revista natura ciclo 05-2013

7/29/2019 Revista Natura Ciclo 05-2013

1/104

PDQCV]O

fcflg>4 0>?6

OH DV_TDK]O+Kudvo aroiokfco Hosfulcko porodkfdkmdr lgs sdktcmgs y glvcmortgmg lg mdhs+ Fdld`ro dl ohgrmd vdrmom, tu ohgr+


2/104

Io`c y Horfdlg,juktgs mdsmd bofd mgs ogs, kudvd hdsds+

S ds pdradftg qud sdo os+pdradftg+

md vdrmom kg ds

Dlohgr


3/104

Dsqudkto ds uko adsto

portcfulor fgk mgs

ckvctomgs y uko ckvctofck:dkfdkmdr lgs sdktcmgs y

glvcmorsd md tgmg lg mdhs+

Fdld`ro dl ohgr md

vdrmom+ ]u ohgr+


4/104

Oumcg Lcke osctcg wd`

Fgktdkcmgdxtro

Fdrror Qcmdg

Iu IP uP `

VCIKCACFOMG MD LGV FGKGV

Koturo toh`ck td gardfd lo

vdrsck Mcictol poro to`ldts/

d ckvctohgs o mdsforfoior looplcfofck dk ppld tgrd gtclczokmg dl fmcig _P mdojg+

_P FGMD ( ^oro mdsfcaror dstd fmcig, kdfdsctos tdkdr fdlulorg to`ldt fgk fhoro y dl oplcfotcvg ldftgr ckstolomg+

dlvd o loclcgtdfomgkmd sd

dkfdktroktgmos losdmcfcgkds+

dslczobgrczgktolhdktd

pgr dl sfrgll

poro ko kdvohokdro mdkovdior+

`sfo foptlgspgr poloros

kvco dl lckemd lo Pdvcstootro pgrd(hocl

dslczo

bgrczgktolhdktdporo kovdiordktrd los picko

^oro bofdr zgghck 'gt tgforpcmohdktd0 vdfds lopoktollo g mdslczolgs mdmgs+

gfo lo poktollo? vdz poro llohor

lo orro mdkovdiofck+

0


5/104

Drds Fgksultgr'o7

bOz FLCFe y FGKQCrtDtD DK

FGKVuLtGr'O+

ghpldto dl agrhulorcg y shotd

fghg gksultgr'o+

OFFDVG DRFLuVCQG FGKVuLtGr'O+

Pdolczo tu pdmcmg gklckd dk hckutgs+

Dsts cKtDPDsoMG DK FGhpPoPKuDstPGs pPGMuFtGs7

gktftotd fgk tu gksultgr'o

oturo y dhpcdzo o mcsarutor dl

`cdkdstor qud td `rckmok kudstrgs

prgmuftgs+

DKFuDKtrO DK AOFD`GGe

tu FGKVuLtGr'O hV

FDrFOKG'O+

bOz FLCFe


6/104

KO]TPODEGV0>

KO]TPOHOH S @D@

=0

KO]TPO]GMGMCO

6=

KO]TPODPQO MGFD

=>

FTCMOMGVÔPO DL BGH@PD

90

PDQCV]O KO]TPO DV TKO ^T@LCFOFCK MD KO]TPO FGVH]CFGV V+O+ MCPCICMO O FGKVTL]GPOV, FGKVTL]GPDV, FGKVTHCMGPDV S MDHV^@LCFG PDLOFCGKOMG FGK KO]TPO+ LOV ^PGHGFCGKDV S LGV ^PGMTF]GV GAPDFCMGV VGK QLCMGV ÔPO DL FCFLG >4'0>?6, G @CDK BOV]OOIG]OP DRCV]DKFCOV+ LGV ^PDFCGV MD DV]D HO]DPCOL VGK VGLOHDK]D VTIDPDKFCOV _TD LDV GAPDFDHGV O FGKVTL]GPOV S FGKVTL]GPDV MDKO]TPO, _TCDKDV VGK O@VGLT]OHDK]D LC@PDV MD PDQDKMDP LGV ^PGMTF]GV FGK LGV ^PDFCGV _TD HV LDV FGKQDKIOK+ VC ] KG DV]V

VO]CVADFBG FGK LGV ^PGMTF]GV MD KO]TPO, ^TDMDV FOH@COPLGV G ^DMCP DL PDDH@GLVG+ FGGPMCKOFCK OKMPV VKFBDZ LGZOKG SFOPGLCKO HGGPD+ ^PGMTFFCK CKMDVCIK+ PDV^GKVO@LD LGTCVD MGKOMDL, IO@PCDLO DVFOHCLLO+ FGKFD^]G FPDO]CQG OPCZGKOLO]CK^PGSDF]G IPACFG @CZT MDVCIK ]POMTFFCK FDK]PG LO]CKG MD LKITOV "FLL#+ CH^PDVCK PD^PGMTFFCGKDV AG]GHDFKCFOV V+O+ MD F+Q++LGV FGLGPDV MD LGV ^PGMTF]GV ^TDMDK QOPCOP DK LO CH^PDVCK+Koturo Fgshtcfgs V+O+ ds lo tctulor md fuolqucdr mdrdfbg md prgpcdmom cktdldftuol y mdoutgr sg`rd dl fgktdkcmg md dsto Pdvcsto y sd rdsdrvo tgmgs sus mdrdfbgs+ Komo md lg ckflucmg g fgktdkcmg oqu, tolds fghg hotdrcol prgtdicmg pgr mdrdfbgs md outgr,horfos, lgigs y mdhs ckgrhofck sg`rd lo fuol rdfocio uk mdrdfbg md prgpcdmom cktdldftuol, ckfluydkmg pdrg kg lchctomg o tdxtgs, gtgiroos, clustrofcgkds y lo tgtolcmommd lgs fgktdkcmgs md lo Pdvcsto, pgmr sdr rdprgmufcmg, oltdromg, hgmcafomg fghg uko g`ro mdrcvomo, rdmcstrcùcmg, trokshctcmg g usomg poro akds fghdrfcolds, dktgmg g dk portd, dk fuolqucdr grho g cmcgho g pgr fuolqucdr hdmcg, dldftrkcfg g hdfkcfg, ckfluydkmg gtgfgpcomg, iroòfck g pgr fuolqucdr gtrg hdmcg tcl poroiuormor ckagrhofck g rdfupdrorlo, sck outgrczofck prdvco, dxprdso y pgr dsfrctg md Koturo Fgshtcfgs V+O+ Fuolqucdr usg kg oprgpcomg mdl fgktdkcmg md dsto Pdvcsto dstprgbc`cmg yo qud pudmd vcglor lo ldicslofck oplcfo`ld dk lo hotdrco y sdr mdkukfcomg oktd los outgrcmomds fgrrdspgkmcdktds+

IOPOK]O KO]TPO: VKOF ( VDPQCFCG KO]TPO MD O]DKFCK OL FGKVTHCMGP ]DL+: >?2>> 23> 303= ( YYY+KO]TPO+FGH+HRFGP^GPO]CQG KO]TPO HRCFG DJPFC]G KOFCGKOL 493, GACFCKO HDZOKCKD(F, FGL+ IPOKOMO, HRCFG M+A+, F+^+ ??40>+

KO]TPOFBPGKGV

2

^rghgfcgkds o lg lorig md lgs foptulgs+KMCFD

OLFGBGL QDID]OL GPIKCFGLo hoygr portd md kudstros fglgkcos y mdsgmgroktds dk sproy fgktcdkdk olfgbgl vdidtol grikcfg dk surhulo+ gr dsg, lgs prgmuftgs fousok hdkgs chpoftg dk lo koturoldzo+

KG PDOLCZOHGV PTD@OV DK OKCHOLDV

Mdsmd dl og 0>>1, drromcfohgs fghpldtohdktd los prudòs dk okcholds+ oro dllg, rdolczohgs uko irokckvdrsck dk tdfkglgio y fopofctofck cktdrko qud ioroktczo lo sdiurcmom kdfdsorco dk kudstrgs prgmuftgs+

^PGMTF]GV FGK PD^TDV]GV

Auchgs ukos md los prchdros dhprdsos md fgshtcfgs md Ohrcfo Lotcko qud lokz rdpudstgs dk susprgmuftgs, dk ?326+ Dstgs fgksuhdk hdkgs hotdrco prcho qud lgs dkvosds kgrholds+

KO]TPO^LOK]

4>

KO]TPOKO]TP

==

^DPATHDPO41

KO]TPOAG]GD_TCL@PCG

KO]TPOFPDDP ÔPO QDP92

KO]TPOTKO

21

KO]TPO2>

KO]TPOOFDPFO

^rgirohos, prgydftgs d cmdos ckspcromgrosqud prghudvdk dl `cdk dstor `cdk md kudstro sgfcdmom+

1

Chprdsg pgr Pdprgmuffcgkds Agtghdfkcfos, V+O+ mdF+Q+ fgk mghcfclcg dk Mdhgfrofcos Kg+ ??1 Fgl+ VokHciudl Ohoktlo, Mdldiofck Ozfopgtzolfg, F+^+ >09>>,Hxcfg M+A+Fdrtcafomg dk lo fomdko md fustgmcoVIVKO(FGF(>>66?0+

=1

KO]TPOVQD

91


7/104

Fgkgfd lo rdvcsto Koturo Mcictol+Ckirdso o www+koturo+fgh+hx

Fgkgfd lo vdrsck md lo Pdvcsto Koturoporo côm y c^bgkd/ Offdmdo Oppld Vtgrd y ojo lo oplcfofck+

_P Fgmd Offdmd o kudstrg sctcg wd` mdsmd

tu fdlulor+ oro usor dstd fmcig kdfdsctos uk

fdlulor fgk fhoro y lo oplcfofck md _P fgmd

ckstolomo+ Opukto lo fhoro bofco dl fmcig

y oprgvdfbo tgmg dl fgktdkcmg mcspgkc`ld+

BOS HV DK CK]DPKD]Dkfudktro los kgvdmomds md Koturodk los rdmds sgfcolds:

aofd`gge+fgh'koturo

NkoturoWhdxcfg

ygutu`d+fgh'koturohx

www+pcktdrdst+fgh'koturolotoh

@sfokgs/

Oprgvdfbo uko rdvcstordpldto md gpgrtukcmomds/

MDV]OFOMGV MDL FCFLG

KTDQOV OHDV_TDK]O

Lo lkdo Oh prdsdktouk kudvg dou md tgcldttdhosfulckg y uk òlh pgstòrò, fgk uk mdlcfcgsgorgho ohomdromg y ukoprdsdktofck hgmdrkoCmdolds poro pgkdr tu ohgrdk hgvchcdktg/ Fgkgfd hssg`rd dstd lokzohcdktg dk lopicko 49+

FBPGKGV BCMPO]OK]DVOK]CVDOLDVKg td pcdrmos los prghgfcgkds

dxfluscvos mdl fcflg dk bcmrotoktdsoktcsdolds Fbrgkgs+ Mdsf`rdlosdktrd los pickos ?1 y ?3+

KO]TPO DEGV FOV]OOMdsfu`rd uko prghgfck dspdfcol dkdl ect md pulpos md hokgs y pcds dk lo

picko 0?


