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Transmission Line Arrester TLA


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TLA Transmission Line Surge Arrester

Introduction

Numerous technical publications have stated that lightning is responsible for approximately

65% of all of the non-scheduled outages occurring on transmission lines, thus creating many

issues for power supply utilities.

Power supply utilities themselves have verified the load losses due to voltage sags on their

systems from transitory outages caused by lightning activity and in some regions they have

found serious permanent damage caused to the system itself due to these transitory

disturbances occurring on important lines.

The effect of these transitory disturbances on transmission lines can also be more critical in

areas with high ground resistivity when associated with high lightning activity.

Although it is a fact that most of the non-scheduled outages are transitory in nature, with a

fault time shorter than 1 minute, in many cases this is still deemed, by power supply utilities

and their customers, to be unacceptable. This loss of supply is critical for all modern

industries now so reliant on sophisticated electronic equipment and especially production

processes sensitive to momentary disturbances on the system.

In order to reduce the number of non-scheduled outages in electrical systems, power

companies and industrial consumers have been studying and promoting improvements to

transmission lines thereby increasing their reliability.

There are different methods to improve transmission lines performance due to lightning:

a) Increase the dry arcing distance from the insulators strings.

b) Install shield wires in lines without shield wire.

c) Improve the shield wire performance.

d) Improve the grounding system performance of surges by improving the tower footing resistance.

e) Installation of transmission line arresters to counteract the effects of lightning or switching activity

In most cases line arresters (TLA), electrically connected in parallel with the insulator string,

have been considered as the most effective method currently applied to improve

transmission line performance, especially when associated with improvements to the

grounding system and usually presents the best benefit versus cost relationship in reducing

flashovers of the insulator string due to excessive voltages.

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TLA

Transmission Line Surge Arresters up to 230 kV

Utility

Utilities are required by demand to increase

availability and reliability of transmission systems.

Therefore eliminating operational high cost outages

and mandoratory penalties is high on the agenda.

Key Features

HV arrester suspended from a transmission line

giving enhanced transmission line performance.

Increasing system line voltage on standard

insulated transmission lines.

Benefits of TLA Applications

Minimising circuit breaker operation with possible

system outage resulting from back flashover on the

transmission line.

Switching overvoltages are absorbed over the

length of the line reducing the severity of surge at

the substation.

Transmission systems can be operated even where

sub-soil gives poor tower footing resistance.

Eliminating interrupted power supply for sensitive

industrial processes.

Installing Transmission Line Arresters on a standard

3 phase voltage system along the line, at calculated

intervals, allows for optimum performance of the

TLA, to give an increased system line voltage.

Therefore eliminating the need to increase the

standard insulation level required on conventional

system upgrade.

3

Suspension Clamp

Grading Ring for

voltages above 150

kV

Silicone Rubber

Insulation

Earth Cable with

StrainRelief

Disconnect Device


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Electrical Performance

Specification: IEC60099-4

Classification: 10kA

Voltage Rating: 15 to 192kV

High Current Performance: 100kA

Line Discharge Class: 2

Minimum Energy Capability:

4.5kJ/kV at Ur according to IEC60099-4

(Clause 7.4.2 table 4 and 7.5.5.5)

TLA1 15 - 45 kV

TLA2 48 - 96 kV

TLA3 108 - 144 kV

TLA4 150 - 192 kV

Disconnect Device tested in accordance

with IEC 60099-4 Class2.

Insulation Material: Silicone

Rubber

Vibration Tested Report No.

