co conies i are gist ros

7/23/2019 Co Conies i Are Gist Ros

1/74

1

S

, , ,

, , , .

D

: P E , R G , D , N , S R

.

L S

A

.

C

,

.

F F C

S .

E ,

; ,

,

, .

L ,

.


2/74

2

L :

A .

A ,

.

L

. L ,

,

;

- . A

,

.

L

. L

. L .

L ,

,

. U

.

E ,

. P ( wtS

) ,

,

( weS ) .

C

( e ) ( , ) ,

( weS

) ,


3/74

3

. E

.

E F

( weS ) ,

: D (

5 0 ) , C ( 5 0 ) , C

( 5 0 ) , A , S , F , D ( 8 0 ) . E

P , R G , D , L ,

N , S R (

) .

L ,

,

, 0 1 ,

:

t

p

V

V=

I . 1

pV

tV

E

. E e


4/74

4

E

. E t

t =

S ,

, . E

pot

E ( , )

, .

L .

o

E . T

, , ,

o

S ( )

.

L :

1 .

A ( , , . )

S ,

,

I . 1

S ,

.

2 .

C

E


5/74

5

3 . A .

4 . G ; .

5. Solucin de minerales por accin del agua.

L

. E A P I

,

. E k.

L

,

.

L 1

1 1 . L ,

, ( ) .

Cbico Ortorrmbico

Romboedral Hexagonal

Tetragonal

Empaquetamiento

de los granos


6/74

6

L ,

, ,

( )

.

L ,

. L

( A , 1 9 9 6 )

L

, - / = - ( m

)

,

, ,

,

. E .

E . E

S

S

Matriz no conductivaAgua de

formacinconductiva

Corrienteelctrica

Corrienteelctrica


7/74

7

A ,

.

E . C

( wS )

1 0 0 % .

A

.

F A

t

wn

wR

FRS = F A I . 7

t

ww

R

FRS =

I . 8

C 1 0 0 % ,

I . 9 , =

wFR

oR

.

t

ow

R

RS =

I . 9

L

, ,

,


8/74

8

. C

S ( wirrS

E , oS . C

( ) :

p

hy

hyV

VS =

I . 1 0

hyS

hyV

pV

S

, 1 0 0 % .

L :

oS= 1 -

wS I . 1 1

E

,

( ) .

S

, .

mR

E

:


9/74

9

. L

,

, .

mcR

,

,

( ) ,

.

mfR

xoR

E ,

.

,

.

tR

wR


10/74

10

( )

Lodo

Rs

Capa adyacente

hmc

dh

Sw

Rw

Rt

Zona virgen

Zona detransicin

Zonainvadida

Rs

Capa adyacente

didj

dh

h

rj

Sxo

Rmc

Enjarre

Rxo

Rmf

Rmm

Resistividad de la zonaResistividad de la zona (solo fluido)

Saturacin de agua en la zona


11/74

11

R

. R

, ,

.

M

R

R

R

P

L , .

L :

E

M

G

G

L

.

C

:

P

L

D


12/74

12

I ,

.

E

.

E ;

.

L

. L

.

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

L ,

.

L

- ;

.

L

,

.

.

. .

.

E . A

:


13/74

13

N

N

E

U

C

D :

o P

o F

o D

o T

o N .

O

D ( )

E ( , ,

, )

C

E 3 4

, .

; ,

.

( )


14/74

14

E

,

.

L ( ) 1 0 2 0

, ,

.

L 1 .

L

L

E

S .

E P E E S S P ( S S P )

P E

S S P = - K

w

mf

R

R E N I I . 1

mfR

wR

TK += 24.065 S T C I I . 2


15/74

15

TK += 133.061 S T F I I . 3

P E P - ,

t

xo

R

R

I I . 4

xoR

tR

( ) ( ) 1001% =SSP

PSPVsh I I . 5

G A

( )

RMF > > Rw

Arenas arcillosasgruesas con agua

Arena gruesalimpia hmeda

SSP = - K % log (/ Rw)

SSP

SP

PSP

SP

PSP

Arena delgada

Arena gruesalimpia con Gas

Arenas arcillosasgruesas con Gas

RMF = Rw

RMF > Rw

RMF < Rw

RMF > > Rw

Linea base

de lutitas

- +


16/74

16

. .

