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Transmission Line Arrester TLA
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TLA Transmission Line Surge Arrester
Introduction
Numerous technical publications have stated that lightning is responsible for approximately
65% of all of the non-scheduled outages occurring on transmission lines, thus creating many
issues for power supply utilities.
Power supply utilities themselves have verified the load losses due to voltage sags on their
systems from transitory outages caused by lightning activity and in some regions they have
found serious permanent damage caused to the system itself due to these transitory
disturbances occurring on important lines.
The effect of these transitory disturbances on transmission lines can also be more critical in
areas with high ground resistivity when associated with high lightning activity.
Although it is a fact that most of the non-scheduled outages are transitory in nature, with a
fault time shorter than 1 minute, in many cases this is still deemed, by power supply utilities
and their customers, to be unacceptable. This loss of supply is critical for all modern
industries now so reliant on sophisticated electronic equipment and especially production
processes sensitive to momentary disturbances on the system.
In order to reduce the number of non-scheduled outages in electrical systems, power
companies and industrial consumers have been studying and promoting improvements to
transmission lines thereby increasing their reliability.
There are different methods to improve transmission lines performance due to lightning:
a) Increase the dry arcing distance from the insulators strings.
b) Install shield wires in lines without shield wire.
c) Improve the shield wire performance.
d) Improve the grounding system performance of surges by improving the tower footing resistance.
e) Installation of transmission line arresters to counteract the effects of lightning or switching activity
In most cases line arresters (TLA), electrically connected in parallel with the insulator string,
have been considered as the most effective method currently applied to improve
transmission line performance, especially when associated with improvements to the
grounding system and usually presents the best benefit versus cost relationship in reducing
flashovers of the insulator string due to excessive voltages.
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TLA Transmission Line Surge Arrester
TLA
Transmission Line Surge Arresters up to 230 kV
Utility
Utilities are required by demand to increase
availability and reliability of transmission systems.
Therefore eliminating operational high cost outages
and mandoratory penalties is high on the agenda.
Key Features
HV arrester suspended from a transmission line
giving enhanced transmission line performance.
Increasing system line voltage on standard
insulated transmission lines.
Benefits of TLA Applications
Minimising circuit breaker operation with possible
system outage resulting from back flashover on the
transmission line.
Switching overvoltages are absorbed over the
length of the line reducing the severity of surge at
the substation.
Transmission systems can be operated even where
sub-soil gives poor tower footing resistance.
Eliminating interrupted power supply for sensitive
industrial processes.
Installing Transmission Line Arresters on a standard
3 phase voltage system along the line, at calculated
intervals, allows for optimum performance of the
TLA, to give an increased system line voltage.
Therefore eliminating the need to increase the
standard insulation level required on conventional
system upgrade.
3
Suspension Clamp
Grading Ring for
voltages above 150
kV
Silicone Rubber
Insulation
Earth Cable with
StrainRelief
Disconnect Device
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TLA Transmission Line Surge Arrester
Electrical Performance
Specification: IEC60099-4
Classification: 10kA
Voltage Rating: 15 to 192kV
High Current Performance: 100kA
Line Discharge Class: 2
Minimum Energy Capability:
4.5kJ/kV at Ur according to IEC60099-4
(Clause 7.4.2 table 4 and 7.5.5.5)
TLA1 15 - 45 kV
TLA2 48 - 96 kV
TLA3 108 - 144 kV
TLA4 150 - 192 kV
Disconnect Device tested in accordance
with IEC 60099-4 Class2.
Insulation Material: Silicone
Rubber
Vibration Tested Report No.
BOE002000
TLA3-120 - 138 kV System, Brazil
4
TLA Dimensions
TLA1
TLA2
TLA3
TLA4
A
A
A
A
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TLA Transmission Line Surge Arrester
Protective Characteristics
Product
Code
Rating
Voltage
kV
Max.
cont.
