tlit1 u3 lopez morales_¿es uniforme el español?

5/17/2018 tlit1 u3 Lopez Morales_¿Es uniforme el español? - slidepdf.com

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VL ]RN]N ML \GN N@XJAN MAVXLRVAÖG ^\L NBNRFN LVXNÞN* >3 XNÀVLV DAVXNGON@LRAFNGOV ^\L JN ]ALGLG FO@O JLGC\N OEAFANJ ÛGAFN* ]RLV LG JOV ^\L LV JLGC\N FOOEAFANJ* @NV O]ROV ]LRRA]ORAOV MAULRVOV

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Lv}l xra`lro go }lgmràn ml`nvanmn a`xor}ngfan va }omov lvov dnbjng}lv ”njco `îv ml=88 àjjoglv” xlr}lglfalrng n |gn àv`n lg}amnm xojà}afo nmàgav}rn}aun $lg rlnjamnm* lj

lvxnþoj lv jn f|nr}n jlgc|n lg lj `|gmo xor lj gû`lro ml v|v dnbjng}lv!* xlro vl }rn}n ml |gnn`xjan mavxlrvaög ~|l nbnrfn Lvxnþn* >3 xnàvlv davxngon`lrafngov ~|l jn }alglg foò jlgc|noeafanj ûgafn* }rlv lg jov ~|l lv jlgc|n fooeafanj* `îv o}rov }lrra}oraov maulrvov'

@nxn >2'>; Lj lvxnþoj foò jlgc|n oeafanj lg lj `|gmo

Jov mn}ov forrlvxogmalg}lv n jov >4 xra`lrov vog jov vac|alg}lv;

F|nmro >2'>; Xroxorfaög ml davxngodnbjng}lv lg jov xnàvlv fog lvxnþoj foò jlgc|n oeafanj

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Fojo`ban =8 6=1 644 11Lvx

nþn =8 863 11< 11*>Nrclg}agn 6364=4>5 11*3

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R' Moàgafngn 4<4> =33 14Bojauan 4 688 =56 43*3Dogm|rnv 5=858<2 14*2Lj Vnjunmor 5263552 >88Gafnrnc|n =1>4 616 43*=Fov}n Rafn 6 336 888 13*<\r|c|nq 6658>8< 14*=Xngn`î 24=<5=3 33*=

Jn xra`lrn foj|`gn g|`árafn `|lv}rn lj gû`lro ml davxngodnbjng}lv xor xnàv* n|g~|ljn ageor`nfaög ulrmnmlrn`lg}l rljlung}l lv}î lg jn vlc|gmn* lv mlfar* lg jov xorflg}nklv ~|lagmafng jn xroxorfaög ml davxngodnbjng}lv xor xnàv' Xor davxngodnbjng}lv vl lg}algml >!

dnbjng}lv ml lvxnþoj foò jlgc|n `n}lrgn* q 2! dnbjng}lv ml o}rnv jlgc|nv ~|l }alglg lj lvxnþojfoò vlc|gmn jlgc|n q ~|l* xor jo }ng}o* jo dnbjng fog |g crnmo nflx}nbjl ml fo`xl}lgfan'

Dnq njc|gov mn}ov vorxrlgmlg}lv* foò lj n`xjao `nrclg ml dnbjng}lv ògojagcúlv $ofnva! ml |gn o unranv jlgc|nv agmàclgnv9 jov gû`lrov ~|l oerlflg C|n}l`njn $6<*6,!* Xngn`î$22*5,! q Xlrû $>=*1,!* erlg}l n jov ml @átafo $>*4,!* xor lkl`xjo* vog `|q fog}rnv}auov* jo~|l ml`|lv}rn ~|l lv}l ûj}aò xnàv dn }lgamo |g áta}o vag xrlflmlg}l lg v|v fn`xnþnvfnv}ljjnga{nmornv ml jn vlc|gmn à}nm mlj vacjo TT' Jov o}rov }rlv xnàvlv vlþnjnmov nrrabn godng dlfdo ga dnflg lj `lgor lve|lr{o xor fogulr}ar lg bajagcúlv n v|v dnbjng}lv ògojagcúlv lg|gn jlgc|n agmàclgn' \g bo}ög ml `|lv}rn xor lj nxrlfao c|blrgn`lg}nj ng}l v|v jlgc|nv; lgC|n}l`njn* xor lkl`xjo* jn Nfnmlàn ml jnv Jlgc|nv @nqnv }algl |g xrlv|x|lv}o lv}n}nj ml >6àjjoglv ml ~|l}{njlv nj nþo* àlg}rnv ~|l jn Nfnmlàn C|n}l`nj}lfn ml jn Jlgc|n rlfabl 32àj ~|l}{njlv* f|ngmo jov rlfabl' Jn xra`lrn }algl |gn vlml ltfljlg}l $agfj|vo ljlcng}l* jnjjn`nmn Fnvn Frl`n! q jn vlc|gmn* |g nxnr}n`lg}o lv}rlfdo q r|amovo lg xjlgo flg}ro ml jnfa|mnm' Fnvo f|raovo mogml jov dnqn* valgmo lj lvxnþoj jn jlgc|n oeafanj ûgafn* q nml`îv* formög|`bajafnj ml jnv fo`|gafnfaoglv ml lvl xnàv fog lj `|gmo lt}lraor'

Lg lj o}ro fnvo* lj ml xnàvlv lg jov ~|l lj lvxnþoj lv jlgc|n fooeafanj* mlblràn dnblrvlnþnmamo Xlrû* xor~|l lj mlfrl}o-jlq ~|l ljluö lj ~|lfd|n n lvn fn}lcoràn* ml >13<* go dn vamoòmaeafnmo' Xlro qn uaòv ~|l jn ag}lg}ogn e|l |g va`xjl clv}o ml n~|ljjov coblrgng}lv'

F|nmro >2'2; Foguaulgfan ml jlgc|nv fooeafanjlv

G¸ dnba}ng}lv davxngodnbjng}lv , jlgc|n fooe'Xnrnc|nq < 36= >61 <<*> c|nrngàX|lr}o Rafo 6355888 14*2 agcjáv

Ltav}lg maelrlgfanv `|q vacgaeafn}aunv lg}rl Xnrnc|nq q X|lr}o Rafo; jn lgor`l `nqorànml jov x|lr}orra~|lþov vog dnbjng}lv gn}auov ml lvxnþoj* fog |g bajagcúavò ~|l vlcûg jnve|lg}lv ml ageor`nfaög ~|l vl `nglklg un mlvml |g 62, n |g >5,' Lg fog}rnv}l* Xnrnc|nq xovll fnva jn à}nm ml v| xobjnfaög ~|l vojo dnbjn c|nrngà* njc|gov k|g}o n |g f|raovo c|nrnþoj'

Lg}rl jov xnàvlv ml N`árafn ~|l go }alglg nj lvxnþoj lg gagc|gn ml lvnv mov fn}lcorànv*vobrlvnjlg jov Lv}nmov \gamov* fog njco `îv ml 62 àjjoglv* jo ~|l lv |g b|lg xorflg}nkl va vlfo`xnrn fog jov =8 àjjoglv ml davxngov ~|l uaulg lg lvl xnàv9 Bljafl* lj xl~|lþo lgfjnulflg}ron`lrafngo* fog fnva 38 àj dnbjng}lv ml lvxnþoj9 jnv avjnv NBF $Nr|bn* Bognarl qF|rnãno!* fog flrfn ml >1< àj9 q jnv Avjnv Uàrclglv* fog |gov mofl àj' Lj o}ro xnàv n`lrafngoml g|}ramn agàcrnfaög ml oraclg davxngo* Brnvaj* go vobrlxnvn jov <8 àj dnbjng}lv gn}auov'

Foò lrn ml lvxlrnr lg |gn jlgc|n dnbjnmn lg }ng}ov xnàvlv q lg j|cnrlv }ng lvxnrfamov xor lj `nxn fog}aglg}nj* lg Davxngon`árafn go vl dnbjn |g lvxnþoj nbvoj|}n`lg}l doòcáglo*foò }n`xofo vl dnbjn lg Lvxnþn9 lg}rl jov dnbjng}lv ml v|v maulrvnv rlcaoglv vl lgf|lg}rng

2




maelrlgfanv* n ulflv ov}lgvabjlv'Foò jnv erog}lrnv ml jov xnàvlv oblmlflg e|gmn`lg}nj`lg}l n rn{oglv nklgnv n jn

jlgc|n q n v|v unralmnmlv* lv}l fra}lrao go lv lg nbvoj|}o lj nmlf|nmo xnrn }rn}nr ml lv}nbjlflr {ogaeafnfaoglv jagcúàv}afnv mlg}ro mlj fog}aglg}l q ml jnv avjnv9 àlg}rnv dnq gnfaoglv ~|lf|lg}ng fog |gn crng lt}lgvaög }lrra}oranj q fog unralmnmlv manjlf}njlv ag}lrgnv* o}rnv* lgfn`bao* `|q xl~|lþnv* fo`xnr}lg elgö`lgov ml jlgc|n fog v|v ulfagov'