. . . .

. .

L ,

: , . R R

G

.

L G R 1 , S P . L

0 1 0 0 0 1 5 0 A P I ( A P I H

T , U S A ) , 1 / 2 0 0

,

, A P I .

L

: T ( T ) , U ( U ) P ( K ) . E

. P

2 0 3 0 R G ,

. C

.

L S G R ( S G R ) ,

A P I .

L C G R ( C G R ) G R U

A P I (

U ) .

E ,

R G ( I I . 3 ) ,

C C C L ( C C L )


17/74

17

.

L E R G

- .

( , ) ( ) ,

.

E E R G N ,

R G ,

, T U

( ) P ( 1 %

1 0 0 0 0 ) .

E G R ,

,

E R G N C G R G R

U .

E C G R , P

U

. E T .

D ,

G R .

D .

E R G ,

.

I .

E :


18/74

18

( )minmax

minlog%

GRGR

GRGRIsh

=

I I . 6

shI

logGR

maxGR %

minGR

%

( )1233.0 2 = shIshV - ( ) I I . 7

( )12083.0 7.3 = shIshV ( ) I I . 8

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

E R G ,

I I . 9 , ( I I . 1 0 )

( )minmax

minlog

ThTh

ThThtVsh

= I I . 9

maxTh %

minTh

logTh

( )tVsh


19/74

19

. .

. . . .

. .

R ( F . I I . 4 ) .

G

( ) .

A -

,

efP

( C L . , 1 9 9 7 ) .

0 40 80 120 160 200 0 16 32 0 4 8

U

Th

RAYOS GAMA(radiactividad natural)

API

Lutita

Arenisca

Caliza

F F FF F

M M MM

M M M

Caolinita

Montmorillonita

Iliita

Lutitanegra

Lnea base delutitas

Glauconita

carbn

Minerales dearcilla

Arenisca

Grupos de mineralespesados

Lutita

K

REGISTROS

DE GR ESPECTRAL

Arena fina

Con lutita

Conmateria

orgnica

U (ppm) K (%)

Th (ppm)


20/74

20

E

,

, , .

P

.

E C ( C )

,

N .

N 1 . 9 5 2 . 9 5 / 2 3 .

L 3 0 ,

. A

,

.

.

. .

.

L :

( I I . 1 ) . E

,

C . L

,

.

.


21/74

21

.

. .

.

N , N

,

.

L ,

. U

( ) .

L ( 0 . 5 0 /

1 . 8 0 / ) . E

.

. . . .

C

D

C I .

P

. - .

. . - .

. . - .

. . - .


22/74

22

S ( )

, .

( ) mamafb V += I I . 1 1

maV+= 1 I I . 1 2

b (

f

ma

D :

fma

bma

=

I I . 1 3

( ) shshmamafb VV ++= roca con arcilla II. 14

sh

shV


23/74

23

( )

( C L . , 1 9 9 7 )

2.

9

Baja

compactacin

2.65g/cm

2.71g/cm

2.54g/cm

2.87 g/cm

2.68 g/cm

(Efecto del gas)

2.32 g/cm

Densidad muyvariable

2-2.8 g/cm

1.2-1.5 g/cm

2.03 g/cm

2.95 g/cm

2.49g/cm

1.7 1.9

2.1

2.3 2.5 2.

7

Lutita

Arenisca

Caliza

Lutita

Lutita

Anhidrita

Sal

Arenisca

Dolomita

Lutita

Cuarcita

compacta

2.9

Esc:g/cm


24/74

24

E

eP ,

, .

E

.

E

. L eP 2 6 7 /

eP

6 / .

