Slide 1*
Will be more pronounced in biphase* systems
Examples of biphase applications are heat exchangers, tracer lines, steam mains, condensate return lines, and pump discharge lines
*Systems that carry water in two states, as a liquid and as a gas
“Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong
“Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong
*
Thermostatic Elements
Overstress Gauges
Rupture Fittings
Collapse Floats
Over time repeated stress on the pipe will weaken to the point of rupture
“Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong
“Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong
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*
Visualize what happens at home when a faucet is open
100 Pounds of Water
Shut Suddenly…. Equaling
“Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong
“Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong
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Flash Steam Bubbles become Trapped in Pools of Condensate
Flooded Main, Tracer Line, Heat Exchanger Tubing or Pumped Condensate Return
Condensate will be below saturation causing immediately collapse
1 pound of steam equals 1,600 times volume of water
Causing a vacuum in all directions
“Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong
“Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong
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Steam flowing over condensate can create waves
Velocity of Steam is 10-100 times greater than the velocity of liquid
Steam moving over the condensate will start manufacturing waves