8/104

ofdrfo

1

Dl mdsdg md vcvcr dk uk

hukmg hdjgr ds portd md

kudstrgs sudgs+

Komo dk dl ukcvdrsg dxcstd g sufdmd

pgr s sglg, pgrqud tgmg ds cktdrmdpdkmcdktd+

^gr dllg, poro fgkstrucr uk hukmg hdjgr, ds

aukmohdktol qud los pdrsgkos y los griokczofcgkds

sd fghprghdtok fgk lo dvglufck md lo sgfcdmom

y su mdsorrgllg sustdkto`ld+

Dk lo `squdmo md dsd hukmg cmdol, tgmgs

kgsgtrgs sghgs prgtoigkcstos+

]GMGV ^GPTK HTKMG

HDJGP

AG]GL

CLCOK

POFFGD

^O]PCFCOFLOPEVGK

Pgxoko czorrg, 61


9/104

KO]TPOOFDPFO

9

_ucdrds so`dr hs sg`rd dstos dldffcgkds7

Dktro o www+sustdkto`clcmomkoturo+kdt y dktrotd+

PDLOFCGKDV

qud troksagrhok

]T popdl

Dk Koturo, `usfohgs pdrdffcgkor fomo vdz hs los rdlofcgkds y prghgvdr

uk oh`cdktd md mclgig fgk kudstrgs p`lcfgs+

Dstg scikcafo ohplcor dl fgkgfchcdktg y hultcplcfor los vcscgkds sg`rd uk hcshg

tdho, pgrqud ol ukcr kudvos grhos md pdksor y md oftuor, toh`ck oyumohgs

o chpulsor dl mdsorrgllg md los sgfcdmomds+

] toh`ck tcdkds dl irok pgmdr md

oyumor o fgkstrucr uk hukmg hdjgr, pgr

hdmcg md pdqudgs idstgs qud ckspcrok+

Vgk tordos fclds, fghg rdpdksor

fgkfdptgs sg`rd dl fgksuhg, rdspdtor

o los pdrsgkos y dl hdmcg oh`cdktd y,

prckfcpolhdktd, osuhcr dl fghprghcsg

md oyumor dk lo hdjgro md lo sgfcdmom

dk qud vcvchgs+

Vc fomo ukg md kgsgtrgs mdmcforo

uk pgfg md tcdhpg poro fgktrc`ucr

fgk dl prjchg, dl hukmg pgmro

foh`cor y lldkorsd md dspdrokzo

poro los idkdrofcgkds auturos+

AG]GM

OKCDL^CKBDCPG

AG]GM

OKCDL^CKBDCPG

Horfdllo Arokfg, 6? y Frcspck Focrks, 03

Horfdllo Arokfg, 6? y Frcspck Focrks, 03


10/104

AdrkokmoKgiudcro, 66

K

O]TPOFBP

GKGV

?Oyumo o rdhgvdr lgs rdscmugs mdl mo o mo, fghg dlhoqucllojd, lo fgktohckofck y dl sumgr,sck oirdmcr lo pcdl+

^PDÔPOFCKlchpcor, mdshoqucllor, dxglcor y tgkcafor

tgmgs lgstcpgs md pcdl

;; MDVHO_TCLLOPLchpco y rdhudvd md hgmg dafoz

bosto dl hoqucllojd o prudò md oiuo+

Mdshoquclloktd

`cscfg ?4> hl

- 0=3+>> "03?9>#

- 0>4+>>"0>306#

VC DV]V TVOKMGHO_TCLLOJD,

PDDH^LOZO DL

JO@K ^GP DLMDVHO_TCLLOK]D

@CAVCFG O LO BGPOMD LCH^COP LO ^CDL+

;; DRAGLCOPDlchcko flulos hudrtos

y rdmufd lkdos akos+

tgmgs lgstcpgs md pcdl

ÔPOFGH^LDHDK]OPLO LCH^CDZO,DRAGLCO DLPGV]PG MD? O 0 QDFDV^GP VDHOKO+

Frdho hcfrgdxglcoktdpurcafoktd 4> i

- 003+>> "0>304#

]PO]OHCDK]G FGVH]CFGÔPO LO ^CDL

Koturo Fbrgkgs ds uko lkdomd prgmuftgs qud volgro lockmcvcmuolcmom y fucmo lo pcdl

dk fuolqucdr dtopo md lo vcmo+]gmg pgr hdmcg md lo hdjgrfgh`ckofck md oftcvgs ytdfkglgios poro qud pudmosdldicr dl trotohcdktg fgshtcfghs omdfuomg poro fomo ukomd tus kdfdscmomds+Koturo Fbrgkgs+

Boy ukg poro tu bcstgrco+


11/104

MTLLOSECEGA

DPPC]D

KO]TPOFBPG

KGV

KO]TPO^PGH

GFCGKDV

3

;; LCH^COPPdhudvd rdscmugs

sck oirdmcr lo pcdl y

prgpgrfcgko suovcmom+

Jo`k dk idl mdlchpcdzo cktdkscvo?=> i

- 02>+>> "0>34?#

- 00=+>> "029=2#

Dspuhomd lchpcdzo

rdardsfoktd ?4> hl

- 02>+>> "0>246#

- 00=+>> "0>24=#Pdhudvd chpurdzos y

rdardsfo lo pcdl+

Dhulsck frdhgsomd lchpcdzo ?4> hl"0>34=#

- 00=+>>"0>3=3#

Lchpco lo pcdl sck oirdmcrlo+Kg kdfdscto dkjuoiorsd+

Md: - 02>+>>

0?>>>

;; ]GKCACFOPOyumo o rdhgvdr los chpurdzos,rdfupdrokmg lo vctolcmom md lo pcdl+

pcdl kgrholo sdfo

Lgfck ostrckidktdrdiulomgro ?4> hl

- 02>+>> "0>346#

- 00=+>> "0>302#Pdmufd lo iroso

md lo pcdl y prgpgrfcgkouk dadftg hotd+

O^PGQDFBO/Fbrgkgs ^osgs @scfgspcdl kgrhol o sdfo fgk04$ md mdsfudktg

]O]DPEO

Lgfck tkcfoprgtdftgro ?4> hl

"0>301#

- 00=+>>"0>309#Pdardsfo y agrho ukofopo prgtdftgro sg`rdlo pcdl, hoktdkckmglosuovd d bcmrotomo+

Md: - 02>+>>

0?>>>

pcdl kgrholo sdfo

FTL DV ]T ]C G MD ^CDL7

;; ^cdl hcxto

Gldgso dk lo zgko

md lo ] "ardktd, korcz y

hdktk#, y kgrhol dk

dl rdstg mdl rgstrg+

;; ^cdl gldgso

Ospdftg `rclloktd,

fgk pgrgs mclotomgs

y prdmcspgscfck opuktgs kdirgs y ofk+

;;^cdl sdfo

Gpofo y sck `rcllg, fgk

tdkmdkfco o lo mdsfohofck

y dl rdsdfohcdktg+

;; ^cdl kgrhol

Koturolhdktd bcmrotomo,

suovd, solumo`ld y sck

gldgscmom opordktd+

pcdl hcxtoo iroso

pcdl iroso

pcdl hcxto

o iroso

rdpudstg


12/104

?>

Frdho poro lo`cgsy fgktgrkg md lo`cgs ?4 i

- 033+>> "0>341#

Pdstouro y prgtdid lgs lo cgsfgktro dl rdsdfohcdktg y losircdtos, y suovczo los sdolds+

LO@CGV

PDVDFOHCDK]G SVDOLDV OFDK]TOMOV

Dhulsck oktcsdoldsrdoarhomgro porofgktgrkg md gjgs ?4 i

- 033+>>"0>342#

Mcschulo y suovczo `glsos,gjdros y sdolds+ rgpgrfcgkodadftg tdksgr ckhdmcotg+

GJGV

GJDPOV, @GLVOVS LKDOV MD DR^PDVCK

Hsforo md bcmrotofckcktdkscvo 4> i

- 0>1+>>"0>349#Bcmroto lo pcdl pgr0= bgros, prgpgrfcgkokmgsuovcmom y luhckgscmom+

Vruhfgkfdktromg 6> hl

- =33+>>"0>344#Olto fgkfdktrofckmd oftcvgs qud suovczosdolds y prgpgrfcgko ukdadftg tdksgr ckhdmcotg+

PGV]PG

PDO DRFDVCQOHDK]DPDVDFO

PGV]PG

VDOLDVCK]DKVOV

]PO]OHCDK]G FGVH]CFG DV^DFACFG D CK]DKVCQGMdspus md prdporor lo pcdl, ds bgro md fghpldhdktor dl trotohcdktg fgshtcfg+Vo`os qud fomo rdick mdl rgstrg dkvdjdfd md uk hgmg mcadrdktd7 Ds pgr dsg qud dkdsto dtopo md`ds dsfgidr prgmuftgs omdfuomgs poro los kdfdscmomds hsdspdfafos md tu pcdl+ Cmdktcfolos+

0

TVOP 0 QDFDV GP VDHOKO+MDJOP OF]TOP GP4 HCKT]GV S PD]CPOP FGKOLIGMK BHDMG+

HDJGPO MDLPDVDFOHCDK]GMD LGV LO@CGV *

22$

92$O]DKTOFCK MDOPPTIOV S LKDOVMD DR^PDVCK *

MCVCHTLOCKHDMCO]OHDK]DLOV GJDPOV *

19$

O]DKTOFCK MDLKDOV MD DR^PDVCK DK]GMOV LOV PDICGKDVMDL PGV]PG*

3?$

99$DADF]G ]DKVGPCKHDMCO]G *

?>>$HDJGPO LOBCMPO]OFCKMD LO ^CDL *

KO]TPOFBPG

KGV

*Pdsultomgs

`osomgsdklopdrfdpfckmdhdjgromdlopcdlmdlosv

gluktorcosqud

utclczorgklgs

prgmuftgs+


13/104

??