L U ,

,

.

mamamf UvUU += log I I . 1 5

logU

mfU

(

mf

U

mav 10 mav

maU

(

8.138.4 mav

C ,

:

mav+= 1 I I . 1 6

E

e

,

.


25/74

25

E P E F 5 0 - 6 0 ,

.

L ,

22410 cm

L 3

4 . L 0 - 2 0 0 - 1 5 .

A .

L

, . eP

, U

.

L , eP


26/74

26

. ( . , )

L . S

. E

. L

8

3.0 - 5.0

Ndulos de Siderita

Con barita,extremadamente alta

1.80

1.70

4.9

3.5

5.08

=1.70

3.143.05

=1.68

+.18

4.65

Lutita

0 2 4 6 10 12

Variable, depende en composicinno en textura

6-8

Lutita

Cuarcita

Caliza

Arenisca

Dolomita

Lutita

Lutita +Siderita

Sal

Carbn

pobrementeCompacta

Compacta

Lutita

Arenisca

Esc:Barns/Electrn


27/74

27

,

.

L ,

,

,

,

,

( ) .

L

:

N 1 0 0

N 1 0 0 1 0 0

N 0 . 0 2 5 1 0 0

N 0 . 0 2 5 .

L

( ) ,

- ( M =

610 ) .

G 2 3 4 5

1 5 ( ) .

L ,

. L

,

, :


28/74

28

1 . :

. N ,

.

2 . , ,

.

L

. S ,

.

L

. L

, . D

:

L

.

L , ,

.

D .

L , .

C .

C N L . R N ( )


29/74

29

.

( . , )

GR

API

60

600 100

Porosidad de areniscas enDENSIDAD0

Porosidad de arenisca delCNL 0

Arena limpia

Formacin

limpia

Arena

limpia

Arena

arcillosa

Lutita

CNLd


30/74

30

. ( . ,

)

E ( t ) ,

,

,

.

E

. L P

,

.

L 1 0 - 4 0 H (

H ) 1 0 , 0 0 0 - 4 0 , 0 0 0 .

45 30 15 0 -15

45 30 15 0 -15

Porosidad de caliza de

DENSIDAD

Porosidad de caliza delCNL

GRAPI

Sal

Arenisc

a

Caliza

Dolomita

Anhidrita

Lutita

CNL

d


31/74

31

L ( )fts / ,

( t ) 4 0 fts / 1 4 0 fts / ,

. L ( 1 / )

/ .

L

2 3 ,

3 . E ( T T I )

,

,

, 1 0

.

E

, 2 . 5 2 5 .

,

L

2 ( 6 1 . )

L ,

, .

A ,

. E

, , , .


32/74

32

E

.

I

( ) , ,

.

U ,

,

,

,

.

.

E

, . E

.

E ,

.

P

. E

.

maL VVV

+=

11 I I . 1 8

R 1 / ( I I . 1 9 )

t ; t

, .

( ) maL

ttt += 1 I I . 1 9


33/74

33

, .

LV

maV

t

Lt

mat

P ,

0 . 7 - 0 . 8 , .

S ,

.


34/74

34

t

E . L

,

.

+ + + + + + +

+ + + + + + +

40

+ +

Valores considerablementevariables de

60 a 170 s/ft

57s/ft

52s/ft

140 120 100 80 60

Lutita

Areniscacompacta

Calizacompacta

DolomitaCompacta

Lutita

Arenenisca

Lutita

Carbn

Anhidrita

Sal

Anhidrita

Lutita

Lutita

44s/ft

80s/ft

66.7s/ft

50s/ft

100-140s/ft

Esc: s/ft

Gas


35/74

35

L ,

. C

,

.

E

,

, .

.

L (

) ,

, .

E

. S ,

/ .

R ( / ) =

dadconductivi

x10001( / ) I I . 2 0

E 2 2

3 . L 0 . 2 0 - 2 0 / 0 . 2 - 2 0 0 0 /

2 3 .