N~|à vl lv}î dnbjngmo ml manjlf}ov q ml jn mavfaxjagn ~|l jov lv}|man* jn manjlf}ojocàn' Gagc|go ml lv}ov }áràgov* lvxlfanj`lg}l lj xra`lro* x|lml vlr xrlvlg}nmo vag ~|l `lmalg xojáàfnv* mavf|vaoglv* rlfdn{ov ml xrox|lv}nv lxav}lòjöcafnv qn `|q nvlg}nmnv qunjornfaoglv fogejaf}aunv ml xnrî`l}rov lvxlfaeafnmorlv' Mlblòv* vag l`bnrco* xnr}ar ml jn bnvl ml ~|l |g manjlf}o lv |g vav}l`n fo`|gafn}auo uar}|nj* xlro rlnja{nbjl* farf|gv}ngfan ~|l jonxnr}n mlj fogflx}o ml jlgc|n' Jov manjlf}ov vog "vav}l`nv" q go fogk|g}ov ml elgö`lgov xlf|janrlv* q vl oxoglg n jn jlgc|n lg unraov x|g}ov; lg xra`lr j|cnr* }alglg dnbjng}lv* ml ndà~|l vlng rlnja{nbjlv' J|lco }omo dnbjng}l lv |g dnbjng}l manjlf}nj9 jn jlgc|n go jn dnbjn gnmal'"Dnbjnr |gn jlgc|n" vacgaeafn rlnj`lg}l |vnr |go ml v|v clojlf}ov o unralmnmlv clocrîeafnv; ljlvxnþoj ml @átafo* ml B|lgov Narlv* ml Crngnmn* l}f'* ~|l* xor v|x|lv}o* xovllg ljl`lg}ov xnr}af|jnrlv* xlro }n`baág |gn fng}amnm lgor`l ml ljl`lg}ov fo`|glv* ~|l xlrà}lg |gn

fo`|gafnfaög vag xrobjl`nv' "Jlgc|n" lv* vag l`bnrco* |gn l}a~|l}n û}aj xnrn lg}lgmlrgov lgg|lv}rnv fogulrvnfaoglv fo}amangnv* xlro |g fogflx}o }lörafo `|q lj|vauo'

FNMN MÀN ^\L XNVN VL FO@XR\LBN ^\L JN AGEJ\LGFAN ML JNV JLGC\NV AGMÀCLGNV LG LJ LVXNÞOJ ML N@ÁRAFN LV* LG RLNJAMNM* @\Q RLM\FAMN

\go ml jov xra`lrov ag}lg}ov ml lv}nbjlflr {ognv manjlf}njlv lg N`árafn* lv mlfar* îrlnvclocrîeafnv f|qov dnbjng}lv foagfamalrng lg |gn vlral ml elgö`lgov jagcúàv}afov ~|l jovmav}agc|alrng ml v|v ulfagov* vl bnvnbn lg jn agej|lgfan ~|l jnv mav}ag}nv jlgc|nv agmàclgnv mlcrng lt}lgvaög dnbàng mlknmo lg lj lvxnþoj ml fnmn |gn ml ljjnv' Nvà gnfaö jn xra`lrn xrox|lv}n*~|l lv}nbjlfàn jn ltav}lgfan ml fagfo {ognv; >! @átafo* agfj|amo lj lv}nmo ml G|luo @átafo* lgjov Lv}nmov \gamov* q |gn crng xnr}l ml jn N`árafn Flg}rnj* }lrra}orao lg lj ~|l vl v|xogàn ~|l

dnbàn lklrfamo v| agej|lgfan lj gnd|n9 2! lj Fnrabl* ag}lcrnmo }ng}o xor jnv Ng}ajjnv foò xor jnvrlcaoglv fov}lrnv ml Ulgl{|ljn q Fojo`ban $lg lv}l ûj}aò fnvo* jn n}jîg}afn!* lg lj ~|l dnbàng xrlmoàgnmo lj nrnd|nfo q lj fnrabl9 6! jnv }alrrnv nj}nv ml N`árafn mlj V|r* Fojo`ban* Lf|nmor*Xlrû* Bojauan q gor}l ml Fdajl* jn jjn`nmn {ogn ngmagn* lg jn ~|l lj ~|lfd|n dnbàn vlþorlnmom|rng}l `|fdo }al`xo9 =! lj flg}ro q lj v|r ml Fdajl* {ogn lg jn ~|l lj `nx|fdl $jjn`nmonrn|fngo ng}ac|n`lg}l! dnbàn moàgnmo9 q xor ûj}aò* <! jov xnàvlv mlj Rào ml jn Xjn}n*Nrclg}agn* \r|c|nq q Xnrnc|nq* fog lj c|nrngà nj eogmo'

Vag l`bnrco* lv}n xrox|lv}n fdofnbn fog unraov agfogulgalg}lv' Lg xra`lr j|cnr* xnrlfàn lv}nr dlfdn fog bnvlv l}gojöcafnv* vofaojöcafnv o f|j}|rnjlv* xlro go rlnj`lg}ljagcúàv}afnv' Fnmn màn ~|l xnvn vl fo`xr|lbn ~|l jn agej|lgfan ml jnv jlgc|nv agmàclgnv lg ljlvxnþoj ml N`árafn lv* lg rlnjamnm* `|q rlm|famn* va vl xalgvn lg lj lvxnþoj ml jov ògojagcúlvo agfj|vo lg lj ml jov bajagcúlv l~|ajabrnmov9 o}rn fovn lv* mlvml j|lco* jnv }rngvelrlgfanv ~|l x|lmng nmulr}arvl lg lj lvxnþoj ml dnbjng}lv agmàclgnv ~|l }alglg |gn fo`xl}lgfan lvfnvn oa`xlrelf}n lg jn jlgc|n moàgng}l' Xlro lg lv}l fnvo go x|lml dnbjnrvl ml agej|lgfanv ml |gnjlgc|n agmàclgn lg lj "lvxnþoj ml" |gn ml}lràgnmn rlcaög' Xor o}rn xnr}l* fnmn |gn ml lv}nvfagfo {ognv* fog jnv ltflxfaoglv mlj Fnrabl q mlj flg}ro q v|r ml Fdajl* vog ml xor vàv|`n`lg}l dl}lrocáglnv' Xlgvnr* lg lj lv}nmo nf}|nj ml g|lv}rov fogofaàlg}ov manjlf}njlv* ~|l@átafo q Fov}n Rafn o Gafnrnc|n x|lmng eor`nr |gn {ogn fo`xnf}n lv |gn n|}ág}afn eng}nvàn*foò }n`baág jo lv lj frllr ~|l jn n`xjàva`n {ogn ~|ag}n vl gov xrlvlg}n foò |g }omojagcúàv}afo agmauavabjl* f|ngmo jnv maelrlgfanv lg}rl ljjnv* `|q vobrlvnjalg}lv xor falr}o lg ljfnvo mlj Xnrnc|nq q njc|gnv rlcaoglv nrclg}agnv* vnj}ng n jn uav}n' Lj fra}lrao nmojlfàn ml |gn b|lgn movav ml v|bkl}auavò'

N|g v|xogalgmo ~|l jnv jlgc|nv agmàclgnv* lv}nv `nqorlv q o}rnv ~|l d|balvlg xomamo

vlþnjnrvl* d|balvlg mlknmo d|ljjnv a`xor}ng}lv lg lj lvxnþoj ml lv}nv rlcaoglv* vlràn glflvnraorluavnr n eogmo lv}n fjnvaeafnfaög* x|lv n jov amao`nv nboràclglv vl jlv v|xogl |gn lt}lgvaög ~|llg rlnjamnm g|gfn }|ualrog' Xlgvnr ~|l lj c|nrngà* xor lkl`xjo* }|uo njc|gn xrlvlgfan

6




a`xor}ng}l `|fdo `îv njjî ml jnv erog}lrnv ml jn Nrclg}agn fog lj Xnrnc|nq lv* f|ngmo `lgov*mlvfogoflr jn dav}oran'

GO VL GLFLVA]N ]LGLR ML@NVANMN LTXLRALGFAN N@LRAFNGN XNRN VNBLR ^\L JOV DNBA]NG]LV MLJ O]RO JNMO MLJ OFÁNGO XROG\GFANG LJ LVXNÞOJ ML @NGLRN MAELRLG]L LG]RL LJJOV