BOE002000

TLA3-120 - 138 kV System, Brazil

4

TLA Dimensions

TLA1

TLA2

TLA3

TLA4

A

A

A

A


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Protective Characteristics

Product

Code

Rating

Voltage

kV

Max.

cont.

operating

voltage(COV)

kV

Temporary

over-

voltage

capabilityfor 1 sec

(TOV)

kV

Max Residual voltage kV crest with current wave Steep

Current

Residual

Voltage10 kA

kV

Crest

Switching surge

30/60 uS

Lightning Current

8/20 uS

125 A

kV

500 A

kV

5 kA

kV

10 kA

kV

20 kA

kV

TLA1B15L1E1M2 15 12 17.1 31.1 33.3 41.4 45.9 51.6 46.7

TLA1B18L1E1M0 18 14 20.5 39.2 41.7 50.5 54.4 61.8 59.5

TLA1B21L1E1M0 21 17 24.0 43.8 46.5 56.4 61.4 69.0 67.1

TLA1B24L1E1M0 24 19 27.4 50.1 53.2 64.5 69.5 78.9 75.6

TLA1B27L1E1M0 27 22 30.8 54.8 58.2 70.6 76.3 86.4 83.3

TLA1C30L1E1M0 30 24 34.2 60.9 64.8 78.5 84.6 96.0 92.0

TLA1C36L1E1M0 36 29 41.1 71.8 76.3 92.4 100 113 108

TLA1C39L1E1M0 39 31 44.5 76.4 81.2 98.4 106 120 115

TLA1E42L1E1M0 42 34 47.9 82.7 87.8 106 115 130 125

TLA1E45L1E1M0 45 36 51.3 88.8 94.4 114 123 140 134

TLA2C48L1E1M0 48 38.4 54.8 93.9 100 121 130 148 142

TLA2C60L1E1M0 60 48 68.4 115 122 148 160 182 174

TLA2C72L1E1M0 72 57.6 82.0 137 146 176 190 216 207

TLA2C75L1E1M0 75 60 85.5 144 153 186 200 227 218

TLA2E84L1E1M0 84 67.2 95.8 159 169 204 220 250 240

TLA2E96L1E1M0 96 76.8 109 182 193 234 252 286 275

TLA3C108L1E1M0 108 86.4 123 202 215 260 281 319 305

TLA3C120L1E1M0 120 96 137 225 239 286 312 354 339

TLA3E138L1E1M0 138 110 157 261 277 336 362 411 394

TLA3E144L1E1M0 144 115 164 271 288 349 377 427 410

TLA4C150L1E1M0 150 120 171 285 303 367 396 449 430

TLA4E168L1E1M0 168 134 192 314 333 404 435 494 474

TLA4E180L1E1M0 180 144 205 338 359 435 470 533 511

TLA4E192L1E1M0 192 154 219 376 399 484 521 594 591

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Mechanical and Reference Information

Total

Creepage

mm

(nom)

Overall

height

mm

(max)A

Drawing

Reference

Pivot

Suspension

Clamp

DrawingReference

Disconnect

Drawing

Reference

Strain

Relief

System

DrawingReference

Data

Sheet

Reference

E1 E2

930 321 BOW-19-001 BOW-19-011 BOW-19-012 - BOW-EPP-TLA1B-15





1310 476 BOW-19-002 BOW-19-011 BOW-19-012 - BOW-EPP-TLA1C-30



2000 476 BOW-19-003 BOW-19-011 BOW-19-012 - BOW-EPP-TLA1E-42

2000 476 BOW-19-003 BOW-19-011 BOW-19-012 - BOW-EPP-TLA1E-45

2620 952 BOW-19-004 BOW-19-011 - BOW-19-013 BOW-EPP-TLA2C-48




4000 952 BOW-19-005 BOW-19-011 - BOW-19-013 BOW-EPP-TLA2E-84










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Accessories

TLA Pivot Suspension Clamp

Clamp Conductor Dimensions mm U Bolt Weight

Range Dia. A B C D Torque

L2 9.5 - 19 mm 180 80 90 40 45 Nm 1.8 kgs

L3 18 - 30 mm 217 90 110 50 45 Nm 3.0 kgs

L4 30 - 45 mm 267 100 120 64 75 Nm 4.3 kgs

L5 45 - 65 mm 320 120 140 86 75 Nm 6.0 kgs

7

Galvanised Steel

Clamp Straps &

Fixings

Galvanised

Steel Line palm

M16 x 35 Min.

