]:sfn] Pp6f ;fgf] hLjd[To' /f]ls/x]sf] p;n] b]Vof] . To;nfO{ p;n] x]l//Xof] . k]ml/ dgdf u'lg/Xof] . kfgLsf] axfjdf pm s;/L k¥of] . Pp6f k|Zg p;n] cfk}m;Fu u¥of] . clg s;/L p;sf] lglDt 5]:sf p;sf] cufl8 t]l;{lbof] . csf]{ k|Zg To;/L g} cfof] . Tof] 5]:sfdf r9\g' clg o;/L afFRg ;ª\3if{ ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ;f]r p;df s;/L cfof] < k|Zg}k|Zg xf], p;n] cfˆg} 6fpsf] b'vfof] clg ;f]Rg 5f]8]/ pm ToxfFaf6 ;'?;'? lxF8\of] .

oxfF k'Ug'cufl8 p;n] Pp6f 5]:sf 5f]8]/ cfPsf] lyof] . Tof] 5]:sf] 5f]8]sf] pm cfk}mnfO{ kQ} ePg h;nfO{ 5f]8]/ pm k'?iffy{ dflg/x]sf] lyof] . jL/ef]Uof j;'Gw/fsf] uj{ p;df rl9/x]sf] lyof] . xf], p;n] Pp6LnfO{ k|]dhfndf

kFm;fP/ t[Kttf kfPkl5 nTofP/ cfPsf] lyof] . afxfgf j'mg} agfP/ kf;f] k'mTsfPsf] lyof] . To:tf] rl/qsf] gePsf] eP ljjfx x'g'cl3 zf/Ll/s ;DaGwdf ;xh} :jLs[lt hgfpFb}gYof] . p;sf] ts{sf] cufl8 pgL gfhjfkm ePsL lyOg\ . d'6'df 5]:sfsf] tfkn] pgL eSsflgPsL lyOg\ . s]xL kl5sf] s'/f xf], p;sf] ljjfx x'Fb} lyof] . Ps x'n dlxnfx¿ cfdGq0fljgf g} ljjfx :yn k'u] . Tof] x'ndf ;a}eGbf cufl8 p;sL k|]ldsf lyOg\ . 5]:sf cfuf] ag]/ aln/x]sf] lyof] . d08ksf] cfuf]eGbf klg bgbgL . p;sf] dgdf kl5 5]:sf k:of] h'g :jfefljs lyof] . t/ Tof] 5]:sfn] p;nfO{ arfPg . p;sf] hLjg} 8'Ag k'Uof] . p;n] otfplt x]¥of] . cfk'mnfO{ axFbf] ls/feGbf lga'{l4 dfGg yfNof] .

5]:sfo'j/fh d}gfnL

n3'syf

/rgf, cleJolQm, lzjk'/L ;Gb]z, hgdt, ;'n]v, zJbfª\s'/, sf}lzsL, >[ª\vnf, cIf/dfu{, hd36, gf/L:j/, /h:yn, skg afg]Zj/, bf]efg,

j}holGt, zAb;+of]hg, jlgtf, clegj cflb ;flxlTos klqsfx¿ ahf/df ;j{q pknAw 5g\ .

vf]hL vf]hL k9\g'xf];\ .

180 ÷ 40

cfhef]ln ltd|f] ;x/sf] df};d s:tf] 5 ;fyL

d]/f] ufpFsf] rf}tf/Ldf t 3fd gnfu]s} w]/}eof]

cfhef]ln ltd|f] ;x/sf] jftfj/0f s:tf] 5 s'lGg

d]/f] 3/sf] s/];faf/Lsf ;a} k'mnx¿ dl/;s]

ufpF3/sf sf};Laf6 k/ ;x/df x]bf{ w'Fjf p8]sf] b]v]F

st} d]/f] cfFvf sdhf]/ eof] ls ;fFRr} w'jfF xf]