O}rn nj}lrgn}aun n jn xrox|lv}n ng}lraor lv lj lv}|mao ml jn xrog|gfanfaög* xlro go xroflmalgmo ml `nglrn a`xrlvaogav}n* vago bnvîgmovl lg jnv jjn`nmnv avocjovnv* lv mlfar* lgjàglnv ~|l vl }rn{ng vobrl lj `nxn q ~|l vlþnjng jn lt}lgvaög ml fnmn elgö`lgo jagcúàv}afo' Govl glflva}n }lglr ml`nvanmn ltxlralgfan n`lrafngn xnrn vnblr ~|l jov dnbjng}lv mlj o}ro jnmo mljofángo xrog|gfang lj lvxnþoj ml `nglrn maelrlg}l lg}rl ljjov* q ~|l v|v rlvxlf}aunvlg}ognfaoglv vog* lg ofnvaoglv* `|q mav}ng}lv lg}rl và' Unraov vog jov agulv}acnmorlv ~|l dngvljlffaognmo lv}l nvxlf}o foò bnvl ml v|v xrox|lv}nv' Jov elgö`lgov `îv a`xor}ng}lv ~|ldng vlruamo xnrn lv}nbjlflr jn fjnvaeafnfaög dng vamo; >! lj mlbaja}nàlg}o q xármamn ml "v" lg xovafaög eagnj ml vàjnbn q ml xnjnbrn9 2! jn foge|vaög ml "r" q ">" eagnjlv9 6! jn nvxarnfaög v|nulml ##k##9 =! jn xrog|gfanfaög ml "rr" foò uabrng}l `ûj}axjl* jn rlc|jnr lg lvxnþoj9 <! jn xrlvlgfan/n|vlgfan ml qlàvò9 5! lj rldajnàlg}o "xor}lþo"* elgö`lgo fogofamo foò {làvò* q 3!

xrog|gfanfaög uljnra{nmn ml "g"' Fnmn |go ml jov lv}|maovov dn jjlcnmo n v|v xroxanvfogfj|vaoglv* lv}nbjlfalgmo lg}rl |g `àgaò ml fagfo {ognv q |g `îtaò ml 26'Jov xrobjl`nv ~|l vl xrlvlg}ng fog }omnv ljjnv vog* lg xra`lr j|cnr* jn agv|eafalgfan ml

mn}ov fogeanbjlv n lvfnjn fog}aglg}nj* x|lv àlg}rnv njc|gnv rlcaoglv lv}îg `|q balg lv}|manmnv*o}rnv* lg fn`bao* vac|lg n jn lvxlrn ml ~|l vl lelf}ûlg lvov ngîjavav' Xlro* nml`îv* xrlfavn`lg}lmlbamo n lv}l mlvfogofaàlg}o* njc|gnv ml jnv unranbjlv vljlffaognmnv go vog jnv `îv nmlf|nmnv xnrn lv}nbjlflr {ognv manjlf}njlv* balg xor~|l v| fn`xo lv `|q clglrnj q* xor jo }ng}o*mavfraàgng xofo* balg xor~|l v| lt}lgvaög lv rlnj`lg}l jaà}nmn' Xlro* nml`îv* vnjuo fnvovltflxfaognjlv* jnv avocjovnv v|ljlg lg}rlfr|{nrvl vag gagcûg xn}rög nxnrlg}l' ^|a{î dnqn vamolv}n farf|gv}ngfan jn rn{ög ml ~|l @átafo nxnrl{fn* lg njc|gnv xrox|lv}nv* eor`ngmo {ogn fogjn Rlxûbjafn Mo agafngn* xrox|lv}n nbvoj|}n`lg}l fog}rnag}|a}aun9 ml ~|l* àlg}rnv ~|lnjc|gnv ml ljjnv nbnrfng |gn lt}lgvaög mlv`lmamn $fnva }omo @átafo* jnv Ng}ajjnv* fov}n fnrabl

ml Ulgl{|ljn q Fojo`ban* à}nm oralg}nj ml Xngn`î!* o}rnv vojo njfng{ng n |gn xl~|lþn rlcaögml \r|c|nq* q ml ~|l vl ro`xn fogv}ng}l`lg}l jn fog}acúamnm clocrîeafn lg}rl maelrlg}lvrlcaoglv ml jn àv`n {ogn'

\g xjng}lnàlg}o njco `îv nflx}nbjl lv lj ~|l xalgvn lg mov crngmlv {ognv; jn ml"}alrrnv bnknv" q jn ml "}alrrnv nj}nv"' Lg jnv xra lrnv vl mng* fnva vav}l`î}afn`lg}l* jovmlbaja}nàlg}ov fogvogîg}afov $nvxarnfaög q xármamn ml "v" eagnj* foge|vaög ml "j" q "r"*nvxarnfaög ml ##k"* uljnra{nfaög ml "g" eagnj* l}f'!* àlg}rnv ~|l lg jnv vlc|gmnv lj fogvogng}avòeagnj lv `|q e|lr}l q `ng}lgamo' \go ml jov `îv aj|v}rlv mlelgvorlv ml lv}n {ogaeafnfaög dnmafdo fog `|fdn kofovamnm; "Qo jnv mav}agco* ml `nglrn fnrafn}|rlvfn* xor lj ráca`lgnja`lg}afao; jnv }alrrnv nj}nv vl fo`lg jnv uofnjlv* jnv }alrrnv bnknv vl fo`lg jnv fogvogng}lv"'

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Go dng enj}nmo }n`xofo jov ag}lg}ov ml }rn{nr lv}n {ogaeafnfaög n}lgmalgmo n jnvvl`lkng{nv q maelrlgfanv lg lj uofnb|jnrao' \go ml ljjov vl bnvnbn lg lj játafo ncràfojn orljnfaognmo fog jn uamn r|rnj9 lj î`ba}o vl`îg}afo lv}nbn ag}lcrnmo xor jnv mlgoàgnfaoglv mljfn`xlvago* ml jnv }alrrnv ml f|j}auo q ml jnv bnjmànv* ml jnv jnborlv ncràfojnv* jov nxlrov mljnbrng{n* jov }axov ml dnba}nfaög* ml xroxalmnmlv r|rnjlv q ml elgö`lgov fja n}ojöcafovrljnfaognmov fog jn ncraf|j}|rn' Vl }rn}n ml játafo ”>4= xnjnbrnv” xroflmlg}l ml Lvxnþn* xlro~|l lg N`árafn dn njfng{nmo |gn mav}rab|faög lvxlfàeafn' Jnv e|lg}lv ml ageor`nfaög fog jnv~|l vl }rnbnkö e|lrog jov rlf|lg}ov jltafocrîeafov ml n`lrafngavòv* e|lg}lv jabrlvfnv* foò vlul' Ml lv}l ngîjavav v|rclg f|n}ro {ognv manjlf}njlv; >! ag}lcrnmn xor lj v|r ml jov Lv}nmov

\gamov* @átafo* N`árafn Flg}rnj* jnv Ng}ajjnv* Ulgl{|ljn* Fojo`ban $ltflx}|ngmo jn {ognngmagn! q jn fov}n mlj Lf|nmor9 2! fo`x|lv}n xor jov xnàvlv ngmagov Lf|nmor* Xlrû q Bojauan9 6!n jn ~|l xlr}lglflg jnv lt}lgvnv jjng|rnv mlj Rào ml jn Xjn}n q ml Bojauan* q =! ~|l ag}lcrn Fdajl*

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ltflx}o v| xnr}l gor}l'Jnv frà}afnv n lv}n xrox|lv}n vog `|q fog}|gmlg}lv' Mlvfogoflr lg nbvoj|}o jov ml`îv

elgö`lgov ~|l ag}lcrng jn jlgc|n $xrog|gfanfaög* lg}ognfaög* crn`î}afn! q }rnbnknr ûgafn`lg}lfog lj játafo objacn n |gar lg |gn vojn rlcaög manjlf}nj n unranv ~|l xrlvlg}ng cr|lvnv maelrlgfanvjagcúàv}afnv lg}rl và* agfj|vo játafnv; lg @átafo q lg lj v|r ml jov Lv}nmov \gamov* vl jjn`nfdnrro n jo ~|l lg N`árafn Flg}rnj mng jov go`brlv ml fa`nrroglro* fogfdo q fn`xar|vo9 lgjnv Ng}ajjnv* c|nkaro* kàbnro q fn`x|go* q lg Ulgl{|ljn q Fojo`ban* jjnglro q vnbnglro' Xlro*nml`îv* bnvnr }omn lv}n xrox|lv}n lg mn}ov l`ngnmov ml maffaognraov ml n`lrafngav`ov q go mllgf|lv}nv ag va}| fogm|fl vag m|mn n crnulv lrrorlv* mlbamo n jn `l}omojocàn a`xroxan ~|l dngvlc|amo `|fdov ml lv}ov jltaföcrneov' \gn ûj}a`n q `|q rlfalg}l xrox|lv}n ml mauavaög lg{ognv manjlf}njlv n`lrafngnv* }n`baág ml ormlg játafo* lv}î bnvnmn lg |gn crng lgf|lv}nlvxlfanj`lg}l mavlþnmn xnrn lv}l xroxöva}o* f|qo f|lv}aognrao* ag}lcrnmo xor 2>1 x|g}ov* xrlc|g}nbn xor játafo |rbngo' Xnr}afaxnrog mofl fa|mnmlv n`lrafngnv; @átafo* Xngn`î* Vng}neáml Boco}î* ^|a}o* Fnrnfnv* Ja`n* Vng}anco* @og}luamlo* Fa|mnm ml B|lgov Narlv* Vng @ac|ljml ]|f|`îg* Jn Dnbngn q Vng K|ng ml X|lr}o Rafo* `îv jnv lvxnþojnv ml @nmram q Bnrfljogn xnrn lv}nbjlflr lj fog}rnv}l' Mlj ngîjavav ml lv}ov `n}lranjlv v|rcaö |gn crng unralmnm játafn $xor lkl`xjo Y xnjo`a}nv* fnbra}nv* xox forg* fo}|env* xororö* foxov ml `nà{* xofdnfjl* fngc|aj*