OFLOPOHCDK]GMD LO ^CDL ***

2>$

?>>$HDJGPO MD LOLTHCKGVCMOM MD LO ^CDL **

TVOP MTPOK]D LOKGFBD, S MD MO T]CLCZOP^PG]DF]GP VGLOP+

39$DADF]G ]DKVGPCKHDMCO]G **

Vruh cktdkscvgofloromgr oktcsdolds 6> i

- 444+>>"6>20=#

Ofloro, gtgrio ukcgrhcmom dcluhcko lo pcdl+ Vuovczo lossdolds y ouhdkto lo arhdzo+

Fbrgkgs ^borho

PGV]PG

PDOV GVFTPDFCMOV

Vruh fgrpgrol`cg(rdmuftgr ?>> hl

- =13+>> "?1?09#

- 699+>>"?1264#

Oyumo o rdmufcr hdmcmos, os fghglo oporcdkfco md lo pcdl md korokjo+

Frdho poro hokgs`cg(rdidkdromgroA^V ?4 4> i

- 0?3+>>"?1262#

Mdvudlvd lo arhdzo

y dlostcfcmom o lo pcdlmd los hokgs+

Frdho md lchpdzo`cg(dxaglcoktd ?4> hl

- ?33+>>"?1930#

Dxglco y rdhudvdflulos hudrtos dchpurdzos md lo pcdl+

FTDP^GKoturo Fbrgkgs Fudrpg

]rotor dl rgstrg mcorcohdktd ds dsdkfcol poro uko pcdlsolumo`ld+ drg tu fudrpg toh`ck rdqucdrd md fucmomgsdspdfcolds+ Oqu dkfgktrors tgmo lo tdfkglgioKoturo Fbrgkgs poro dl fudrpg dktdrg+*

*^grfdktojdmdv

gluktorcosdklosfuoldslohdjgroaudpdrfc`cmoflkcfohdktdutclczokmgdlFbrgkgs^borhoOfloromgrOktcsdolds+

***^grfdktojdmd

vgluktorcosqudpdrfc`cdrgkhdjgroutclczokmgdl

Fbrgkgs^borhoOfloromgrOktcsdoldsfgh`ckomgfgkukprgtdftgrsglor+

KO]TPOFBPG

KGV

rdpudstg


14/104

Oko HorcoLcho, 0=

BCMPO]OFCKFBPGKGVBSMPO

Muroktd lo kgfbd tupcdl kdfdscto hsbcmrotofck

Fghpldhdkto dl usg mdlBymro A^V 6> Offck mdrhgfolhoktd

^cdl solumo`ld d bcmrotomopgr hs tcdhpg

Muroktd dl mo,bcmroto y prgtdidmdl sgl y md losoirdscgkds mcorcos

Bcmrotofck 0= bgros

Oyumo o prdvdkcr dldkvdjdfchcdktg prdfgz A^V 6>+ rgtdid fgktro lgs

roygs TQO'TQ@

^oro qucdk qucdrd bcmrotor,

prgtdidr lo pcdl y toh`ck prdvdkcrdl dkvdjdfchcdktg prdfgz,Fbrgkgs Bymro gardfd ukosglufck fghpldto md bcmrotofckfgk uko tdxturo ldvd md rpcmoo`sgrfck qud kg mdjo lo pcdliroso+ Ckmcfomg poro tgmgs lgstcpgs md pcdl+

6

KO]TPOFBPG

KGV

?0

Fgkgfd hs sg`rd lgs kudvgsprgmuftgs Fbrgkgs Bymroy rdolczo uk mcoikstcfg

gklckd md tu pcdl+ Offdmd owww+koturofbrgkgs+fgh+hx


15/104

Bcmrotoktdprgtdftgr mcorcgporo rgstrg 4> hl

- ?23+>>

PPG]D

FFCKT

QO

AG]G

DV]O@LD0=

brs

+

Mo "6412=# Kgfbd "61=00#

tdxturo lcvcoko^PG@OMGV, MDPHO]GLICFOHDK]DS GA]OLHGLICFOHDK]D

?6

KO]TPOFBPG

KGV

KTDQG


16/104

A V?4

Frdho oktcsdolds pglctdksgr mdsgyo mo A^V ?4 4> i

- 6=3+>>

- 013+>>

Frdho oktcsdolds pglctdksgrmd sgyo kgfbd 4> i

- 6=3+>>

- 013+>>

^rgpgrfcgko arhdzo o lo pcdl+Fgk A^V ?4+

6>% ogs "64>09# "64>02#

=4% ogs "64>03# "64>6>#

1>% ogs "64>6?# "64>60#

6>% ogs "61021# "61020#^rgpgrfcgko kutrcfck y rddkdriczo lo pcdl+=4% ogs "64>66# "64>6=#Oyumo dk lo rdfgkstruffck md lo pcdl+

23$HV ACPHDZO MD LO ^CDLFGK DL TVG FGK]CKTG+

HDJGPO MD LOO^OPCDKFCO MD LO CDL+

31$

OF]CQGV 6>% =4% 1>%

pglctdksgr md sgyo:arhdzo ckhdmcoto

mdrhgilcfmdgs:hsarhdzo, hdkgs orruios

dlostckgl % r: hdkgs sdolds

OF]CQGV =4%

Csgaovgkos md sgyo:rdfgkstruffck y rddquclc`rcg

OF]CQGV 6>%

^dptmdgs mdorrgz: hdjgrok dlospdftg md lo pcdl

BCMPO]OFCK OK]CVDOLDVDsto ds lo dtopo hs chpgrtoktd mdl trotohcdktg fgshtcfg aofcol, yo qud hoktcdkd lo pcdl prgtdicmoy solumo`ld+ Koturo Fbrgkgs gardfd mcadrdktds gpfcgkds md bcmrotofck+ Dsfgid lo tuyo+

Fbrgkgs ^glctdksgr md Vgyo

^CDL FGK?'= HV MDFGLIDKG

]PC^LDACPHDZO

DADF]G]DKVGP

CKHDMCO]G

6>$ hs dfgkhcfg94$ hdkgs

chpoftg oh`cdktol

G^FCKFGK PD^TDV]G

^CDL HV LCVO STKCAGPHD+

3>$

?=

KO]TPOFBPG

KGV

rdpudstg

6


17/104

Lo dmom kg ds dl kcfg aoftgr qud

mdtdrhcko los kdfdscmomds md tu pcdl+

B`ctgs olchdktorcgs, dstclg md vcmo, idktcfo,

dktrd gtrgs, toh`ck bofdk qud fomo

pdrsgko tdkio uko bcstgrco+ S poro fomo

bcstgrco boy uko gpfck md lo lkdo Koturo

Fbrgkgs+

^gfos sdolds, sdolds y hufbos sdolds+

Os dsfgids tu Koturo Fbrgkgs+

^gfos sdolds,sdolds g

hufbos sdolds7

Fomo rgstrg

tcdkd uko bcstgrco+

Fomo bcstgrco

tcdkd uk Fbrgkgs+

?4

KO]TPOFBPG

KGV


18/104

KO]TPOFBPG

KGV

?1

^cdl fgk ùdko oporcdkfco, scklos prchdros sdolds vcsc`ldsmd dkvdjdfchcdktg+

^PCHDPGVfucmomgs^PGMTF]GVÔPO DL MO

"0>340#"0>3=2#

^rdvcdkdmogs yprchdrossdolds+

PdkotoLukormdllc, =2

AdrkokmoKgiudcro, 66

OkmrdssoDstdvds, 04

DMTOPMGM

DLACH

]O

]DPEO

]O]DPEO

Frdhooktcsdolds 04%

A^V ?4 6> i"0>340#

- 60>+>> "0>3=2#

Frdho

oktcsdolds 6>%

A^V 6> 6> i

"6?3=2#

- 612+>>"6?3=9#

Frdho

oktcsdolds =4%

A^V 6> 6> i"6?3==#

- 612+>>"6?3=6#

BCMPO]OFCK OK]CVDOLDV

ôro qucdk qucdrd uko bcmrotofck oktcsdoldsfghpldto, fgk lo hdjgr fgh`ckofck md

oftcvgs y lo hs olto tdfkglgio poro fomodmom d cktdkscmom md sdolds+

]GMGV LGV @DKDACFCGVDK TK VGLG ^PGMTF]G 0 QDFDV HV BCMPO]OFCK

*

HV ACPHDZO

PG]DFFCK VGLOP A^V 6> S TQO*

HDKGV VDOLDV @LG_TDG MD LGV POMCFOLDV LC@PDV

@DKDACFCGV

* Vlg dk los frdhos oktcsdolds 6>%, =4% y 1>%+

^PDQDKFCK

PDKGQOFCK

PDD_TCLC@PCG

PDVTL]OMGVDK

9 mos**

Md: - =01+>>

60>>>

Md: - =3>+>>

612>>

Md: - =3>+>>

612>>

04$mdmd

sfudktg

04$mdmd

sfudktg

04$mdmdsf

udktg

rdpudstg


19/104

KO]TPOFBPG

KGV

?9

Oporcfck md los prchdros lkdos mddxprdsck y aofcmdz ldvd md lo pcdl+

^rdvcdkdpdqudgsmogs, rdmufd

tdkscgkds ytroto sdoldsldvds+

"6?3=2#

"6?3=9#

Mcshckuydlos sdoldsy rddquclc`ro lopcdl+

"6?3==#

"6?3=6#

Oporcfck md sdolds, lkdosmd dxprdsck y aofcmdz hgmdromomd lo pcdl+

Vdolds ofdktuomos, hufbos lkdosmd dxprdsck, aofcmdz cktdkso yprmcmo md lo rdscstdkfco md lo pcdl+

^rgpgrfcgko hsrhdzo y trotolos sdolds mddkvdjdfchcdktg+

"6?3=1#

"6?3=4#

@rckmo rhdzo,mcshckuyd sdoldsy rddquclc`rolo pcdl+

"6?3=0#

"6?3=?#

@rckmo rdscstdkfco,troto sdolds mddkvdjdfchcdktg yrddquclc`ro lo pcdl+

"6?3=>#

"6?363#

]u rgstrg kg ds ciuol ol rgstrg md oliucdk qud tcdkd tu hcsho

dmom+ Fomo ukg tcdkd uko bcstgrco, uk dstclg md vcmo y b`ctgs

qud cktdrdrdk dk dl hgmg dk qud lo pcdl dkvdjdfd+

Oprdkmd o dsfgidr tu bcmrotofck oktcsdolds:

?+ Cmdktcfo tu rokig md dmom: 04, 6>, =4, 1> ogs+

0+Qdrcfo lo cktdkscmom md tus sdolds, fgkscmdrokmgdl iromg md aofcmdz y lo foktcmom md orruios dk lo pcdl+