olb w'jfF g} xf] eg] eg ;fyL ltd|f] cfFvf kf]Nof] kf]n]g

dgsf] s'/f] cfFvfn] af]Nof] af]n]g eg ;fyL af]Nof]] af]n]g

cfhef]ln ltd|f] ;x/df s:tf s'/f x'G5g

s'/f ubf{ ltd|f r'/f aH5g\ aHb}gg\

eg ;fyL s'/f ubf{ 5'/f rN5g\ rNb}gg\

oxfFt ufpFdf 5'/f eGbf wf/Lnf s'/f rN5g\

xftsf cf}Fnf gsf6]klg d'6' lr/f lr/f kfg]{ u/L s'/f rN5g\

eg ;fyL ltd|f] ;x/df kflg kfOG5 kfOFb}g

wf/fdf kflg cfpF5 cfpFb}g

;'G5' ltd|f] ;x/df dflg;x¿

sfsfs'n h:t} kfgLsf] vf]hdf t8\lkG5g\

oxfF t slxn]sf] afbn slxn]sf] kfgL

slxn] kFw]/f t slxn] vf]nf wfpFb}df

laTb} 5 lhGbufgL

eg ;fyL cfhef]ln ltd|f] ;x/sf] df};d s:tf] 5 ====

cfhef]ln ltd|f] ;x/sf] df};d /fh]Gb| yfkf …cs]nfÚ

sljtf

180 ÷ 41

;fFem rf/ aHof] ls ljdnsf] kmf]g cfOxfN5— æbfbf stf xf] < uNnL gDa/ cf7df cfO:of]g .Æ d ufpFdf a;]sf] ;do ljdn / d]/f] e]63f6sf] lgoldt k|lqmof g} xf] . of] k|lqmof rn]sf] klg nfdf] ;do eof] . ToxfF k'u]kl5 pm nufot w]/} ;fyLefOx¿;Fu e]63f6 / enfs';f/L x'G5 . ufpFb]lv s]Gb| / ;fdflhs ;d:ofb]lv /fhgLlt;Ddsf 7'nf / v'Nnf ax; x'G5 . slxn]sfxLF t ax;sf] qmd a9]/ ;fyLefOx¿ lar g} /ftf]lk/f] x'g];Ddsf] dfxf}n aG5 . yfxf 5}g o;n] s;nfO{ kmfObf s;nfO{ a]kmfObf x'G5 . t/ klg uNnL gDa/ cf7df ufpFsf] eb| enb\dLb]lv Jofkf/L, sd{rf/L, /fhgLlt ug]{b]lv ;a}sf] afSnf] / nfdf] pkl:ylt eg] eO/xG5 . cfd}sf] k;n, xjNbf/gL lbbLsf] lrof k;n, ktnL uNnL, uNnL gDa/ cf7 o; 7fpFsf gfd cflb s] s] x'g\ s] s] t/ klg cf7 gDa/sf] dxTTj cs}{ 5 . yfxf 5}g s;/L o;sf] gfd uNnL gDa/ cf7 x'g uof] . lrof k;naf6 leq k:g]

Pp6f uNnL eg] 5 . o;sf] lsg of] gfd /xg uof] < sf/0f s] xf] < eg]/ ljdnnfO{ klg w]/} k6s ;f]w]F t/ p;n] 7\ofSs} pQ/ eg] lbg ;s]g .

ljut rfln; jif{b]lv of] lrof k;n]n] oxfF :yfg kfPsf] 5 . slt ;do o;n] oxfF :yfg kfpg] xf] t/ Pp6f lglZrt ljz]iftfo'Qm s'/f rfFlx s] 5 eg] ljut rfln; jif{otf oxfF slt JolQmsf] cfudg eof] / k|:yfg eof] To;sf] n]vfhf]vf eg] x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . csf]{ ljz]iftf klg 5 Tof] s] eg] cd]l/sfdf s'g} 36gf 36] oxfF ax;sf] ljifo rfFlx aG5 . ;/sf/ k]mg]{b]lv cfh s;sf] aRrfsf] Gjf/fg lyof] eGg];Ddsf] s'/fn] lglZrt ¿kdf :yfg kfPs} x'G5g\ . hf8f] xf];\ of udL{ jf jiff{ . s'g} g s'g} ;do dflg;x¿n] ToxfF pkl:ylt hgfPs} x'G5g\ . jf:tjdf uNnL gDa/ cf7sf w]/} ljz]iftfx¿ 5g\ . ;an / b'a{n o;sf kIfx¿ w]/} 5g\ .