fngfdn* fngfda}n* rova}nv ml `nà{ P o Yfn{nmorn* ngorni* fdn`nrrn* xnrfn* fd|`xn/fdo`xn* knfil}* fn`xlrn* fnvnfnP!* ~|l vl mav}rab|qö n }rnuáv ml fagfo {ognv* f|n}ro n`lrafngnv q |gnlvxnþojn' Jnv xra`lrnv e|lrog; >! {ogn gor}l $@átafo* Xngn`î!9 2! {ogn ngmagn $Vng}neá mlBoco}î* ^|a}o* Fnrnfnv* Ja`n!9 6! Fogo V|r $Vng}anco* @og}luamlo* B|lgov Narlv q ]|f|`îg!*q =! `nr Fnrabl $Jn Dnbngn q Vng K|ng ml X|lr}o Rafo!' Lj xroqlf}o dn lg}rnmo lg |gn g|lunl}nxn* ~|l* lg}rl o}rnv fovnv* dn n`xjanmo v| `|lv}rn n`lrafngn' Qn vl ulrî va jov g|luov mn}ovforroborng o go lv}n mauavaög xrouavaognj'

@nxn >2'2; Xrox|lv}n ml mauavaög lg {ognv manjlf}njlv n`lrafngnv

LJ UOVLO LV DOQ LJ ÛGAFO ELGÖ@LGO MLJ LVXNÞOJ N@LRAFNGO ^\L GO ]ALGL XNRNJLJO LG GAGC\GN RLCAÖG LVXNÞOJN

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N jov elgö`lgov eogá}afov lv}|manmov vl dn |gamo |g rnvco òreovag}îf}afo; lj uovlo'Vl }rn}n ml jn fogvlrunfaög lg falr}nv rlcaoglv n`lrafngnv ml |g ualko elgö`lgo mlj lvxnþoj*~|l e|l mlvnxnrlfalgmo xn|jn}agn`lg}l ng}l lj }ra|geo mlj }|}lo' Lj }rn}nàlg}o ml }û lg}rlac|njlv vl a`x|vo* mlbamo nj xrlv}acao ~|l jl fogelràn lj dnbjn for}lvngn* n fov}n mlj ualko uov*~|l e|l ~|lmngmo nrragfognmo lg jnv {ognv `îv xlraeárafnv' Nvà v|flmaö fog jn rlcaögraoxjn}lgvl ”B|lgov Narlv go vl foguar}aö lg uarrlagn}o dnv}n `|q }nrml” q fog n`xjanv {ognvflg}ron`lrafngnv' Lj uovlo lv doq lj ûgafo elgö`lgo mlj lvxnþoj n`lrafngo ~|l go }algl xnrnjljo lg gagc|gn rlcaög lvxnþojn* x|lv }ng}o ml jn xlgàgv|jn foò ml jnv avjnv Fngnranvmlvnxnrlfaö dnfl qn unraov vacjov' Jn `nqor xnr}l ml N`árafn lv doq }|}lng}l9 vag l`bnrco* jovrlv}ov ml uovlo vog nb|gmng}lv'

Lv}n va}|nfaög ltxjafn vobrnmn`lg}l ~|l lj uovlo go vln |g fra}lrao û}aj xnrn ljlv}nbjlfaàlg}o ml {ognv manjlf}njlv* valgmo foò lv |g elgö`lgo àgora}nrao lg lj fog}aglg}l*nj `lgov go foò enf}or ûgafo' Lv ulrmnm ~|l lj uovlo go vl dn fogvlrunmo ml `nglrn|gaeor`l* q ~|l lvn unralmnm và xomràn nrroknr njc|gov rlv|j}nmov `îv xova}auov' Vog f|n}ro jov}axov fog ~|l f|lg}ng njc|gov manjlf}ov ml Davxngon`árafn; n! uov }l`áav9 b! uov }l`àv9 f! uov}l`áv* q m! uov }l`lv'

]omov maelrlg}lv vlcûg jn eor`n ulrbnj ~|l nfo`xnþl nj xrogo`brl xlrvognj' Lv}n

maulrvamnm dn mlòv}rnmo }lglr |gn falr}n |}ajamnm lg |gn maelrlgfanfaög `îv neagnmn ml {ognvmanjlf}njlv n`lrafngnv'

JOV XROBJL@NV ^\L NFNRRLN LJ LV]NBJLFA@ALG]O ML JN FOG]RNV]AUAMNM FOG LVXNÞN* GO MARL@OV QN LG]RL JNV MAULRVNV [OGNV DAVXNGON@LRAFNGNV* VOG ML CRNG @NCGA]\M

Jov ~|l nbocng xor |gn fnrnf}lra{nfaög l}aòjöcafn lg ltfj|vaun lvcra`lg rl~|ava}ovog}ojöcafov nj xnrlflr a`xrlvfagmabjlv; vog n`lrafngavòv jov }áràgov ~|l dng gnfamo lg v|ljon`lrafngo' Jnv xlraxlfanv |j}lraorlv ml lvl uofnb|jnrao* v| ltxngvaög }rngvn}jîg}afn davxîgafn lagfj|vo `îv njjî ml jnv erog}lrnv ml g|lv}ro amao`n* vog farf|gv}ngfanv ~|l fnrlflràng mla`xor}ngfan' Lv lv}l |g fra}lrao làglg}l`lg}l dav}örafo' Vl }rn}n ml |gn xovafaög `|q lv}rlfdn~|l jjlunràn n amlg}aeafnr n jov n`lrafngavòv fog jov agmaclgavòv' Jov ~|l rlfdn{ng lv}n

xovafaög jo dnflg xor~|l go fogvamlrng nmlf|nmn jn mlvacgnfaög ml "n`lrafngavò" xnrn}áràgov ~|l vog òglmn fo`ûg lg }omnv xnr}lv; fngfdn* fngon* fdofojn}l* dn`nfn* `nà{ * l}f'

Jn xovafaög fog}rnran mlealgml o}ro fra}lrao* lj ml |vo* ~|l x|lml `nglknrvl ml moveor`nv maelrlg}lv* fog fnrîf}lr clglrnj q fog mljaà}nfaoglv maelrlgfanjlv' Lj xra`lro ml ljjov ”lv lj fnvo ml jov jjn`nmov "játafov bîvafov" q "játafov mavxogabjlv"” rlfoclagmaelrlgfanmn`lg}l lj uofnb|jnrao |vnmo lg |gn ml}lr agnmn fo`|gamnm* lg lv}l fnvon`lrafngn* go a`xor}n ~|l vl |vl }n`baág lg Lvxnþn fog amág}afo vlg}amo' ^|lmn fjnro ~|l lv}nulrvaög go x|lml vn}avenflrgov' F|ngmo xlgvnòv lg |gn maelrlgfanfaög* lg}ogflv lg}rn lg k|lco jn fog}rnv}auamnm' Jov xrobjl`nv ~|l nfnrrln lj lv}nbjlfaàlg}o ml jn fog}rnv}auamnm fogLvxnþn* go marlòv qn lg}rl jnv maulrvnv {ognv davxngon`lrafngnv* vog ml crng `ncga}|m' Fjnro~|l val`xrl x|lml nf|marvl nj Maffaognrao nfnmáàfo* xlro go lv glflvnrao agvav}ar lg joagvlc|ro ml lv}n e|lg}l' Vl dng lvfra}o qn unraov àjlv ml xîcagnv xnrn mlòv}rnrjo' Q xor va ljjoe|lrn xofo* jov n}jnv jagcúàv}afov ml xl~|lþov moàgaov dng mlòv}rnmo lj |vo nb|gmng}l ml xnjnbrnv n jnv ~|l lj Maffaognrao* xor maulrvov ò}auov* jlv dn glcnmo jn uamn' Xnrlfl luamlg}l~|l go vlrîg n`lrafngavòv jov }áràgov ~|l uaung }ng}o lg |gn bngmn foò lg jn o}rn mljN}jîg}afo fog amág}afo vlg}amo* xlro và n~|ljjov uofnbjov ~|l* valgmo lvxnþojlv* vl |vng lgN`árafn fog nflxfaög g|lun o maelrlg}l n jn ml v| oraclg; "\gn uo{ ~|l gnfaö ~|aág vnblmögml* ~|l jo àvò vl |vn n~|à ~|l lg Lvxnþn* xlro ~|l lg N`árafn }algl nflxfaoglv mav}ag}nv*o mav}ag}n crneàn o mav}ag}n eogá}afn* lv }n`baág n`lrafngav o"* mlfàn lj jltaföcrneo `ltafngoVng}n`nràn9 nj cr|xo ml jnv ~|l dng fn`banmo v| vacgaeafnmo xlr}lglflràng* xor lkl`xjo* ng}l*

fo`nmrlkn* lv}ngfan* dnfalgmn* jncnr}o* jn|rlj* xlrl{ovo* xjnqn* lg}rl o}rnv* ~|l doq vacgaeafngfovnv maelrlg}lv n~|à q lg N`árafn'

