Download - Revista Natura Ciclo 05-2013
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PDQCV]O
fcflg>4 0>?6
OH DV_TDK]O+Kudvo aroiokfco Hosfulcko porodkfdkmdr lgs sdktcmgs y glvcmortgmg lg mdhs+ Fdld`ro dl ohgrmd vdrmom, tu ohgr+
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Io`c y Horfdlg,juktgs mdsmd bofd mgs ogs, kudvd hdsds+
S ds pdradftg qud sdo os+pdradftg+
md vdrmom kg ds
Dlohgr
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Dsqudkto ds uko adsto
portcfulor fgk mgs
ckvctomgs y uko ckvctofck:dkfdkmdr lgs sdktcmgs y
glvcmorsd md tgmg lg mdhs+
Fdld`ro dl ohgr md
vdrmom+ ]u ohgr+
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Oumcg Lcke osctcg wd`
Fgktdkcmgdxtro
Fdrror Qcmdg
Iu IP uP `
VCIKCACFOMG MD LGV FGKGV
Koturo toh`ck td gardfd lo
vdrsck Mcictol poro to`ldts/
d ckvctohgs o mdsforfoior looplcfofck dk ppld tgrd gtclczokmg dl fmcig _P mdojg+
_P FGMD ( ^oro mdsfcaror dstd fmcig, kdfdsctos tdkdr fdlulorg to`ldt fgk fhoro y dl oplcfotcvg ldftgr ckstolomg+
dlvd o loclcgtdfomgkmd sd
dkfdktroktgmos losdmcfcgkds+
dslczobgrczgktolhdktd
pgr dl sfrgll
poro ko kdvohokdro mdkovdior+
`sfo foptlgspgr poloros
kvco dl lckemd lo Pdvcstootro pgrd(hocl
dslczo
bgrczgktolhdktdporo kovdiordktrd los picko
^oro bofdr zgghck 'gt tgforpcmohdktd0 vdfds lopoktollo g mdslczolgs mdmgs+
gfo lo poktollo? vdz poro llohor
lo orro mdkovdiofck+
0
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Drds Fgksultgr'o7
bOz FLCFe y FGKQCrtDtD DK
FGKVuLtGr'O+
ghpldto dl agrhulorcg y shotd
fghg gksultgr'o+
OFFDVG DRFLuVCQG FGKVuLtGr'O+
Pdolczo tu pdmcmg gklckd dk hckutgs+
Dsts cKtDPDsoMG DK FGhpPoPKuDstPGs pPGMuFtGs7
gktftotd fgk tu gksultgr'o
oturo y dhpcdzo o mcsarutor dl
`cdkdstor qud td `rckmok kudstrgs
prgmuftgs+
DKFuDKtrO DK AOFD`GGe
tu FGKVuLtGr'O hV
FDrFOKG'O+
bOz FLCFe
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KO]TPODEGV0>
KO]TPOHOH S @D@
=0
KO]TPO]GMGMCO
6=
KO]TPODPQO MGFD
=>
FTCMOMGV^OPO DL BGH@PD
90
PDQCV]O KO]TPO DV TKO ^T@LCFOFCK MD KO]TPO FGVH]CFGV V+O+ MCPCICMO O FGKVTL]GPOV, FGKVTL]GPDV, FGKVTHCMGPDV S MDHV^@LCFG PDLOFCGKOMG FGK KO]TPO+ LOV ^PGHGFCGKDV S LGV ^PGMTF]GV GAPDFCMGV VGK QLCMGV ^OPO DL FCFLG >4'0>?6, G @CDK BOV]OOIG]OP DRCV]DKFCOV+ LGV ^PDFCGV MD DV]D HO]DPCOL VGK VGLOHDK]D VTIDPDKFCOV _TD LDV GAPDFDHGV O FGKVTL]GPOV S FGKVTL]GPDV MDKO]TPO, _TCDKDV VGK O@VGLT]OHDK]D LC@PDV MD PDQDKMDP LGV ^PGMTF]GV FGK LGV ^PDFCGV _TD HV LDV FGKQDKIOK+ VC ] KG DV]V
VO]CVADFBG FGK LGV ^PGMTF]GV MD KO]TPO, ^TDMDV FOH@COPLGV G ^DMCP DL PDDH@GLVG+ FGGPMCKOFCK OKMPV VKFBDZ LGZOKG SFOPGLCKO HGGPD+ ^PGMTFFCK CKMDVCIK+ PDV^GKVO@LD LGTCVD MGKOMDL, IO@PCDLO DVFOHCLLO+ FGKFD^]G FPDO]CQG OPCZGKOLO]CK^PGSDF]G IPACFG @CZT MDVCIK ]POMTFFCK FDK]PG LO]CKG MD LKITOV "FLL#+ CH^PDVCK PD^PGMTFFCGKDV AG]GHDFKCFOV V+O+ MD F+Q++LGV FGLGPDV MD LGV ^PGMTF]GV ^TDMDK QOPCOP DK LO CH^PDVCK+Koturo Fgshtcfgs V+O+ ds lo tctulor md fuolqucdr mdrdfbg md prgpcdmom cktdldftuol y mdoutgr sg`rd dl fgktdkcmg md dsto Pdvcsto y sd rdsdrvo tgmgs sus mdrdfbgs+ Komo md lg ckflucmg g fgktdkcmg oqu, tolds fghg hotdrcol prgtdicmg pgr mdrdfbgs md outgr,horfos, lgigs y mdhs ckgrhofck sg`rd lo fuol rdfocio uk mdrdfbg md prgpcdmom cktdldftuol, ckfluydkmg pdrg kg lchctomg o tdxtgs, gtgiroos, clustrofcgkds y lo tgtolcmommd lgs fgktdkcmgs md lo Pdvcsto, pgmr sdr rdprgmufcmg, oltdromg, hgmcafomg fghg uko g`ro mdrcvomo, rdmcstrc`ucmg, trokshctcmg g usomg poro akds fghdrfcolds, dktgmg g dk portd, dk fuolqucdr grho g cmcgho g pgr fuolqucdr hdmcg, dldftrkcfg g hdfkcfg, ckfluydkmg gtgfgpcomg, iro`ofck g pgr fuolqucdr gtrg hdmcg tcl poroiuormor ckagrhofck g rdfupdrorlo, sck outgrczofck prdvco, dxprdso y pgr dsfrctg md Koturo Fgshtcfgs V+O+ Fuolqucdr usg kg oprgpcomg mdl fgktdkcmg md dsto Pdvcsto dstprgbc`cmg yo qud pudmd vcglor lo ldicslofck oplcfo`ld dk lo hotdrco y sdr mdkukfcomg oktd los outgrcmomds fgrrdspgkmcdktds+
IOPOK]O KO]TPO: VKOF ( VDPQCFCG KO]TPO MD O]DKFCK OL FGKVTHCMGP ]DL+: >?2>> 23> 303= ( YYY+KO]TPO+FGH+HRFGP^GPO]CQG KO]TPO HRCFG DJPFC]G KOFCGKOL 493, GACFCKO HDZOKCKD(F, FGL+ IPOKOMO, HRCFG M+A+, F+^+ ??40>+
KO]TPOFBPGKGV
2
^rghgfcgkds o lg lorig md lgs foptulgs+KMCFD
OLFGBGL QDID]OL GPIKCFGLo hoygr portd md kudstros fglgkcos y mdsgmgroktds dk sproy fgktcdkdk olfgbgl vdidtol grikcfg dk surhulo+ gr dsg, lgs prgmuftgs fousok hdkgs chpoftg dk lo koturoldzo+
KG PDOLCZOHGV PTD@OV DK OKCHOLDV
Mdsmd dl og 0>>1, drromcfohgs fghpldtohdktd los prud`os dk okcholds+ oro dllg, rdolczohgs uko irokckvdrsck dk tdfkglgio y fopofctofck cktdrko qud ioroktczo lo sdiurcmom kdfdsorco dk kudstrgs prgmuftgs+
^PGMTF]GV FGK PD^TDV]GV
Auchgs ukos md los prchdros dhprdsos md fgshtcfgs md Ohrcfo Lotcko qud lokz rdpudstgs dk susprgmuftgs, dk ?326+ Dstgs fgksuhdk hdkgs hotdrco prcho qud lgs dkvosds kgrholds+
KO]TPO^LOK]
4>
KO]TPOKO]TP
==
^DPATHDPO41
KO]TPOAG]GD_TCL@PCG
KO]TPOFPDDP ^OPO QDP92
KO]TPOTKO
21
KO]TPO2>
KO]TPOOFDPFO
^rgirohos, prgydftgs d cmdos ckspcromgrosqud prghudvdk dl `cdk dstor `cdk md kudstro sgfcdmom+
1
Chprdsg pgr Pdprgmuffcgkds Agtghdfkcfos, V+O+ mdF+Q+ fgk mghcfclcg dk Mdhgfrofcos Kg+ ??1 Fgl+ VokHciudl Ohoktlo, Mdldiofck Ozfopgtzolfg, F+^+ >09>>,Hxcfg M+A+Fdrtcafomg dk lo fomdko md fustgmcoVIVKO(FGF(>>66?0+
=1
KO]TPOVQD
91
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Fgkgfd lo rdvcsto Koturo Mcictol+Ckirdso o www+koturo+fgh+hx
Fgkgfd lo vdrsck md lo Pdvcsto Koturoporo c^om y c^bgkd/ Offdmdo Oppld Vtgrd y ojo lo oplcfofck+
_P Fgmd Offdmd o kudstrg sctcg wd` mdsmd
tu fdlulor+ oro usor dstd fmcig kdfdsctos uk
fdlulor fgk fhoro y lo oplcfofck md _P fgmd
ckstolomo+ Opukto lo fhoro bofco dl fmcig
y oprgvdfbo tgmg dl fgktdkcmg mcspgkc`ld+
BOS HV DK CK]DPKD]Dkfudktro los kgvdmomds md Koturodk los rdmds sgfcolds:
aofd`gge+fgh'koturo
NkoturoWhdxcfg
ygutu`d+fgh'koturohx
www+pcktdrdst+fgh'koturolotoh
@sfokgs/
Oprgvdfbo uko rdvcstordpldto md gpgrtukcmomds/
MDV]OFOMGV MDL FCFLG
KTDQOV OHDV_TDK]O
Lo lkdo Oh prdsdktouk kudvg dou md tgcldttdhosfulckg y uk `olh pgst`or`o, fgk uk mdlcfcgsgorgho ohomdromg y ukoprdsdktofck hgmdrkoCmdolds poro pgkdr tu ohgrdk hgvchcdktg/ Fgkgfd hssg`rd dstd lokzohcdktg dk lopicko 49+
FBPGKGV BCMPO]OK]DVOK]CVDOLDVKg td pcdrmos los prghgfcgkds
dxfluscvos mdl fcflg dk bcmrotoktdsoktcsdolds Fbrgkgs+ Mdsf`rdlosdktrd los pickos ?1 y ?3+
KO]TPO DEGV FOV]OOMdsfu`rd uko prghgfck dspdfcol dkdl ect md pulpos md hokgs y pcds dk lo
picko 0?