L ,

,

. C

.

E

, .


36/74

36

E

, ; , ,

, , .

C

wS

, 1 0 0 % .

1 - wS = hcS I I . 2 2

hcS

wo RFR =

o

t

R

RI= I I . 2 3

E A .

t

wn

wR

RFS

=

I I . 2 4

wS

ow RRF =

t

ow

R

RS =2 I I . 2 5

L :


37/74

37

t

ow

R

RS =

t

w

R

RF I I . 2 6

E A

t

ww

R

RS

=

15.2

62.0

E I I . 2 7

10 1000 10 0000

profunda

somera

1 100

Lutita

Areniscaporosa

Lutita

Arenisca

Arenisca

Lutita

AreniscaComp.

Lutita

Lutita

Lutita

Arenisca

Agua salada

Agua dulce

Agua salada

Profunda

Somera

Esc: Ohm/ m

Gas

Aceite


38/74

38

,

.

E

, ,

.

.

E ,

,

.

.

:

1 .

A

.

2 .

.

A

:

;

( )


39/74

39

,

.

;

.

; ( C )

.

:

1 .

2 .

G ,

.

E III. 1 ( wR )

( oR

) . E ( )

( F * ) ,

wR,

wRF

1.

,

( . 1 ) , ( ) ,

.

. 1 . ( wR )

( oR ) 3 1 . 6 %

( , 1 8 ) .

10

1.0

0.10.01 0.1 1.0 3.3 10

Rw

Ro

Arena limpia F=10

Arena arcillosa


40/74

40

N . E . 1

( wR ) .

:

1 .

; ,

, .

2 . E

.

. E ;

,

, .

( 2 . 6 5 / ) ,

.

E

,

.

(

wtS > 0 % ) ,

,

( weS


41/74

41

, . 1 .

/

( )av /

%

0 . 8 - 1 . 5 0 . 2 4 2 . 4 5 , , 0 . 1 6 2 - 5 1 4 - 2 4

0 . 1 - 0 . 4 0 . 2 4 2 . 6 5 , , , 4 . 5 1 . 5 2

0 - 0 . 1 0 . 5 1 2 . 8 , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

0 . 0 3 - 0 . 0 6 0 . 3 6 2 . 6 5 - - - - - - - 0 . 4 2 1 . 5 - 3 6 - 1

. 1 . ( , 1 8 )

)(av

( C E C )

,

.

( N

+) (

OH2 )

,

N

+

. N

+ ( . . 2 )

C E C ( 1 = -

20106 ) .

, (

)

.

( C E C )

.


42/74

42

. 2 ( ,

1 8 )

.

.

,

. O ( F )

( C ) .

. 1 ,

.

:

Esquema dela molcula

de agua

Planoexterior deHelmholtz

AGUA

Agua dehidratacin

Xh

Cristal dearcilla

Agua absorbida

Ion desodio

H

HO


43/74

43

( . ) ,

,

.

E

( )shV .

P 0 %

0 % 6 0 % ;

5 0 % . E 0 % 0 %

.

E ,

( . C ) .

. A

.

.

( . D ) . E

.

E 1 5 - 2 0 % ,

( )

. D


44/74

44

, ( . ) ,

( . C ) . E

,

.

. 3 . ( , 1 8 )

.

.

. E

( . ) .

.

E (

)

.

.

E - ( )

.

Arena limpiaLutita laminar

(arcilla detrtica)

Arcilla estructural(arcilla detrtica)

Arcilla dispersa(arcilla autgena)

a. b.

c. d.


45/74

45

. 4 . .

( , 1 8 ) .

P .

E

.

E ( clV ) ,

.

1 .

G ( G ) : .

2 . P E ( P ) :

P .

Pore-linningPoro revestido (clorita)

Partculas sin conexin(caolinita)

Pore-bridgingPoro en forma de puente (ilita)

Granos

de arena

a.

b.

c.