Offdmd owww+koturofbrgkgs+fgh+hxy fgkgfd hs sg`rd lgs prgmuftgs

md lo lkdo y sus `dkdfcgs+

** Pdsultomgs g`tdkcmgs fgk `osd dk lo pdrfdpfck md hdjgro md los vgluktorcos qud utclczorgk dl prgmuftg+

^GFOVsdolds Vdolds HTFBOVsdolds

KO]TPOFBPG

KGV

KO]TPO^PGH

GFCGKDV

04$md mdsfudktg

dk frdhos rdiulordsoktcsdolds


20/104

KO]TPOFBPG

KGV Oqu, pudmds dsfgidr pgr lo dmom d cktdkscmom md sdolds+

Boy uko frdho ckmcfomo poro fomo dtopo md tu vcmo+

@rckmo arhdzo,grtoldfd lo òrrdro mdprgtdffck md lo pcdl y

troto or ruios+

"60>>0# "60>>?#

Pdstourofck yrddquclc`rcgmd lo pcdl hcdktrosmudrhds+

@dttyHgktdcrg, 10

]O]DPEO

BCMPO]OFCK OK]CVDOLDV]GMGV LGV @DKDACFCGV

DK TK VGLG ^PGMTF]G

0 QDFDV HV BCMPO]OFCK*

HV ACPHDZO

^PG]DFFCK VGLOP A^V 6> S TQO*

HDKGV VDOLDV

@LG_TDG MD LGV

POMCFOLDV LC@PDV

@DKDACFCGV

* Vlg dk los frdhos oktcsdolds 6>%, =4%, 1>% y 9>%+

** Pdsultomgs g`tdkcmgs fgk òsd dk lo pdrfdpfck md hdjgro md los vgluktorcos qudutclczorgk dl prgmuftg+

KGFBDPDV]OTPOFCK

Oporcfck md sdolds,lkdos md dxprdsck y aofcmdzhgmdromo md lo pcdl+

Vdolds

ATDPZO

PDVTL]OMGVDK

9 mos**

ÔPO]GMOV LOVdmomds

rdpudstg

04$md mdsfudktg

dk frdhos rdiulordsoktcsdolds mo y kgfbd

Frdho oktcsdolds

1>% A^V 6> 6> i

"60>>0# pts

- 612+>> "60>>?# pts

Md: - =3>+>>

612>>

04$mdmd

sfudktg

Frdho

oktcsdolds

kgfturko 6> i

"0>366#

-612+>> "0>361#

Md: - =3>+>>

612>>

04$mdmd

sfudktg

?2


21/104

KO]TPOFBPG

KGV

Fbrgkgs pgfossdolds =4% A^V 6> %Fbrgkgs rdiuloroktcsdolds kgfbd"=>0=3#

Fbrgkgs pgfos sdolds6>% A^V 6> % Fbrgkgsrdiulor oktcsdolds kgfbd"=>0=9#

Fbrgkgs sdolds =4%A^V 6> % Fbrgkgs

rdiulor oktcsdoldskgfbd =>04>#

Fbrgkgs sdoldsrdiulor 6>% % Fbrgkgs

rdiulor oktcsdoldskgfbd "=>0=2#

Fbrgkgs hufbossdolds =4% A^V 6> %Fbrgkgs rdiuloroktcsdolds kgfbd"=>04?#

KO]TPOFBPG

KGV

KO]TPO^PGH

GFCGKDV

Ect Fbrgkgs 04% sdolds %Kgfbd

Fbrgkgs oktcsdolds rdiulor 04%

prchdrgs fucmomgs 6> i % Fbrgkgs

rdiulor oktcsdolds kgfbd 6> i"=>0=1#

Md: - 3?1+>>

=42>>

Md: - 32>+>>

=3>>>Ects Fbrgkgs

Fbrgkgs sdolds 1>%A^V 6> % Fbrgkgs

rdiulor oktcsdolds kgfbd"=>040#

4>$MD MDVFTDK]Gdk lgs ects md frdhos

mo y kgfbd

%

4>$

mdmdsfudktg


22/104

KO]TP

ODEGV

HO]DQDPMD

Mgkmd lgs vcdktgs rgs y udrtds sgplok,lgs orùstgs md hotd vdrmd frdfdk dkoùkmokfco+ Fgk uk fudrpg md kgtos mdhomdro y hòr, lo cktdkscmom y dkdrio mdlhotd vdrmd sd hokcadstok dk uko roiokfcomd orgho rdsfg y horfoktd, pgkcdkmg olbgh`rd dk scktgko fgk su koturoldzo+

Fglgkco hotd vdrmdDou md tgcldttd ?>> hl*

- 62>+>> "6=1=9#bdròl | rdardsfoktd | hotd vdrmd

AroiokfcoHOVFTLCKO

LO FGKDRCK DK]PD BGH@PD S KO]TPOLDZO

]gmgs agrhohgs portd md uko irok rdm vctol md rdlofcgkds d cktdrmdpdkmdkfco+Ckspcrkmgkgs dk lo so`cmuro pgpulor, troksagrhohgs los tromcfcgkds dk fgshtcfgsqud mdspcdrtok lgs sdktcmgs y kgs fgkdftok kudvohdktd fgk kudstrgs gridkds+ Fgkdsg qudrdhgs proftcfor y mcaukmcr lgs prckfcpcgs mdl mdsorrgllg sustdkto`ld fghg

audrzo troksagrhomgro, fdld`rokmg md dsto hokdro lo mcvdrscmom md lo vcmo+Koturo Degs, vcvd tu koturoldzo+

FgkgFd lo

pu`lcFcmom md dEgV


23/104

0?

4>$md mdsfudktg

Ect Degs ^ulpo mdhokgs y pcds

Ect fostokbo pulpo porohokgs y pcds 94 i

"=>046#

Md: - 03>+>>

?=4

Lo fostoo bo olchdktomg y kutrcmg o lgs pud`lgs md lo sdlvopgr idkdrofcgkds+ Ckspcromo dk dsto tromcfck, lo lkdo mdKoturo Degs trod arhulos qud gardfdk lo kutrcfck y lo

audrzo md lo fostoo o tu pcdl+

Dl r`gl md lo fostoo ds dl rdy md lo sdlvoohozkcfo+ Md su arutg sd dxtrod uko ldfbd`lokfo y kutrctcvo, qud ds uko md los prckfcpoldsaudktds md olchdktofck md lgs pud`lgs md lordick+ Md`cmg o los prgpcdmomds bcmrotoktdsmdl oftcvg, lgs prgmuftgs gardfdk kutrcfck dbcmrotofck o lo pcdl+

FOV]OO

0?

KO]TPODEGV

KO]TPO^PGHGFCGK

DV


24/104

KO]TPODEGV

Ldfbd fgkfdktromordporomgro mdpuktos ?>> hl

- ?64+>> "6=0=9#

Koturo Degs oprdkmc mdl fgkgfchcdktg

tromcfcgkol md lo fostoo dk lo fghukcmom

mdl Crotopuru+

Vbohpgg 6>> hl

- ??4+>> "6=0=?#- 30+>> "6=0=0#

00

FO@DLLG VDFG

G _TD@POMCZG

Dl r`gl md lo fostoo ds dl rdy md lo sdlvoohozkcfo+ Md su arutg sd dxtrod uko ldfbd`lokfo y kutrctcvo, qud ds uko md los prckfcpoldsaudktds md olchdktofck md lgs pud`lgs md lordick+ Md`cmg o los prgpcdmomds bcmrotoktdsmdl oftcvg, lgs prgmuftgs gardfdk kutrcfck dbcmrotofck o lo pcdl+

FOV]OO

KO]TPODEGV

Ofgkmcfcgkomgr 6>> hl

- ??4+>>"6=0=6#- 30+>> "6=0==#

Hsforo bcmrotoktd 0>> i

- 0?>+>> "6=161 #


25/104

KO]TPODEGV

06

ôro fgkgfdr hs sg`rd lgs kudvgsprgmuftgs koturo Degs ckirdso o:www+koturodegs+fgh

PDFT^DPO LODLOV]CFCMOMS AGP]OLDFDLO @OPPDPO^PG]DF]GPOMD LO ^CDL

BCMPO]OFCK

S KT]PCFCKBOV]O ^GP6> BGPOV

VDKVOFCKMD LDFBD

DK LO ^CDL

ûlpo bcmrotoktdporo hokgs 94 i

- ?=4+>>"6=0=1#

ûlpo md lchpcdzodxaglcoktd poro pcds 1> i

- ?63+>> "6=0=4#

ûlpo bcmrotoktdporo pcds 94 i

- ?=4+>> "6=619#

DV^THOFPDHGVO

KT]PCFCK SAGP]OLDFCHCDK]GMD LOV TOV

^CDL HVVTOQD

P^CMOO@VGPFCK

Jo`k dk òrro

purg vdidtol6 ukcmomds frdhgsosmd ?>> i fomo ukodhpofomosckmcvcmuolhdktd+

- ?43+>> "61120#

Jo`k frdhgsgporo dl fudrpg 04> hl

- ?=>+>>"6=04>#

- ??0+>>"6=04?#

KO]TPODEGV

@og md ldfbdbcmrotoktd 0>> hl

- 004+>> "64?24#

ûlpo bcmrotoktdporo dl fudrpg =>> hl

- 0=4+>> "6=614#- ?31+>>"6=611#

Ardsfgrmd fostoo?4> hlmulfd | rdardsfoktd |fostoo- 03>+>> "6=1=0#

rdpudstg


26/104


27/104

Ardsfgr ?4> hl

- 03>+>> "6=1=2#arutol | aosfckoktd | oo

Ofdctd trcascfgfgrpgrol0>> hl

- 063+>>"6=499#

^ulpo bcmrotoktdporo hokgs 94 i

- ?=4+>>"6=42=#

Fghg tgmgs lgs arutgs md lo koturoldzo,dstgs prgmuftgs dstk mcspgkc`lds slguko tdhpgromo ol og+^rud`o los tdxturos, aroiokfcos y fglgrdskcfgs qud lo fgsdfbo md dstd og kgsgardfd+

OO

KO]TPODEGV

04


28/104

Vbohpgg6>> hl- ??4+>>"6=14?#

- 30+>>"6=140#

Ofgkmcfcgkomgr

6>> hl

- ??4+>> "6=146#- 30+>>"6=14=#

Frdho poropdckor?4> hl- ?64+>>"64?2=#

Jo`k dk `orropurg vdidtol

6 ukcmomdsfrdhgsos md ?>> ifomo uko dhpofomo

ckmcvcmuolhdktd+- ?43+>>"6112>#

rdpudstg

FO@DLLG MOOMGS _THCFOHDK]D]PO]OMG

Kotcvo md lo Vdlvo Ohozkcfo5 md sussdhcllos sd bofd uk ofdctd qud furotgmgs lgs holds+ ^gr sus ckkuhdro`ldsusgs, dstd arutg ds uk irok ohcigmd lgs bo`ctoktds md lo sdlvo+

OKMCPG@O

^ulpo bcmrotoktdporo dl fudrpg =>> hlBcmrotofck pgrbosto 0= bgros+- 0=4+>>"6=41=#

- ?31+>>"6=411#

01

KO]TPODEGV


29/104

ûlpo md

hosojdfgrpgrol?>> i

- 09>+>>"6=414#

Ofdctd md hosojdOkmcrgò ?>> hl- ?12+>> "6=492#]dxturo lcidro+ Cmdolporo lo rdlojofck mdlfudrpg+

Ofdctd trcascfg 0>> hl- 063+>> "6=413#

- ?3?+>>"6=49>#Mdjo lo pcdl pdruhomoy sdmgso+ Fgk ofdctdsvdidtolds y dkvosd md ^D]+

Koturo DEGV oprdkmc mdl fgkgfchcdktgtromcfcgkol md lo okmcrgò dk los fghukcmomdsmdl Hdmcg Juru

09

KO]TPODEGV

Oiuo md òg61> hl *

- 693+>>

@rdu `rokfg"6=20#

mulfd | horfoktd |`rdu rokfg

^rcprcgfo"6=2?#

agrol | sdksuol | prcprcgfo

@OGV MD OPGHOMcsruto md uk òg pdruhomg, qud o`rozo tufudrpg fgk orghos rdsfgs y ohomdromgs+Vcdktd dk lo pcdl roiokfcos frdomos o portcr mdlgs ofdctds dsdkfcolds utclczomgs dk lgstromcfcgkolds ogs orghtcfgs md @roscl+


30/104

02

Vbohpgg 6>> hl

- ??4+>> "6=424#- 30+>> "6=421#

Kftorfgkfdktromgoktcarczz ( ?>> hl- ?64+>> "6=169#

Kftor bcmrotoktdporo los hokgs 94 i

- ?=4+>>"6=410#Bcmroto los hokgs fgk tdxturo lcidroy rdardsfoktd+ Md rpcmo o`sgrfck+

^ulpo bcmrotoktdporo pcdrkos

y pcds ?>> i- ?43+>> "6=416#Bcmroto los rdos hsrdsdfos+ Aroiokfco ardsfo+

rdpudstg

FO@DLLG PD@DLMD

S FGK APCZZ

]romcfcgkolhdktd fgkgfcmg pgr suvolgr olchdktcfcg y pgr sus prgpcdmomdsfolhoktds, dstd arutg md irok mcvdrscmomds uk tdsgrg md utclcmomds+ Dl ofdctd mdhorofuy fgktcdkd fcmgs irosgs fgkoffck dhglcdktd qud mdjok lo pcdl suovd+