operating
voltage(COV)
kV
Temporary
over-
voltage
capabilityfor 1 sec
(TOV)
kV
Max Residual voltage kV crest with current wave Steep
Current
Residual
Voltage10 kA
kV
Crest
Switching surge
30/60 uS
Lightning Current
8/20 uS
125 A
kV
500 A
kV
5 kA
kV
10 kA
kV
20 kA
kV
TLA1B15L1E1M2 15 12 17.1 31.1 33.3 41.4 45.9 51.6 46.7
TLA1B18L1E1M0 18 14 20.5 39.2 41.7 50.5 54.4 61.8 59.5
TLA1B21L1E1M0 21 17 24.0 43.8 46.5 56.4 61.4 69.0 67.1
TLA1B24L1E1M0 24 19 27.4 50.1 53.2 64.5 69.5 78.9 75.6
TLA1B27L1E1M0 27 22 30.8 54.8 58.2 70.6 76.3 86.4 83.3
TLA1C30L1E1M0 30 24 34.2 60.9 64.8 78.5 84.6 96.0 92.0
TLA1C36L1E1M0 36 29 41.1 71.8 76.3 92.4 100 113 108
TLA1C39L1E1M0 39 31 44.5 76.4 81.2 98.4 106 120 115
TLA1E42L1E1M0 42 34 47.9 82.7 87.8 106 115 130 125
TLA1E45L1E1M0 45 36 51.3 88.8 94.4 114 123 140 134
TLA2C48L1E1M0 48 38.4 54.8 93.9 100 121 130 148 142
TLA2C60L1E1M0 60 48 68.4 115 122 148 160 182 174
TLA2C72L1E1M0 72 57.6 82.0 137 146 176 190 216 207
TLA2C75L1E1M0 75 60 85.5 144 153 186 200 227 218
TLA2E84L1E1M0 84 67.2 95.8 159 169 204 220 250 240
TLA2E96L1E1M0 96 76.8 109 182 193 234 252 286 275
TLA3C108L1E1M0 108 86.4 123 202 215 260 281 319 305
TLA3C120L1E1M0 120 96 137 225 239 286 312 354 339
TLA3E138L1E1M0 138 110 157 261 277 336 362 411 394
TLA3E144L1E1M0 144 115 164 271 288 349 377 427 410
TLA4C150L1E1M0 150 120 171 285 303 367 396 449 430
TLA4E168L1E1M0 168 134 192 314 333 404 435 494 474
TLA4E180L1E1M0 180 144 205 338 359 435 470 533 511
TLA4E192L1E1M0 192 154 219 376 399 484 521 594 591
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TLA Transmission Line Surge Arrester
Mechanical and Reference Information
Total
Creepage
mm
(nom)
Overall
height
mm
(max)A
Drawing
Reference
Pivot
Suspension
Clamp
DrawingReference
Disconnect
Drawing
Reference
Strain
Relief
System
DrawingReference
Data
Sheet
Reference
E1 E2
930 321 BOW-19-001 BOW-19-011 BOW-19-012 - BOW-EPP-TLA1B-15
930 321 BOW-19-001 BOW-19-011 BOW-19-012 - BOW-EPP-TLA1B-18
930 321 BOW-19-001 BOW-19-011 BOW-19-012 - BOW-EPP-TLA1B-21
930 321 BOW-19-001 BOW-19-011 BOW-19-012 - BOW-EPP-TLA1B-24
930 321 BOW-19-001 BOW-19-011 BOW-19-012 - BOW-EPP-TLA1B-27
1310 476 BOW-19-002 BOW-19-011 BOW-19-012 - BOW-EPP-TLA1C-30
1310 476 BOW-19-002 BOW-19-011 BOW-19-012 - BOW-EPP-TLA1C-36
1310 476 BOW-19-002 BOW-19-011 BOW-19-012 - BOW-EPP-TLA1C-39
2000 476 BOW-19-003 BOW-19-011 BOW-19-012 - BOW-EPP-TLA1E-42
2000 476 BOW-19-003 BOW-19-011 BOW-19-012 - BOW-EPP-TLA1E-45
2620 952 BOW-19-004 BOW-19-011 - BOW-19-013 BOW-EPP-TLA2C-48
2620 952 BOW-19-004 BOW-19-011 - BOW-19-013 BOW-EPP-TLA2C-60
2620 952 BOW-19-004 BOW-19-011 - BOW-19-013 BOW-EPP-TLA2C-72
2620 952 BOW-19-004 BOW-19-011 - BOW-19-013 BOW-EPP-TLA2C-75
4000 952 BOW-19-005 BOW-19-011 - BOW-19-013 BOW-EPP-TLA2E-84
4000 952 BOW-19-005 BOW-19-011 - BOW-19-013 BOW-EPP-TLA2E-96
3930 1428 BOW-19-006 BOW-19-011 - BOW-19-013 BOW-EPP-TLA3C-108
3930 1428 BOW-19-006 BOW-19-011 - BOW-19-013 BOW-EPP-TLA3C-120
6000 1428 BOW-19-007 BOW-19-011 - BOW-19-013 BOW-EPP-TLA3E-138
6000 1428 BOW-19-007 BOW-19-011 - BOW-19-013 BOW-EPP-TLA3E-144
5240 1904 BOW-19-008 BOW-19-011 - BOW-19-013 BOW-EPP-TLA4C-150
8000 1904 BOW-19-009 BOW-19-011 - BOW-19-013 BOW-EPP-TLA4E-168
8000 1904 BOW-19-009 BOW-19-011 - BOW-19-013 BOW-EPP-TLA4E-180
8000 1904 BOW-19-009 BOW-19-011 - BOW-19-013 BOW-EPP-TLA4E-192
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TLA Transmission Line Surge Arrester
Accessories
TLA Pivot Suspension Clamp
Clamp Conductor Dimensions mm U Bolt Weight
Range Dia. A B C D Torque
L2 9.5 - 19 mm 180 80 90 40 45 Nm 1.8 kgs
L3 18 - 30 mm 217 90 110 50 45 Nm 3.0 kgs
L4 30 - 45 mm 267 100 120 64 75 Nm 4.3 kgs
L5 45 - 65 mm 320 120 140 86 75 Nm 6.0 kgs
7
Galvanised Steel
Clamp Straps &
Fixings
Galvanised
Steel Line palm
M16 x 35 Min.