cfh rf/ aHof] t/ ljdnsf] kmf]g

uNnL gDa/ cf7 ;k"t sfsL{

syf

180 ÷ 42

cfPg . rf/af6 qmdzM kfFr, 5 x'Fb} ;fFem k/]/ /ft klg k¥of] . p;sf] kmf]g cfPg . lsg cfPg yfxf x'g ;s]g t/ kmf]g gcfPsf] sf/0f klg hfGg ;lsPg . hfGg gkfPsf] ckm;f]r t 5Fb} lyof], dgleq csf]{ Pp6f v'Nb'nLn] 3/ u¥of] . lsg kmf]g cfPg < o; s'/fsf] lk/nf] dgdf lnP/ vfgf vfP/ cf]5\ofgdf kN6]F . k'; dlxgfsf] hf8f]sf] sf/0f z/L/df lr;f] t 5Fb} lyof, dgdf klg lr;f] k¥of] . z/L/ / dgsf] lr;f] lnP/ 5n{Ë /ft sf6]F . laxfg ;a]/} lgTosd{ u/]/ k'u]F ToxLF . xl/, gj/fh, ljgf]b / k|bLk bfOnufot w]/} ;fyLx¿ lyP t/ ljdn lyPg .

xl/nfO{ ;f]w]F— æljdn b]lVbgF lg <Æ

æpm xfdL;Fu} lyof] lxhf] ;fFem;Dd, ;fob sf7df8f}F uof] xf]nf . lxhf] ltdLnfO{ kmf]g nufpg vf]h]sf] lyof], g]6js{ gePsfn] kmf]g nfu]g .Æ p;n] eGof] .

d em;Ë ePF . ælsg lg sf7df8f}F <Æ d}n] ;f]w]F .

xl/n] k|To'Q/ lbof]— æ;fob Jofkf/sf nflu pm aflx/ hfFb} 5 .Æ dgdg} g]6js{nfO{ ;/fk]F . uNnL gDa/ cf7sf lk|o ldq e]6 x'g g;s]sf]df ck;f]r klg nflu/x\of] . ;fob ca xfd|f] e]6 x'Fb}g xf]nf .

pm slxn] cfpF5 xf]nf < lsg ge]6L uof] < o:tf cg]s ts{gfx¿ dgdf cfO/x] . :jfefljs lyof] ts{gf / ljts{gf klg lsgls pd]/n] pm d]/f] efO eP tfklg Jojxf/ ;ª\utn] glhssf] ;fyL klg lyof] .

cfh cln rfF8} g} ltg ah]lt/ ux|'Ëf] dg lnP/ uNnLdf cfPF . kl/lrt sd / ckl/lrtx¿sf] le8 a9L lyof] . lrof vfg], ukm ug]{, lrof dfUg]nufotsf JolQmx¿sf] e'm08 e'm08n] :yfg kfPsf] lyof] t/ d eg] cln lbSs d'8df lyP lsgls d]/f] ldqsf] pkl:ylt slt ;do;Ddsf] nflu gx'g] xf] yfxf lyPg .

slt ;do eof] eg]/ o;f] df]afOnsf] 38Ldf ;do x]/]F, rf/ aHg nfu]sf] /x]5 . ;do x]/]/ df]afOn uf]hLdf dfq} s] /fv]sf] lyPF, df]afOnsf] 306L aHg ;'? eof] . …x]nf]Ú eg]F . k|To'Q/ cfof], …bfbf Û sxfF xf]Ol;G5 <Ú d v';Ln] pk|]Fm / eg]F, æljdn, ltdL sxfF 5f} < sf7df8f}F sltv]/ k'Uof} of/ < hfg] a]nfdf sd;]sd e]6]/ t hfg'k5{ lgÆ .

olt w]/} d]/f k|Zgx¿ ljdnsf nflu t]l;{of] ls p;n] s]xL eGg] df}sf g} kfPg . cGtdf eGof], …bfbf, d uNnL gDa/ cf7 cfpFb} 5', l7s rf/ ah] .Æ