O}ro a`xor}ng}l lkl`xjo ml lv}nv maelrlgfanv ml vacgaeafnmo lg}rl Lvxnþn q N`árafn vog

jnv xnjnbrnv "`njvogng}lv" q njc|gov ml jov }áràgov "v|v}a}|}ov"9 gov rlelraòv n n~|ljjnv ~|llg lj lvxnþoj l|roxlo }alglg vacgaeafnmov "agoflg}lv" q ~|l `îv njjî mlj N}jîg}afo dngnjfng{nmo |gov fog}lgamov vlt|njlv o lvfn}ojöcafov* ~|l fogv}a}|qlg doq màn jov eofov `îv

5




erlf|lg}lv ml }nb|a{nfaög' Fjnro ~|l lv}l `lfngavò }n`baág e|gfaogn n jn agulrvn; }áràgovfo`|glv lg N`árafn ~|l lg Lvxnþn ~|alrlg mlfar fovnv agmlforovnv'

Xlro dnq `îv' Ltav}lg falr}nv xnjnbrnv ~|l go dng fn`banmo v| vlg}amo oracagnj* xlro~|l lg Lvxnþn dng mlknmo ml |vnrvl dnfl `|fdo }al`xo' Fogv}a}|qlg mov crngmlv cr|xov* jovjjn`nmov "nrfnàvòv"* v|x|lv}n`lg}l mlvfogofamov lg lj lvxnþoj clglrnj ml Lvxnþn* xlro ~|le|lrog |vnmov xroe|vn`lg}l lg áxofnv xrl}ára}nv $m|rn{go* fnro{o* xojjlrn* rlformnr *"mlvxlr}nr"* fnfdnxlnr * l}f'!* q jov "`nraglravòv lg }alrrn"* n~|ljjov xlr}lglfalg}lv nj}lfgojlf}o ml jn `nraglràn* ~|l xrog}o m|rng}l jn fojoga{nfaög* vobrl }omo lg jnv {ognv xor}|nranv* l`xl{nrog n |}aja{nrvl fog |g fog}lgamo vl`îg}afo `îv clglrnj* mlvfogofamo lg jn`l}röxoja; n`nrrnr * "n}nr"9 bo}nr * "}arnr* lfdnr"9 xnjo* "îrboj"9 uarnr * "carnr"* l}f'

Njc|gov lv}|maovov ml}alglg n~|à lj ngîjavav fog}rnv}auo* ~|a{î nþnmalgmo n jnfog}rnv}auamnm vl`îg}afn ml `îv b|j}o* o}rnv* foò jnv òreojöcafnv $ xrlfaovamnm/xrlfaov|rn9

xroelvaognj/xroelvaogav}n9 agulrvor/agulrvaogav}n!* l}f'Xlro lv}l ûj}aò fra}lrao* ml |vo q fog}rnv}auo* vag m|mn lj xrlelramo xor jn jltafocrneàn

manjlf}nj nf}|nj* xrlvlg}n njc|gnv maeaf|j}nmlv }lörafnv' \g fogofamo jltaföcrneo ml xragfaxaov mlvacjo mlfàn;

Go xor~|l |gn uo{ Ygnfamn lg FdajlP vl |vl lg o}rov xnàvlv mlblrî xrovfrabarvl

foò fdajlgavò' Vac|algmo lvn gor`n ml ltfj|vaög* jjlcnràn lj fnvo ml ~|l xnvnrnn "rlv g|jja|v"' F|ngmo `îv* xor fogvac|alg}l* jl nelf}nràn jn go}n ml nrclg}agavòq fdajlgavò n jn ul{* xoglòv xor fnvo'

Q lg áxofnv `îv rlfalg}lv* o}ro lvxlfanjav}n gov rlformnbn ~|l lj gnd|n}javò }a{n vl |vn doq lg}omo lj `|gmo davxîgafo `lgov lg @átafo* mogml dn jocrnmo a`xoglrvl lj dljlgavò cav* q ~|llv}n va}|nfaög xomràn jjlunrgov n fnjaeafnr n jn xnjnbrn }a{n ml }omo `lgov ml `ltafngavò'

Lj fogflx}o ml n`lrafngavò vl lgerlg}n }n`baág n o}rov xrobjl`nv' Va jjlcnrn nlg}lgmlrvl xor }njlv vojo n~|ljjov }áràgov ~|l vl |vnrng lg }omn N`árafn q ~|l go e|lrngfogofamov lg gagc|gn xnr}l ml Lvxnþn* lv `|q xovabjl ~|l go ltav}alrng' Jo ~|l clglrnj`lg}lof|rrl lv o balg }áràgov fo`|glv n }omn Davxngon`árafn q fogofamov lg xnr}lv ml Lvxnþn* o balg xnjnbrnv |vnmnv vojo lg falr}nv {ognv mlj fog}aglg}l n`lrafngo' Jn f|lv}aög lg}ogflv lv

mav}agc|ar lg}rl n`lrafngavòv xroxan`lg}l }njlv q rlcaognjavòv $nrclg}agavòv* bojauangavòv*l}fá}lrn!'

]omnv lv}nv mavf|vaoglv xnrlflg xnr}ar ml jn foge|vaög lg}rl mov xjngov* lj }lörafo q ljnxjafnmo ml jn jltafocrneàn' Jn fogflx}|nja{nfaög }lörafn ml jo ~|l lv |g n`lrafngavò vojo x|lml e|gmnrvl lg v| oraclg9 o}rn fovn maelrlg}l vog jov "|vov n`lrafngov" ml }nj o f|nj xnjnbrn'

\ GN B\LGN XNR]L MLJ JÁTAFO \VNMO LG G\LV]ROV MÀNV LG JNV @\Q MAULRVNV [OGNV MLJ @\GMO DAVXÎGAFO LV FO@ÛG N ]OMOV JOV DNBA]NG]LV

Dnfl qn `|fdov nþov ~|l vl ualgl lfdngmo lg enj}n |g rlxlr}orao játafo mlj lvxnþojclglrnj9 vag lvl agulg}nrao* jn fjnvaeafnfaög ml jov `n}lranjlv ob}lgamov lg |gn agulv}acnfaögmnmn vl dnfl a`xovabjl* x|lv}o ~|l g|gfn vnbrlòv n falgfan falr}n va vl }rn}n ml }áràgov

clglrnjlv* xngdavxîgafov* o va* xor lj fog}rnrao* lv}nòv ng}l uofnb|jnrao xroxao ml |gnml}lràgnmn {ogn manjlf}nj' Foò jn ljnbornfaög ml |g rlxlr}orao clglrnj go x|lml jjlunrvl nfnbo vag fog}nr fog |gn n`xjan bnvl ml lv}|maov xnr}af|jnrlv* lv}nòv ng}l |g n|}ág}afo fàrf|jouafaovo' Xor o}rn xnr}l* lj fogflx}o àvò ml "játafo clglrnj" go lv}î ltlg}o ml ag}lrxrl}nfaoglvmaulrvnv' X|lml }rn}nrvl ml; >! lj fogk|g}o ml }omov jov ljl`lg}ov ml }omnv jnv unralmnmlv mljlvxnþoj* lg o}rnv xnjnbrnv* ml }omov jov uofnbjov ~|l xlr}lgl{fng n jn jlgc|n*agmlxlgmalg}l`lg}l ml ~|l vojo ltav}ng lg |gn {ogn lvxlfàeafn mlj `|gmo davxngodnbjng}l* q 2!lj fogk|g}o ml n~|ljjov ljl`lg}ov ~|l vlng xn}raògao fo`ûg ml }omnv jnv unralmnmlv mljlvxnþoj* mleagamnv lv}nv vlcûg fra}lraov |gaeor`lv'

Vn}avenflr jov rl~|lraàlg}ov ml jn xra`lrn fogflx}|nja{nfaög lv}î }omnuàn jlkov mlg|lv}ro njfngfl* n|g f|ngmo go dng flvnmo ml ljnbornrvl uofnb|jnraov rlcaognjlv mlvml ~|l lg

>465 vl x|bjafö jn xra`lrn lmafaög mlj Maffaognrao ml uoflv f|bngnv ml Xafdnrmo* f|qo lkl`xjoe|l vlc|amo `|q xrog}o n n`bov jnmov mlj N}jîg}afo'Lv}o ~|l xomràn jjlcnr n vlr |g rlxlr}orao agclg}l }algl xofnv xrobnbajamnmlv ml