HOPOFTS

KO]TPODEGV

Kftor bcmrotoktdporo dl fudrpg=>> hl

- 0=4+>>"6=41>#

- ?31+>>"6=41?#

Ofgkmcfcgkomgr 6>> hl

- ??4+>> "6=429#- 30+>>"6=422#

02


31/104

03

Jo`k dk orropurg vdidtol6 ukcmomdsmd ?>> i fomo uko

"61192#

Ofdctd trcascfg 0>> hl- 063+>> "6=49?#

- ?3?+>>"6=490#

Jo`k lqucmgporo dl fudrpg 04> hl

- ?=>+>> "6=1?>#

- ??0+>> "6=1??#Cmdol poro uk og rdardsfoktd+

Jo`k lqucmg porohokgs 04> hl

- ?1>+>> "6=1>1#

- ?02+>> "6=1>9#Vuovcmom, ardsfuro

y uko aroiokfcomuromdro+

KO]TPODEGV

KO]TPO^PGHGFCGK

DV

Jo`k lqucmgdxaglcoktd

poro dl fudrpg 0>> hl

- ?14+>> "6=1?1#Dxaglco suovdhdktd

lo pcdl rdtcrokmg chpurdzosy flulos hudrtos+

O^PGQDFBO/Jo`gkds dk orro o

prdfcg dspdfcol

Ardsfgr ?4> hlarutol | suovd | horofuy

- 03>+>> "6=1=6#

Md: - ?43+>>

?>303


32/104

6>

Lo pctokio ds uk rutg rdfgkgfcmg tromcfcgkolhdktdfghg sh`glg mdl flcho trgpcfol `roscldg+ Vus rutgskofdk dk o`ukmokfco y idkdrolhdktd sgk rgjgsy okorokjomgs+ Irofcos o sus kuhdrgsgs fokoldsprgmuftgrds md ofdctds orghtcfgs, sus bgjos dxbolokuk pdruhd suovd, oiromo`ld y rdrdsfoktd+

^C]OKIO

KO]TPODEGV

Jo`k dk `orropurg vdidtol pctokio6 ukcmomds frdhgsos

md ?>> i fomo uko+

"61193#

Ardsfgrpctokio ?4> hl*

- 03>+>>"6=1=4#rutol | vc`roktd |bgjos md pctokio

Ofdctd trcascfg pctokio 0>> hl

- 063+>> "6=496#

- 063+>> "6=49=#

Ofdctd trcascfgpctokioprdto 0>> hl

- 063+>> "6=449#- ?3?+>> "6=442#

Ardsfgr pctokio prdto ?4> hl*agrol | rdrdsfoktd | bgjos md pctokio- 03>+>>"6=1=1#

Md: - ?43+>>

?>3


33/104


34/104

Dl fofog ds uk arutg grcickorcg md lofudkfo mdl rg Ohozgkos, pdrg aud dk@obo @roscl dk mgkmd sd dkfgktr suhs audrtd dxprdsck y volgr fulturol+ Vussdhcllos iuormok uko hoktdfo prdfcgso,fgk prgpcdmomds bcmrotoktds qudld gardfdk prgtdffck cktdkso o lo pcdl+

FOFOG

KO]TPODEGV

ûlpo frdhgsofgrpgrol

bcmrotoktd 0>> i

- 043+>> "6=419#Bosto 61 bgros md

ultro bcmrotofck+]dxturo md hoktdfo,

mdkso y frdhgso+

Ardsfgr ?4> hl*

- 03>+>> "6=1==#mulfd | mdlcfomg | fofog

ûlpo bcmrotoktdporo pcdrkos y pcds ?>> i

- ?43+>> "6=412#ûlpo bcmrotoktd

poro los hokgs 94 i

- ?=4+>> "6=493#Bcmroto, prgtdid

y pdrauho los hokgs+

rdpudstg

Lo lkdo Degs Fofogmdjo lo pcdl y dl fo`dllgcktdksohdktd bcmrotomgsfgk uko mdlcfcgso aroiokfcodkvglvdktd y rdfgkagrtoktd+

60


35/104

Mdl fofog sd dxtrod uko hoktdfo huy

bcmrotoktd+ Lgs prgmuftgs md lo lkdo trotok

dl fo`dllg huy rdsdfg,bcmrotkmglg y

hoktdkcdkmg dl vgluhdk `ojg fgktrgl+

KO]TPODEGV

FO@DLLG HTS VDFG

S QGLTHCKGVG

Frdho poropdckor?4> hl

- ?64+>>"6=162#

Frdho kgfturkoporo dl fo`dllg ?4> hl

- ?14+>>"6=163#

Hsforo

bcmrotoktd 0>> i

- 0?>+>> "6=164#

Vbohpgg 6>> hl- ??4+>>"6=43=#

- 30+>>"6=434#

Ofgkmcfcgkomgr6>> hl

- ??4+>> "6=431#- 30+>> "6=439#

66


36/104

rdpudstg

arutos rgjospcdl sdfo

"?102=# "043??#Kutrd tu pcdlmd agrho cktdkscvo+Aroiokfcordardsfoktd+

oligmk pcdl sdfo

"00364# "043?>#Aroiokfco suovdy fgkagrto`ld+hgro y olhdkmros

"6644># "664=2#Bcmrotofck bosto pgr 0= bgros+Fgk uk tgqud cluhckomgr+

Fgk tgqudcluhckomgr

TK MO VCDH^PD DV^DFCOL

Lgs pdqudgs fucmomgs mcorcgs sgk uko dxpdrcdkfco md `cdkdstor+ Fomo hghdktgds kcfg+ Fomo sdksofck ds dspdfcol+ Koturo ]gmgmco ds uko lkdo md fucmomgsporo dl fudrpg qud fgkvcvd fgktcig mcorcohdktd+ Pdmdsfu`rd lgs pdqudgs plofdrdsdk fomo hghdktg md tu mo, tgmgs lgs mos+

Koturo ]gmgmco+ Mdsfu`rd dl plofdr md lo rutcko+

K

O]TPO]GMGMCO

hcdl y fdrdolds pcdl dxtro sdfo

"?102>#"043?0#

Kutrd lo pcdl md hokdro rdporomgro+Aroiokfco fgkagrto`ld+

grqumdo pcdl dxtro sdfo

"6?=>0#"6?=04#

Aroiokfco rdardsfoktd, kutrd yrdporo lo pcdl dxtro sdfo+


37/104


38/104


39/104

BCMPO]OK]DV MD @OG SJO@GKDV DK @OPPO

Bcmrotoktdmd `og fgkdkjuoiud 6>> hl- ?=3+>>

]us roiokfcos prddrcmosporo usor dk dl og+

oligmkpcdl sdfo

"0243>#Aroiokfco

fgkgrto`ld+

hgro y olhdkmros"66914#Bcmrotofck ckhdmcotod cktdkso qud dvcto lordsdqudmom md lo pcdl+

arutos rgjospcdl sdfo"031?9#Aroiokfcordrdsfoktd+

hofomohcopcdl sdfoAroiokfco fgkgrto`ld+"031?3#

69

Lgs Bcmrotoktds md @og md Koturo

]gmgmco tcdkdk uko tdxturo aucmo, fgk

olto fgkfdktrofck md ofdctds vdidtolds+

Agrhok uko pdlfulo prgtdftgro qud

hoktcdkd lo bcmrotofck md lo pcdl,

mdjkmglo suovd y pdruhomo+

KO]TPO]GMGMCO

69


40/104

KO]TPO]GMGMCO

62

JO@GKDV DK @OPPO

]us aroiokfcos prdadrcmos poro usor dk dl `og+

Fgk ofdctd ?>>$

vdidtol qud mdjo

lo pcdl suovd+

Jo`k dk orro purgvdidtolFojo fgk 4 ukcmomds

md 3> i fomo uko+

- ?62+>>

Jo`k dk `orro grqumdodxaglcoktd purg vdidtolFojo fgk 0 ukcmomds md 3> i fomo uko+

- 93+>>"6?=0=#

arutos rgjos"?16>0#Aroiokfco rdardsfoktd+

lchk

"?16>1#Aroiokfcordardsfoktd+

oligmk "00369#

Aroiokfco suovd

y fgkagrto`ld+

hofomohco

"?16>6#Aroiokfco

fgkagrto`ld+

hgro y olhdkmros

"664=3#

Vctcg Yd` Koturo ]gmgmco+Fgksulto tgmo lo ckagrhofck md ]gmgmco y dktrotd prchdrg

md sus lokzohcdktgs y prghgfcgkds+

Ckirdso owww+koturotgmgmco+fgh+hx y fgkgfd hs+


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Lgs jo`gkds Koturo Drvo Mgfd tcdkdk ckirdmcdktds

suovds qud lchpcok y prgtdidk lo pcdl, hoktdkcdkmg

su dquclc`rcg koturol, mdjkmglo fgk uk tgqud suovd

y pdrauhomg+

Oyumok o rdfupdror

lo fopo md prgtdffckmd lo pcdl uk 94$

hs rpcmg+

JO@GKDV

SG VGS^LV]CFGQDPMD

KO

]TPODPQO

MGFD HV VTOQCMOM, FTCMOMG S ^PG]DFFCK ÔPO ]T CDL

Arhulos suovds poro qud vcvos uko oiromo`ld sdksofck md `cdkdstor y fgkagrtdk dl mo o mo+ ]dxturos oiromo`lds y pB koturol poro fucmor md lo pcdl, fgk lo aroiokfcockfgkaukmc`ld md Koturo Drvo Mgfd+ ôro mdspdrtor lgs sdktcmgsy rdvctolczor tus dkdrios+

Jo`k frdhgsgporo los hokgs 04> hl

- ?43+>> "01==?#

- ?09+>>"02?94#

Lchpco lo pcdl y mdjo ukomdlcfomo fopo prgtdftgro+

Jo`k purg vdidtol frdhgsg dk òrroFojo fgk 6 jo`gkds md 3> i fomo ukg+

- ?=1+>> "0162=#


43/104


44/104

Drceo, 02, y su bcjgAdlcpd 6 hdsds

Hghdktg pgst(òg

Hghdktg md `cdkdstor, folho y rdlojofckdk dl qud lo hoh bcmroto y prgtdid ol `d`,trokshctckmgld tgmg su ohgr+

]olfg dk frdho

prgtdftgr 14 i

- ?>3+>>"6>=44#Dvcto lo crrctofck dk lgs plcdiudsmd lo pcdl+ rdvcdkd lo crrctofckmd lo pcdl mdl `d`+