Granosde arena

Granosde arena


46/74

46

. N - D ;

,

.

D

. C .

minmax

minlog

GRGR

GRGRI

GR

=

G . 1

[ ]0.1233.0

2=

GRI

clV V . 2

( )0.12083.0

7.3=

GRI

clV V .

GRI

logGR ( )

minGR ( )

maxGR ( )

SSP

PSPVcl = 0.1 V .

clV

( )

( )


47/74

47

( )

( )dshnsh

dn

clV

=

V . 5

clV

n

d

nsh

dsh

E

.

, ( clV )

- ,

.

( C E C )

.

G

,

.

D ( clV )

.

, N - D :

=

maf

mashcl

shmaf

ma

ett

ttV

ttt

tt 100log . 6

e ( )

logt ( )


48/74

48

mat

ft ( 1 1 5 )

sht

clV

=

fma

shmacl

fma

bmae V

D .

clV

e ( )

ma

b

f ( 1 . 0 1 . 1 )

sh

C N - D ( D , 1 9 8 )

( )nshclnnc V = . 8

( )dshclddc V = . 9

( )

2

dcnce

+= P . 1 0

( ) 21

22

2

= dcnce

P . 1 1

e ( )

n

d

clV

nc

dc

nsh


49/74

49

dsh

.

( wtS ) ( weS )

,

( , ) .

E . 2

,

.

1 0

1 0

1 0

1 0

-

1 0


50/74

50

-

A

,

( ) :

( )( )

m

xo

xomf

tS

RRa1

2

/

=

. 1 2

t ( )

mfR

xoR

xoS

a 0 . 1 , 2 . 0

a 0 . 6 2 , 2 . 1 5

xoS

- - - - - 0 - 0

0 - 0 0 -

2 0 - 0 0 - 0

1 0 - 2 0 0 - 0

P .

( )clte V= 1 . 1

e

t

clV


51/74

51

D ( t ) ( e ) ,

( weS )

.

P

2tshb RR = . 1

bR

shR

t ( )

1 0 0 % ( 0.1=

wS ) ,

bR ( )

wR .

( )

( )[ ] }{ 21 tclbclwwb

oVRVR

RRR

+

= . 1 5

a 1 2 . 0

oR ( tR )

bR

wR

clV

t

21

=

t

owe

R

RS . 1 6


52/74

52

weS

( )

oR

tR ( )

E

( tR ) ( t )

,

. ( weS

) :

21

=

t

w

m

t

weR

RaS

. 1

a 0 . 1 ,

m 2 . 0

a 0 . 6 2 ,

m 2 . 1 5

wR

tR ( )

weS

t

,

A 1 9 5 0

.

,

( tR )

( s ) :


53/74

53

21

2

81.0

=

t

w

s

weR

RS

. 1 8

shmaf

ma

sttt

tt

=

100log . 1 9

=

maf

mash

cl

shmaf

ma

ett

ttV

ttt

tt 100log

. 2 0

s ( )

wR

tR ( )

e

weS

logt ( )

ft

mat

sh

t

clV

sht

100 ,

.

1 9 6 . E

( t ) . E D

.

.


54/74

54

q = ( )

s

ds

. 2 1

s ( )

d

:

q

qq

R

R

St

w

s

we

+

=

1

22

8.02

2 . 2 2

weS

s ( )

wR

tR ( )

( shR ) ( clV )

( ) .

P :

=

fma

shmacl

fma

bmae V

. 2

e

ma

b

f

sh

clV


55/74

55

E ,

D

( s > d ) .

(

D ) , :

( )

t

etq

=

. 2

s

claVq

= . 2 5

( )cld

cl

aV

aVq

+=

. 2 6

clV

t

e

d

s

a 0 . 3 5

a 0 . 2 5

E 1 9 0

N - D . D

. 2 . 2 8

3 . 3 . 5

3 . 3 . 5 3 . 3 . 5

3 . 3 . 5

( 1 3 )

( 1 3 ) ( 1 3 )

( 1 3 )

+

=

sh

cl

sh

cl

tw

e

e

wwe

R

V

R

V

RR

RCS

22

2

5

. 2

weS

e


56/74

56

shR

wR

tR ( )

clV

0 . 4 0

0 . 4 5

N D . 8 ,

. 9 , . 1 0 . 1 1

3 . 3 .

