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2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 11 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Vyuit WDMtechnologie pro

propojovn datovchcenter

Praha, hotel Clarion

10. 11. dubna 2013

T-VT2/ L2

Jaromr Pila, Consulting Systems Engineer, CCIE 2910


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2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 3

Single Mode Fiber Prerequisite for long distance optical transmission

Both the core and the cladding are made primarily of silica (SiO2)

Several types defined by ITU-T standards (most common is G.652) Typically one pair needed (single fiber systems possible as well)

Refractive Index (n)- n = c/v, n ~ 1.46 (SiO2), n(core) > n(cladding), difference < 1%

- Propagation delay in fiber: 5 sec/km (given by speed of light)

Buffer/CoatingBuffer/Coating

250m

CladdingCladding

125m10m

CoreCore


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Single lambda vs. multiple lambdasHow to transport more than one channel

TDM: WDM:

Single lambda:

- One signal only (e.g. 1000BaseZX, 10GBaseZR etc.)- More signals using TDM (SDH, EoSDH, FCoSDH) or statistical multiplexing (e.g. MPLS-TP)

Multiple lambdas: (grids defined by ITU standard)- CWDM 20 nm grid (usually 8 or 16 channels)

- DWDM 200 GHz, 100 GHz or 50 Ghz grid

- WWDM

Combination:- DWDM (or CWDM) used to scale overall bandwidth

- TDM used for subset of wavelength to efficiently use available bandwidth by slow channels


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Welcome to the analog world Optical Impairments (1/2)

Attenuation Loss of signal strength (absorption a scattering)

Limits transmission distance

Optical amplifiers can compensate

Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR) Noise introduced by optical amplifiers

Function of symbol rate - rule of thumb,

2X data symbol => 3 dB higher OSNR needed Limits number of amps hence distance

Solution provided by FEC/EFEC or regeneration

Chromatic Dispersion (CD) Speed of light is different for different wavelength

Limits transmission distance (pulses are distorted) Inverse to the square of the data rates

Dispersion compensator compensates for effects

Advanced modulations provides higher tolerance

800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

Wavelength (nm)

0.2

0.5

2.0

Loss (dB/km)

L-ban

d:15651625nm

C-band:15301565nm

S-band:14601530nm

800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

Wavelength (nm)

0.2

0.5

2.0

Loss (dB/km)

L-ban

d:15651625nm

C-band:15301565nm

S-band:14601530nm

10Gb/s

2.5Gb/s Fiber

Fiber

10Gb/s

2.5Gb/s Fiber

Fiber


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Welcome to the analog world Optical Impairments (2/2)

Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) Caused by non-linearity of fiber geometry

Very disruptive at higher bit rates (> =10G)

MLSE and advanced modulations to increase tolerance, PDMC orregeneration to compensate

Four Wave Mixing (FWM) Effects in multichannel systems

Effects for higher bit rates

CD, unequal channel spacing, larger spacings

Self/Cross Phase Modulation (SPM, XPM) Effected by high channel power

Effected by neighbor channels

CD, reduce launch power, larger spacings

Wavelength (nm)

-5

-10

-15

-20

-25

-30

-35

-40

1 54 2 1 54 3 1 54 4 1 54 5 1 54 6 1 54 7 1 54 8

Power(dBm)

Wavelength (nm)

-5

-10

-15

-20

-25

-30

-35

-40

1 54 2 1 54 3 1 54 4 1 54 5 1 54 6 1 54 7 1 54 8

Wavelength (nm)

-5

-10

-15

-20

-25

-30

-35

-40

1 54 2 1 54 3 1 54 4 1 54 5 1 54 6 1 54 7 1 54 8

Power(dBm)


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WDM System

Anatomy


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WDM system anatomyTransponder based system

'Grey' MM/SM850/1310/1550nm

GE

FC

SDH

ITU-T Grid for DWDM

Wavelength

MultiplexedSignals

OpticallyAmplified

Wavelengths

WDMMux

(Filter)

WDMMux

(Filter)OAOA

OEO

OEO

OEO

OAOA

Optical

Amplifier

OEO = transponder

Primary functions:- wavelength conversion- G.709 encapsulation

- FEC/EFEC- protocol monitoring- service demarcation point- can provide TDM multiplexing- OFC


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WDM system anatomySystem with colored clients

GE

FC

SDH

ITU-T Grid for DWDM

WavelengthMultiplexedSignals

OpticallyAmplifiedWavelengths

WDMMux

(Filter)

WDMMux

(Filter) OAOA

SFP(+)/XENPAK/X2/XFP

Colored optics

OAOA

OpticalAmplifier

SFP/X2

Client equipment


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Where WDM

System Can Help


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Bandwidth / Fiber Multiplication

Transport of bandwidths beyond available interface rates (10G, 40G, 100G) requiresmultiple channels.