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ofdrfo
1
Dl mdsdg md vcvcr dk uk
hukmg hdjgr ds portd md
kudstrgs sudgs+
Komo dk dl ukcvdrsg dxcstd g sufdmd
pgr s sglg, pgrqud tgmg ds cktdrmdpdkmcdktd+
^gr dllg, poro fgkstrucr uk hukmg hdjgr, ds
aukmohdktol qud los pdrsgkos y los griokczofcgkds
sd fghprghdtok fgk lo dvglufck md lo sgfcdmom
y su mdsorrgllg sustdkto`ld+
Dk lo `squdmo md dsd hukmg cmdol, tgmgs
kgsgtrgs sghgs prgtoigkcstos+
]GMGV ^GPTK HTKMG
HDJGP
AG]GL
CLCOK
POFFGD
^O]PCFCOFLOPEVGK
Pgxoko czorrg, 61
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KO]TPOOFDPFO
9
_ucdrds so`dr hs sg`rd dstos dldffcgkds7
Dktro o www+sustdkto`clcmomkoturo+kdt y dktrotd+
PDLOFCGKDV
qud troksagrhok
]T popdl
Dk Koturo, `usfohgs pdrdffcgkor fomo vdz hs los rdlofcgkds y prghgvdr
uk oh`cdktd md mclgig fgk kudstrgs p`lcfgs+
Dstg scikcafo ohplcor dl fgkgfchcdktg y hultcplcfor los vcscgkds sg`rd uk hcshg
tdho, pgrqud ol ukcr kudvos grhos md pdksor y md oftuor, toh`ck oyumohgs
o chpulsor dl mdsorrgllg md los sgfcdmomds+
] toh`ck tcdkds dl irok pgmdr md
oyumor o fgkstrucr uk hukmg hdjgr, pgr
hdmcg md pdqudgs idstgs qud ckspcrok+
Vgk tordos fclds, fghg rdpdksor
fgkfdptgs sg`rd dl fgksuhg, rdspdtor
o los pdrsgkos y dl hdmcg oh`cdktd y,
prckfcpolhdktd, osuhcr dl fghprghcsg
md oyumor dk lo hdjgro md lo sgfcdmom
dk qud vcvchgs+
Vc fomo ukg md kgsgtrgs mdmcforo
uk pgfg md tcdhpg poro fgktrc`ucr
fgk dl prjchg, dl hukmg pgmro
foh`cor y lldkorsd md dspdrokzo
poro los idkdrofcgkds auturos+
AG]GM
OKCDL^CKBDCPG
AG]GM
OKCDL^CKBDCPG
Horfdllo Arokfg, 6? y Frcspck Focrks, 03
Horfdllo Arokfg, 6? y Frcspck Focrks, 03
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AdrkokmoKgiudcro, 66
K
O]TPOFBP
GKGV
?Oyumo o rdhgvdr lgs rdscmugs mdl mo o mo, fghg dlhoqucllojd, lo fgktohckofck y dl sumgr,sck oirdmcr lo pcdl+
^PD^OPOFCKlchpcor, mdshoqucllor, dxglcor y tgkcafor
tgmgs lgstcpgs md pcdl
;; MDVHO_TCLLOPLchpco y rdhudvd md hgmg dafoz
bosto dl hoqucllojd o prud`o md oiuo+
Mdshoquclloktd
`cscfg ?4> hl
- 0=3+>> "03?9>#
- 0>4+>>"0>306#
VC DV]V TVOKMGHO_TCLLOJD,
PDDH^LOZO DL
JO@K ^GP DLMDVHO_TCLLOK]D
@CAVCFG O LO BGPOMD LCH^COP LO ^CDL+
;; DRAGLCOPDlchcko flulos hudrtos
y rdmufd lkdos akos+
tgmgs lgstcpgs md pcdl
^OPOFGH^LDHDK]OPLO LCH^CDZO,DRAGLCO DLPGV]PG MD? O 0 QDFDV^GP VDHOKO+
Frdho hcfrgdxglcoktdpurcafoktd 4> i
- 003+>> "0>304#
]PO]OHCDK]G FGVH]CFG^OPO LO ^CDL
Koturo Fbrgkgs ds uko lkdomd prgmuftgs qud volgro lockmcvcmuolcmom y fucmo lo pcdl
dk fuolqucdr dtopo md lo vcmo+]gmg pgr hdmcg md lo hdjgrfgh`ckofck md oftcvgs ytdfkglgios poro qud pudmosdldicr dl trotohcdktg fgshtcfghs omdfuomg poro fomo ukomd tus kdfdscmomds+Koturo Fbrgkgs+
Boy ukg poro tu bcstgrco+
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MTLLOSECEGA
DPPC]D
KO]TPOFBPG
KGV
KO]TPO^PGH
GFCGKDV
3
;; LCH^COPPdhudvd rdscmugs
sck oirdmcr lo pcdl y
prgpgrfcgko suovcmom+
Jo`k dk idl mdlchpcdzo cktdkscvo?=> i
- 02>+>> "0>34?#
- 00=+>> "029=2#
Dspuhomd lchpcdzo
rdardsfoktd ?4> hl
- 02>+>> "0>246#
- 00=+>> "0>24=#Pdhudvd chpurdzos y
rdardsfo lo pcdl+
Dhulsck frdhgsomd lchpcdzo ?4> hl"0>34=#
- 00=+>>"0>3=3#
Lchpco lo pcdl sck oirdmcrlo+Kg kdfdscto dkjuoiorsd+
Md: - 02>+>>
0?>>>
;; ]GKCACFOPOyumo o rdhgvdr los chpurdzos,rdfupdrokmg lo vctolcmom md lo pcdl+
pcdl kgrholo sdfo
Lgfck ostrckidktdrdiulomgro ?4> hl
- 02>+>> "0>346#
- 00=+>> "0>302#Pdmufd lo iroso
md lo pcdl y prgpgrfcgkouk dadftg hotd+
O^PGQDFBO/Fbrgkgs ^osgs @scfgspcdl kgrhol o sdfo fgk04$ md mdsfudktg
]O]DPEO
Lgfck tkcfoprgtdftgro ?4> hl
"0>301#
- 00=+>>"0>309#Pdardsfo y agrho ukofopo prgtdftgro sg`rdlo pcdl, hoktdkckmglosuovd d bcmrotomo+
Md: - 02>+>>
0?>>>
pcdl kgrholo sdfo
FTL DV ]T ]C G MD ^CDL7
;; ^cdl hcxto
Gldgso dk lo zgko
md lo ] "ardktd, korcz y
hdktk#, y kgrhol dk
dl rdstg mdl rgstrg+
;; ^cdl gldgso
Ospdftg `rclloktd,
fgk pgrgs mclotomgs
y prdmcspgscfck opuktgs kdirgs y ofk+
;;^cdl sdfo
Gpofo y sck `rcllg, fgk
tdkmdkfco o lo mdsfohofck
y dl rdsdfohcdktg+
;; ^cdl kgrhol
Koturolhdktd bcmrotomo,
suovd, solumo`ld y sck
gldgscmom opordktd+
pcdl hcxtoo iroso
pcdl iroso
pcdl hcxto
o iroso
rdpudstg
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?>
Frdho poro lo`cgsy fgktgrkg md lo`cgs ?4 i
- 033+>> "0>341#
Pdstouro y prgtdid lgs lo cgsfgktro dl rdsdfohcdktg y losircdtos, y suovczo los sdolds+
LO@CGV
PDVDFOHCDK]G SVDOLDV OFDK]TOMOV
Dhulsck oktcsdoldsrdoarhomgro porofgktgrkg md gjgs ?4 i
- 033+>>"0>342#
Mcschulo y suovczo `glsos,gjdros y sdolds+ rgpgrfcgkodadftg tdksgr ckhdmcotg+
GJGV
GJDPOV, @GLVOVS LKDOV MD DR^PDVCK
Hsforo md bcmrotofckcktdkscvo 4> i
- 0>1+>>"0>349#Bcmroto lo pcdl pgr0= bgros, prgpgrfcgkokmgsuovcmom y luhckgscmom+
Vruhfgkfdktromg 6> hl
- =33+>>"0>344#Olto fgkfdktrofckmd oftcvgs qud suovczosdolds y prgpgrfcgko ukdadftg tdksgr ckhdmcotg+
PGV]PG
PDO DRFDVCQOHDK]DPDVDFO
PGV]PG
VDOLDVCK]DKVOV
]PO]OHCDK]G FGVH]CFG DV^DFACFG D CK]DKVCQGMdspus md prdporor lo pcdl, ds bgro md fghpldhdktor dl trotohcdktg fgshtcfg+Vo`os qud fomo rdick mdl rgstrg dkvdjdfd md uk hgmg mcadrdktd7 Ds pgr dsg qud dkdsto dtopo md`ds dsfgidr prgmuftgs omdfuomgs poro los kdfdscmomds hsdspdfafos md tu pcdl+ Cmdktcfolos+
0
TVOP 0 QDFDV GP VDHOKO+MDJOP OF]TOP GP4 HCKT]GV S PD]CPOP FGKOLIGMK BHDMG+
HDJGPO MDLPDVDFOHCDK]GMD LGV LO@CGV *
22$
92$O]DKTOFCK MDOPPTIOV S LKDOVMD DR^PDVCK *
MCVCHTLOCKHDMCO]OHDK]DLOV GJDPOV *
19$
O]DKTOFCK MDLKDOV MD DR^PDVCK DK]GMOV LOV PDICGKDVMDL PGV]PG*
3?$
99$DADF]G ]DKVGPCKHDMCO]G *
?>>$HDJGPO LOBCMPO]OFCKMD LO ^CDL *
KO]TPOFBPG
KGV
*Pdsultomgs
`osomgsdklopdrfdpfckmdhdjgromdlopcdlmdlosv
gluktorcosqud
utclczorgklgs
prgmuftgs+
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??