3 . 3 . 3 . 3 .

3 . 3 .

+=

22

12

clcl

t

w

d

we

VaVa

R

RS

. 2 8

weS

d

wR

tR ( )

clV

a 0 . 2 5

a 0 . 3 5

0 . 1

t

w

R

R

(

e)

.

F :

1 .

E


57/74

57

2 . ,

. C

.

C ( C E C ) V ( clV ) ,

,

.

3 . 3 .

3 . 3 . 3 . 3 .

3 . 3 .

.

. .

.

P :

1 .

1 .1 .

1 .

(

( (

( clV )) ))

2 .2 .2 .2 .

( ) .

( ) . ( ) . ( ) .

C . 8 . 9

Granosde arena

Granos

de arena

Granos

de arena

Partculasde arcilla

Swt = Sw + Sd

Sw (Rw)

Sb (Rb)

Sh

e

t


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58

bS wS

3 .3 .3 .3 .

.

. . .

C D - N ,

. 1 0 . 1 1

4 .

4 .4 .

4 . . . .

.

( ) nshdshtsh += 1 . 2 9

0 . 5 1 . 0

dsh

nsh

5 .

5 .5 .

5 .

.

. .

.

tshclet V += . 0

t

tshclb

VS

=

. 1

bS

t

e

clV

tsh

. . . .


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59

2

tshshb RR = donde:

bR

shR

tsh

. . . .

.

. . .

2

ttwa RR = .

waR

tR

t

.

. .

.

.

. .

.

++=

wa

wwt

R

RbbS 2 .

wtS

wR

waR

2

1

= b

wb

R

RS

b . 5

.

. .

.

.

. .

.

( )

( )b

bwtwe

S

SSS

=

1 . 6

weS

wtS


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60

bS

4 . 1

4 . 14 . 1

4 . 1

P

C

-

--

-

V

- , (

) , 0 0 0 1 0 0 ,

: G , , , N , D

C .

GR (API)

CALI (in)

ILD (ohm-m)

DT (us/ft)Nphi (V/V)Rhob (gm/c) 140 401.95 2.95

0.45 -0.150.2 200

0.2 200ILM (ohm-

m)

0.0 120

4 14


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61

C 0 5 5 G -

, E

-


62/74

62

minmax

minlog

GRGR

GRGRIGR

=

259.0125.47

21.12

14.55265.102

14.5535.67==

=GRI

( )0.12083.0

7.3= GR

I

clV ( )[ ]0.12083.0 259.07.3 = clV

( )

( )dshnsh

dnclV

=

=

=

099.0318.0

2503.0246.0clV

E

mfR =

C ) ,

a= 1

= 1 9

mat = 5 5 5 /

ftstfl /200=

shmaf

ma

sttt

tt

=

100log

==

=

885.105

100

5.144

023.47

885.105

100

5.55200

5.55523.102xs

( )clte V= 1 ( ) == 078311.013073.0e

2

tshb RR = 13466.0)3073.0(426.12 == xRb


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63

a = 1 = 1 9

= 5 C

S = 0 0 0

wR = 0 0 9

) V S

= - ) / * +

( )

( )[ ] }{ 21 tclbclwwb

o VRVR

RRR

+

=

( )