Full Thread
Aluminium Line
Clamp
M12 Connection
For Shorting
Braid / Cable
Suspension Clamp
Assembly
Copper Shorting
Braid / Cable
TLASurge Arrester
TLA Disconnect - E1 TLA Strain Relief System - E2
TLA Surge Arrester
Disconnect Device
Earth Connection
TLA Surge Arrester
Disconnect Device
Earth Connection
Strain Relief
Shackle and Swivel
Joint
Strain Relief Wire
Connection
Earthing Configuration
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TLA Transmission Line Surge Arrester
Performance
Improving the reliability of a 69kV transmission line effected by lightning.
Individual Towers Protected with TLA
Probability
of
flashover
100.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
26 27 34 35 36 43 52 61 63 73 75 81 83 84 86
Tower Numbers
Actual without TLA 1 TLA per circuit 2 TLAs per circuit
Installing one TLA on an individual tower reduces the probability of flashover. If you take
a look at (tower 35) which has an 80% probability of flashover, this can be reduced to less
than 60% with one TLA installed on the bottom phase. If a second TLA is installed the
reduction in probability is minimal.
Typical Transmission Line 69 kV
Adjacent Towers Protected With TLA
100.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
Probability
of
flashover
26 27 34 35 36 43 52 61 63 73 75 81 83 84 86
Installation of additional TLAs on adjacent towers reduces the probability of flashover on
(tower 35) to less than 30% and then if you install a further TLA on (tower 35) again the
probability of flashover is reduced to less than 20%.
Tower Numbers
Actual without TLA 1 TLA per circuit 2 TLAs per circuit
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TLA Transmission Line Surge Arrester
Tower installations
The number of the TLA installed on the tower depends
basically on the tower geometry and configuration as well as
the earthing transient impedance behaviour.
For towers with a horizontal conductor configuration,
conductors in a single line across the tower, normal practice is
to install a TLA on both of the two outside phase conductors.
For towers with a vertical conductor configuration, conductors
arranged above each other, the resultant transient voltage
across the insulators string sets is usually higher at the bottomphase, which presents a lower distance to the soil and lowest
coupling with the shield wire. Therefore, transmission lines
with a vertical configuration and low tower footing
impedance, only one TLA is necessary to install on the bottom
phase, but for higher impedances it might be necessary install
two and sometimes three TLAs.
A direct lightning strike to the transmission line without a
shield wire will cause the discharge current i(t) to divide into
two current waves travelling on the both directions down the
line with magnitude of i( t ) / 2 (it is valid when we consider
the impedance of the discharge channel as infinite). This
current therefore produces a voltage wave v (t) in both
directions which considering as a first approach that the
transmission line is without losses and distortions, results in a
voltage along the line which can be estimated by:
V ( t ) = Z0 . i ( t ) / 2
For lines with shield wires, the voltage on the top of the tower
will be significantly lower and will depend on the lightning
striking point, the tower impedance and mainly of the earthing
transient behaviour.
9
Tower
Insulator
Line
TLA
Disconnect
Device
Lead Earth
Tower
Insulator
Line
Lead Earth
Disconnect
Device
TLA
Tower
Insulator Line
TLA
Disconnect
Device
Earth Lead
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For further information contact [email protected]
All of the above information, including drawings, illustrations and graphic designs, reflects our present understanding and is to the best of our knowledge and belief correct and
reliable. Users, however, should independently evaluate the suitability of each product for the desired application. Under no circumstances does this constitute an assurance of any
particular quality or performance. Such an assurance is only provided in the context of our product specifications or explicit contractual arrangements. Our liability for these products
is set forth in our standard terms - conditions of sale. ALR, AMP, AXICOM, B&H, BOWTHORPE EMP, CROMPTON INSTRUMENTS, DORMAN SMITH, DULMISON, GURO, HELLSTERN,
LA PRAIRIE, MORLYNN, RAYCHEM, and SIMEL are trademarks.