OFLOPOHCDK]GMD LO ^CDL ***
2>$
?>>$HDJGPO MD LOLTHCKGVCMOM MD LO ^CDL **
TVOP MTPOK]D LOKGFBD, S MD MO T]CLCZOP^PG]DF]GP VGLOP+
39$DADF]G ]DKVGPCKHDMCO]G **
Vruh cktdkscvgofloromgr oktcsdolds 6> i
- 444+>>"6>20=#
Ofloro, gtgrio ukcgrhcmom dcluhcko lo pcdl+ Vuovczo lossdolds y ouhdkto lo arhdzo+
Fbrgkgs ^borho
PGV]PG
PDOV GVFTPDFCMOV
Vruh fgrpgrol`cg(rdmuftgr ?>> hl
- =13+>> "?1?09#
- 699+>>"?1264#
Oyumo o rdmufcr hdmcmos, os fghglo oporcdkfco md lo pcdl md korokjo+
Frdho poro hokgs`cg(rdidkdromgroA^V ?4 4> i
- 0?3+>>"?1262#
Mdvudlvd lo arhdzo
y dlostcfcmom o lo pcdlmd los hokgs+
Frdho md lchpdzo`cg(dxaglcoktd ?4> hl
- ?33+>>"?1930#
Dxglco y rdhudvdflulos hudrtos dchpurdzos md lo pcdl+
FTDP^GKoturo Fbrgkgs Fudrpg
]rotor dl rgstrg mcorcohdktd ds dsdkfcol poro uko pcdlsolumo`ld+ drg tu fudrpg toh`ck rdqucdrd md fucmomgsdspdfcolds+ Oqu dkfgktrors tgmo lo tdfkglgioKoturo Fbrgkgs poro dl fudrpg dktdrg+*
*^grfdktojdmdv
gluktorcosdklosfuoldslohdjgroaudpdrfc`cmoflkcfohdktdutclczokmgdlFbrgkgs^borhoOfloromgrOktcsdolds+
***^grfdktojdmd
vgluktorcosqudpdrfc`cdrgkhdjgroutclczokmgdl
Fbrgkgs^borhoOfloromgrOktcsdoldsfgh`ckomgfgkukprgtdftgrsglor+
KO]TPOFBPG
KGV
rdpudstg
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Oko HorcoLcho, 0=
BCMPO]OFCKFBPGKGVBSMPO
Muroktd lo kgfbd tupcdl kdfdscto hsbcmrotofck
Fghpldhdkto dl usg mdlBymro A^V 6> Offck mdrhgfolhoktd
^cdl solumo`ld d bcmrotomopgr hs tcdhpg
Muroktd dl mo,bcmroto y prgtdidmdl sgl y md losoirdscgkds mcorcos
Bcmrotofck 0= bgros
Oyumo o prdvdkcr dldkvdjdfchcdktg prdfgz A^V 6>+ rgtdid fgktro lgs
roygs TQO'TQ@
^oro qucdk qucdrd bcmrotor,
prgtdidr lo pcdl y toh`ck prdvdkcrdl dkvdjdfchcdktg prdfgz,Fbrgkgs Bymro gardfd ukosglufck fghpldto md bcmrotofckfgk uko tdxturo ldvd md rpcmoo`sgrfck qud kg mdjo lo pcdliroso+ Ckmcfomg poro tgmgs lgstcpgs md pcdl+
6
KO]TPOFBPG
KGV
?0
Fgkgfd hs sg`rd lgs kudvgsprgmuftgs Fbrgkgs Bymroy rdolczo uk mcoikstcfg
gklckd md tu pcdl+ Offdmd owww+koturofbrgkgs+fgh+hx
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Bcmrotoktdprgtdftgr mcorcgporo rgstrg 4> hl
- ?23+>>
PPG]D
FFCKT
QO
AG]G
DV]O@LD0=
brs
+
Mo "6412=# Kgfbd "61=00#
tdxturo lcvcoko^PG@OMGV, MDPHO]GLICFOHDK]DS GA]OLHGLICFOHDK]D
?6
KO]TPOFBPG
KGV
KTDQG
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A V?4
Frdho oktcsdolds pglctdksgr mdsgyo mo A^V ?4 4> i
- 6=3+>>
- 013+>>
Frdho oktcsdolds pglctdksgrmd sgyo kgfbd 4> i
- 6=3+>>
- 013+>>
^rgpgrfcgko arhdzo o lo pcdl+Fgk A^V ?4+
6>% ogs "64>09# "64>02#
=4% ogs "64>03# "64>6>#
1>% ogs "64>6?# "64>60#
6>% ogs "61021# "61020#^rgpgrfcgko kutrcfck y rddkdriczo lo pcdl+=4% ogs "64>66# "64>6=#Oyumo dk lo rdfgkstruffck md lo pcdl+
23$HV ACPHDZO MD LO ^CDLFGK DL TVG FGK]CKTG+
HDJGPO MD LOO^OPCDKFCO MD LO CDL+
31$
OF]CQGV 6>% =4% 1>%
pglctdksgr md sgyo:arhdzo ckhdmcoto
mdrhgilcfmdgs:hsarhdzo, hdkgs orruios
dlostckgl % r: hdkgs sdolds
OF]CQGV =4%
Csgaovgkos md sgyo:rdfgkstruffck y rddquclc`rcg
OF]CQGV 6>%
^dptmdgs mdorrgz: hdjgrok dlospdftg md lo pcdl
BCMPO]OFCK OK]CVDOLDVDsto ds lo dtopo hs chpgrtoktd mdl trotohcdktg fgshtcfg aofcol, yo qud hoktcdkd lo pcdl prgtdicmoy solumo`ld+ Koturo Fbrgkgs gardfd mcadrdktds gpfcgkds md bcmrotofck+ Dsfgid lo tuyo+
Fbrgkgs ^glctdksgr md Vgyo
^CDL FGK?'= HV MDFGLIDKG
]PC^LDACPHDZO
DADF]G]DKVGP
CKHDMCO]G
6>$ hs dfgkhcfg94$ hdkgs
chpoftg oh`cdktol
G^FCKFGK PD^TDV]G
^CDL HV LCVO STKCAGPHD+
3>$
?=
KO]TPOFBPG
KGV
rdpudstg
6
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Lo dmom kg ds dl kcfg aoftgr qud
mdtdrhcko los kdfdscmomds md tu pcdl+
B`ctgs olchdktorcgs, dstclg md vcmo, idktcfo,
dktrd gtrgs, toh`ck bofdk qud fomo
pdrsgko tdkio uko bcstgrco+ S poro fomo
bcstgrco boy uko gpfck md lo lkdo Koturo
Fbrgkgs+
^gfos sdolds, sdolds y hufbos sdolds+
Os dsfgids tu Koturo Fbrgkgs+
^gfos sdolds,sdolds g
hufbos sdolds7
Fomo rgstrg
tcdkd uko bcstgrco+
Fomo bcstgrco
tcdkd uk Fbrgkgs+
?4
KO]TPOFBPG
KGV
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KO]TPOFBPG
KGV
?1
^cdl fgk `udko oporcdkfco, scklos prchdros sdolds vcsc`ldsmd dkvdjdfchcdktg+
^PCHDPGVfucmomgs^PGMTF]GV^OPO DL MO
"0>340#"0>3=2#
^rdvcdkdmogs yprchdrossdolds+
PdkotoLukormdllc, =2
AdrkokmoKgiudcro, 66
OkmrdssoDstdvds, 04
DMTOPMGM
DLACH
]O
]DPEO
]O]DPEO
Frdhooktcsdolds 04%
A^V ?4 6> i"0>340#
- 60>+>> "0>3=2#
Frdho
oktcsdolds 6>%
A^V 6> 6> i
"6?3=2#
- 612+>>"6?3=9#
Frdho
oktcsdolds =4%
A^V 6> 6> i"6?3==#
- 612+>>"6?3=6#
BCMPO]OFCK OK]CVDOLDV
^oro qucdk qucdrd uko bcmrotofck oktcsdoldsfghpldto, fgk lo hdjgr fgh`ckofck md
oftcvgs y lo hs olto tdfkglgio poro fomodmom d cktdkscmom md sdolds+
]GMGV LGV @DKDACFCGVDK TK VGLG ^PGMTF]G 0 QDFDV HV BCMPO]OFCK
*
HV ACPHDZO
PG]DFFCK VGLOP A^V 6> S TQO*
HDKGV VDOLDV @LG_TDG MD LGV POMCFOLDV LC@PDV
@DKDACFCGV
* Vlg dk los frdhos oktcsdolds 6>%, =4% y 1>%+
^PDQDKFCK
PDKGQOFCK
PDD_TCLC@PCG
PDVTL]OMGVDK
9 mos**
Md: - =01+>>
60>>>
Md: - =3>+>>
612>>
Md: - =3>+>>
612>>
04$mdmd