180 ÷ 43

lgoldt tflnsfcg';f/ pm cfOk'Uof] . d}n] k|Zg u/]F— æxl/ t eGb} lyof] ltdL t sf7df8f}F hfFb} 5f} eg]/ .Æ p;n] eGof], æxf] bfbf, d ;fob cfh ;fFem sf7df8f}F hfG5' . lxhf] xh'/nfO{ kmf]g ug{ vf]h]F, g]6js{ geP/ kmf]g x'g ;s]g . d]/f] lxhf] g} sf7df8fF} hfg] sfo{qmd eP tfklg xh'/nfO{ ge]6L s;/L hfg' eg]/ a;]F .Æ

v';Ln] ljdnnfO{ cFufnf] df/]/ eg]F, …of/, lsg sf7df8f}F hfFb} 5f} <Æ

p;n] eGof], æbfbf, d sf7df8f}Faf6 aflx/ hfFb} 5' . d ca s]xL ;do pt} a:5' . d]/f dfG5]x¿ klg ToxfF 5g\ . Tot} Jofkf/df ;xof]u u5'{ / Jofkf/ a9fpF5' .Æ

dgdg} ljdnsf] of]hgf / ;f]rfO b]v]/ v';L nfUof] . k|ultsf] af6f]df nfUg nfu]sf]df z'e sfdgf klg lbPF . ljdnn] …lbbL, xfdLnfO{ b'O{ sk lrofÚ eGof] . lbbLn] xfdLnfO{ lrof lbOg\ . lrof lnP/ Ps ;'sf]{ dfq} s] nufPsf lyof}F, uNnL gDa/ cf7sf lgoldt ;b:ox¿ xl/, gj/fh, ljgf]b / k|bLk bfOsf] pkl:ylt eof] . c¿ ;a} ;fyLx¿n] ljdnnfO{ b]v]/ cfZro{ JoQm u/] . k|bLk bfOn] k|Zg u/], …ltdL t lxh} sf7df8f}F hfg] sfo{qmd lyof] x}g / <

cfh t oxLF b]Vb} 5'Ú . ljdnn] pQ/ lbof], …xf], lxhf] hfg] ;f]rfO t lyof] t/ bfbfnfO{ ge]6L hfg dg nfu]g, To;}n] a;] . cfh hfG5', l6s6 lg lnO;s]F .Æ ljdnn] dflysf jfSox¿ Ps} ;f;df elg;Sof] .

xl/n] eGof], æof/, To;f] eP xfd|f] uNnLsf] lgoldt / ;lqmo ;b:o t 36g] eof] lg .Æ ljgf]b / gj/fhn] xl/sf] s'/fdf ;xL yfk] . k|bLk bfO eg] s]xL af]Ng'ePg . pxfF cln sd af]Ng] / uDeL/ d'b|fsf] dfG5] x'g'x'G5 t/ af]ln;s]kl5 cfˆgf] s'/fdf lh2L lng] vfnsf] dfG5] x'g'x'G5 . xfdL ;a} pxfFsf] :jefj;Fu kl/lrt 5f}F . To;}n] lrQ ga'e]m klg xfdL vf;} pxfFsf] s'/f;Fu k|ltjfb ub}{gfF} . pxfFsf] dfg /flvlbPsf]df dVv kg'{x'G5 / xfdLnfO{ :g]x klg ug'{x'G5 .

k|bLk bfOn] ;f]Wg'eof], æP ljdn, ltd|f] a; slt ah]sf] xf] <Æ ljdnn] eGof], æbfbf, gf} ah]sf] xf], vfgf vfP/ hfG5' .Æ ljdn k|foM cfkm"eGbf h]7f dfG5]x¿nfO{ bfbf eg]/ ;Daf]wg u5{ . k|bLk bfOn] k]ml/ yKg'eof], …n efO cfh hfFb} 5f} ca k]ml/ slt ;dokl5 3/ cfpF5f}, cfhsf] lrofsf] k};f d]/f] eof] . ;a}nfO{ Ps k6s k]ml/ lrof dufpFÚ .Æ ljdn