With standard interfaces, multiple channels requires multiple fiber pairs. Fiber is ascarce resource, and can be costly.

DWDM allows multiple channels over a single fiber pair, and is often more cost effectivethan using multiple fiber pairs.

Without DWDMN fiber pairs

With DWDMOne fiber pair

N wavelengths


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Distance

With standard interfaces, distance is limited to the reach of the specified interface(e.g. LX, EX, ZX 10 km, 40 km, 80 km).

Exceeding these distances requires regeneration of each channel (typically withrouter/switch interfaces).

With DWDM, single span distances can reach 250 km.

Amplified, multiple span DWDM distances can reach 1000s of km, with no

electrical regeneration.

Without DWDMUp to 80km

With DWDM1000s of km

OpticalAmplifier


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Topology Flexibility

With standard interfaces, the physical (layer 1) network topology is restricted to thefiber topology.

Fiber is expensive, and availability is limited. Metro / regional fiber is most costeffectively deployed to multiple sites in a ring.

DWDM, specifically ROADM, allows any L1 topology (hub and spoke, mesh) overany fiber topology typically a ring.

Physical RingChannel Mesh

Physical RingChannel Hub & Spoke

Physical MeshChannel Mesh

Dark FiberDWDM

Wavelengths

Physical RingChannel Topology

must be a Ring

Dark Fiber


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Service Protection

Without DWDM (or TDM), service protection must be provided by an upper layer protocol.This can be complicated and slow.

DWDM provides the ability to protect individual channels at layer 1, with sub 50msswitching times.

Bandwidth is reserved, with no oversubscription or contention in a failure scenario.

Multiple levels of resiliency are available, at varying cost points.

Optical Layer ProtectionInterface Protection Fiber ProtectionLine Card Protection


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Cisco Optical

Product Portfolio


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Cisco optical products portfolio

Optical products are handled by to different groups

Transciever Module Group (TMG)

High End Routing and Optical Group (HERO)

TMG portfolio

Grey, CWDM and DWDM optical pluggable modules (GBIC, SFP, XENPAK, X2, XFP, SFP+, QSFP+, CFP,CXP, CPAK*)

Supported in Catalyst and Nexus families of switches and routers **Simple passive filters (CWDM, EWDM)

HERO portfolio (optical part)

Passive filters (ONS 15216 family, DWDM and CWDM)

SDH/SONET products (ONS 15300, ONS 15454 MSPP and ONS 15600 family

Carrier Ethernet solution (CPT family MPLS TP based)

DWDM system (ONS 15454 MSTP)

IPoDWDM (modules for CRS, GSR, ASR 9K and 7600)

* - roadmap, ** - check datasheets for details


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Cisco ONS 15454 MSTP:Network Topologies


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BENEFIT: High flexibility in system deployment, most of applications covered

BENEFIT: Broad range of potential service offerings

BENEFIT: 40/100 Gbps support allows for further bandwidth scaling

TDM STM-1 STM-4 STM-16 STM-64 STM-256 OTU-2

OTU-2e OTU-3 OTU-3e OTU-4 E1 E3

Storage 1G FC/FICON 2G FC/FICON 4G FC/FICON 8G FC/FICON 10G FC/FICON ESCON

ISC 1 ISC 3 Sysplex CLO Sysplex ETR STP 5G Infiniband

Data E FE GE 10 GE LAN PHY 10 GE WAN PHY 40 GE

100 GE

VideoDV-6000HDTVSDID1 videoDVB ASI

2RAny rate from 100Mbps to 2.5 Gbps

Cisco ONS 15454 MSTP supported clientsWide range of telco and enterprise client interfaces


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Cisco ONS 15454 MSTPInterface cards


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10G OTU2 Xponder

10G OTN Xponder is a single slot board equipped with 4 10G pluggable interfaces(XFP based)

supports fixed and full C-band tuneable XFP

Each of the 4 interfaces supports multiple services:

OC-192 / STM-64 (9.95328 Gbps)

10GE WAN PHY (9.95328 Gbps)

10GE LAN PHY (10.3125 Gbps)

10G FC (10.518 Gbps)

OTU-2 Standard G.709 (10.70923 Gbps)

G.709 overclocked to transport 10GE as defined by ITU-T G. Sup43 Clause 7.1 (11.0957 Gbps)

G.709 overclocked to transport 10GE as defined by ITU-T G. Sup43 Clause 7.2 (11.0491 Gbps)

G.709 proprietary overclocking mode to transport 10G FC (11.3168 Gbps)

Port specification

All the 4 ports support NO-FEC and FEC mode (Standard Reed-Solomon FEC defined byITU-T G.975)

2 ports (Port 3 and Port 4) also supports E-FEC correction algorithm (StandardOrthogonal BCH defined by ITU-T G.975.1 Clause I.7)


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10G OTU2 Xponder: Card Configurations

2x 10G Multi-rate Transponder

2x 10G FEC/E-FEC Regen

1x 10G E-FEC/E-FEC Regen

Mixed MR TXP and Regen FEC/EFEC

1x 10G Multi-rate Transponder with protected trunk

10GDWDM

10G(Grey/DWDM)

10G(Grey/DWDM)

10GDWDM

10GDWDM

10GDWDM

10GDWDM

10GDWDM

10G

DWDM

10GDWDM

10GDWDM

10GDWDM

10G

(Grey/DWDM)

10G

DWDM

10GDWDM

10G(Grey/DWDM)

10GDWDM

10GDWDM


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Any-Rate Xponder CardUltimate Flexibility for DWDM Aggregation and Transport

Ethernet: FastE, GigE

SAN: 1G, 2G, 4G, 8G

SDI Video: SD, HD, 3G

10G OTU-3

TDM: OC-3/12/48, OTN

2.5G OTU-2

Transparent

Transponder / Muxponder

Unprotected / Protected

Pay-As-You-Grow

8 x SFP, 2 x XFP ports


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2.5G Transponder

2.5G Protected Transponder

2.5G Data Muxponder

2.5G Protected Data Muxponder

4 x 2.5G 10G Muxponder

8-Port 10G DataMuxponder

Video aggregation

OC-3/12/48 aggregation

Fast Ethernet aggregation

8G Fibre Channel Transponder

Protected 10G Muxponder

EFEC I.7 Transponder/Regen

Replaces thefunctionality of all thesecards...

...and adds these newfeatures.

Any-Rate Xponder CardUltimate Flexibility for DWDM Aggregation and Transport


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Any-Rate Xponder CardSample operating mode (1/2)

Client

DWDM Trunk

Client

DWDM Trunk

Client

DWDM Trunk

Client

DWDM Trunk

TSP #1

TSP #2

TSP #3

TSP #4

Client

Client

Client

Client

Client

Client

Client

Client

10G DWDM Trunk

10G DWDM Trunk

DWDM Trunk Working

Client

DWDM Trunk ProtectTSP #1

Protected

DWDM Trunk Working

Client

DWDM Trunk ProtectTSP #2

Protected

4 x SFP Transponder

Unprotected1G, 2G or 4G

2 x SFP Transponder

Protected1G, 2G or 4G

2 x 4:1 10G Muxponder

Unprotected1G, 2G or 4G


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8G FC Client

DWDM Trunk

8:1 10G MuxponderProtectedMulti-Rate Client

8G FC TransponderUnprotected

Client

Client

Client

Client

Client

Client

Client

10G DWDM Trunk Working

10G DWDM Trunk Protect

Client

DWDM Trunk Working

Client

DWDM Trunk Protect

2 x 2:1 2.5G MuxponderProtectedMulti-Rate Client

Client

DWDM Trunk Working

Client

DWDM Trunk Protect

Client

Any-Rate Xponder CardSample operating mode (2/2)


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Cisco ONS 15454 MSTP 100Gbps Implementation

100G DWDM Trunk Line Card

M2 with 2x 100G DWDM Trunk

10x 10G Multi-Rate Line Card

2x CFP Line CardM6 with 6x 100G DWDM Trunk

Outcome of internal development and CoreOptics acquisition 400Gbps and 1Tbps technology demonstrated @ PONC in Monza


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Latency sourcesWhere the latency comes from?