sfudktg
04$mdmd
sfudktg
04$mdmdsf
udktg
rdpudstg
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KO]TPOFBPG
KGV
?9
Oporcfck md los prchdros lkdos mddxprdsck y aofcmdz ldvd md lo pcdl+
^rdvcdkdpdqudgsmogs, rdmufd
tdkscgkds ytroto sdoldsldvds+
"6?3=2#
"6?3=9#
Mcshckuydlos sdoldsy rddquclc`ro lopcdl+
"6?3==#
"6?3=6#
Oporcfck md sdolds, lkdosmd dxprdsck y aofcmdz hgmdromomd lo pcdl+
Vdolds ofdktuomos, hufbos lkdosmd dxprdsck, aofcmdz cktdkso yprmcmo md lo rdscstdkfco md lo pcdl+
^rgpgrfcgko hsrhdzo y trotolos sdolds mddkvdjdfchcdktg+
"6?3=1#
"6?3=4#
@rckmo rhdzo,mcshckuyd sdoldsy rddquclc`rolo pcdl+
"6?3=0#
"6?3=?#
@rckmo rdscstdkfco,troto sdolds mddkvdjdfchcdktg yrddquclc`ro lo pcdl+
"6?3=>#
"6?363#
]u rgstrg kg ds ciuol ol rgstrg md oliucdk qud tcdkd tu hcsho
dmom+ Fomo ukg tcdkd uko bcstgrco, uk dstclg md vcmo y b`ctgs
qud cktdrdrdk dk dl hgmg dk qud lo pcdl dkvdjdfd+
Oprdkmd o dsfgidr tu bcmrotofck oktcsdolds:
?+ Cmdktcfo tu rokig md dmom: 04, 6>, =4, 1> ogs+
0+Qdrcfo lo cktdkscmom md tus sdolds, fgkscmdrokmgdl iromg md aofcmdz y lo foktcmom md orruios dk lo pcdl+
Offdmd owww+koturofbrgkgs+fgh+hxy fgkgfd hs sg`rd lgs prgmuftgs
md lo lkdo y sus `dkdfcgs+
** Pdsultomgs g`tdkcmgs fgk `osd dk lo pdrfdpfck md hdjgro md los vgluktorcos qud utclczorgk dl prgmuftg+
^GFOVsdolds Vdolds HTFBOVsdolds
KO]TPOFBPG
KGV
KO]TPO^PGH
GFCGKDV
04$md mdsfudktg
dk frdhos rdiulordsoktcsdolds
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KO]TPOFBPG
KGV Oqu, pudmds dsfgidr pgr lo dmom d cktdkscmom md sdolds+
Boy uko frdho ckmcfomo poro fomo dtopo md tu vcmo+
@rckmo arhdzo,grtoldfd lo `orrdro mdprgtdffck md lo pcdl y
troto or ruios+
"60>>0# "60>>?#
Pdstourofck yrddquclc`rcgmd lo pcdl hcdktrosmudrhds+
@dttyHgktdcrg, 10
]O]DPEO
BCMPO]OFCK OK]CVDOLDV]GMGV LGV @DKDACFCGV
DK TK VGLG ^PGMTF]G
0 QDFDV HV BCMPO]OFCK*
HV ACPHDZO
^PG]DFFCK VGLOP A^V 6> S TQO*
HDKGV VDOLDV
@LG_TDG MD LGV
POMCFOLDV LC@PDV
@DKDACFCGV
* Vlg dk los frdhos oktcsdolds 6>%, =4%, 1>% y 9>%+
** Pdsultomgs g`tdkcmgs fgk `osd dk lo pdrfdpfck md hdjgro md los vgluktorcos qudutclczorgk dl prgmuftg+
KGFBDPDV]OTPOFCK
Oporcfck md sdolds,lkdos md dxprdsck y aofcmdzhgmdromo md lo pcdl+
Vdolds
ATDPZO
PDVTL]OMGVDK
9 mos**
^OPO]GMOV LOVdmomds
rdpudstg
04$md mdsfudktg
dk frdhos rdiulordsoktcsdolds mo y kgfbd
Frdho oktcsdolds
1>% A^V 6> 6> i
"60>>0# pts
- 612+>> "60>>?# pts
Md: - =3>+>>
612>>
04$mdmd
sfudktg
Frdho
oktcsdolds
kgfturko 6> i
"0>366#
-612+>> "0>361#
Md: - =3>+>>
612>>
04$mdmd
sfudktg
?2
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KO]TPOFBPG
KGV
Fbrgkgs pgfossdolds =4% A^V 6> %Fbrgkgs rdiuloroktcsdolds kgfbd"=>0=3#
Fbrgkgs pgfos sdolds6>% A^V 6> % Fbrgkgsrdiulor oktcsdolds kgfbd"=>0=9#
Fbrgkgs sdolds =4%A^V 6> % Fbrgkgs
rdiulor oktcsdoldskgfbd =>04>#
Fbrgkgs sdoldsrdiulor 6>% % Fbrgkgs
rdiulor oktcsdoldskgfbd "=>0=2#
Fbrgkgs hufbossdolds =4% A^V 6> %Fbrgkgs rdiuloroktcsdolds kgfbd"=>04?#
KO]TPOFBPG
KGV
KO]TPO^PGH
GFCGKDV
Ect Fbrgkgs 04% sdolds %Kgfbd
Fbrgkgs oktcsdolds rdiulor 04%
prchdrgs fucmomgs 6> i % Fbrgkgs
rdiulor oktcsdolds kgfbd 6> i"=>0=1#
Md: - 3?1+>>
=42>>
Md: - 32>+>>
=3>>>Ects Fbrgkgs
Fbrgkgs sdolds 1>%A^V 6> % Fbrgkgs
rdiulor oktcsdolds kgfbd"=>040#
4>$MD MDVFTDK]Gdk lgs ects md frdhos
mo y kgfbd
%
4>$
mdmdsfudktg
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KO]TP
ODEGV
HO]DQDPMD
Mgkmd lgs vcdktgs rgs y udrtds sgplok,lgs or`ustgs md hotd vdrmd frdfdk dko`ukmokfco+ Fgk uk fudrpg md kgtos mdhomdro y h`or, lo cktdkscmom y dkdrio mdlhotd vdrmd sd hokcadstok dk uko roiokfcomd orgho rdsfg y horfoktd, pgkcdkmg olbgh`rd dk scktgko fgk su koturoldzo+
Fglgkco hotd vdrmdDou md tgcldttd ?>> hl*
- 62>+>> "6=1=9#bdr`ol | rdardsfoktd | hotd vdrmd
AroiokfcoHOVFTLCKO
LO FGKDRCK DK]PD BGH@PD S KO]TPOLDZO
]gmgs agrhohgs portd md uko irok rdm vctol md rdlofcgkds d cktdrmdpdkmdkfco+Ckspcrkmgkgs dk lo so`cmuro pgpulor, troksagrhohgs los tromcfcgkds dk fgshtcfgsqud mdspcdrtok lgs sdktcmgs y kgs fgkdftok kudvohdktd fgk kudstrgs gridkds+ Fgkdsg qudrdhgs proftcfor y mcaukmcr lgs prckfcpcgs mdl mdsorrgllg sustdkto`ld fghg
audrzo troksagrhomgro, fdld`rokmg md dsto hokdro lo mcvdrscmom md lo vcmo+Koturo Degs, vcvd tu koturoldzo+
FgkgFd lo
pu`lcFcmom md dEgV
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0?
4>$md mdsfudktg
Ect Degs ^ulpo mdhokgs y pcds
Ect fostokbo pulpo porohokgs y pcds 94 i
"=>046#
Md: - 03>+>>
?=4
Lo fostoo bo olchdktomg y kutrcmg o lgs pud`lgs md lo sdlvopgr idkdrofcgkds+ Ckspcromo dk dsto tromcfck, lo lkdo mdKoturo Degs trod arhulos qud gardfdk lo kutrcfck y lo
audrzo md lo fostoo o tu pcdl+
Dl r`gl md lo fostoo ds dl rdy md lo sdlvoohozkcfo+ Md su arutg sd dxtrod uko ldfbd`lokfo y kutrctcvo, qud ds uko md los prckfcpoldsaudktds md olchdktofck md lgs pud`lgs md lordick+ Md`cmg o los prgpcdmomds bcmrotoktdsmdl oftcvg, lgs prgmuftgs gardfdk kutrcfck dbcmrotofck o lo pcdl+
FOV]OO
0?