( )[ ]{ =

+

=

2)3073.0(078311.0113466.0078311.009.0

09.013466.0oR 0 9 5 2 6

21

=

t

owe

R

RS

21

322.5

6209.3

=weS =

a= 1 = 1 9 E

wR = 0 0 9

21

=

t

w

m

t

weR

RaS

21

9.1 322.5

09.0

)3074.0(

1

=weS =


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64

ftstf

/200=

mat 5 5 5

21

2

81.0

=

t

w

s

weR

RS

21

2 322.5

09.0

)3073.0(

81.0

=weS =

ma = 2 6 9 /

b

= 2 2 6 /

f = 1 /

fma

bma

=

, 1

169.2

267.269.2

= =

D 2 0 /

fma

bma

sh

=

1407.2

267.2407.2

=

sh

= 0 0 9 9

q ( )

s

ds

q

( )

3073.0

2503.3073.0

( )

t

etq

=

( )

3073.0

2635.03073.0 =q

= 0 1 2 5

s

claVq

=

3073.0

0783.01=q

= 0 2 5

S


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65

q

qq

R

R

St

w

s

we

+=

1

22

8.02

2

=

+

=18548.01

2

18548.0

2

18548.0

322.5

09.0

)3073.0(

8.02

2

weS 0 . 3 6 4 5 8 0 . 3 6 4 5 8 0 . 3 6 4 5 8 0 . 3 6 4 5 8

5 .

5 .5 .

5 . ( 1 9 6 3 ) ( 1 9 6 3 ) ( 1 9 6 3 )

( 1 9 6 3 )

( )dshclddc V = ( )099.0078311.02503.0 =dc = 0 2 2 5

( )nshclnnc

V = ( )318.0078311.0246.0 =nc

= 0 2 2 1 1

( ) 21

22

2

+= ncdce

( )=

+=

21

22

2

)2211.0()2425.0(e 0 . 2 3 2 0 7 0 . 2 3 2 0 7 0 . 2 3 2 0 7 0 . 2 3 2 0 7

+

=

sh

cl

sh

cl

tw

e

e

wwe

R

V

R

V

RR

RCS

22

2

5

+

=

426.1

078311.0

322.5

078311.0

322.509.0

)23207.0(5

)23207.0(

09.04.022

2weS = 0 . 4 6 4 5 8

0 . 4 6 4 5 8 0 . 4 6 4 5 8

0 . 4 6 4 5 8


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66

6 .

6 .6 .

6 . ( 1 9 7 5 ) . ( 1 9 7 5 ) . ( 1 9 7 5 ) . ( 1 9 7 5 ) .

+=

22

12

clcl

t

w

d

we

VaVa

R

RS

+=

2

078311.01

2

078311.01

322.5

09.0

2503.0

12

weS 0 . 7 8 9 5 6 4 0 . 7 8 9 5 6 4 0 . 7 8 9 5 6 4 0 . 7 8 9 5 6 4

7 .

7 .7 .

7 .

.

. .

.

(

( (

( clV ) 0 . 0 7 8 3 1 1 ) 0 . 0 7 8 3 1 1 ) 0 . 0 7 8 3 1 1 ) 0 . 0 7 8 3 1 1

( ) . ( ) . ( ) .

( ) .

( )dshclddc V = ( )099.0078311.02503.0 =dc = 0 2 2 5

( )nshclnnc V = ( )318.0078311.0246.0 =nc

.

. .

.

( ) 21

22

2

+= dcnce

E

( )=

+=

21

22

2

)2211.0()2425.0(e 0 . 2 3 2 0 7 0 . 2 3 2 0 7 0 . 2 3 2 0 7 0 . 2 3 2 0 7

. . .

.

( ) nshdshtsh += 1 ( ) 318.06.01099.06.0 +=tsh = 0 1 6 6


67/74

67

.

. .

.

tshclet V += 1866.0078311.023207.0 +=t = 0 2 6 6

t

tshclb

VS

=

24668.0

1866.0078311.0 =bS = 0 0 5 9 2

.

. . .

2

tshshb RR = 2)1866.0(426.1 =bR = 0 0 9 6 5

.

. .

.

2

ttwa RR = 2)24668.0(322.5 =waR = 0 2

.

. .

.

2

1

= b

wb

co conies i are gist ros

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