collantes-fernández e ,rojo-montejo s , moreno-gonzalo ja ...€¦ · collantes-fernández...

Grupo SALUVET [email protected]

http://www.ucm.es/info/saluvet/

Collantes-Fernández Ea, Rojo-Montejo Sb, Moreno-Gonzalo Ja, Sánchez-Sanchez Ra, Osoro Kb, Ortega-Mora LM a.

aSALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences,

Complutense University of Madrid, Spain. b SERIDA, Área de Sistemas de Producción Animal, Spain

mailto:[email protected]


Grupo SALUVET [email protected] http://www.ucm.es/info/saluvet/

EEC Directives Requirements for trade in

bovine semen

Listed disease

BonDurant, 2005; Rae & Crews, 2006

Endemic disease in areas: - Extensive management

- Natural mating

Argentina Costa Rica California Florida

28% 18% 16% 30%

Erradicated in dairy cattle

- Artificial insemination (AI) - Effective control programms

Bovine Trichomonosis (BT)

Sexually transmitted disease (STD) considered an important cause of early

reproductive failure in cattle




Expansion of extensively managed beef herds

(CAP reforms, green thinking …)

Re-emergence of BT

BT in Spain

Source: MAGRAMA, 2011

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011

Cat

tle

ce

nsu

s (x

10

00

)

Years

Beef cattle

Dairy cattle

Cat

tle

cen

sus

(x1

00

0)

Natural breedingShared

bulls

Shared grazing

Lack of bulltesting for STD

Main risk factors for BT





SALUVET: Spanish reference laboratory

BT in Spain

Fig 2. Collection of preputial smegma samples and diagnostic methods for BT

Trichotomy and cleaningthe preputial area

Preputial massage

Scrape the preputial mucosa

Wash thescraper in

PBS

Add toculturemedias

Transportinmediately

without cooling

Culture and PCR

- Culture and PCR - Optimization and validation of

methods (Mendoza-Ibarra et al., 2012) Increased in the BT diagnosis



http://www.google.es/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=magrama&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=cjfisERVGtvPCM&tbnid=GQqsIrJplOOSoM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.compostaenred.org/proyectos/JonadasBarcelona2012/jornadasbarcelona.htm&ei=1DUaUbOvMuTH0QWPq4CYCQ&bvm=bv.42261806,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNEKlxBeJzuna8yJymqJ4FRJW0LkhQ&ust=1360758587625165



(Collantes-Fernandez, et al., 2015)

15.07%(133/491)

30.8%(36/117)

16,9%(217/1272)

Infe

cted

bu

lls(%

)

2009-2010 2011-2012 2013-2014

Results of bovine trichomonosis diagnosis in breeding bulls

BT in Spain

15.1% 16.9%





0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2009-20102011-2012

2013-2014

28.9%(15/52)

13%(47/360)

14.2%(101/710)

32.3% (21/65)

20.6%(27/131)

18.1%(176/974)

Dehesa system

Mountain system


Mountain areas - Central and Northern Spain - Traditional cow-calf farms - Highland grazing areas

‘Dehesa’ areas

- South Western Spain - Agro-silvopastoral systems

-Fenced grazing areas

Management systems





Prevalence

Bulls 13/327

Herds 12/229

Random sampling in representative beef cattle breeds kept in extensive conditions in mountain areas

(RTA2009-00136-C02; Mendoza-Ibarra et al., 2012, 2013)

Prevalence

Bulls 29/103

Herds 38/65

31.1%

41.5%

Asturiana de la Montaña

Asturiana de los Valles

4.0 %

5.2 %

BT in Spain

The prevalence of BT is likely to vary depending on how the cattle are managed (AI, bull age, communal lands and shared bulls)

Mendoza-Ibarra et al., 2012, 2013




http://www.ucm.es/info/saluvet/ <<<<<<<<<< Collantes-Fernández et al., 2014

Parameter

Infected herds

Non-infected herds

Differences (infected vs

non-infected Mean SEM Mean SEM

Calving interval (days) 500.6 8.9 421 5.2 +79.5 (P<0.05)

Cow-in-calf (%) 63.8 3.16 80.9 2.85 -17.2 % (P<0.05)


Reproductive impact





January-May: - Non-infected 88.5% (469/530) - Infected: 72.55% (304/419) (P<0.0001)

Parameter

Infected herds

Non-infected herds

Differences (infected vs

non-infected Mean SEM Mean SEM

Calving date 4

May 95.5 days

30 March

62.5 days

+ 35 days


Jan

Feb

Mar

chApril

May

June Ju

lyAug

SepO

ctNov

Dec

0

10

20

30

Infected

Non-infected

Calv

ing

perc

en

tag

e

*

*

*

*

*

*

Distribution of the calving percentages by month




Economic impact


↓25-28 kg ↓53€ /calf

68.7 %

32.9%

9.6%

26.2 % 8 %

18 %

BT could reduce income by 68.7%, with a reduced calf crop and an excess of days open as the main causes of economic losses.





Options for BT control Testing and culling policy (voluntary)

No effective therapy No commercial vaccines

Natural breeding

Shared bulls

Shared grazing

BT control in Spain

Efficacy of a control program based on testing and culling infected bulls in beef cattle managed under mountain pastoral systems of Northern Spain


BT: 41.5%





↓59 days

↑ 17.7% ↓98 days

↑ 17.7%

IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTROL MEASURES

Testing and culling of infected bulls in two consecutive years

Testing and culling of infected bulls was an effective measure to improve reproductive efficiency





Before culling

After culling (1st year)

32 %

12.7% 13.6 %

Incidence 22.7 %

Prevalence


After culling (2nd year)

The testing and culling policy does not seem to be effective enough to control BT





CONCLUSIONS

Importance of BT in extensively managed beef cattle in Spain

A significant deleterious effect on reproductive efficiency was found as a consequence of T. foetus infection

Need for implementation of regular monitoring programs of the bulls and control measures for BT

T. foetus infection reduced income in infected herds




The real importance of this disease in Europe is unknown

EU

Su

ckle

r co

ws

Sources: EUROSTAT E-25

More studies should be accomplished in Europe to investigate BT in

geographical areas and cattle where natural breeding is practised

Rural development policy 2007-2013

Future



Acknowledgement Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Members of SALUVET group and Animal Production Systems group from SERIDA Projects RTA2009-00136-C02, MAGRAMA no. 2013002000802, PLATESA S20137ABI-2906 and

CYTED-PROTOZOOVAC. We also express our gratitude to veterinarians and farmers

Thermo Fisher Scientific and its affiliates are not endorsing, recommending, or promoting any use or application of Thermo Fisher Scientific products presented by third parties during this seminar. Information and materials presented or provided by third parties are provided as-is and without warranty of any kind, including regarding intellectual property rights and reported results. Parties presenting images, text and material represent they have the rights to do so.

Thank you very much for your attention

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