KO]TPODEGV
KO]TPO^PGHGFCGK
DV
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KO]TPODEGV
Ldfbd fgkfdktromordporomgro mdpuktos ?>> hl
- ?64+>> "6=0=9#
Koturo Degs oprdkmc mdl fgkgfchcdktg
tromcfcgkol md lo fostoo dk lo fghukcmom
mdl Crotopuru+
Vbohpgg 6>> hl
- ??4+>> "6=0=?#- 30+>> "6=0=0#
00
FO@DLLG VDFG
G _TD@POMCZG
Dl r`gl md lo fostoo ds dl rdy md lo sdlvoohozkcfo+ Md su arutg sd dxtrod uko ldfbd`lokfo y kutrctcvo, qud ds uko md los prckfcpoldsaudktds md olchdktofck md lgs pud`lgs md lordick+ Md`cmg o los prgpcdmomds bcmrotoktdsmdl oftcvg, lgs prgmuftgs gardfdk kutrcfck dbcmrotofck o lo pcdl+
FOV]OO
KO]TPODEGV
Ofgkmcfcgkomgr 6>> hl
- ??4+>>"6=0=6#- 30+>> "6=0==#
Hsforo bcmrotoktd 0>> i
- 0?>+>> "6=161 #
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KO]TPODEGV
06
^oro fgkgfdr hs sg`rd lgs kudvgsprgmuftgs koturo Degs ckirdso o:www+koturodegs+fgh
PDFT^DPO LODLOV]CFCMOMS AGP]OLDFDLO @OPPDPO^PG]DF]GPOMD LO ^CDL
BCMPO]OFCK
S KT]PCFCKBOV]O ^GP6> BGPOV
VDKVOFCKMD LDFBD
DK LO ^CDL
^ulpo bcmrotoktdporo hokgs 94 i
- ?=4+>>"6=0=1#
^ulpo md lchpcdzodxaglcoktd poro pcds 1> i
- ?63+>> "6=0=4#
^ulpo bcmrotoktdporo pcds 94 i
- ?=4+>> "6=619#
DV^THOFPDHGVO
KT]PCFCK SAGP]OLDFCHCDK]GMD LOV TOV
^CDL HVVTOQD
P^CMOO@VGPFCK
Jo`k dk `orro
purg vdidtol6 ukcmomds frdhgsosmd ?>> i fomo ukodhpofomosckmcvcmuolhdktd+
- ?43+>> "61120#
Jo`k frdhgsgporo dl fudrpg 04> hl
- ?=>+>>"6=04>#
- ??0+>>"6=04?#
KO]TPODEGV
@og md ldfbdbcmrotoktd 0>> hl
- 004+>> "64?24#
^ulpo bcmrotoktdporo dl fudrpg =>> hl
- 0=4+>> "6=614#- ?31+>>"6=611#
Ardsfgrmd fostoo?4> hlmulfd | rdardsfoktd |fostoo- 03>+>> "6=1=0#
rdpudstg
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Ardsfgr ?4> hl
- 03>+>> "6=1=2#arutol | aosfckoktd | oo
Ofdctd trcascfgfgrpgrol0>> hl
- 063+>>"6=499#
^ulpo bcmrotoktdporo hokgs 94 i
- ?=4+>>"6=42=#
Fghg tgmgs lgs arutgs md lo koturoldzo,dstgs prgmuftgs dstk mcspgkc`lds slguko tdhpgromo ol og+^rud`o los tdxturos, aroiokfcos y fglgrdskcfgs qud lo fgsdfbo md dstd og kgsgardfd+
OO
KO]TPODEGV
04
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Vbohpgg6>> hl- ??4+>>"6=14?#
- 30+>>"6=140#
Ofgkmcfcgkomgr
6>> hl
- ??4+>> "6=146#- 30+>>"6=14=#
Frdho poropdckor?4> hl- ?64+>>"64?2=#
Jo`k dk `orropurg vdidtol
6 ukcmomdsfrdhgsos md ?>> ifomo uko dhpofomo
ckmcvcmuolhdktd+- ?43+>>"6112>#
rdpudstg
FO@DLLG MOOMGS _THCFOHDK]D]PO]OMG
Kotcvo md lo Vdlvo Ohozkcfo5 md sussdhcllos sd bofd uk ofdctd qud furotgmgs lgs holds+ ^gr sus ckkuhdro`ldsusgs, dstd arutg ds uk irok ohcigmd lgs bo`ctoktds md lo sdlvo+
OKMCPG@O
^ulpo bcmrotoktdporo dl fudrpg =>> hlBcmrotofck pgrbosto 0= bgros+- 0=4+>>"6=41=#
- ?31+>>"6=411#
01
KO]TPODEGV
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^ulpo md
hosojdfgrpgrol?>> i
- 09>+>>"6=414#
Ofdctd md hosojdOkmcrg`o ?>> hl- ?12+>> "6=492#]dxturo lcidro+ Cmdolporo lo rdlojofck mdlfudrpg+
Ofdctd trcascfg 0>> hl- 063+>> "6=413#
- ?3?+>>"6=49>#Mdjo lo pcdl pdruhomoy sdmgso+ Fgk ofdctdsvdidtolds y dkvosd md ^D]+
Koturo DEGV oprdkmc mdl fgkgfchcdktgtromcfcgkol md lo okmcrg`o dk los fghukcmomdsmdl Hdmcg Juru
09
KO]TPODEGV
Oiuo md `og61> hl *
- 693+>>
@rdu `rokfg"6=20#
mulfd | horfoktd |`rdu rokfg
^rcprcgfo"6=2?#
agrol | sdksuol | prcprcgfo
@OGV MD OPGHOMcsruto md uk `og pdruhomg, qud o`rozo tufudrpg fgk orghos rdsfgs y ohomdromgs+Vcdktd dk lo pcdl roiokfcos frdomos o portcr mdlgs ofdctds dsdkfcolds utclczomgs dk lgstromcfcgkolds ogs orghtcfgs md @roscl+
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02
Vbohpgg 6>> hl
- ??4+>> "6=424#- 30+>> "6=421#
Kftorfgkfdktromgoktcarczz ( ?>> hl- ?64+>> "6=169#
Kftor bcmrotoktdporo los hokgs 94 i
- ?=4+>>"6=410#Bcmroto los hokgs fgk tdxturo lcidroy rdardsfoktd+ Md rpcmo o`sgrfck+
^ulpo bcmrotoktdporo pcdrkos
y pcds ?>> i- ?43+>> "6=416#Bcmroto los rdos hsrdsdfos+ Aroiokfco ardsfo+
rdpudstg
FO@DLLG PD@DLMD
S FGK APCZZ
]romcfcgkolhdktd fgkgfcmg pgr suvolgr olchdktcfcg y pgr sus prgpcdmomdsfolhoktds, dstd arutg md irok mcvdrscmomds uk tdsgrg md utclcmomds+ Dl ofdctd mdhorofuy fgktcdkd fcmgs irosgs fgkoffck dhglcdktd qud mdjok lo pcdl suovd+
HOPOFTS
KO]TPODEGV
Kftor bcmrotoktdporo dl fudrpg=>> hl
- 0=4+>>"6=41>#
- ?31+>>"6=41?#
Ofgkmcfcgkomgr 6>> hl
- ??4+>> "6=429#- 30+>>"6=422#
02
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03
Jo`k dk orropurg vdidtol6 ukcmomdsmd ?>> i fomo uko
"61192#
Ofdctd trcascfg 0>> hl- 063+>> "6=49?#
- ?3?+>>"6=490#
Jo`k lqucmgporo dl fudrpg 04> hl
- ?=>+>> "6=1?>#
- ??0+>> "6=1??#Cmdol poro uk og rdardsfoktd+
Jo`k lqucmg porohokgs 04> hl
- ?1>+>> "6=1>1#
- ?02+>> "6=1>9#Vuovcmom, ardsfuro
y uko aroiokfcomuromdro+
KO]TPODEGV
KO]TPO^PGHGFCGK
DV
Jo`k lqucmgdxaglcoktd
poro dl fudrpg 0>> hl
- ?14+>> "6=1?1#Dxaglco suovdhdktd
lo pcdl rdtcrokmg chpurdzosy flulos hudrtos+
O^PGQDFBO/Jo`gkds dk orro o
prdfcg dspdfcol
Ardsfgr ?4> hlarutol | suovd | horofuy
- 03>+>> "6=1=6#
Md: - ?43+>>
?>303
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6>
Lo pctokio ds uk rutg rdfgkgfcmg tromcfcgkolhdktdfghg sh`glg mdl flcho trgpcfol `roscldg+ Vus rutgskofdk dk o`ukmokfco y idkdrolhdktd sgk rgjgsy okorokjomgs+ Irofcos o sus kuhdrgsgs fokoldsprgmuftgrds md ofdctds orghtcfgs, sus bgjos dxbolokuk pdruhd suovd, oiromo`ld y rdrdsfoktd+
^C]OKIO
KO]TPODEGV
Jo`k dk `orropurg vdidtol pctokio6 ukcmomds frdhgsos
md ?>> i fomo uko+
"61193#
Ardsfgrpctokio ?4> hl*
- 03>+>>"6=1=4#rutol | vc`roktd |bgjos md pctokio
Ofdctd trcascfg pctokio 0>> hl
- 063+>> "6=496#
- 063+>> "6=49=#
Ofdctd trcascfgpctokioprdto 0>> hl
- 063+>> "6=449#- ?3?+>> "6=442#
Ardsfgr pctokio prdto ?4> hl*agrol | rdrdsfoktd | bgjos md pctokio- 03>+>>"6=1=1#
Md: - ?43+>>
?>3
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Dl fofog ds uk arutg grcickorcg md lofudkfo mdl rg Ohozgkos, pdrg aud dk@obo @roscl dk mgkmd sd dkfgktr suhs audrtd dxprdsck y volgr fulturol+ Vussdhcllos iuormok uko hoktdfo prdfcgso,fgk prgpcdmomds bcmrotoktds qudld gardfdk prgtdffck cktdkso o lo pcdl+
FOFOG
