República Bolivariana de Venezuela

Ministerio del poder popular para la Educación Universitaria Ciencia y Tecnología

Colegio Universitario Francisco de Miranda

Catedra: Ingles II

Sección: C04-102

TRABAJO DE INVESTIGACION 2

Professor: Estudiantes: C.I:

Alexander Natera Jorge Barreto 16.682.795

Diego Contreras 17.908.917

Caracas, Marzo del 2016

INTRODUCCION

A través de esta investigación se quiere comprender mediante el Discourse

Markers – Marcadores del discurso una manera simple de comprender una lectura

para una traducción de Ingles-Castellano, de esta manera a través de

pensamiento lógico deductivo se obtiene una percepción más enfocada del tema.

Para lograr una mejor definición del Articulo o Información Obtenida en el idioma

Ingles.

En esta investigación nos planteamos según lo solicitado Determinar:

El tipo de lenguaje respaldado con palabras obtenidas en la información

recibida

Discourse Markers - Marcadores del discurso

Pensamiento lógico deductivo: Sacando ideas principales y segundarias

Traducción de Lecturas

Y un resumen de lecturas.

TRABAJO DE INVESTIGACIÓN 2

.-Instrucciones:

Lea cuidadosamente las instrucciones antes de intentar realizar eltrabajo. No olvide que evitar dividirlo: es un trabajo en grupos de3-4 participantes.

1.-Seleccione uno de los cinco artículos provistos con anterioridad,determine el tipo de lenguaje y haga una lista con aquellas palabrasque justifiquen su elección.

2.-De los cinco artículos de la lista anterior  escoja dos, cópielos adoble espacio y siguiendo el modelo estudiado en clases con la guía deejemplos identifique in situ con negrillas, subrayado, colores, etc.,los DISCOURSE MARKERS - MARCADORES DEL DISCURSO presentes. No tiene que traducir absolutamente nada. Solo coloque la categoría a la cual pertenece.

3.-Utilizando la destreza lingüística denominada pensamiento lógicodeductivo, identifique y extraiga POR SEPARADO de cada uno de loscinco artículos anteriores su respectiva IDEA PRINCIPAL ycorrespondientes IDEAS SECUNDARIAS.  No olvide que la idea principaldefine al título de la lectura y las ideas secundarias explican laidea principal.

4.-Con la ayuda de los miembros de su grupo escoja uno de los cincoartículos anteriores QUE NO HAYA SIDO ANTERIORMENTE ANALIZADO EN FORMA ALGUNA POR SU EQUIPO y proceda a identificar y codificar los REFERENTS que encuentre. Debe actuar en forma estrictamente apegada alprocedimiento estudiado en clases:

*EJEMPLO:************************   Artículo: Chaos Theory  ************************

.-The word IT in line 2 refers to: “The rest of the world”

5.-Escriba un RESUMEN en español de no más de cinco líneas para cadauno de los artículos que aparecen en el presente trabajo.Valor 25% Para ser entregado después de Semana Santa.

1. Type of language

Chaos Theory.

As human beings, we tend to consider only world close by as real. Therest of the world does not really seem to be part of us or importantto us. So it becomes almost unreal to us. And we tend not to thinkabout distant places and faraway events or occurrences. We areconcerned with things that directly affect our lives. Scientistshowever, have a theory that shows the error in such thinking. Thetheory is called chaos theory. Although the word “chaos” means“something without order”, the basic idea of chaos theory is thateverything in the world affects everything else. Furthermore,scientists say, it is foolish to think the contrary. For example, lookat the effects of the winds from the great African desert. If theAfrican land wings (the winds that come off the continent and go outto the ocean) are hot and dry, they pick up moisture from the ocean,and the winds gain strength. The energy, or power, of the growingstorm comes from the evaporation of the warm sea water. The humid airforms a low-pressure area. The low pressure area slowly begins torevolve in an enormous circle. As it goes around and around, the airmoves faster and picks up more water. Slowly the low-pressure area(called a cell) moves across the Atlantic Ocean, and it becomes adangerous storm. If it gains enough power by accumulating more waterand more speed, it becomes a hurricane with winds of about 200kilometers p/h. What is important to remember about the chaos theoryis that everything affects everything else. The small things thataffect the Sahara Desert also affect the storms on the Atlantic Ocean.Each time a tree is cut down for wood, the desert gets a littlehotter, and the next hurricane becomes a little stronger. All over theworld, small actions add up to big reactions, including chainreactions. As one scientist said “A butterfly sits in a flower inIndia, and six thousand miles away, a bolt of lightning causes aforest fire. The two actions are related”.

Type of language: Science of Nature

world affects everything else, African land wings, pick up moisture from the ocean, evaporation of the warm sea water, low-pressure area, winds of about 200 kilometers p/h.

2. DISCOURSE MARKERS

The world's most complex machine.