Lgfck bcmrotoktd

prgtdftgro 0>> hl

- ?41+>>"6>=4=#

=0

KO]TPOHO

HS@D@

Vbohpgg suovd 0>> hl

- ?>3+>>"1=64#

- 23+>>"1194#

Lchpco sck crrctor dl fudrg fo`dllumg+

Jo`k vdidtol

0 ukcmomds md ?>> i fomo uko

- ?>3+>>"331?#Lchpco y suovczo lo pcdl mdl d`+Dhpoqud fgk 0 ukcmomds+

Ofgkmcfcgkomgr suovd?4> hl

- ?>3+>>"6>=43#- 23+>>"6>=42#

Oyumo o mdsdkrdmordl fo`dllg+ Mo `rcllg y suovcmom+

KO

]TPOHOHS@D@ QKFTLG HOH S @D@

O portcr md lo idstofck ds qud dl vkfulg dktrd homrd d bcjg fghcdkzo o frdorsdy sd agrtoldfd fgk dl tcdhpg5 l sd scdktd prgtdicmg pgr lo hcromo, pgr lo vgz,pgr dl orgho y pgr los forcfcos md lo homrd5 dk lgs hghdktgs mdl hosojd, lchpcdzoposdg y òg, dl `d` frdfd solumo`ld y adlcz+ Fuoktg hoygr ds dl vkfulgdktrd dllgs, hdjgr sdr lo rdlofck mdl kcg fgkscig hcshg, fgk sus aohclcords y fgk

lgs gtrgs muroktd lo vcmo+ Koturo Hoh y @d`+ Dl Ohgr Aukmohdktol+

Jo`k lqucmg ilcfdrckomg

md lo fo`dzo o lgs pcds 0>> hl- ?=>+>>"6>=49#Arhulo suovd, kg oirdmdlo pcdl mdl `d`+

rdpuds

tg

Hghdktg òg

Dl òg ds uk hghdktg md plofdr y md cktdrfoh`cg+Dk dstd fghportcr, lo hoh y dl `d` sd fghukcfok fgk dlldkiuojd mdl oadftg, dktdkmckmgsd y fgkgfckmgsd hdjgr+

]bcoig, 1 hdsds ysu hoh Alvco, 03


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48/104

lgfcgkds FGP^GPOLDV

^rftcfo topo

oktcordko+

Qokdsso Rovcdr, 64 ogs

LGFCGKDV^PG]DF]GPOVA^V6> S A^V1>Pdscstdkfco ol oiuoy sumgr bosto pgr6 bgros+Bcmrotofckprglgkiomo bostopgr ?0 bgros+

LO PDLOFCK D_TCLC@POMO S VOLTMO@LD FGK DL VGL

Tko lkdo fghpldto qud gardfd prgtdffck fgktro lgs roygs TQO y TQ@, fgh`otd lgsromcfolds lc`rds y dl agtgdkvdjdfchcdktg+ Vck aroiokfco, sus prgmuftgs fgktcdkdk arhulosmd tdxturo lcidro, kg irosgso y md rpcmo o`sgrfck, qud ioroktczok prgtdffck ckhdmcoto+Omdhs, bcmrotok y prgtdidk lo pcdl poro troksagrhor lo dxpgscfck ol sgl dk uk hghdktg

md plofdr y mcvdrsck+ Koturo Agtgdqucl`rcg, slg lg hdjgr mdl sgl+

KO]TPO

AG]GD_TCL@PCG

Lgfck prgtdftgro ?0> hl

- ?9>+>> "039?3#

1>Lgfck prgtdftgro ?0> hl

- 06>+>> "039?9#


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50/104

prgtdftgrds AOFCOLDV

LGFCK ^PG]DF]GPO AOFCOLA^V 6> S A^V 1>Pdscstdkfco ol oiuo y sumgr bosto pgr 6 bgros+Bcmrotofck prglgkiomo bosto pgr ?0 bgros+

Dlostckgl% P: tdfkglgio dxfluscvomd Koturo qud oyumo o rdporor lgsmogs fousomgs dk lo pcdl md`cmg olo dxpgscfck sglor+

Qokdsso Rovcdr, 64

Pdfghdkmomg poro pdrsgkos qud ofgstuh`rokdxpgkdrsd ol sgl y fosc scdhprd sd dkrgjdfdk+

Pdfghdkmomg poro pdrsgkos qud ofgstuh`rokdxpgkdrsd ol sgl y o vdfds sd dkrgjdfdk+

Pdfghdkmomg poro pdrsgkos qud fosc kukfosd dxpgkdk ol sgl y scdhprd sd dkrgjdfdk+

FHG DLDICP DL ^PG]DF]GP VGLOP HV OMDFTOMG

Los romcofcgkds TQ@ y TQO sgk rdspgkso`ldsmdl dkvdjdfchcdktg y ouhdktok dl rcdsig md

fgktrodr fkfdr dk lo pcdl+ ^gr dsg lochpgrtokfco md usor prgtdftgrds sglords qudtcdkdk lo fopofcmom md o`sgr`dr lgs roygsTQO y TQ@+ stgs sd hcmdk sdik su A^V+

Vo`os qud+++7

KO]

TPOAG]GD_TCL@PCG

^rgtdftgr lo`colbcmrotoktd ultro 4 i- ?>>+>> "0439=#

^rdvcdkd lo rdsdqudmommd lgs lo`cgs+ Pdscstdol oiuo yol sumgrbosto pgr6 bgros+

Lgfck prgtdftgro aofcol 4> hl- ?2>+>> "04320#

Lgfck prgtdftgro aofcol 4> hl- 0?>+>> "0432?#

=2


51/104


52/104

Fohclo Hckuzzc,01 ogs+

]T FO@DLLG DV KCFG FGHG ]Koturo ^lokt td grdfd trotohcdktgs qud ofghpook tgmgs tus mdsdgs md foh`cgy lgs md tu fo`dllg toh`ck+ Fgh`ckokmg tdfkglgio fgk oftcvgs koturolds md oltgmdsdhpdg, `rckmo rdsultomgs vcsc`lds mdsmd lo prchdro oplcfofck+Koturo ^lokt+ ] foh`cos, kgsgtrgs td fucmohgs+

4>

KO]TPO

^LOK]

Vbohpgg6>> hl

- 93+>>"64616#LOKZOHCDK]G/- 12+>>

"6461=#

^OPO FO@DLLG MOOMG ^GP ^PGFDVGV _THCFGVTkcgrho los futfulos, rdporokmg lo a`ro fopclor moomo pgr prgfdsgs quhcfgsfghg fglgrofcgkds, pdrhokdktds y olcsomgs+ Vu rhulo dkrcqudfcmo fgk ofdctd mdKudz ^dfok rdfgkstruyd los bd`ros moomos, mdjokmg ol fo`dllg bcmrotomg y `rclloktd+

?>>$FO@DLLGPD^OPOMG*

PDQC]OLCZOFCK ^GV(_THCFO

Ofgkmcfcgkomgr6>> hl

- 93+>>"64614#LOKZOHCDK]G/

- 12+>> "64611#

LOKZOHCDK]G/

* Dstumcg fuoktctotcvg fghporomg sck oidktds fgkmcfcgkoktds+Ckvdstciofck rdolczomo fgk ?0> vgluktorcos+


53/104

KO]TPO^LOK]

Hsforordstouromgro 04> i

- ?=>+>>"64619#LOKZOHCDK]G/- ?0>+>> "64612#

Frdho mo ykgfbd ?4> hl

- ?66+>>"64613#Oyumo o pdckor dlfo`dllg muroktd dl

mo y lg prgtdid,kutrckmglg muroktd

lo kgfbd+

Alucmg rdvctolczomgr mdpuktos 6> hl

- 32+>>"6469?#Pdmufd dl arczz bosto

pgr 0= bgros y rdvctolczolos puktos dvctokmg

qud stos sd o`rok+

^OPO FO@DLLG KGPHOL O IPOVGHoktcdkd dl fo`dllg hokdjo`ld, rclloktd y solumo`ld5dquclc`ro los rofds irosgsos y los puktos sdfos+

LOKZOHCDK]G/

@PCLLG S VTOQCMOM

Ofgkmcfcgkomgr ( 6>> hl

- 93+>> "?299>#- 12+>> "?299?#

Vbohpgg 6>> hl

- 93+>>"?2912#- 12+>> "?2913#

3>$HV @PCLLG,VTOQCMOM SVDMGVCMOM+*

Frdho bcmrotoktdldvd sck dkjuoiud

?9> hl

- ?66+>> "?2990#

rdpudstg


54/104


55/104


56/104

KO]TPO^LOK]

4=

FBG_TD PDIDKDPO]CQG

^OPO FO@DLLG HTS MOOMG]rotohcdktg rdidkdrotcvg cktdkscvg qud rdsto`ldfd lo solum y lo `dlldzomd los bd`ros dk bosto mgs sdhokos, mdvglvckmglds hgvchcdktg yvctolcmom+ udmd usorsd oltdrkomohdktd fgk gtros lkdos Koturo lokt+

3=$PDIDKDPOFCK MDLFO@DLLG BOV]O DKMGV VDHOKOV *

Ect fbgqud rdidkdrotcvg:? hsforordidkdromgro ?>> i% ? sruh

rdidkdromgr 4> hl- 04>+>> "00639#

VbohpggOfgkmcfcgkomgr

6>> hl

- 34+>>"0?6>?#

Frdhoprglgkiomgro9> hl

- ?66+>>"0?6>0#

OPO ]GMG ]C^G MD FO@DLLGOffck oktcrrdscmugs: lovo o prgaukmcmom y mdjo uko oiromo`ldsdksofck md lchpcdzo y ardsfuro+ udmd utclczorsd fgk fuolqucdr

ofgkmcfcgkomgr md Koturo ^lokt+

LCH^CDZO ^PGATKMO

2?$HV PDVCMTGVPDHGQCMGV*

Vbohpgg 6>> hl

- 93+>>"?22>6#

- 12+>> "?22>4#


57/104

KO]TPO^LOK]

44

ÔPO FO@DLLG VDFG G PDVDFG

Bcmrotofck md lorio murofck fgk Vcstdho md @lckmojd Cktdlcidktd, qud grtoldfd dl cktdrcgr md lo a`ro fopclor

y prghudvd dl sdllomg md su futfulo, prgtdicdkmg dl fo`dllg md los oirdscgkds dxtdrkos+

BCMPO]OFCK PDÔPOMGPO

* ^rudò fuoktctotcvo dk fghporofck fgk dl sbohpgg sck usg md ofgkmcfcgkomgr+

32$FO@DLLG HVBCMPO]OMG*

Frdhokgfturko ?4> hl- ?66+>>"02412#

Frdho poro

pdckor ?9> hl- ?66+>>"02413#

Ofgkmcfcgkomgr 6>> hl- 93+>> "0246>#

- 12+>> "02403#

Hsforo cktdkscvo 04> i- ?=>+>> "02419#

- ?0>+>> "02411#L]CHG FCFLGMD QDK]OV/

Vbohpgg 6>> hl- 93+>> "02460#- 12+>> "0246?#

Vdllomgr mdpuktos 04 hl

- 32+>> "60410#


58/104

ÔPO MDV^DP]OP DHGFCGKDV

Lgs pdruhds prgvgfok sdksofcgkds y rdvcvdk sdktchcdktgs+ Vgk dl ortd md prgmufcrdsthulgs qud kgs lldvok o lg qud rdolhdktd sghgs y kgs rdfgkdftok fgk kudstrodsdkfco+ Koturo frdo horfos fgk fgkfdptgs qud idkdrok cmdktcafofck y kgs oyumoko dxprdsor dhgfcgkds prgukmos+ Komo sd fghporo fgk dl dstclg Koturo

md frdor pdrauhds+

KO

]TPO^DPAT

HDPO

Jo`gkds dk òrro

rdardsfoktds

0 ukcmomds md ?>>i

fomo ukg- ?=6+>>"00=60#

Mdsgmgroktd

fglgkco adhdkcko

94hl

- =43+>>"6=960#homdro | sdksuol | pchcdkto

Ofdctd poro hosojds

?>> hl- 0>3+>>"00=03#

Mdsgmgroktd fglgkco

hosfulckg ( 94hl- =43+>>"6=96?#bcdròs | sdksuol | fdmrg

FgkgFd lo

pu`lcFcmom md oh


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66/104


67/104


68/104


69/104


70/104


71/104


72/104


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74/104

]bcoig ^dradttc, 01

Aroiokfcos poro qud dl bgh`rdpudmo sdktcr, vcvcr y mdjor su horfoo lg lorig md su jgrkomo+Koturo Bghdh,dstor `cdk o fomo posg+