KO]TPODEGV
^ulpo frdhgsofgrpgrol
bcmrotoktd 0>> i
- 043+>> "6=419#Bosto 61 bgros md
ultro bcmrotofck+]dxturo md hoktdfo,
mdkso y frdhgso+
Ardsfgr ?4> hl*
- 03>+>> "6=1==#mulfd | mdlcfomg | fofog
^ulpo bcmrotoktdporo pcdrkos y pcds ?>> i
- ?43+>> "6=412#^ulpo bcmrotoktd
poro los hokgs 94 i
- ?=4+>> "6=493#Bcmroto, prgtdid
y pdrauho los hokgs+
rdpudstg
Lo lkdo Degs Fofogmdjo lo pcdl y dl fo`dllgcktdksohdktd bcmrotomgsfgk uko mdlcfcgso aroiokfcodkvglvdktd y rdfgkagrtoktd+
60
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Mdl fofog sd dxtrod uko hoktdfo huy
bcmrotoktd+ Lgs prgmuftgs md lo lkdo trotok
dl fo`dllg huy rdsdfg,bcmrotkmglg y
hoktdkcdkmg dl vgluhdk `ojg fgktrgl+
KO]TPODEGV
FO@DLLG HTS VDFG
S QGLTHCKGVG
Frdho poropdckor?4> hl
- ?64+>>"6=162#
Frdho kgfturkoporo dl fo`dllg ?4> hl
- ?14+>>"6=163#
Hsforo
bcmrotoktd 0>> i
- 0?>+>> "6=164#
Vbohpgg 6>> hl- ??4+>>"6=43=#
- 30+>>"6=434#
Ofgkmcfcgkomgr6>> hl
- ??4+>> "6=431#- 30+>> "6=439#
66
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rdpudstg
arutos rgjospcdl sdfo
"?102=# "043??#Kutrd tu pcdlmd agrho cktdkscvo+Aroiokfcordardsfoktd+
oligmk pcdl sdfo
"00364# "043?>#Aroiokfco suovdy fgkagrto`ld+hgro y olhdkmros
"6644># "664=2#Bcmrotofck bosto pgr 0= bgros+Fgk uk tgqud cluhckomgr+
Fgk tgqudcluhckomgr
TK MO VCDH^PD DV^DFCOL
Lgs pdqudgs fucmomgs mcorcgs sgk uko dxpdrcdkfco md `cdkdstor+ Fomo hghdktgds kcfg+ Fomo sdksofck ds dspdfcol+ Koturo ]gmgmco ds uko lkdo md fucmomgsporo dl fudrpg qud fgkvcvd fgktcig mcorcohdktd+ Pdmdsfu`rd lgs pdqudgs plofdrdsdk fomo hghdktg md tu mo, tgmgs lgs mos+
Koturo ]gmgmco+ Mdsfu`rd dl plofdr md lo rutcko+
K
O]TPO]GMGMCO
hcdl y fdrdolds pcdl dxtro sdfo
"?102>#"043?0#
Kutrd lo pcdl md hokdro rdporomgro+Aroiokfco fgkagrto`ld+
grqumdo pcdl dxtro sdfo
"6?=>0#"6?=04#
Aroiokfco rdardsfoktd, kutrd yrdporo lo pcdl dxtro sdfo+
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BCMPO]OK]DV MD @OG SJO@GKDV DK @OPPO
Bcmrotoktdmd `og fgkdkjuoiud 6>> hl- ?=3+>>
]us roiokfcos prddrcmosporo usor dk dl og+
oligmkpcdl sdfo
"0243>#Aroiokfco
fgkgrto`ld+
hgro y olhdkmros"66914#Bcmrotofck ckhdmcotod cktdkso qud dvcto lordsdqudmom md lo pcdl+
arutos rgjospcdl sdfo"031?9#Aroiokfcordrdsfoktd+
hofomohcopcdl sdfoAroiokfco fgkgrto`ld+"031?3#
69
Lgs Bcmrotoktds md @og md Koturo
]gmgmco tcdkdk uko tdxturo aucmo, fgk
olto fgkfdktrofck md ofdctds vdidtolds+
Agrhok uko pdlfulo prgtdftgro qud
hoktcdkd lo bcmrotofck md lo pcdl,
mdjkmglo suovd y pdruhomo+
KO]TPO]GMGMCO
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KO]TPO]GMGMCO
62
JO@GKDV DK @OPPO
]us aroiokfcos prdadrcmos poro usor dk dl `og+
Fgk ofdctd ?>>$
vdidtol qud mdjo
lo pcdl suovd+
Jo`k dk orro purgvdidtolFojo fgk 4 ukcmomds
md 3> i fomo uko+
- ?62+>>
Jo`k dk `orro grqumdodxaglcoktd purg vdidtolFojo fgk 0 ukcmomds md 3> i fomo uko+
- 93+>>"6?=0=#
arutos rgjos"?16>0#Aroiokfco rdardsfoktd+
lchk
"?16>1#Aroiokfcordardsfoktd+
oligmk "00369#
Aroiokfco suovd
y fgkagrto`ld+
hofomohco
"?16>6#Aroiokfco
fgkagrto`ld+
hgro y olhdkmros
"664=3#
Vctcg Yd` Koturo ]gmgmco+Fgksulto tgmo lo ckagrhofck md ]gmgmco y dktrotd prchdrg
md sus lokzohcdktgs y prghgfcgkds+
Ckirdso owww+koturotgmgmco+fgh+hx y fgkgfd hs+
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Lgs jo`gkds Koturo Drvo Mgfd tcdkdk ckirdmcdktds
suovds qud lchpcok y prgtdidk lo pcdl, hoktdkcdkmg
su dquclc`rcg koturol, mdjkmglo fgk uk tgqud suovd
y pdrauhomg+
Oyumok o rdfupdror
lo fopo md prgtdffckmd lo pcdl uk 94$
hs rpcmg+
JO@GKDV
SG VGS^LV]CFGQDPMD
KO
]TPODPQO
MGFD HV VTOQCMOM, FTCMOMG S ^PG]DFFCK ^OPO ]T CDL
Arhulos suovds poro qud vcvos uko oiromo`ld sdksofck md `cdkdstor y fgkagrtdk dl mo o mo+ ]dxturos oiromo`lds y pB koturol poro fucmor md lo pcdl, fgk lo aroiokfcockfgkaukmc`ld md Koturo Drvo Mgfd+ ^oro mdspdrtor lgs sdktcmgsy rdvctolczor tus dkdrios+
Jo`k frdhgsgporo los hokgs 04> hl
- ?43+>> "01==?#
- ?09+>>"02?94#
Lchpco lo pcdl y mdjo ukomdlcfomo fopo prgtdftgro+
Jo`k purg vdidtol frdhgsg dk `orroFojo fgk 6 jo`gkds md 3> i fomo ukg+
- ?=1+>> "0162=#
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Drceo, 02, y su bcjgAdlcpd 6 hdsds
Hghdktg pgst(`og
Hghdktg md `cdkdstor, folho y rdlojofckdk dl qud lo hoh bcmroto y prgtdid ol `d`,trokshctckmgld tgmg su ohgr+
]olfg dk frdho
prgtdftgr 14 i
- ?>3+>>"6>=44#Dvcto lo crrctofck dk lgs plcdiudsmd lo pcdl+ rdvcdkd lo crrctofckmd lo pcdl mdl `d`+
Lgfck bcmrotoktd
prgtdftgro 0>> hl
- ?41+>>"6>=4=#
=0
KO]TPOHO
HS@D@
Vbohpgg suovd 0>> hl
- ?>3+>>"1=64#
- 23+>>"1194#
Lchpco sck crrctor dl fudrg fo`dllumg+
Jo`k vdidtol
0 ukcmomds md ?>> i fomo uko
- ?>3+>>"331?#Lchpco y suovczo lo pcdl mdl d`+Dhpoqud fgk 0 ukcmomds+
Ofgkmcfcgkomgr suovd?4> hl
- ?>3+>>"6>=43#- 23+>>"6>=42#
Oyumo o mdsdkrdmordl fo`dllg+ Mo `rcllg y suovcmom+
KO
]TPOHOHS@D@ QKFTLG HOH S @D@
O portcr md lo idstofck ds qud dl vkfulg dktrd homrd d bcjg fghcdkzo o frdorsdy sd agrtoldfd fgk dl tcdhpg5 l sd scdktd prgtdicmg pgr lo hcromo, pgr lo vgz,pgr dl orgho y pgr los forcfcos md lo homrd5 dk lgs hghdktgs mdl hosojd, lchpcdzoposdg y `og, dl `d` frdfd solumo`ld y adlcz+ Fuoktg hoygr ds dl vkfulgdktrd dllgs, hdjgr sdr lo rdlofck mdl kcg fgkscig hcshg, fgk sus aohclcords y fgk
lgs gtrgs muroktd lo vcmo+ Koturo Hoh y @d`+ Dl Ohgr Aukmohdktol+
Jo`k lqucmg ilcfdrckomg
md lo fo`dzo o lgs pcds 0>> hl- ?=>+>>"6>=49#Arhulo suovd, kg oirdmdlo pcdl mdl `d`+
rdpuds
tg
Hghdktg `og
Dl `og ds uk hghdktg md plofdr y md cktdrfoh`cg+Dk dstd fghportcr, lo hoh y dl `d` sd fghukcfok fgk dlldkiuojd mdl oadftg, dktdkmckmgsd y fgkgfckmgsd hdjgr+
]bcoig, 1 hdsds ysu hoh Alvco, 03
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lgfcgkds FGP^GPOLDV
^rftcfo topo
oktcordko+
Qokdsso Rovcdr, 64 ogs
LGFCGKDV^PG]DF]GPOVA^V6> S A^V1>Pdscstdkfco ol oiuoy sumgr bosto pgr6 bgros+Bcmrotofckprglgkiomo bostopgr ?0 bgros+
LO PDLOFCK D_TCLC@POMO S VOLTMO@LD FGK DL VGL