Fiber - speed of light is not infinite

Speed in vacuum c = 3 x 108

m/s 3.3s/kmSpeed through fiber c 5s/km

Transponder/muxponder

OEO, monitoring, muxponding, etc.

FEC/EFECCalculation

DCU

Spool of special fiber

Typical length for Cisco DCUs is from 0.6km (100 ps/nm) to 12km (1950 ps/nm)

Can add 10% of latency in average on G.652


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Fibre Bragg Grating DCUsDispersion Compensation for Low Latency Optical Networking

Same range of compensation values asDCF DCUs

Uniform, low loss (3dB)

Near Zero Latency (< 25ns)

Compatible with 100GHz systems

Passive Inventory


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Ultra Low Latency Transponder Mode

Software Mode of same 10x10G card

Sub 4ns latency!

No FEC or G.709

Five 10G transponders per slot

Fixed or Tuneable DWDM Trunk Optics

10GE / 10G FC onlyTX/RX Client

TX/RX Trunk

TX Client RX Trunk

TX Trunk RX Client

Normal Mode

ULL Mode


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10G TXP/MXPLatency Details (End-to-End)

10G MR EFEC Transponder:G.709 Off: 1s

G.709 On No FEC / Standard FEC: 5sG.709 On Enhanced FEC: 150s

10G Data Muxponder (DE disable):G.709 Off 1G FC: 58s

G.709 Off 2G FC: 30s

G.709 Off 4G FC: 59s

G.709 On No FEC / Standard FEC 1G FC: 66sG.709 On No FEC / Standard FEC 2G FC: 36s

G.709 On No FEC / Standard FEC 4G FC: 66s

G.709 On Enhanced FEC 1G FC: 204s




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40G TXP and 100G modulesLatency Details (End-to-End)

40G Data Muxponder:G.709 On No FEC / Standard FEC : 5s

G.709 On Enhanced FEC : 50s 10x10G Linecard:

G.709 Off No FEC : 4s

G.709 On No FEC : 7s

G.709 On Standard FEC : 11s

G.709 On Enhanced FEC : 146s

100G Trunk module:G.709 On Standard FEC : 4s

G.709 On HG-FEC 7% : 20s

G.709 On UFEC 20% : 39s


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What is "skew"

Skew = differential delay Can be introduced by:

- Different path lengths

- Muxponding

Negative impact on some load balancing schemes (namely Brocade ISL trunking) Negative impact on protocols with embedded timing information

Must be carefully evaluated

Source -t=0 Destination -t>0


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DWDM Encryption Architecture

256 bitAES

Key exchange overOTU2 GCC

OTU2 PayloadEncrypted with

256 bit AES

DWDM

Wavelength(s)

Ethernet

Fibre Channel

OTN

Ethernet

Fibre Channel

OTN


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10G Multi-Rate Encryption Transponder

One slot, Ten SFP+ pluggable ports

Powerful Layer 1 Encryption for 10G signals

Supports 10GE, 10G FC, 8G FC, OC-192 and OTU-2

Five independent encrypted streams per card

256 bit XTS-AES encryption & GMAC Authentication

Robust key exchange mechanism over G.709 GCC

Integrated transponder functionality

Trunk SFPs can be gray (SR, LR, ER) or DWDM

DWDM trunks include FEC for long reach

Trunks can interface with 40G or 100G muxponders for wavelength

aggregation


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10G Multi-Rate Encryption TransponderPer Port Flexibility

Unencrypted, Gray Client

Encrypted, DWDM Trunk

Low Latency Transponder

OTU2 output from AnyRate Xponder

Encrypted, DWDM Trunk


Unencrypted, DWDM Trunk


Encrypted, Gray output to 40G or 100G Muxponder


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Cisco ONS 15454 MSTP ROADM Implementation

Basic implementation

- 2 ROADM

- Multidegree ROADM (optical mesh)

Enhanced functionality

- Omnidirectional- Colourless

- DWDM aware control plane

Integration and space/power efficiency- Single module ROADM

- Attractive PAYG bundles

EDFA

ROADM

OSA


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Rack Diagrams

Step-by-Step Interconnect

Smooth Transition from Design to Implementation

Traffic requirements:

Any-to-Any Demand provided by ROADM

Point-to-point demands

Comprehensive Analysis checks for:

wavelength routing and selection

optical budget and OSNR

CD, PMD, amplifier tilt etc.