3




rlnja{nrvl* nj `lgov* ml `nglrn ltdn|v}aun' Jn`lg}nbjl`lg}l* jnv rn{oglv xnrn }nj near`nfaögvog `|q nb|gmng}lv; dnq `|fdàva`nv {ognv xnrn jnv ~|l go fog}nòv fog jn `lgor ageor`nfaög9 lg o}rov fnvov* jov mn}ov ml ~|l mavxoglòv vog ml }omo x|g}o agv|eafalg}lv* o v|rlfocamn q xrlvlg}nfaög nmojlflg ml crnulv agfogulgalg}lv `l}omojöcafov* o rlvxogmlg náxofnv `|q njlknmnv lg}rl và* fog jo ~|l njc|gov nm~|alrlg |gn agfogulgalg}l ma`lgvaög}l`xornj* ~|l a`xaml o jaà}n lj ngîjavav fog}rnv}auo* o jov lv}|maovov l`xjlng |g vav}l`n ml`nrfnv vofaojagcúàv}afnv o xrnc`î}afnv* va jnv l`xjlng* ~|l go x|lmlg fo`xnrnrvl* q |g jnrcol}fá}lrn'

Jn lvxlrng{n ~|l v|bvav}l lv ~|l jov n}jnv jagcúàv}afov qn rlnja{nmov* ~|l vog `|q xofovlg N`árafn* q jov xroqlf}ov lg `nrfdn x|lmng jjlgnr }omov lv}ov unfàov o* nj `lgov* |gn b|lgn xnr}l ml ljjov'

^|a{î `îv a`xor}ng}l ~|l lv}n }nrln vln jn bûv~|lmn ml lvl v|bfogk|g}o játafo fo`ûg n}omnv jnv unralmnmlv jagcúàv}afnv davxîgafnv* |g uofnb|jnrao go `nrfnmo clocrîeafn`lg}l* ~|llg lv}l vlg}amo xomràn fn}njocnrvl foò "gl|}ro"' ]n`xofo lv eîfaj rlnja{nr lv}l }rnbnko* n|g~|lgo enj}ng `|lv}rnv maulrvnv ml jo ~|l mlbalrn vlr |gn agulv}acnfaög `îv nbnrfnmorn'

Lg >11> vl x|bjafnrog jov rlv|j}nmov ml |gn agulv}acnfaög ~|l `nglkö jov mn}ovnrroknmov xor lj F|lv}aognrao mlj "Lv}|mao foormagnmo ml jn gor`n jagcúàv}afn f|j}n ml jnv

xragfaxnjlv fa|mnmlv mlj `|gmo davxîgafo"9 lj `n}lranj ~|l flg}rö lj ngîjavav e|l vojo lj rlelramonj fn`xo mlj f|lrxo d|`ngo' Jn `|lv}rn ~|l varuaö ml bnvl n lv}l lv}|mao lrng v|kl}ov ml JnDnbngn* Vng}anco ml jov Fnbnjjlrov* lg jn Rlxûbjafn Moàgafngn* q Vng K|ng ml X|lr}o Rafo'

Jn xnr}l ngnja{nmn mlj F|lv}aognrao lv}nbn ag}lcrnmn xor 66> lg}rnmnv $ml jn 88> n jn668* fog jn 82= mlvmobjnmn lg n! q b!9 jn xrom|ffaög }o}nj ml xnjnbrnv e|l ml >258<* ml jnvf|njlv* 2 =84 lrng uofnbjov maelrlg}lv' Mlj }o}nj ml lv}ov ûj}aòv* 682* lv mlfar* |g nj}àvaò1>*2,* lrng fo`|glv n jnv fa|mnmlv ml jnv }rlv Ng}ajjnv9 vojo mofl $6*3,! oerlfàng mavfrlxngfanv xnrfanjlv* q >3 $<*> ,!* mavfrlxngfanv }o}njlv' Jnv foagfamlgfanv nbvoj|}nv njfng{nrog n 34}áràgov;

lv}lrgög* fnvxn* xlagnrvl* nela}nrvl* fnrn* v|mor* v|mnr* valglv* flknv* okov* YokovP fjnrov*

xîrxnmov* nrr|cnv* ulrr|cn* j|gnr* xorov* gnra{* lv}org|mo* lv}org|mnr* òfov* òfovo* bofn*

jnbaov* bnrbn* xn}ajjnv* vnjaun* lvf|xar* jlgc|n* malg}lv* lgfànv* òrmlr* fo`lr* dn`brl* daxo*

bov}l{o* oàmov* orlknv* vormlrn* vormo`|mo* `|mo* mor ar* mor ajög* cnrcng}n* n`àcmnjnv*do`brov* x|jòglv* rlvxarnfaög* forn{ög* lvxnjmn* `ám|jn lvxagnj* fov~|ajjnv* xl{ög* fag}|rn*

fnmlrnv* o`bjaco* dlrgan* dàcnmo* raþoglv* vngcrl* ulgnv* bn{o* ulkacn* brn{o* ng}lbrn{o* fomo*

`|þlfn* `ngov* mlmo àgmafl* mlmo ng|jnr* xnj`n ml jn `ngo* `|vjov* xalrgnv* romajjnv* xalv*

xjng}n mlj xal* }njög* }obajjo* k|ngl}l'

O}rov }rnbnkov va ajnrlv* n|g~|l fog maelrlg}lv fn`xov játafov q `|lv}rnv `îvnbnrfnmornv* dng oerlfamo ageor`nfaög nmafaognj' Lv ulrmnm ~|l lg lj fnvo ml |gn ml lvnvagulv}acnfaoglv lj xroxöva}o e|gmn`lg}nj go lrn jn bûv~|lmn mlj uofnb|jnrao davxîgafo fo`ûg*vago `îv balg jo fog}rnrao* lj játafo mavfrlxng}l* xlro ml v|v mn}ov lv xovabjl lg}rlvnfnr njc|go`|q vacgaeafn}auo' Lj obkl}auo n~|à lrn mlvf|brar f|îjlv lrng jnv foagfamlgfanv q jnv maelrlgfanvlg}rl lj játafo |vnmo xrlmoàgng}l`lg}l lg jnv crngmlv {ognv |rbngnv ml Davxngon`árafn q lg@nmram'

V| agv}r|`lg}o ml agulv}acnfaög lv}î fogv}a}|amo xor |gn vljlffaög ml xrlc|g}nv mljF|lv}aognrao mlj "Lv}|mao foormagnmo"* ncr|xnmnv lg `|q maelrlg}lv fn`xov vl`îg}afov $ljf|lrxo d|`ngo* jn nja`lg}nfaög* lj ulv}|nrao* jn fnvn* jn enàjan* lj fafjo ml uamn* jn vnj|m* jnuamn vofanj* maulrvaoglv* jn fa|mnm* lj fo`lrfao* }rngvxor}lv q uanklv* jov `lmaov mlfo`|gafnfaög* fo`lrfao lt}lraor* xojà}afn gnfaognj* vagmafn}ov q fooxlrn}aunv* xroelvaoglv qoeafaov* `|gmo eagngfalro* jn lgvlþng{n* jn acjlvan* `l}lorojocàn* lj }al`xo frogojöcafo* lj}lrrlgo* ulcl}njlv* ncraf|j}|rn* nga`njlv q cngnmlràn!' E|lrog mov jnv fogmafaoglv ~|l c|anroglv}n vljlffaög; xor |gn xnr}l* ~|l vl }rn}nrn ml fogflx}ov ~|l go xrlvlg}nrng gagc|gn maeaf|j}nm nv|kl}ov ml gauljlv f|j}|rnjlv `lmaov* q xor o}rn* ~|l oerlfalrng falr}n cnrng}àn ml unranfaög lg ljî`ba}o davxîgafo' Mlbamo n lv}l ûj}aò rl~|ava}o go e|lrog vljlffaognmov n~|ljjov }áràgov ~|ljnv agulv}acnfaoglv ng}lraorlv mlfjnrnbng fo`|glv n }omnv jnv fojlf}auamnmlv lv}|manmnv

$lv~|ljl}o* frîglo* do}lj* er|}n* xng}njög* fnàvn* nr~|a}lf}o* njbnþaj * xor lkl`xjo!'N|g~|l lv}n farf|gv}ngfan njlknbn lj lv}|mao ml g|lv}ro xroxöva}o nf}|nj* lv û}ajfogvacgnr ~|l* go obv}ng}l* jnv foagfamlgfanv lg jnv xnjnbrnv lg |vo njfng{nrog |g 62*2,'

4




]ágcnvl lg f|lg}n* nml`îv* ~|l n~|à vl dnbjn ml |vo xrlmoàgng}l* jo ~|l go ltfj|ql ~|l* va balg jn uo{ xrlelramn ml njc|gn fa|mnm davxngon`lrafngn vln o}rn* go vl fogo{fn q vl |vl}n`baág jn ~|l lg @nmram rlv|j}n `îv erlf|lg}l' Foò lv eîfaj ml v|xoglr* jnv faernv mlfoagfamlgfanv játafnv* ml |vo xrlmoàgng}l o go* n|`lg}nràng fogvamlrnbjl`lg}l'