Tko lkdo fghpldto qud gardfd prgtdffck fgktro lgs roygs TQO y TQ@, fgh`otd lgsromcfolds lc`rds y dl agtgdkvdjdfchcdktg+ Vck aroiokfco, sus prgmuftgs fgktcdkdk arhulosmd tdxturo lcidro, kg irosgso y md rpcmo o`sgrfck, qud ioroktczok prgtdffck ckhdmcoto+Omdhs, bcmrotok y prgtdidk lo pcdl poro troksagrhor lo dxpgscfck ol sgl dk uk hghdktg
md plofdr y mcvdrsck+ Koturo Agtgdqucl`rcg, slg lg hdjgr mdl sgl+
KO]TPO
AG]GD_TCL@PCG
Lgfck prgtdftgro ?0> hl
- ?9>+>> "039?3#
1>Lgfck prgtdftgro ?0> hl
- 06>+>> "039?9#
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prgtdftgrds AOFCOLDV
LGFCK ^PG]DF]GPO AOFCOLA^V 6> S A^V 1>Pdscstdkfco ol oiuo y sumgr bosto pgr 6 bgros+Bcmrotofck prglgkiomo bosto pgr ?0 bgros+
Dlostckgl% P: tdfkglgio dxfluscvomd Koturo qud oyumo o rdporor lgsmogs fousomgs dk lo pcdl md`cmg olo dxpgscfck sglor+
Qokdsso Rovcdr, 64
Pdfghdkmomg poro pdrsgkos qud ofgstuh`rokdxpgkdrsd ol sgl y fosc scdhprd sd dkrgjdfdk+
Pdfghdkmomg poro pdrsgkos qud ofgstuh`rokdxpgkdrsd ol sgl y o vdfds sd dkrgjdfdk+
Pdfghdkmomg poro pdrsgkos qud fosc kukfosd dxpgkdk ol sgl y scdhprd sd dkrgjdfdk+
FHG DLDICP DL ^PG]DF]GP VGLOP HV OMDFTOMG
Los romcofcgkds TQ@ y TQO sgk rdspgkso`ldsmdl dkvdjdfchcdktg y ouhdktok dl rcdsig md
fgktrodr fkfdr dk lo pcdl+ ^gr dsg lochpgrtokfco md usor prgtdftgrds sglords qudtcdkdk lo fopofcmom md o`sgr`dr lgs roygsTQO y TQ@+ stgs sd hcmdk sdik su A^V+
Vo`os qud+++7
KO]
TPOAG]GD_TCL@PCG
^rgtdftgr lo`colbcmrotoktd ultro 4 i- ?>>+>> "0439=#
^rdvcdkd lo rdsdqudmommd lgs lo`cgs+ Pdscstdol oiuo yol sumgrbosto pgr6 bgros+
Lgfck prgtdftgro aofcol 4> hl- ?2>+>> "04320#
Lgfck prgtdftgro aofcol 4> hl- 0?>+>> "0432?#
=2
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Fohclo Hckuzzc,01 ogs+
]T FO@DLLG DV KCFG FGHG ]Koturo ^lokt td grdfd trotohcdktgs qud ofghpook tgmgs tus mdsdgs md foh`cgy lgs md tu fo`dllg toh`ck+ Fgh`ckokmg tdfkglgio fgk oftcvgs koturolds md oltgmdsdhpdg, `rckmo rdsultomgs vcsc`lds mdsmd lo prchdro oplcfofck+Koturo ^lokt+ ] foh`cos, kgsgtrgs td fucmohgs+
4>
KO]TPO
^LOK]
Vbohpgg6>> hl
- 93+>>"64616#LOKZOHCDK]G/- 12+>>
"6461=#
^OPO FO@DLLG MOOMG ^GP ^PGFDVGV _THCFGVTkcgrho los futfulos, rdporokmg lo a`ro fopclor moomo pgr prgfdsgs quhcfgsfghg fglgrofcgkds, pdrhokdktds y olcsomgs+ Vu rhulo dkrcqudfcmo fgk ofdctd mdKudz ^dfok rdfgkstruyd los bd`ros moomos, mdjokmg ol fo`dllg bcmrotomg y `rclloktd+
?>>$FO@DLLGPD^OPOMG*
PDQC]OLCZOFCK ^GV(_THCFO
Ofgkmcfcgkomgr6>> hl
- 93+>>"64614#LOKZOHCDK]G/
- 12+>> "64611#
LOKZOHCDK]G/
* Dstumcg fuoktctotcvg fghporomg sck oidktds fgkmcfcgkoktds+Ckvdstciofck rdolczomo fgk ?0> vgluktorcos+
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KO]TPO^LOK]
Hsforordstouromgro 04> i
- ?=>+>>"64619#LOKZOHCDK]G/- ?0>+>> "64612#
Frdho mo ykgfbd ?4> hl
- ?66+>>"64613#Oyumo o pdckor dlfo`dllg muroktd dl
mo y lg prgtdid,kutrckmglg muroktd
lo kgfbd+
Alucmg rdvctolczomgr mdpuktos 6> hl
- 32+>>"6469?#Pdmufd dl arczz bosto
pgr 0= bgros y rdvctolczolos puktos dvctokmg
qud stos sd o`rok+
^OPO FO@DLLG KGPHOL O IPOVGHoktcdkd dl fo`dllg hokdjo`ld, rclloktd y solumo`ld5dquclc`ro los rofds irosgsos y los puktos sdfos+
LOKZOHCDK]G/
@PCLLG S VTOQCMOM
Ofgkmcfcgkomgr ( 6>> hl
- 93+>> "?299>#- 12+>> "?299?#
Vbohpgg 6>> hl
- 93+>>"?2912#- 12+>> "?2913#
3>$HV @PCLLG,VTOQCMOM SVDMGVCMOM+*
Frdho bcmrotoktdldvd sck dkjuoiud
?9> hl
- ?66+>> "?2990#
rdpudstg
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KO]TPO^LOK]
4=
FBG_TD PDIDKDPO]CQG
^OPO FO@DLLG HTS MOOMG]rotohcdktg rdidkdrotcvg cktdkscvg qud rdsto`ldfd lo solum y lo `dlldzomd los bd`ros dk bosto mgs sdhokos, mdvglvckmglds hgvchcdktg yvctolcmom+ udmd usorsd oltdrkomohdktd fgk gtros lkdos Koturo lokt+
3=$PDIDKDPOFCK MDLFO@DLLG BOV]O DKMGV VDHOKOV *
Ect fbgqud rdidkdrotcvg:? hsforordidkdromgro ?>> i% ? sruh
rdidkdromgr 4> hl- 04>+>> "00639#
VbohpggOfgkmcfcgkomgr
6>> hl
- 34+>>"0?6>?#
Frdhoprglgkiomgro9> hl
- ?66+>>"0?6>0#
OPO ]GMG ]C^G MD FO@DLLGOffck oktcrrdscmugs: lovo o prgaukmcmom y mdjo uko oiromo`ldsdksofck md lchpcdzo y ardsfuro+ udmd utclczorsd fgk fuolqucdr
ofgkmcfcgkomgr md Koturo ^lokt+
LCH^CDZO ^PGATKMO
2?$HV PDVCMTGVPDHGQCMGV*
Vbohpgg 6>> hl
- 93+>>"?22>6#
- 12+>> "?22>4#
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KO]TPO^LOK]
44
^OPO FO@DLLG VDFG G PDVDFG
Bcmrotofck md lorio murofck fgk Vcstdho md @lckmojd Cktdlcidktd, qud grtoldfd dl cktdrcgr md lo a`ro fopclor
y prghudvd dl sdllomg md su futfulo, prgtdicdkmg dl fo`dllg md los oirdscgkds dxtdrkos+
BCMPO]OFCK PD^OPOMGPO
* ^rud`o fuoktctotcvo dk fghporofck fgk dl sbohpgg sck usg md ofgkmcfcgkomgr+
32$FO@DLLG HVBCMPO]OMG*
Frdhokgfturko ?4> hl- ?66+>>"02412#
Frdho poro
pdckor ?9> hl- ?66+>>"02413#
Ofgkmcfcgkomgr 6>> hl- 93+>> "0246>#
- 12+>> "02403#
Hsforo cktdkscvo 04> i- ?=>+>> "02419#
- ?0>+>> "02411#L]CHG FCFLGMD QDK]OV/
Vbohpgg 6>> hl- 93+>> "02460#- 12+>> "0246?#
Vdllomgr mdpuktos 04 hl
- 32+>> "60410#
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^OPO MDV^DP]OP DHGFCGKDV
Lgs pdruhds prgvgfok sdksofcgkds y rdvcvdk sdktchcdktgs+ Vgk dl ortd md prgmufcrdsthulgs qud kgs lldvok o lg qud rdolhdktd sghgs y kgs rdfgkdftok fgk kudstrodsdkfco+ Koturo frdo horfos fgk fgkfdptgs qud idkdrok cmdktcafofck y kgs oyumoko dxprdsor dhgfcgkds prgukmos+ Komo sd fghporo fgk dl dstclg Koturo
md frdor pdrauhds+
KO
]TPO^DPAT
HDPO
Jo`gkds dk `orro
rdardsfoktds
0 ukcmomds md ?>>i
fomo ukg- ?=6+>>"00=60#
Mdsgmgroktd
fglgkco adhdkcko
94hl
- =43+>>"6=960#homdro | sdksuol | pchcdkto
Ofdctd poro hosojds
?>> hl- 0>3+>>"00=03#
Mdsgmgroktd fglgkco
hosfulckg ( 94hl- =43+>>"6=96?#bcdr`os | sdksuol | fdmrg
FgkgFd lo
pu`lcFcmom md oh
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Mdsgmgroktdoktctrokspcroktdrgll(gk 94 hl
- 23+>>
@cgiroao dhdkckg
"?3066#
Adhdkcko
Qgluhdk 0"?29=2#
agrol | mdlcfomg |rgso
HosfulckoQgluhdk 0"??>41#bdr`ol | fgkgrto`ld | skmolg
Adhdkcko"??1?6#
agrol | rdrdsfoktd |idrokcg
KO]TPO @CGIPOACO
Fglgkco ?>> hl*
- 6=3+>>
KO]TPO^DPATHDPO
1>
Hosfulcko
ohomdromg | ldvd | fdmrg"??1?=#