180 ÷ 44

s/fof], …lbbL, 5 sk lrofÚ . lrofsf] ;'sf]{;Fu} sxfF hfg], lsg] hfg], slxn] 3/ cfpg], xfd|f] ;Dks{ s;/L ug]{, aflx/ hfg] of]hgf s;/L aGof] nufotsf ljifodf nfdf] 5nkmn eof] . ljgf]bn] lar lardf aflx/ a:bf ckgfpg'kg]{ ;hutfsf] af/]df klg nfd} JofVof u¥of] . pm o; dfdnfdf cln xf]l;of/ klg 5 . gj/fhn] :jf:Yosf] Vofn /fVg]b]lv vfglkg;Ddsf af/]df pkb]zfTds k|jrg lbof] . xl/ klg s] sd lyP / . ljleGg n]vs / k':tssf] gfd lnP/ cWoog ug]{ / ufpFdf ev{/ v'n]sf] a's a}+ssf nflu cfpFbf oL oL k':tsx¿ lnP/ cfpg" eg]/ ln:6 g} xftdf ydfof] . xfF;f], 7§f, /dfOnf] / pkb]zn] ;do uPsf] yfxf g} ePg . emdSs ;fFem k/]kl5 ljdn cflQFb} eGof], æcf]xf] Û d t ca 3/ hfg'k5{ . vfgf vfg], emf]nf l7s kfg]{nufotsf ljljw sfdx¿ afFsL g} 5g\ .Æ

k|bLk bfOn] cfb]zfTds tl/sfn] eGg'eof], æxf], ca ljdnnfO{ hfg lbg'k5{, tof/L klg t ug'{k¥of] lg . xfdL ;a}n] ljdnfO{ kfn}kfnf] cFufnf] df¥of}F . ;a}n] z'e sfdgf / z'eofqf eGof}F . ljdn s]xL efj's eof] . xl/n] k|:tfj /fVof], …

xfdL hf] hxfF eP klg uNnL gDa/ cf7sf] ;Demgf /flv/fvf}F .Ú ljgf]b / gj/fhn] xl/;Fu} ;xLdf ;xL ldnfP . ljgf]bn] yKof], ætF hxfF eP klg xjNbf/gL lbbLsf] lrof k;n, xjNbf/gL lbbL / xfdLnfO{ glj;{g" lsgeg] xfd|f] ldqtfsf] alnof] cfwf/ g} of] lrof k;n xf] . o;} k;nn] xfd|f] /fhg}ltsb]lv Jofj;flos / Jojxfl/s;Ddsf s'/fx¿ ldnfPsf] 5 .Æ ljdn dlng xfF;f] b]vfP/ k'gM xft ldnfP/ cfˆgf] eljiosf] uGtJosf nflu xfdL;Fu 5'l§P/ uof] .

xfd|f] e]63f6 / lrof ukm clxn] klg uNnL gDa/ cf7df lg/Gt/ rln/x]sf] 5 . o;df s]xL ;fyLx¿ 5'6\g] / s]xL gofF ;fyLx¿ ylkg] qmd klg rln/x]sf] 5 . ljdn aflx/ uPsf] klg nfdf] ;do eO;Sof] . ljdn;Fu d]/f] lg/Gt/ kmf]g / k]m;a'sdf clxn] klg e]6 eO/xG5 . p;n] aflx/ hfg] / Jofkf/ ug]{ ;f]r klg ToxLF agfPsf] /x]5 . of] e]b p;n] aflx/ uPkl5 dfq dnfO{ vf]Nof] . pm Jofkf/df d:t / ;kmntfsf ;fy hld/x]5 . rf/ aHof] ls nfU5 ca ljdnsf] kmf]g cfpF5 / xfd|f] uNnL gDa/ cf7df e]63f6 x'G5 .

rGb|lgufxk'/, /f}tx6

180 ÷ 45

d

hlGdPs} lbgklg

w]/} dfG5]x¿sf] d[To' ePsf] x'g'k5{

xf]Og eg] d]/f] 3/5]psf] vf]nf

/ftf] x'g'df

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