Full Thread

Aluminium Line

Clamp

M12 Connection

For Shorting

Braid / Cable

Suspension Clamp

Assembly

Copper Shorting

Braid / Cable

TLASurge Arrester

TLA Disconnect - E1 TLA Strain Relief System - E2

TLA Surge Arrester

Disconnect Device

Earth Connection

TLA Surge Arrester

Disconnect Device

Earth Connection

Strain Relief

Shackle and Swivel

Joint

Strain Relief Wire

Connection

Earthing Configuration


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Performance

Improving the reliability of a 69kV transmission line effected by lightning.

Individual Towers Protected with TLA

Probability

of

flashover

100.0

80.0

60.0

40.0

20.0

0.0

26 27 34 35 36 43 52 61 63 73 75 81 83 84 86

Tower Numbers

Actual without TLA 1 TLA per circuit 2 TLAs per circuit

Installing one TLA on an individual tower reduces the probability of flashover. If you take

a look at (tower 35) which has an 80% probability of flashover, this can be reduced to less

than 60% with one TLA installed on the bottom phase. If a second TLA is installed the

reduction in probability is minimal.

Typical Transmission Line 69 kV

Adjacent Towers Protected With TLA

100.0

80.0

60.0

40.0

20.0

0.0

Probability

of

flashover

26 27 34 35 36 43 52 61 63 73 75 81 83 84 86

Installation of additional TLAs on adjacent towers reduces the probability of flashover on

(tower 35) to less than 30% and then if you install a further TLA on (tower 35) again the

probability of flashover is reduced to less than 20%.

Tower Numbers

Actual without TLA 1 TLA per circuit 2 TLAs per circuit

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Tower installations

The number of the TLA installed on the tower depends

basically on the tower geometry and configuration as well as

the earthing transient impedance behaviour.

For towers with a horizontal conductor configuration,

conductors in a single line across the tower, normal practice is

to install a TLA on both of the two outside phase conductors.

For towers with a vertical conductor configuration, conductors

arranged above each other, the resultant transient voltage

across the insulators string sets is usually higher at the bottomphase, which presents a lower distance to the soil and lowest

coupling with the shield wire. Therefore, transmission lines

with a vertical configuration and low tower footing

impedance, only one TLA is necessary to install on the bottom

phase, but for higher impedances it might be necessary install

two and sometimes three TLAs.

A direct lightning strike to the transmission line without a

shield wire will cause the discharge current i(t) to divide into

two current waves travelling on the both directions down the

line with magnitude of i( t ) / 2 (it is valid when we consider

the impedance of the discharge channel as infinite). This

current therefore produces a voltage wave v (t) in both

directions which considering as a first approach that the

transmission line is without losses and distortions, results in a

voltage along the line which can be estimated by:

V ( t ) = Z0 . i ( t ) / 2

For lines with shield wires, the voltage on the top of the tower

will be significantly lower and will depend on the lightning

striking point, the tower impedance and mainly of the earthing

transient behaviour.

9

Tower

Insulator

Line

TLA

Disconnect

Device

Lead Earth

Tower

Insulator

Line

Lead Earth

Disconnect

Device

TLA

Tower

Insulator Line

TLA

Disconnect

Device

Earth Lead


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For further information contact [email protected]

All of the above information, including drawings, illustrations and graphic designs, reflects our present understanding and is to the best of our knowledge and belief correct and

reliable. Users, however, should independently evaluate the suitability of each product for the desired application. Under no circumstances does this constitute an assurance of any

particular quality or performance. Such an assurance is only provided in the context of our product specifications or explicit contractual arrangements. Our liability for these products

is set forth in our standard terms - conditions of sale. ALR, AMP, AXICOM, B&H, BOWTHORPE EMP, CROMPTON INSTRUMENTS, DORMAN SMITH, DULMISON, GURO, HELLSTERN,

LA PRAIRIE, MORLYNN, RAYCHEM, and SIMEL are trademarks.

Energy Division a pioneer in the development of economical solutions for

the electrical power industry. Our product range includes: cable accessories,

connectors & fittings, electrical equipment, instruments, lighting controls,

insulators & insulation enhancement and surge arresters.