What is the biggest and most complex machine in the world today? The

Clarification of Ideas

question was posed recently by Professor Colin Cherry of Imperial

College, London. He went to argue that the answer was not a computer,

Cause-effect

not extinct Concord, not a North Sea oil platform-it was the global

telephone network. Large continental networks, linked together by

submarine cables and satellite connexions, together form a working

machine of unimaginable size and complexity, Professor Cherry said.

This week James Merriman, Post Office board member for technology,

gave scale to this concept: the global telecommunications system

embraced 350 million telephones in more than 50 countries,

Comparison

representing an investment of about ₤50.000m. “Some 200 million of

these telephones”, Mr. Merriman added, “can already intercommunicate

directly and automatically without human intervention”. A big machine,

indeed, and one whose development was begun 100 years ago this week by

Alexander Graham Bell. “Mr. Watson, come here; I want to see you” was

the first intelligible sentence conveyed by a telephone, form Bell tohis assistant, on March 10, 1876.

(Kenneth Owen, The Times)

3. PENSAMIENTO LÓGICO DEDUCTIVO

*Music, Music, Everywhere.

As you pull out to a spotlight, you can hear loud music coming from the car next to

you. On a street corner, a group of people are gathered around a flute player

listening to every song he plays. In a supermarket, shoppers sing along with the

music in the background. Music is everywhere. In many ways it is extremely

important in people’s lives. People need music in order to relax. After working

a long, hard day, people come home upset, tense and at war with the world. All

they need to do however is to put on some soothing music, and they can’t help but

become calm. Many relaxing activities such as lying on the beach or next to a

- Negrita: Ideas Principales.- Subrayado: Ideas Segundarias

swimming pool are made more relaxing with music. People even use music to get

them into that extreme state of relaxation , sleep. In addition to needing music for

relaxation, music is also necessary for enjoyment. People go to discos and bars

every night just to have a good time dancing to their favorite music. Other people

get enjoyment from music in more passive ways, they listen to it at a concert or on

the radio or stereo. Still others find pleasure in producing music by playing musical

instruments. In short, people enjoy music in many ways. The third way in which

music is important in people’s lives is bringing them together. People around

causes or institutions and can identify these causes or institutions by the music that

surrounds them. For example, most people are in some way moved to feelings of

patriotism upon hearing their national anthem. People can even show allegiance to

a certain political or social cause by buying and enjoying a particular recording.

Music brings people together.

*The Euro

On January 300 million Europeans in 12 countries woke up to a new currency: The

Euro. The Euro is not new: it’s been used in electronic transactions and by banks

and international business since January 1999. Now the following launch of Euro

banknotes and coins, everyone living, doing business or traveling in any of the 12

countries is benefiting from dealing in just one currency. There are seven Euro

banknote denominations, which can be recognized easily by their look and feel: the

larger the banknote, the higher the value. On one side, the banknotes show

windows and gateways, symbolizing a spirit of openness. On the other they

feature bridges, signifying cooperation between the nations of Europe and

the rest of the world. The eight Euro Coins have a common side and a national

side. The common side shows the value of the coin. The National side differs from

country too, but you can use all the coins in each of the Euro area countries. The

launch of Euro banknotes and coins has, however, had a profound impact way

beyond the participating countries. Indeed, for business and individuals alike, 1

January 2002 marked the beginning of a Brand new era as, for the first time in the

history of Europe, 12 national currencies (Austria, Belgium, Finland, France,

Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Portugal and

Spain) made way for just one: The Euro. www.euro.ecb.int

*The world's most complex machine.

What is the biggest and most complex machine in the world today? The question

was posed recently by Professor Colin Cherry of Imperial College, London. He

went to argue that the answer was not a computer, not extinct Concord, not a

North Sea oil platform-it was the global telephone network. Large continental

networks, linked together by submarine cables and satellite connexions, together

form a working machine of unimaginable size and complexity, Professor Cherry

said. This week James Merriman, Post Office board member for technology,

gave scale to this concept: the global telecommunications system embraced

350 million telephones in more than 50 countries, representing an investment

of about ₤50.000m. “Some 200 million of these telephones”, Mr. Merriman

added, “can already intercommunicate directly and automatically without human

intervention”. A big machine, indeed, and one whose development was begun 100

years ago this week by Alexander Graham Bell. “Mr. Watson, come here; I want to

see you” was the first intelligible sentence conveyed by a telephone, form Bell to

his assistant, on March 10, 1876.(Kenneth Owen, The Times)

4. Referents

Pure and Applied Science.

1. As students of science you are probably sometimes puzzled by the term

2. “pure” and “applied” science. Are these two totally different

3. activities, having little or no interconnection, as is often implied?