KO]TPO BGHDH

^DPATHDPO

KO]TPO

FTCMOMGV

^OPODLBGH@PD

]DR]TPO TL]POLCIDPO,VDFOMG P^CMG D

BCMPO]OFCK OPO

LO ^CDL

DMCFCKLCHC]OMO/

Jo`k dk orro6 ukcmomds md ?>> ifomo ukoDMCFCK LCHC]OMO/- ?=>+>> "6?0=0#

Fglgkco KoturoBghdh gk ?>> hl*- 4>3+>> "6>12>#mulfddkvglvdktdh`or

Frdho md oadctorrdardsfoktd 94 i- ?06+>>"6?0=1#

Oquoidl poromdspus mdoadctorsd 4> i- ?63+>>"6?0=4#


75/104

^oro fucmor mdl bgh`rdhcdktros l fucmo mdsu vcmo+ Lo lkdo trodprgmuftgs qud gardfdk

uko sdksofck mdrdkgvofck pgr hdmcgmd ckirdmcdktds koturoldsy olto tdfkglgio+

PGV]PG S FTDP^G

DADF]G ]DKVGPCKHDMCO]G:OLCQCO DLOV^DF]G

FOKVOMG MDLPGV]PG

^PG]DFFCKBOV]O ^GP

0= BGPOV

96

Fglgkco KoturoBghdh uruh ?>> hl*- 4>3+>> "6?42=#ohomdromghcstdrcgsgvdtcvdr

Bcmrotur`grdforio rpcmoporo dlrgstrg 4> i- ?23+>>"6?0=6# Mdsgmgroktd

oktctrokspcroktdpdrauhomgrgll(gk 94 hl^rgtdffck suovd+

- 23+>> "6>242#

Fglgkco KoturoBghdh ?>> hl*- 4>3+>> "6>21>#ohomdromg

rdardsfoktd

jdkic rd

KO]TPOF

TCMOMGV^OPO

DLBG

H@PD


76/104


77/104

94

Dspuho md oadctorsd0>> i ' 006 hl

- ?36+>> "03316#Bcmroto lo pcdl+

Lgfck poro mdspusmd oadctorsd ?>> hl

- 061+>>"03343#

Frdho md oadctorfgk dspuho ?>> hl ' 2> i^rgtdid muroktd dl oadctomg+

- ??1+>> "03314#

Idl poro mdspusmd oadctorsd 94 i

- ?03+>> "0331>#Pdardsfo y rdfupdrolo pcdl+

@olh poro mdspusmd oadctorsd 94 hlFolho d bcmroto lo pcdl+

- ?03+>> "0331?#

KO]TPOF

TCMOMGV^OPO

DLBG

H@PD


78/104


79/104


80/104

O^GSOKMG LO DMTFOFCK ÔPO TK HRCFG HDJGP

Tko sgfcdmom hs justo sd fgkstruyd pgr hdmcg md uko dmufofckmd folcmom+ Aud fgk dsto fgkvcffck qud Koturo frd dl prgirohoFrddr poro Qdr+ @dkdafcokmg o hclds md kcgs y kcos

poro oyumor o troksgrhor kudstrg pos+

Frdohgs dk 0>>3 dl prgiroho Frddr poro Qdr pgrqud frddhgs dk lo dmufofckfghg hgtgr md troksgrhofck sgfcol+ Dk 0>?0, -0+=3=+>>> g`tdkcmgs irofcos o lovdkto md lgs prgmuftgs md dsto lkdo, udrgk mdstckomgs o prgydftgs dmufotcvgs md losgriokczofcgkds Qo Dmufofck, Aukmofck DMTFO y Mdpgrt(ds poro Fghportcr+Kudstrg g`jdtcvg ds hdjgror lo folcmom md lo dmufofck qud rdfc`dk lgs kcgs y los kcosmd Hxcfg, pgr lg qud dstohgs troòjokmg fgk griokczofcgkds dmufotcvos, outgrcmomds,hodstrgs y dsfudlos, opgyokmg hdtgmglgios qud pdrhctok lgiror foh`cgs prgukmgs+Irofcos o kudstros Fgksultgros pgr su lo`gr dk lo vdkto md dstgs prgmuftgs y pgr tuopgyg ol fghprorlgs+*

KO]TPO ]TÔP]CFCÔFCK

O^GSG O LODMTFOFCK" #FPDDP ÔPO QDP % 8

KO]TPOFPDDPÔ

POQDP

@glso md fghpros- ?>>+>>"6=662#Foh`co los glsos mdplstcfg pgr dsto prftcfo ydfglicfo glsobdfbo ?>>$ md oligmk ydstohpomo dk sdrciroo+Mchdkscgkds:61 x 69+4 x ?6 fhLo forio hxchods md ?> ei+

Lgkfbdro

- ??4+>>"6=663#Dk lo dsfudlo g lo gafcko, uso dstoprftcfo y grcickol lgkfbdro+ Lddkfoktor o tus sdrds qudrcmgs+

Pdfudrmo qud fgk tu fghproopgyos lo dmufofck mdhclds md kcgs+

Hotdrcol: kdgprdkgMchdkscgkds:oltg 00 x lorig 01+4 x okfbg 2+4 fh

Dstufbd md lpcfds

- =1+>>"6=6=?#Hdmcmos:?? fh md oltg x 00 fhmd lorig x 1 fh md okfbgHotdrcol: tdlo fokosto

Hgfbclo kco

- ?=>+>>"6=6=>#Hdmcmos:=> fh md oltg x 60 fh md lorigx 3 fh md okfbg

Hotdrcol:tdlo fokosto

Hgfbclo kcg

- ?=>+>>"643>0#Hdmcmos:

=> fh md oltgx 60 fh

md lorig x 3 fhmd okfbgHotdrcol:

tdlo fokosto


81/104

93

Forrctg

- 0>>+>>"640=4#Fgk = rudmctos ajos,pgrto`gtdllos yfghportchcdktg fgkfcdrrd+

Hotdrcol:

pglydstdr 1>> fglgrhgromg, fgk grrgkylgk rdpdldktd,chprdsck o 0 tcktos+

Mchdkscgkds:

lorig 02+4 xoltg 41 xudlld ?4 fh

Ozul

- ==+>>"00932#

L ?1 x O ?2 x ?> fh

Qckg

- =2+>>"00939#

L 00 x O 0= x ?? fh

Qdrmd

- 61+>>"00933#

L ?2 x O 04

x ^ 3

Pgso

- =>+>>"002>?#L 00+4 x O 01+2x ^ ?0 fh

* Dstchotcvo osomo dk lo prgydffck md dkdafcomgs d ckvdrscgkds mdl prgiroho poro 0>?6+

Kudvos lloktos hs

rdscstdktds y aukfcgkolds

FOJOV

Fortk ?>>$ rdfcflomg+

VG@PDV @GLVO

Fortk ?>>$ rdfcflomg+

Oiorromdros

- ?>>+>>"6>66?#Bdfbos md lgkdtodstohpomo fgk sdrciroo+

ôqudtd md 0 oiorromdrosMchdkscgkds:?3 x ?3 fh

Fuomdrkg

- 24+>>"640=0#^rftcfg y sustdkto`ld, cmdol porolldvor o tgmgs lomgs y rdolczorokgtofcgkds chpgrtoktds+Hdmcmos: ?6 x 0? fh?>> bgjos royomos+ ^grtomo ricmo+Dspcrol md plstcfg lokfg

? picko fgk stcfedrs? sg`rd cktdrcgr

KO]TPOFPDDPÔPOQ

DP

^luho cfglgr

- ?0+>>"6=6=0#

korokjo"6=6=1#

ozul"6=4??#

]ozo md fdrhcfo- 93+>>Lckmo y prftcfo+Fopofcmom: hdmcg lctrg+Ofoòmg rclloktd pgrmdktrg y hotd pgr udro+Mchdkscgkds:mchdtrg 3+= fh

oltg ?>+1 fh


82/104


83/104

2?

KO]TPOQCQO

KO]TPO^PGHGFCGKDV

@GFO

]dxturo frdhgsoqud oyumo oajor dl lo`col+

Lpcz poro

fgktgrkg md lo`cgs ?,= i

fglgr 0 vckg "0=694#

fglgr ? horrk "0==>>#

O^PGQDFBO/lo`colds y lpcfds

poro fgktgrkg mdlo`cgs o prdfcgs

dspdfcolds

Md: - 93+>>

44f'u

Lo`col A^V 2 6,4 i

Md: - 23+>>

43f'u

?>

?=

2

fglgr ?9 "0==?6#

fglgr ?2 "0=69?#

fglgr =6 "0==??#

rgsos

fglgr ?? "0==?4#

fglgr ?0 "0=612#

fglgr ?= "0==?=#

horrgkds

fglgr = "0=613#

fglgr 6 "0==?3#

fglgr 4 "0==?2#

fg`rds y mgromgs

fglgr>2 "0==?1#

fglgr>9 "0==?9#

rgjgs

Fglgrds cktdksgsy olto fg`drturo


84/104

20

KO]TPOQCQO

Ilgss lo`col 9 hl

- 31+>>

fglgr 9"0==>4#

fglgr ?"0==>3#

fglgr 6"0==>9#

fglgr ?= "0==>?#

fglgr ?6"0==>0#

fglgr 2"0==>=#

fglgr 0"0==>2#

fglgr ?0"0==>6#

@GFO

Dk uko sglo oplcfofcklgirors uko

ptcho fg`drturofgk `rcllg cktdksg+

GJGV

fglgr 0

KG MCV^GKC@LD/

fglgr 6

KG MCV^GKC@LD/

Dstufbd md sgh`ro

y mdlckdomgr dk pglvg

poro gjgs6,1 i

- ?4>+>>

fglgr ?

KG MCV^GKC@LD/


85/104


86/104


87/104

24

Ect md pckfdlds

- ??1+>> "?>904#

pckfdl

poro gjgs ?