For more information and your country contact person, please visit us at:

http://energy.tycoelectronics.com

Tyco Electronics Bowthorpe EMPStevenson Road, Brighton, East Sussex, England BN2 0DFPhone: +44 (0) 1273 692591, Fax: +44 (0) 1273 601741http://www.bowthorpe-emp.com

Tyco Electronics Raychem GmbH, Energy DivisionFinsinger Feld 1, 85521 Ottobrunn/Munich, GermanyPhone: +49-89-6089-0, Fax: +49-89-6096345

http://energy.tycoelectronics.com

EnergyDivision

TransmissionSurgeArresters

Safety, Connectors and Earthing Equipment

TheBowthorpeEMPrange ofSurge

Arrestermonitoringinstrumentsare

fullytestedforusewithany

manufacturerssurgearrester.The

SC12isa SurgeCounteronly,whilst

theSC13provides theadditional

measurementoftotal leakage

current.Theanalogue instrument

providesameans ofmonitoringthe

currentthroughthearresterand the

leakagecurrentover thesurfaceof

thearresterhousing.Significant

changesafterinstallation may

indicatea deteriorationinthe

arresterora buildup ofsurface

contamination.

Theseinstruments,whichrequireno

auxiliarysupply,are designedfor

installationinthe earthconnections

ofa singlesurgearresteror

alternativelytheSC12 maybe used

withthecommonear thofathree

phaseset.Fully weatherproofedand

sealedfor lifetheyarehousedina

onepiece gravitydiecast aluminium

casecoatedto enhanceitsa lready

highdegreeof resistancetosurface

corrosion.Theglassviewing

windowissealedinplace,usinga

siliconrubberadhesive, anda

desiccatorisenclosedto ensureany

residualmoisturetrappedduring

sealingisa bsorbedforthe service

lifeof thecounter.Mountingis

effectedbymeans ofan integrally

castlugattherearofthecase

SurgeCountersTypeSC12&SC13

providingasingle clearanceholefor

thegalvanised steelM12bolt

supplied.

TheSC12and SC13areservice

provenandrequire nospecial

maintenanceorservicing apartfrom

generalcleaningof theglass

viewingwindowand themoulded

epoxyresinline terminalbushing.

Transmission Surge Arrestres

Modular Single Column Polymeric Surge

Arrester

Modular Series Parallel Polymeric Surge

Arrester

Polymeric Housed Surge Arrester

Porcelain Housed Surge Arrester

Polymeric DC Traction Surge

Arresters

Rolling Stock

Track Side

Spark Gap Type SPG1

Protection between overhead catenary

structure earth and system earth

Protection of single bonded power cable

circuits

Protection of low voltage DC power supplies

Protection of cathodic protection power

supplies.

Safety, Connectors and Earthing

Equipment.

Portable Earth Kits

Insulated Poles

Pole Heads

Earthing Clamps

Line Taps and Shrouds

Cable Spiker

Airfield Lighting Box Type 2DCAFL4

Protection of airfield lighting control

equipment.

Additional Product Lines:

BOW-EPP-004-02-04

Surge Counters Type SC12 & SC13

Used in series with HV Surge Arrester

SC12 Surge Counter

SC13 Combined Surge Counter with

Leakage Current Meter

The SPG1 Spark Gap is designed for use with traction

circuits toprovide virtuallyinstantaneousprotectionof

both equipmentand personnel from power system

faults.The unit also provides protectionagainst

lightninggenerated voltages which would otherwise

cause damage to signallingand cable circuits.

The SPG1 is constructedin stainless steel of rugged

design allowingthe SPG to be installed in harsh

environmentssuch as track side locationswithout

additional weather protection.

Suitable for use on circuits where standing/induced

voltages do notexceed 110vRMS.

Fast operationTypical 5 microsecondswith 11kA fault

current.

Internal spark gap module unit easilyreplaced after

fault current operation.

Fail safe feature ensures safety to personnel and

equipment.

Service proven performance.

High internalimpedance withlow capacitance does

not interferewith track signallingcircuits.

SparkGap TypeSPG1Polymeric DC TractionSurge Arrester

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