4. Let us begin by examining what is done by each.

5. Pure science is primarily concerned with the development of theories

6. (or, as they are frequently called, models) establishing relationships

7. between the phenomena of the universe. When they are sufficiently

8. validated, these theories (hypotheses, models) become the working laws

9. or principles of science. In carrying out this work, the pure

10. scientist usually disregards its application to practical affairs,

11. confining his attention to explanations of how and why events occur.

12. Hence, in physics, the equations explaining the behavior of

13. fundamental particles, or in Biology, the establishment of a cycle of

14. a particular species of insect living in a polar environment, are said

15. to be examples of Pure science (basic research), having no apparent

16. connection (for the moment) with technology, for example, applied

17. science. Applied science, on the other hand, is directly concerned

18. with the application of the working laws of pure science to the

19. practical affairs of life, and to increasing man’s control over his

20. environment, thus leading to the development of new techniques,

21. processes and machines. Such activities as investigating the strength

22. and uses of materials, extending the finding of pure mathematics to

23. improve the sampling procedures used in agriculture or the social

24. sciences, and developing the potentialities of atomic energy are all

25. examples of the work of the applied scientist or technologist. It is

26. evident that many branches of applied science are practical extensions

27. of purely theoretical or experimental work. Thus the study of

28. radioactivity began as a piece of pure research, but its results are

29. now applied in a great number of different ways-in cancer treatment in

30. medicine, the development of fertilizers in agriculture, the study of

31. metal-fatigue in engineering, in methods of establishing ages of

32. objects in anthropology and geology, etc. Conversely, work in applied

33. science technology frequently acts as a direct stimulus to the

34. development of pure science. Such interaction occurs, for example,

35. when the technologist, in applying a particular concept of pure

36. science to a practical problem, reveals a gap or limitation in the

37. theoretical model thus pointing the way for further basic research.

38. Ewer and Latorre, (1970) A Course in Basic Scientific English, p 20.

Pure and Applied Science.

.-The word these in line 2 refers to: “pure” and “applied” science

.-The word is in line 3 refers to: “pure” and “applied” science

.-The Word they in line 6 refers to: “theories of pure” and “applied science”

.-The Word they in line 7 refers to: “theories of pure” and “applied science”

.-The Word his in line 11 refers to: “pure scientist”

.-The Word It in line 25 refers to: “branches of applied science”

.-The Word its in line 28 refers to: “results”

5. RESUME

The world's most complex machine.

Fue una pregunta hecha por el profesor Colin Cherry of Imperial College, London. ¿Cuál es la máquina más grande y compleja en el mundo actualmente?, El argumenta que no es la computadora de hoy en día, sino, a la red telefónica. El sistema global de telecomunicaciones contiene 350 millones de teléfonos en más de 50 países que pueden intercomunicarse directamente o de forma automática sin intervención humana, hecho creado por Alexander Graham Bell el 10 de marzo de 1876.

Music, Music, Everywhere.

La música está en cualquier lugar en nuestro ciclo de vida, desde que salimos de casa y en el camino pasa un coche al lado con música, en los centros comerciales y supermercados con música de fondo; Esta es tan necesaria como para entrar en un estado de relajación, o para el disfrute, como cuando las personas van a bares y a discotecas a pasar un buen rato. La gente necesita la música de muchas maneras, esta une a la personas.

The Euro

¡El euro no es nuevo!, es una moneda usada por la unión europea, Desde enero de 1999, se ha utilizado por bancos, transacciones electrónicas y negocios internacionales, hoy en día el lanzamiento del billete y monedas euros, benefician a la negociación de una sola moneda en 12 países, en un lado de la moneda euro muestra las puertas de enlace simbolizando el espíritu de franqueza, y por otro puentes simbolizando la cooperación entre naciones. El 1 de enero del 2002 marco el comienzo de una nueva era en la historia Europea.

Pure and Applied Science.

Estudiantes de ciencia que son probablemente a veces desconcertados con el término de ciencia “pura” y “Aplicada”. La ciencia pura se basa principalmente en el desarrollo de las teorías, el establecimiento de relaciones entre fenómenos del universo. La ciencia aplicada, por el contrario, está directamente relacionado con la aplicación de las leyes de trabajo de la ciencia pura a la asuntos prácticos de la vida, y para aumentar el control del hombre sobre su medio ambiente, el trabajo

en aplicar la tecnología de la ciencia con frecuencia actúa como un estímulo directo a la desarrollo de la ciencia pura.

Chaos Theory.

Como seres humanos tenemos tendencia a considerar el mundo solo de nuestros intereses reales, el resto del mundo no parece ser parte de nosotros o importante. Nos preocupamos por las cosas que afectan directamente en nuestras vidas, los científicos sin embargo tienen la teoría que todo afecta a los demás, en todo el mundo pequeñas acciones se suman a grandes reacciones. Por ejemplo los efectos del viento del desierto africano son calientes y secos recogiendo humedad en el océano, el aire húmedo forma un área de baja presión donde comienza una tormenta.