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LA VOZ PASIVA

http://webs.ono.com/lallena/PassiveVoice.html

Voz activa

En las oraciones activas estamos interesados en quien realiza la accin, en el sujeto:

Peterwill finishhis new bookin three months.

Voz Pasiva

En la voz pasiva estamos ms interesados en la accin que en quien la realiza:

His newbookwill be finishedin three months.

FormaBE+ PARTICIPIO PASADO (del verbo principal activo)

Cmo transformar una oracin activa en pasiva:

1. Ponemos como sujeto de la oracin pasiva el complemento directo de la oracin

activa.

2. Aadimos el verbo BE en el mismo tiempo en que est el verbo principal de la

oracin activa.

3. Pasamos el sujeto de la oracin activa al final de la oracin pasiva, precedido por

BY.

Voz activa

Your little boy has broken the window

Sujeto Verbo activo C. Directo

Voz pasiva

The window has been broken by your little boy.

Sujeto Verbo pasivo Complemento Agente

Uso Cuando no conocemos el agente o no es muy importante:

Cotton is grown in Andjar.

Cuando estamos interesados en la accin y no en el sujeto:

Four people were killed in an accident.

Los verbos intransitivos (que no tienen complemento directo), tales como like, die,

live, exist, sleep, occur, happen, go, come, o arriveno tienen forma pasiva, ya que no

hay nada que se pueda convertir en sujeto de una oracin pasiva.

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Utilizamos BY + AGENTEslo cuando nos interesa quin o qu realiza la accin o para

aadir nueva informacin. En la mayora de las oraciones pasivas no hay complemento

agente.

Penicillin was discovered by Fleming.

We were stopped by a policeman.

A new supermarkets just been opened.

Detrs de algunos participios que se usan como adjetivos, en vez de BY, utilizamos

otras preposiciones para introducir el agente:

We were worriedABOUT (by) her attitude.

I was excitedAT (by) the idea.

He was frightened OF snakes.

Oraciones interrogativas

Cuando preguntamos quin ha hecho algo (complemento agente) hay que poner la

preposicin BY detrs del participio pasado: Who was the Spanish football league wonby last year?

Para hablar del instrumento con el que se realiza la accin utilizamos WITH:

He was shot (by the robbers) WITH a revolver.

Verbos con preposicin

They laughed at him > He was laughedat.

They were waiting for you > You were being waitedfor.

You can play with these cubs safely > These cubs can be playedwith safely.

Pasiva con ModalesACTIVA:Modal + V

PASIVA:Modal +BE + Past participle

He can't find it. > It can't be found.

They must publish it > It must be published.

ACTIVA:Modal + HAVE + Past participle

PASIVA:Modal + HAVE BEEN + Past participle

They may have given him the car. > He may have been given the car.

He should have typed the letter > The letter should have been typed.

Los verbos seguidos de infinitivo sin to en voz activa llevan infinitivo con to en la voz

pasiva:

We saw them go out > They were seento go out.

He made us work > We were madeto work.

Sin embargo, el verbo LET va siempre seguido de infinitivo sin to:

They let us go > We were let go.

En ingls informal, a veces se usa 'get' en vez de 'be' para formar la pasiva:

Our car gets cleaned every weekend. (Our car is cleaned every weekend)

He got killed in a plane crash. (He was killed in a plane crash)

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Verbos con dos complementos

Con los verbos que llevan dos complementos (indirecto + directo), tales como give,

send, show, lend, pay, promise, refuse, offer, tell, etc. se pueden utilizar dos tipos de

oracin pasiva. De ellos, el ms habitual es aquel en el que el complemento indirecto

se convierte en el sujeto de la oracin pasiva:

ACTIVA:Hegavehis sisterthe car.

PASIVA1:His sisterwas giventhe car.

PASIVA2:The carwas givento his sister.

Pasivas impersonales

1. Con verbos como acknowledge, allege, believe, claim, consider, estimate, expect,feel, find, guess, know, know, presume, report, report, rumour, say, suppose, think,

understand, etc. se pueden utilizar dos construcciones de pasiva impersonal:

Sujeto+ is / are + participio pasado +TO + infinitive IT + is + participio pasado +THAT + oracinEjemplo 1

ACTIVA:Peopleconsider(that)he is dangerous.

PASIVA1:He is considered to bedangerous.

PASIVA2:It is consideredthathe is dangerous.

Ejemplo 2

ACTIVA: Peoplebelievehe lives alone.

PASIVA1: Heis believedto livealone.

PASIVA2:It is believedthathe livesalone.

2. Cuando nos referimos a acciones que ocurrieron en el pasado, utilizamos uninfinitivo perfecto (to have + participio pasado):

ACTIVA:Theythink(that)hebrokehis leg.

PASIVA1:He isthoughtto have brokenhis leg.

PASIVA2: It is thoughtthat he brokehis leg.