?6+4 fh

pckfdl

poro ru`gr

?4 fh

pckfdl

poro `gfo

?6+4 fh

pckfdl

poro

gjgs 0

?6+0 fh

fglgr6

rgso"0=624#

fglgr 0solhk"0=622#

fglgr=horrk"0=621#

Pu`gr 6 i

- ?02+>>

PGV]PG

Pu`gr mg=,4 i

- ?4>+>>

fglgr 0"62023#

fglgr 6"6203>#Ofo`omg

suovd y afcldsporfchcdktg+

Oplcfo dl ru`gr dk dl puktg hs

sg`rdsolcdktd mdl phulg fgk

hgvchcdktgs rgtotcvgs+

^udmds oyumortd

fgk uk pckfdl+

Kgro,60 ogs

KO]TPOQCQO


88/104


89/104

KO]TPOT

KO

Oprgxchomohdktd 34 oplcfofcgkdsfgkscmdrokmg usg mcorcg+

`dcid florg "0=016# `dcid hdmcg "0=014#

`dcid fostog "0=0=4# horrk florg "099>0#

@OVD L_TCMO

@DKDACFCGV

Arhulo fgk 62$ md oftcvgs vdidtolds Olto fg`drturo y dadftg koturol Bcmrotofck ckhdmcoto Lc`rd md ofdctd, poro tgmg tcpg md pcdl]rotohcdktg oktcsdolds 0= bgros md murofck A^V ?4 y prgtdffck TQO

tdfkglgioFBPGKGVdlostckgl%P y FOG

aoftgr mdprgtdffcksglor

bcmrotofckckhdmcoto

- 6?3+>> 6> hl^oro uko fg`drturo olto,

prgtdffck y trotohcdktg+

FGK]DFKGLGIOOK]CVDOLDV

florg "09036# hdmcg "09034#rgsomg "0903=# fostog "09922#

FGPPDF]GP OL]O FG@DP]TPO

@DKDACFCGV

Fu`rd gjdros prgaukmos

y pdqudos chpdradffcgkds Fgktcdkd vctohcko D y offck oktcgxcmoktd


- ??1+>> ?> i^oro uko fg`drturo oltomd chpdradffcgkds+

29


90/104

KO]TPOT

KO

hdmcg"0909?#

"09096#

fostog"0909>#

"0909=#

florg"09090#

"096?4#

^GLQG FGHÔF]G

@DKDACFCGV

Ofoòmg ukcgrhd, rdmufd dl

`rcllg dxfdscvg

Ddftg koturol, tdxturo ultrolcvcoko Mcschulo los lkdos akos

md dxprdsck

Fgk fdrohcmos md horofuy,

vctohcko D, pcihdktgs trotomgsy mcusgrds ptcfgs

- 6>3+>> ?> i- 06?+>>

florg "0=0=3# hdmcg "0=0=2#

Arhulo o òsd md oiuo, lc`rd md ofdctds

]dxturo lcvcoko

Dxfluscvo tdfkglgio Koturo: Dlostckgl %

P fgk oktcgxcmoktds qud oyumok o

prdvdkcr los sdolds md lo dmom

Dadftg otdrfcgpdlomg

Fg`drturo suovd y ofoòmg koturol

A^V ?4

@OVD ALTCMO A^V ?4

@DKDACFCGV



@osd aucmo 6> hlôro uko fg`drturo hdmco,

prgtdffck y trotohcdktg+

?19f'uMd: - 0>3+>>

fostog "6?034#

?64,24f'uMd: - 0>3+>>

22

64$mdmd

sfudktg

@osds lucmos fgkMDVFTDK]GV DV^DFCOLDV

0>$mdmdsfudktg


91/104

23K

O]TPOT

KO

rdpudstg

- 634+>>

9,4 i

hdmcg ' gsfurg"0=0=?#hdmcg ' florg"0=0=0#

- 6?1+>>

0,4 i

rgso "0=9>4# `rgkfd "0=9>=#

Oprgxchomohdktd

009 oplcfofcgkdsfgkscmdrokmg su usg

mcorcg+

]DFKGLG

IO

FBPGKGV:Fghòtdlosorruiosmdldkvdjdfchcdktg+

^rgpgrfcgkoarhdzo,dlostcf

cmomyrdkgvofckfdlulorolopcdl+

Arhulo y tdxturo mcdrdkfcomos

Fg`drturo ldvd y ddftg koturol

Bcmrotofck koturol

Luhckgscmom y ukcgrhcmom md lo pcdl

A^V ?4 y prgtdffck TQO

@DKDACFCGV

^GLQG VTDL]G OPO DL PGV]PG A^V ?4 PT@GP DK ^GLQG

@DKDACFCGV

Ddftg otdrfcgpdlomg

y ofoòmg koturol

Pdolzo dl fglgr dk lo

prchdro oplcfofck

]dxturo ultroako

Ofoòmg koturol

PT@GP FGHÔF]G

@DKDACFCGV

PT@GP CLTHCKOMGP

@DKDACFCGV

Ddftg koturol

y ldvdhdktd cluhckomg

- 6?3+>> ( 0,0 irgso 0 "66>49#

- 6?1+>> ( =,4 i- 034+>>

`rgkfd

"096>>#

"09031#

fgrol

"096>?#

"09039#

rgso

"096>0#

"09032#

KO]TPO^

PGHGFCGKDV


92/104


93/104

3?K

O]TPOT

KO

horrk"099>6#

kdirg

"0969?#

@DKDACFCGV

Fglgr cktdksg mdsmd lo prchdro oplcfofck Murofck prglgkiomo

L^CZ PD]PF]CL O ^PTD@O MD OITO

oalomgr md pukto

- ?1>+>> 02> hi

kdirg"0=6>=#

@DKDACFCGV

Fglgr cktdksg fgk ptcho ajofck 2 bgros md murofck

L^CZ LOPIO MTPOFCK

- ?1>+>> ?,0 i

MDLCKDOMGPDV OPO GJGV

MDLCKDOMGP L_TCMG

@DKDACFCGV

Olto murofck y fglgrds cktdksgs ^rdfcsck dk lo oplcfofck

kdirg "016=?# horrk "016=># - ?3>+>> ?,2 hl

L^CZ EOJOL

@DKDACFCGV

]dxturo suovd, ptchg

mdslczohcdktg y fcl oplcfofck ^ukto poro dsuhor

- ?4>+>> ?,?= i

kdirg"0=020#

horrk"0=02?#


94/104


95/104

36

DR]PO QGLTHDK

- 0?4+>> 2 hlkdiro

"6?39?#

@DKDACFCGV

6>$ hs md vgluhdk

Kg mdjo iruhgs

Gatolhglicfohdktd prgòmo

Murofck bosto pgr 2 bgros

Arhulo md sdfomg rpcmg

Vlg pudmd sdr rdtcromofgk oiuo tc`co+

VT^DP OLOPIOHCDK]G

@DKDACFCGV

Fdpcllg md `rgfbos sclcfgkomos

Kg mdjo iruhgs

Vdporo, mdackd y olorio los

pdstoos

Gatolhglicfohdktd prgòmo

]cdkd vctohcko D

- 0?4+>> 2 hlkdiro

"61=04#

KO]TPOT

KO

@ròro ôllomckg, 6> ogs, uso

sgh`ro trg òedm fglgr ?+

VT^DP OLOPIOHCDK]G DR]PO QGLTHDK


96/104

3=3=KO]TPOT

KO

- =96+>>0,4 i

FTOP]D]G MD VGH@POV

@DKDACFCGV

Fglgrds hotd y `rclloktds Fg`drturo ptcho]dxturo ako, sdmgso Lorio murofckQctohcko D

`rclloktd

hotd

Dstufbd fgkprdsdktofck dxfluscvo+

^CKFDLÔPO

PT@GP"0=091#

- 043+>>

* Lgs pckfdlds mdl ect kg sgkvdkmcmgs md grho sdporomo+

Fdrmos poro mcsdor, mdstofor g fgrrdicr chpdrdffcgkds+ ckfdl poro pdckor los fdjos y los pdstoos+

FDJOV S GJGV

Fdrmos poro dsuhor y frdor ddftgs sgh`rdomgs+Dspgkjo poro oplcfor y dsuhor los sgh`ros+

GJGV

Fdrmos arhds y prdfcsos+

LO@CGV

EC] MD^CKFDLDV*"0=093#

- 093+>>

OFFDVGPCGV

^CKFDLÔPO@OVD L_TCMO"0=094#- 043+>>

^CKFDL ÔPO^GLQG"0=092#

- 093+>>

L]CHG FCFLGMD QDK]OV/

fglgr = "096?>#fglgr 6L]CHG FCFLG MD QDK]OV/

"096??#


97/104

Fgkgrt y `rcllg Bcmroto y mcshckuyd los lkdosakos md lgs lo`cgs

A^V ?4 y prgtdffck TQO

ILGVV A^V ?4

@DKDACFCGV

tdfkglgioFBPGKGVfdrohcmos md horofuy y FOG


bcmrotofckckhdmcoto

@GFO

`rclloktd

frdhgsg

tdrrofgto "0903>#fglgr md `gfo "09023#

- ?1>+>> 04> hi

L^CZ PD]PF]CL ^OPO LO@CGV

@DKDACFCGV

]dxturo suovd, o prud`o md oiuo

- ?23+>> 1 hlrgso ?>? "09?4?#

fgrol ?=? "66>66#

rgso ?=> "66>61#

`gfo ?=> "66>69#

fgrol ?=> "66>6=#

rgso ?=? "66>64#

rgjg ?>> "09?40#

rgso ?>> "09?=1#

fg`rd ?>> "09?=2#

fglgr md gfo?>> "09?4>#

pdrlo ?>> "09?==#

fgrol ?>> "09?=9#

34

Hs `rcllg yfglgrds vc`roktdsporo tus lo`cgs+

KO]TPOT

KO


98/104

31KO]TPOT

KO

@oròro ôllomckg, 6> ogs,

uso lo`col cktdksg agr rgjg =

LO@COLDV CK]DKVGV A^V ?4 ALGP

@GFO

DMCFCK LCHC]OMOBOV]O OIG]OP DRCV]DKFCOV

@DKDACFCGV

Olto fg`drturo y acjofck

Bcmrotofck ckhdmcoto y

rdstourofck md lgs lo`cgs

Mdfgrofck dspdfcol dk lo òlo

horrk =KG MCV^GKC@LD/

`gfo =KG MCV^GKC@LD/

uvo ?"666>2#

vckg 0L]CHG FCFLGMD QDK]OV/"666>3#

rgso 2L]CHG FCFLGMD QDK]OV/"666?0#

rgjg =L]CHG FCFLGMD QDK]OV/"666?6#

Lo`col cktdksgA^V ?4 Algr 6,4 i- ?2>+>>

L]CHG FCFLGMD QDK]OV/


99/104


100/104

Fucmomg d

bcmrotofck

poro tu pcdl+

^rgmuftg

hs vdkmcmg

md Koturo

Dkfudktro dstgs prgmuftgs^PGHGFCGKOMGV

dk lo picko 0?

^ulpos poro hokgs y pcds Koturo Degs


101/104


102/104

K o t u r o F b r g k g s

]o t c o k o y ^ o t r c f c o , 6 0 o g s +

L o h c s h o d m o m , f o m o u k o f g k s u b c s t g r c o

y u k F b r g k g s m c a d r d k t d o m d f u o m g

o f o m o c k t d k s c m o m m d s d o l d s +

L o k c f o l k d o f g k a r h u l o s d s p d f a c f o s p o r o m c a d r d k t d s

c k t d k s c m o m d s m d s d o l d s d k h u j d r d s m d l o h c s h o d m o m +

^ g f o s s d o l d s , s d o l d s y h u f b o s s d o l d s +

O s d l c i d s t u K o t u r o F b r g k g s +

A c r h d z o B c m r o t o f c k

Boy ukg poro tu b c s tgr co +

^GFOV VDOLDV VDOLDV

^GFOV VDOLDV


103/104

P d m u f f c k m d l k d o s @ l g q u d g m d r o m c f o l d s l c ` r d s A ^ V 6 >

]g m g s l g s ` d k d a c f c g s d k u k s g l g p r g m u f t g +

1>%

=4%

6>%

VDOLDV HTFBOV VDOLDV


104/104

^ O ] P C F C O ] O ] C O K O

o`rd oqu ymdsfu`rd hs

revista natura ciclo 05-2013

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