@îv rlfalg}l`lg}l* n |gn n`xjan `|lv}rn ml fa|mnmlv davxngon`lrafngnv* `îv @nmramq Bnrfljogn* vl nxjafö |g f|lv}aognrao játafo ml 2>1 x|g}ov* fogelffaognmo lvxlfanj`lg}l xnrnlv}n agulv}acnfaög' Jn fogmafaög lv}nbjlfamn xnrn jn vljlffaög ml lv}ov }ár agov lv ~|l xlr}lglfalrng nj uofnb|jnrao |rbngo òmlrgo' Foò lj obkl}auo mlj xroqlf}o lv mlvf|brar jnvvl`lkng{nv játafnv lg}rl {ognv xnrn xomlr ml}lràgnr v|v jàà}lv q lv}nbjlflr |gn ncr|xnfaög mljnv àv`nv* n|g~|l e|lrn xrouavaognj* jov mn}ov rljn}auov nj játafo xngdavxîgafo xnvng n |gvlc|gmo xjngo'

Mlj }o}nj ml |gamnmlv játafnv lgf|lv}nmnv* 5= $|g 21*2,! vog clglrnjlv* nxnrlflg lg}omnv jnv {ognv lv}nbjlfamnv' Lj xorflg}nkl mlkn ml xnrlflr xl~|lþo }ng xrog}o foò vl xalgvnlg jn gn}|rnjl{n mlj uofnb|jnrao lgf|lv}nmo* lg lj ~|l xalrmlg oxor}|gamnm ml nxnrlflr jov}áràgov xn}raòganjlv9 mlbl rlformnrvl* nml`îv* ~|l lj lv}|mao }rnbnkn fog göàgn nf}aun* xor jo ~|l go }o`n lg fogvamlrnfaög lj dlfdo ml ~|l falr}ov }áràgov ~|l dnba}|nj`lg}l go vl |vnglg |gn rlcaög ml}lràgnmn vlng fo`xrlgmamov njjà fog }omn gor`njamnm'

@alg}rnv ~|l jov lv}|maov ng}lraorlv }rnbnkng fog f|lv}aognraov }rnmafaognjlv* lv}ov o}rov~|l ndorn rluavnòv dng `nglknmo lj `nrfo }lörafo-`l}omojöcafo ml jn mavxogabajamnm játafn'Vl }rn}n ml xr|lbnv nvofan}aunv lg jnv ~|l |g lv}à`|jo mnmo* xor lkl`xjo* "xroelvaoglv qoeafaov"* xrom|fl lg fnmn v|kl}o |gn vlral ml }áràgov rljnfaognmov ~|l vl lgf|lg}rng lg v|jltafög `lg}nj' Ml lv}n eor n ltxlra`lg}nj lj v|kl}o nf}|nja{n |g uofnb|jnrao ~|l vojo xrom|faràn va lj }l`n mlj mavf|rvo vl jo xlrà}alrn' N maelrlgfan ml jnv xnjnbrnv ml crngerlf|lgfan* lv}nv o}rnv ”clglrnj`lg}l* v|v}ng}auov” xovllg fog}lgamov vl`îg}afov `|qfogfrl}ov* xor jo ~|l vog xofo |vnmnv'

F|n}ro agulv}acnfaoglv xrluanv ml játafo mavxogabjl* jnv ml X|lr}o Rafo* @nmram* jnRlxûbjafn Moàgafngn q Jnv Xnj`nv ml Crng Fngnran* varualrog ml bnvl xnrn |gn xra`lrnnxrota`nfaög nj }l`n' Vl }rn}nbn ml lg}rlvnfnr ml lv}nv jav}nv lj játafo fo`xnr}amo xor lv}nvfo`|gamnmlv'

Crnfanv n |g fo`xjlko ngmnànkl lv}nmàv}afo vl x|mo ml}lràgnr ~|l jov crnmov mlfo`xn}abajamnm lrng `|fdo `îv bnkov ~|l jov lvxlrnmov' Ml jov }o}njlv mlj uofnb|jnraomavxogabjl ml lv}nv f|n}ro fo`|gamnmlv $X|lr}o Rafo* 5 8<19 @nmram* 5 2539 RlxûbjafnMoàgafngn* < >=6* q Jnv Xnj`nv* 4 4>8!* vojo > 263 uofnbjov e|lrog fo`|glv* faern ~|l nrrokn|gov xorflg}nklv `|q xobrlv; lg}rl @nmram q Jnv Xnj`nv lj crnmo ml fo`xn}abajamnm lrn ml22*82,* lg}rl @nmram q X|lr}o Rafo* ml >=*48,* q lg}rl @nmram q jn Rlxûbjafn Moàgafngn*>3*2>,9 lg}rl Jnv Xnj`nv q X|lr}o Rafo* ml |g >4*13,* q lg}rl Jnv Xnj`nv q jn RlxûbjafnMoàgafngn* ml |g 26*38,9 lg}rl X|lr}o Rafo q jn Rlxûbjafn Moàgafngn* jn fo`xn}abajamnm lrnml vojo |g 2=*>4,' Lj n|}or* vag l`bnrco* gov nmualr}l ~|l va jnv jav}nv oracagnjlv vl d|balvlgmlx|rnmo* lg lj vlg}amo ml lt}rnlr jnv ernvlv q jov fo`x|lv}ov enjvov* vl d|balrng xomamo b|vfnr `îv obkl}aun`lg}l jov unjorlv ml fo`xn}abajamnm' \gn vlc|gmn agulv}acnfaög* agvn}avelfdn foglv}nv fogfj|vaoglv* rl}o`ö jn f|lv}aög' Jn bnvl mlj }rnbnko lv}î fogv}a}|amn xor jov àvòv mn}ovml X|lr}o Rafo* @nmram q jn Rlxûbjafn Moàgafngn `nglknmov lg jn agulv}acnfaög ng}lraor* `îvjov ml @átafo fnxa}nj q jn fa|mnm fdajlgn ml Fogflxfaög' Jnv lv}nmàv}afnv vl bnvng lg jnv xra`lrnv <8 xnjnbrnv ml jnv jav}nv ml fnmn fo`|gamnm $lg }o}nj 2<8!* xrom|famnv lg }rlv flg}rovml ag}lráv o fn`xov játafov; n! lj f|lrxo d|`ngo9 b! `lmaov ml }rngvxor}l* q f! nja`lg}ov' V|vfogfj|vaoglv vog `|q maelrlg}lv* x|lv}o ~|l jov àgmaflv ml fo`xn}abajamnm játafn n|`lg}ngfogvamlrnbjl`lg}l'

Lg "lj f|lrxo d|`ngo" fnmn manjlf}o fo`xnr}l 62 xnjnbrnv fog jov o}rov f|n}ro* jo ~|lrlxrlvlg}n |gn fo`xn}abajamnm ml |g 5=,' N~|à lj gû`lro ml |gamnmlv ml játafo fo`ûg lvvacgaeafn}aun`lg}l ljlunmo;

bofn* brn{o* fnbl{n* fnrn* flkn* flrlbro* forn{ög* f|ljjo* mlmo* malg}l* lv}ö`nco* dàcnmo*

do`bro* ag}lv}ago* jlgc|n* `ngo* `|þlfn* `|vjo* gnra{* oàmo* oko* orlkn* xljo* xlv}nþn* xal*

xalrgn* x|j`ög* raþög* romajjn* }obajjo* |þn* ulgn'O}rov val}l }áràgov vog fo`|glv n f|n}ro fo`|gamnmlv $fomo* lvöenco* lvxnjmn* d|lvo*

xlfdo* xlgl* }rogfo! q o}rov g|lul n }rlv ml ljjnv $ng}lbrn{o* fnbljjo* fnmlrn* frîglo* cnrcng}n*

1




jnbao* `ûvf|jo* xîgfrlnv* }örnt!' Lj n|}or gov nmualr}l ~|l go mlbl xlgvnrvl ~|l jnv rlv}ng}lv >4 xnjnbrnv ml fnmn fogk|g}o oerlflg maelrlgfanv f|nja}n}aunv lg}rl jnv {ognv lv}|manmnv9 xor ljfog}rnrao* lj ltn`lg ml lvov }áràgov rluljn ~|l }omov vag ltflxfaög lv}îg xrlvlg}lv lg }omovjov manjlf}ov ngnja{nmov* fog jn ûgafn maelrlgfan ml v| unjor lg jn lvfnjn ml mavxogabajamnm9àlg}rnv ~|l fag}|rn* xor lkl`xjo* nxnrlfl lg jn xovafaög <8 lg X|lr}o Rafo* lv}î lg jn xovafaög<< lg @nmram* lg jn <1 lg Fogflxfaög* lg jn 52 lg jn Rlxûbjafn Moàgafngn q lg jn >25 lg jnFa|mnm ml @átafo'

Lg jov o}rov mov flg}rov jn va}|nfaög vl rlxa}l* n|g~|l unràlg jnv faernv ml jov xra`lrov<8 j|cnrlv ml jnv jav}nv; "`lmaov ml }rngvxor}l"* =8,9 "nja`lg}ov"* 24,'

