bárbara willaarts 1,2, mario ballesteros 2 and nuria hernández-mora 3 1 observatorio del...
TRANSCRIPT
Bárbara Willaarts1,2 , Mario Ballesteros2 and Nuria Hernández-
Mora3
1 Observatorio del Agua-Fundación Botín 2CEIGRAM-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
3 FNCA, Fundación Nueva Cultura del Agua
Dialogue on Water Governance 2015 Fortaleza-
Brazil
The Water Framework Directive: a The Water Framework Directive: a changing paradigm to manage changing paradigm to manage water resourceswater resources
Overview of the monitoring program Overview of the monitoring program and current status of water bodiesand current status of water bodies
Management challengesManagement challenges
2
Public Participation
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS= Provider
s of ecosyste
m services
3Source: Hernández Mora 2012
6 year-planning cycle
Pu
blic
Partic
ipatio
n
4Source: IPH (2007) adapted from WFD (2000)
Reference Status
Very Poor Status
Good StatusPoor Status
“River, lakes and wetlands’ hydrological performance and functioning”
“River, lakes and wetlands’ pollution level”
Reference Status
Very Poor Status
Reference Status
Very Poor Status
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Example of Biological Status.
Source: WFD CIS Guidance Doc 13
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Common GOAL: all Common GOAL: all WB reach GOOD WB reach GOOD STATUS by 2015 & STATUS by 2015 & NO WAY BACKNO WAY BACK
Fuente: Peter Pollard, SEPA citado por D. Howell.
SEO/BirdLife
GES applies for WB with GES applies for WB with little or no human little or no human modification (rivers, lakes modification (rivers, lakes and wetlands)and wetlands)
GEP applies for all heavily GEP applies for all heavily modified or artificial- modified or artificial- HMWB (eg. reservoirs, HMWB (eg. reservoirs, canals, harbourscanals, harbours))
Fuente: Peter Pollard, SEPA citado por D. Howell.
SEO/BirdLife
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34% of the HMWB “rivers” are located in two basins: 34% of the HMWB “rivers” are located in two basins: Tagus (1.100km) and Guadalquivir (1075 Km)Tagus (1.100km) and Guadalquivir (1075 Km)
Greater number of HMWB evidences ↑ pressure on Greater number of HMWB evidences ↑ pressure on water bodies now and ↑ potential risk of lower water bodies now and ↑ potential risk of lower compliance with environmental objectives (particularly compliance with environmental objectives (particularly if GEP is less ambitious than GES)if GEP is less ambitious than GES)
Water Water BodiesBodies
Km/ Km/ Km2Km2
% of % of HMWBHMWB
RiversRivers 77.05577.055 88Lakes/WetlandsLakes/Wetlands 1.2021.202 1616
Transitional water Transitional water 962962 3434Coastal Coastal 17.71117.711 22
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Good31%
Moderate28%
No data20%
Poor8%
Very Good
9%
Very poor4%
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Good53%
Poor5%
No data42%
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50%50%44%
56%
80%
20%
Number of WB in poor Status
(%)
Km of rivers in poor Status
(%)
Km2 of SWB in poor Status
(%)
Main pressures on surface water bodies (SWB)
0
20
40
60
80
100U
rban
pol
lutio
n
Indu
stri
al p
ollu
tion
Agr
icul
tura
l diff
use
pollu
tion
Wat
er fl
ow r
egul
ation
s
Mor
phol
ogic
al a
ltera
tions
Alli
en sp
ecie
s
Wat
er E
xtra
ction
s A
gric
.
Wat
er tr
ansf
ers
Coas
tal a
ltera
tions
Wat
er e
xtra
ction
s U
rban
Min
ing
Land
Use
Recr
eatio
n
Nav
igati
on
% o
f Riv
er B
asin
s
Agricultural diffuse pollution
Insufficient urban and industrial wastewater treatment
Over-regulation and high morphological alterations
Over-allocation of water rights
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HOTSPOTS: basins with 60% of total number of WB in poor status
Lessons learnt and Lessons learnt and management challenges management challenges aheadahead
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• Massive efforts have been developed to generate information of the status and mean threats of SWB. Today we know what kind of pressures are threatening the integrity of SWB and where.
• BUT….
• Reversing the status of SWB requires the involvement of other administrations beyond the water authorities
• Larger budget is required to restore SWB • Greater consistency in the use of indicators is
required. Different indicators provide different outcomes
• Expensive monitoring system, perhaps not the most cost-effective solution in data-scarce regions
Thanks