GUI-based Network Design Entry

Bill of Materials

Cisco ONS 15454 MSTPComprehensive design tool - Cisco Transport Planner

BENEFIT: Fast and comprehensive network design


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Cisco ONS 15454 MSTPManagement Applications Options

Cisco Transport Controller (CTC)

Installation and setupFull node/ring management capability

Cisco Prime Optical (formerly CTM)

EMS/NMS layer applications for advanced optical management

CORBA/TL1 and SNMP NBI available for OOS integration

Cisco Transport PlannerNetwork design

Network modelling

Computer-aided installation: from network design straight toinstallation

Live network import

OSMINE completed

TIRKS, NMA and TEMS


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Case Study 1Public Sector

Customer


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Project information Two systems redundant point-to-point between Ljubljana and Maribor (replacement of existing

ONS 15530) and ring in Ljubljana

Distance Ljubljana Maribor is almost 170 km, solution without in-line amplification required

(RAMAN amplification used)

Distances for ring are between 10 km and 15 km

Traffic for point-to-point system:1x10GE, 1x8G FC, 1x 4G FC, 8xGE (all channels 1+1 protected)

up to 20 wavelengths @ 100 Gbps validated

Traffic for ring system:1x10GE, 2x8G FC, 2x2G FC, 8xGE (all channels splitter protected)

up any-to-any traffic combination validated to full capacity of 40 wavelengths and 100 Gbps perwavelength

Client interfaces 850 nm MMF (easily changeable)

Redundant AC power supplies and chassis controllers Multishelf graphical management and OSC channel

Prerequisite for DC and switching evolution which will introduce Catalyst upgrade, Nexus 7000and MDS 9500


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Diagrams and rack layouts


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Case Study 2Large Financial

Sector Customer


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Project information Two systems per site (independent, primary and secondary) combined with platform redundancy

(AC PS, shelf controllers)

Primary system traffic requirements:

31x 10GE, 16x GE, 22x8G FC, 17x8G FICON, 12x10G FC, 4x 5G IB

Secondary system traffic requirements:

25x 10GE, 14x GE, 22x8G FC, 17x8G FICON, 12x10G FC, 4x 5G IB

Each system equipped to support for 40 lambdas @ 100 Gbps

High wavelength utilization achieved by use of 10x10->100G multiplexing, only 16 wavelengthsused in primary system and 14 in secondary. Additional 24 still available for use in primarysystem and 26 in secondary system

All nodes are multidegree ROADMs to allow future topology expansion

Traffic protection will be managed at end-device level by taking diverse paths via primary andsecondary systems

Graphical management with multishelf capabilities, OSC


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Rack Layout

Primary system Secondary system

Primary system power consumption:

Maximum 4580 W

Typical 3700 W

Secondary system power consumption:

Maximum 4500 W

Typical 3633 W

8/10G channel latency:

Fiber: 110 s (22x5)

System: 11 s (7+4)


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Case Study 3Hybrid Bidirectional

Designs


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4-channel bidirectional terminal based on FLD

152

16-FLD-4-30.3

COM-TX

2.5dB

OPT-AMP-17

15216-FLD-4-33.4

2.5dB

152

16-FLD-4-30.3

15216-FLD-4-30.3

OPT-PRE

15216-FLD-4-33.4

15216-FLD-4-33.4

2.5dB

2.5dB

1.5dB

COM-RX

Ch1-TX

Ch2-TX

Ch3-TX

Ch4-TX

Ch1-RX

Ch2-RX

Ch3-RX

Ch4-RX

Ch1-RX

Ch2-RX

Ch3-RX

Ch4-RX

Ch1-TX

Ch2-TX

Ch3-TX

Ch4-TX

COM-RX

COM-TX

EXP-RX

Ch1-RX

Ch2-RX

Ch3-RX

Ch4-RX

Ch1-TX

Ch2-TX

Ch3-TX

Ch4-TX

COM-TX

COM-RX

Single 15216-FLD-4-30.3

Single 15216-FLD-4-33.4


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40-channel bidirectional terminal based on ID-50

(DCU)

OPT-PRE

15

216-MD40-EVEN

2.5dB maxloss

15216-MD40-O

DD

15216-MD-ID-50

OPT-AMP-17


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