Energy Division a pioneer in the development of economical solutions for
the electrical power industry. Our product range includes: cable accessories,
connectors & fittings, electrical equipment, instruments, lighting controls,
insulators & insulation enhancement and surge arresters.
For more information and your country contact person, please visit us at:
http://energy.tycoelectronics.com
Tyco Electronics Bowthorpe EMPStevenson Road, Brighton, East Sussex, England BN2 0DFPhone: +44 (0) 1273 692591, Fax: +44 (0) 1273 601741http://www.bowthorpe-emp.com
Tyco Electronics Raychem GmbH, Energy DivisionFinsinger Feld 1, 85521 Ottobrunn/Munich, GermanyPhone: +49-89-6089-0, Fax: +49-89-6096345
http://energy.tycoelectronics.com
EnergyDivision
TransmissionSurgeArresters
Safety, Connectors and Earthing Equipment
TheBowthorpeEMPrange ofSurge
Arrestermonitoringinstrumentsare
fullytestedforusewithany
manufacturerssurgearrester.The
SC12isa SurgeCounteronly,whilst
theSC13provides theadditional
measurementoftotal leakage
current.Theanalogue instrument
providesameans ofmonitoringthe
currentthroughthearresterand the
leakagecurrentover thesurfaceof
thearresterhousing.Significant
changesafterinstallation may
indicatea deteriorationinthe
arresterora buildup ofsurface
contamination.
Theseinstruments,whichrequireno
auxiliarysupply,are designedfor
installationinthe earthconnections
ofa singlesurgearresteror
alternativelytheSC12 maybe used
withthecommonear thofathree
phaseset.Fully weatherproofedand
sealedfor lifetheyarehousedina
onepiece gravitydiecast aluminium
casecoatedto enhanceitsa lready
highdegreeof resistancetosurface
corrosion.Theglassviewing
windowissealedinplace,usinga
siliconrubberadhesive, anda
desiccatorisenclosedto ensureany
residualmoisturetrappedduring
sealingisa bsorbedforthe service
lifeof thecounter.Mountingis
effectedbymeans ofan integrally
castlugattherearofthecase
SurgeCountersTypeSC12&SC13
providingasingle clearanceholefor
thegalvanised steelM12bolt
supplied.
TheSC12and SC13areservice
provenandrequire nospecial
maintenanceorservicing apartfrom
generalcleaningof theglass
viewingwindowand themoulded
epoxyresinline terminalbushing.
Transmission Surge Arrestres
Modular Single Column Polymeric Surge
Arrester
Modular Series Parallel Polymeric Surge
Arrester
Polymeric Housed Surge Arrester
Porcelain Housed Surge Arrester
Polymeric DC Traction Surge
Arresters
Rolling Stock
Track Side
Spark Gap Type SPG1
Protection between overhead catenary
structure earth and system earth
Protection of single bonded power cable
circuits
Protection of low voltage DC power supplies
Protection of cathodic protection power
supplies.
Safety, Connectors and Earthing
Equipment.
Portable Earth Kits
Insulated Poles
Pole Heads
Earthing Clamps
Line Taps and Shrouds
Cable Spiker
Airfield Lighting Box Type 2DCAFL4
Protection of airfield lighting control
equipment.
Additional Product Lines:
BOW-EPP-004-02-04
Surge Counters Type SC12 & SC13
Used in series with HV Surge Arrester
SC12 Surge Counter
SC13 Combined Surge Counter with
Leakage Current Meter
The SPG1 Spark Gap is designed for use with traction
circuits toprovide virtuallyinstantaneousprotectionof
both equipmentand personnel from power system
faults.The unit also provides protectionagainst
lightninggenerated voltages which would otherwise
cause damage to signallingand cable circuits.
The SPG1 is constructedin stainless steel of rugged
design allowingthe SPG to be installed in harsh
environmentssuch as track side locationswithout
additional weather protection.
Suitable for use on circuits where standing/induced
voltages do notexceed 110vRMS.
Fast operationTypical 5 microsecondswith 11kA fault
current.
Internal spark gap module unit easilyreplaced after
fault current operation.
Fail safe feature ensures safety to personnel and
equipment.
Service proven performance.
High internalimpedance withlow capacitance does
not interferewith track signallingcircuits.
SparkGap TypeSPG1Polymeric DC TractionSurge Arrester