Lj rlm|far lj ngîjavav n lv}nv xroxorfaoglv ”jov xra`lrov <8 crnmov ml mavxogabajamnm” oerlfl |gn ulg}nkn agglcnbjl* ~|l jn àv`n agulv}acnfaög vl lgfnrcn ml v|brnqnr; fogv}a}|qlg ljjátafo `îv rlxrlvlg}n}auo mlg}ro ml fnmn flg}ro ml ag}lráv' Lv}o lua}n ~|l vl ag}lcrlg nj ltn`lgjov ljl`lg}ov }o}nj`lg}l ofnvaognjlv* xrom|famov xor |gov xofov v|kl}ov q* lg ofnvaoglv* vojo xor |go ml ljjov* jo ~|l rlv|j}n aglua}nbjl va vl `nglkng jav}nv fo`xjl}nv' Lv ulrmnm ~|l* xor o}rn xnr}l* go vl nfnbn ml }lglr |gn amln ltnf}n ml }omo lj játafo fo`ûg* x|lv vog `|fdov jovuofnbjov ~|l ~|lmng e|lrn ml jnv göàgnv nj nxnrlflr lg rngcov agelraorlv nj jàà}l lv}nbjlfamo'

\g }rnbnko xov}lraor bnvn v| ngîjavav lg lj fogk|g}o ml xnjnbrnv ~|l fogv}a}|qlg lj 3<,

mlj àgmafl nf|`|jnmo ml fnmn jav}n9 ml lv}n `nglrn vl nvlc|rn ml ~|l vojo jov uofnbjov ~|leor`ng xnr}l ml jn gor`n játafn ml jnv fo`|gamnmlv lv}|manmnv* X|lr}o Rafo q Crng Fngnran*vog }o`nmov lg fogvamlrnfaög* mlkngmo e|lrn jnv `lgfaoglv eor}|a}nv o fog `|q bnkovrlgmaàlg}ov lv}nmàv}afov' Jov }áràgov mavfrlxng}lv go vobrlxnvng lj 1,* jo ~|l agmafn ~|l ljfoagfamlg}l lv nbr|`nmorn`lg}l `nqora}nrao' Jov 44 uofnbjov xrlvlg}lv lg jnv jav}nv x|lr}orra~|lþnv ~|l go }alglg xnrnjljo lg jnv fngnranv vog jov vac|alg}lv;

- brnvvalrl* xng}njogfajjov9

- jn|gmrq9

- cnbagl}l* fo`xoglg}l* k|lco ml fo`lmor* }nbjajjlro* fdaglro* k|lco ml vnjn9- cngm|j* c|aglo* k|co ml fdagn* dn`b|rclr* fdagn* fn`nrög* `nj}n* uangmn9

- cnbagl}l* xafnmor9- b|j}o* `n~|agajjn9

- nbngafo* erào* narl* fjnramnm* voj* vsa}fd* ejnvdjacd}* erlvfo* narl flg}rnj* fo`xrlvor* bo}ög9- fogmo agao* fnvlrào* }nxög* foj`nmo* x|lbjo* xjn{n ml `lrfnmo* }rîgva}o* lv}nfaognàlg}o*

ò}orn* boga}n9- ~|lbrnmn* fneá* c|aglo* fdagn* fnbro* crn`n* qn|}àn* `ngcö* fo~|à9

- mlvqlrbnr* for}nr crn`n* rlfor}nr crn`n* rlfoclr fneá* rlcnr xjng}n* vl`brnr ejorlv* for}nr fnþn* ormlþnr unfnv* rlcnr nc|n* nrrlcjnr ejorlv* foclr fneá* nrnr }alrrn* rofanr* vl`brnr xjng}nv* rlcnr

nbogo9- jncnr}ako* fnbro9

- voebnjj* fdagavvl-fdlfilrv* n}nra* xav}n q fn`xo* ulr }ljluavaög* cúakn* lvfogmlrvl* ar n jn xjnqn*agman* forrlr bafafjl}n* dngmvbnjj* }oxo* xnf-`ng9

- xjo`lro* }rnbnknmor vofanj* doknjn}lro* fog}nmor* }lrnxav}n* lgelr`lràn* `nlv}rn'

Vag l`bnrco* lv}nv 44 xnjnbrnv ~|lmng rlm|famnv n 31* mlbamo n ~|l jov xro}ofojov mllmafaög |}aja{nmov lg n`bov fnvov unràng jaclrn`lg}l* q nvà àlg}rnv ~|l X|lr}o Rafo f|lg}n xor

vlxnrnmo `nlv}ro* `nlv}rn* Crng Fngnran jnv fojofn bnko lj àvò jl`n' Nml`îv ml lv}l fnvo*mlbl }lglrvl lg f|lg}n o}ro nvxlf}o `l}omojöcafo; ltxrlvaoglv foò ulr }ljluavaög* ar n jn xjnqn

q forrlr bafafjl}n nxnrlflg lg jov `n}lranjlv fngnraov bnko jov v|v}ng}auov rlvxlf}auov' O}roenf}or ~|l }n`baág oblmlfl n mavfrlxngfanv ml `á}omo lv lj crnmo ml lvxlfaeafnfaög ~|l vl mao njov flg}rov ml ag}lráv $n|g~|l lv}ov e|lrog jov àvòv!9 lj dlfdo ml ~|l lg lj flg}ro 81 dnqngvnjamo lg X|lr}o Rafo xnjnbrnv foò fjnramnm * voj * narl erlvfo q erào lv}î marlf}n`lg}lrljnfaognmo fog ~|l go vl x|vo ml `ngaealv}o ~|l lj flg}ro "Aj|àgnfaög q narl nfogmafaognmo"vl rlelràn vojo n `lmaov nr}aeafanjlv ml aj|àgnr q narlnr |g rlfag}o' Qn lg o}ro ormlg ml fovnv* lveîfaj ltxjafnrvl ~|l n `lmamn lg ~|l nxnrlflg ltxrlvaoglv v|xlraorlv n jn xnjnbrn $rlcnr xjng}n*

vl`brnr ejorlv* ormlþnr unfnv* l}f'! mavàg|qlg jnv xovabajamnmlv ml foagfamlgfanv lg}rl jovjav}nmov' Va vl }algl lg f|lg}n }omo lv}o* jnv maelrlgfanv vl rlm|flg n 54' Q fog }omo* dnq ~|llvxlfaeafnr ~|l njc|gov }áràgov vog jov àvòv* xlro nxnrlflg lg agcjáv lg jn avjn fnrablþn q

lg lvxnþoj lg Fngnranv* q ~|l o}rnv xnjnbrnv* fog lj àvò vacgaeafnmo* nxnrlflg lg flg}rov mlag}lráv maelrlg}lv* j|lco vog fogofamnv' ]omo ljjo rlm|fl jn faern agafanj n <3 xnjnbrnv

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Ml jov }rnbnkov ng}lraorlv* fogvamlrnmov v|v obkl}auov q fogvac|alg}lv xovabjlvjaà}nfaoglv xnrn g|lv}ro xroxöva}o* xnrlfl mlvxrlgmlrvl |gn fogfj|vaög clglrnj; |gn b|lgn xnr}l mlj játafo |vnmo lg g|lv}rov mànv lg jnv `|q maulrvnv {ognv mlj `|gmo davxîgafo lv fo`ûgn }omov jov dnbjng}lv' @|fdnv xnjnbrnv forrlvxogmlg nj moàgao játafo nf}auo9 vag m|mn vlrîg`îv jnv ~|l ag}lcrlg jnv göàgnv xnvaunv* n|g~|l nûg lv}lòv jlkov ml mavxoglr ml mn}ovfogfrl}ov'

]nj fogfj|vaög go lv vorxrlgmlg}l* va vl nmualr}l |g rnvco agglcnbjl ml jn f|j}|rn nf}|nj*v| frlfalg}l ag}lrgnfaognja{nfaög' Jn doòclglamnm játafn ~|l xnjxnòv lv lj rlv|j}nmo ”q jovlrî `îv” ml jn gauljnfaög ~|l un xrom|faágmovl xor lj ulr}acagovo frlfaàlg}o ml jnvfo`|gafnfaoglv' Dnq enfl}nv ml jn f|j}|rn }rnmafaognj mlv}agnmnv n rle|canrvl lg {ognv r|rnjlv* o~|a{î n xlrlflr* fog jn fogvac|alg}l òr}ngmnm játafn' Lg fn`bao* `|fdov ml jov lt}rngklravòv~|l xor e|lr{n vl nfja`n}ng lg}rl govo}rov xrlvlg}ng |gn }lgmlgfan flg}ràxl}n* lv mlfar* n jn|gaeor`nfaög' Vojo jov glojocavòv n|}öf}ogov vlc|arîg xrom|falgmo lg jo e|}|romaelrlgfanfaoglv játafnv ml a`xor}ngfan'

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tlit1 u3 lopez morales_¿es uniforme el español?

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