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Husf Vkmolg"?4==6#mulfd | fgkgrto`ld |skmolg
Pgsos Qdrhdlbos"0>0??#
agrol | rdrdsfoktd | rgso
Jo`utcfo`o"?332>#
rutol | rdrdsfoktd | jo`utcfo`o
Fohpg md Qcgldtos"?4=64#
agrol | otroftcvg |jozhk
Aglbos md ^chdkto"?2026#homdro | rdrdsfoktd |pchdkto
KO]TPO^DPATHDPO
10
KO]TPO ITOV
Fglgkco adhdkcko ?4> hl*- 0>3+>> ** Lo vlvulo sd vdkmd pgr sdporomg
y pudmd sdr usomo fgk tgmos losvdrscgkds md Koturo iuos+
Qlvulo ?4> hl**- =2+>>"?4===#
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Fdmrg Pgso"6?40>#
homdro | dkvglvdktd | fdmrg
tolos md Qokclo"6?40?#
mulfd | rdardsfoktd |vockcllo
Ercseo Jdoks
"?6?06#
mulfd | ckagrhol | jozhk
Ercseo @rcllg
"66?09#mulfd | chpoftoktd | vockcllo
EPCVEO
Fglgkco adhdkcko ?>> hl*
- 6>3+>>
16
KO]TPO^DPATHDPO
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]bcoig ^dradttc, 01
Aroiokfcos poro qud dl bgh`rdpudmo sdktcr, vcvcr y mdjor su horfoo lg lorig md su jgrkomo+Koturo Bghdh,dstor `cdk o fomo posg+
KO]TPO BGHDH
^DPATHDPO
KO]TPO
FTCMOMGV
^OPODLBGH@PD
]DR]TPO TL]POLCIDPO,VDFOMG P^CMG D
BCMPO]OFCK OPO
LO ^CDL
DMCFCKLCHC]OMO/
Jo`k dk orro6 ukcmomds md ?>> ifomo ukoDMCFCK LCHC]OMO/- ?=>+>> "6?0=0#
Fglgkco KoturoBghdh gk ?>> hl*- 4>3+>> "6>12>#mulfddkvglvdktdh`or
Frdho md oadctorrdardsfoktd 94 i- ?06+>>"6?0=1#
Oquoidl poromdspus mdoadctorsd 4> i- ?63+>>"6?0=4#
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^oro fucmor mdl bgh`rdhcdktros l fucmo mdsu vcmo+ Lo lkdo trodprgmuftgs qud gardfdk
uko sdksofck mdrdkgvofck pgr hdmcgmd ckirdmcdktds koturoldsy olto tdfkglgio+
PGV]PG S FTDP^G
DADF]G ]DKVGPCKHDMCO]G:OLCQCO DLOV^DF]G
FOKVOMG MDLPGV]PG
^PG]DFFCKBOV]O ^GP
0= BGPOV
96
Fglgkco KoturoBghdh uruh ?>> hl*- 4>3+>> "6?42=#ohomdromghcstdrcgsgvdtcvdr
Bcmrotur`grdforio rpcmoporo dlrgstrg 4> i- ?23+>>"6?0=6# Mdsgmgroktd
oktctrokspcroktdpdrauhomgrgll(gk 94 hl^rgtdffck suovd+
- 23+>> "6>242#
Fglgkco KoturoBghdh ?>> hl*- 4>3+>> "6>21>#ohomdromg
rdardsfoktd
jdkic rd
KO]TPOF
TCMOMGV^OPO
DLBG
H@PD
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94
Dspuho md oadctorsd0>> i ' 006 hl
- ?36+>> "03316#Bcmroto lo pcdl+
Lgfck poro mdspusmd oadctorsd ?>> hl
- 061+>>"03343#
Frdho md oadctorfgk dspuho ?>> hl ' 2> i^rgtdid muroktd dl oadctomg+
- ??1+>> "03314#
Idl poro mdspusmd oadctorsd 94 i
- ?03+>> "0331>#Pdardsfo y rdfupdrolo pcdl+
@olh poro mdspusmd oadctorsd 94 hlFolho d bcmroto lo pcdl+
- ?03+>> "0331?#
KO]TPOF
TCMOMGV^OPO
DLBG
H@PD
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O^GSOKMG LO DMTFOFCK ^OPO TK HRCFG HDJGP
Tko sgfcdmom hs justo sd fgkstruyd pgr hdmcg md uko dmufofckmd folcmom+ Aud fgk dsto fgkvcffck qud Koturo frd dl prgirohoFrddr poro Qdr+ @dkdafcokmg o hclds md kcgs y kcos
poro oyumor o troksgrhor kudstrg pos+
Frdohgs dk 0>>3 dl prgiroho Frddr poro Qdr pgrqud frddhgs dk lo dmufofckfghg hgtgr md troksgrhofck sgfcol+ Dk 0>?0, -0+=3=+>>> g`tdkcmgs irofcos o lovdkto md lgs prgmuftgs md dsto lkdo, udrgk mdstckomgs o prgydftgs dmufotcvgs md losgriokczofcgkds Qo Dmufofck, Aukmofck DMTFO y Mdpgrt(ds poro Fghportcr+Kudstrg g`jdtcvg ds hdjgror lo folcmom md lo dmufofck qud rdfc`dk lgs kcgs y los kcosmd Hxcfg, pgr lg qud dstohgs tro`ojokmg fgk griokczofcgkds dmufotcvos, outgrcmomds,hodstrgs y dsfudlos, opgyokmg hdtgmglgios qud pdrhctok lgiror foh`cgs prgukmgs+Irofcos o kudstros Fgksultgros pgr su lo`gr dk lo vdkto md dstgs prgmuftgs y pgr tuopgyg ol fghprorlgs+*
KO]TPO ]T^OP]CFC^OFCK
O^GSG O LODMTFOFCK" #FPDDP ^OPO QDP % 8
KO]TPOFPDDP^O
POQDP
@glso md fghpros- ?>>+>>"6=662#Foh`co los glsos mdplstcfg pgr dsto prftcfo ydfglicfo glsobdfbo ?>>$ md oligmk ydstohpomo dk sdrciroo+Mchdkscgkds:61 x 69+4 x ?6 fhLo forio hxchods md ?> ei+
Lgkfbdro
- ??4+>>"6=663#Dk lo dsfudlo g lo gafcko, uso dstoprftcfo y grcickol lgkfbdro+ Lddkfoktor o tus sdrds qudrcmgs+
Pdfudrmo qud fgk tu fghproopgyos lo dmufofck mdhclds md kcgs+
Hotdrcol: kdgprdkgMchdkscgkds:oltg 00 x lorig 01+4 x okfbg 2+4 fh
Dstufbd md lpcfds
- =1+>>"6=6=?#Hdmcmos:?? fh md oltg x 00 fhmd lorig x 1 fh md okfbgHotdrcol: tdlo fokosto
Hgfbclo kco
- ?=>+>>"6=6=>#Hdmcmos:=> fh md oltg x 60 fh md lorigx 3 fh md okfbg
Hotdrcol:tdlo fokosto
Hgfbclo kcg
- ?=>+>>"643>0#Hdmcmos:
=> fh md oltgx 60 fh
md lorig x 3 fhmd okfbgHotdrcol:
tdlo fokosto
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93
Forrctg
- 0>>+>>"640=4#Fgk = rudmctos ajos,pgrto`gtdllos yfghportchcdktg fgkfcdrrd+
Hotdrcol:
pglydstdr 1>> fglgrhgromg, fgk grrgkylgk rdpdldktd,chprdsck o 0 tcktos+
Mchdkscgkds:
lorig 02+4 xoltg 41 xudlld ?4 fh
Ozul
- ==+>>"00932#
L ?1 x O ?2 x ?> fh
Qckg
- =2+>>"00939#
L 00 x O 0= x ?? fh
Qdrmd
- 61+>>"00933#
L ?2 x O 04
x ^ 3
Pgso
- =>+>>"002>?#L 00+4 x O 01+2x ^ ?0 fh
* Dstchotcvo osomo dk lo prgydffck md dkdafcomgs d ckvdrscgkds mdl prgiroho poro 0>?6+
Kudvos lloktos hs
rdscstdktds y aukfcgkolds
FOJOV
Fortk ?>>$ rdfcflomg+
VG@PDV @GLVO
Fortk ?>>$ rdfcflomg+
Oiorromdros
- ?>>+>>"6>66?#Bdfbos md lgkdtodstohpomo fgk sdrciroo+
^oqudtd md 0 oiorromdrosMchdkscgkds:?3 x ?3 fh
Fuomdrkg
- 24+>>"640=0#^rftcfg y sustdkto`ld, cmdol porolldvor o tgmgs lomgs y rdolczorokgtofcgkds chpgrtoktds+Hdmcmos: ?6 x 0? fh?>> bgjos royomos+ ^grtomo ricmo+Dspcrol md plstcfg lokfg
? picko fgk stcfedrs? sg`rd cktdrcgr
KO]TPOFPDDP^OPOQ
DP
^luho cfglgr
- ?0+>>"6=6=0#
korokjo"6=6=1#
ozul"6=4??#
]ozo md fdrhcfo- 93+>>Lckmo y prftcfo+Fopofcmom: hdmcg lctrg+Ofo`omg rclloktd pgrmdktrg y hotd pgr udro+Mchdkscgkds:mchdtrg 3+= fh
oltg ?>+1 fh
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2?
KO]TPOQCQO
KO]TPO^PGHGFCGKDV
@GFO
]dxturo frdhgsoqud oyumo oajor dl lo`col+
Lpcz poro
fgktgrkg md lo`cgs ?,= i
fglgr 0 vckg "0=694#
fglgr ? horrk "0==>>#
O^PGQDFBO/lo`colds y lpcfds
poro fgktgrkg mdlo`cgs o prdfcgs
dspdfcolds
Md: - 93+>>
44f'u
Lo`col A^V 2 6,4 i
Md: - 23+>>
43f'u
?>
?=
2
fglgr ?9 "0==?6#
fglgr ?2 "0=69?#
fglgr =6 "0==??#
rgsos
fglgr ?? "0==?4#
fglgr ?0 "0=612#
fglgr ?= "0==?=#
horrgkds
fglgr = "0=613#
fglgr 6 "0==?3#
fglgr 4 "0==?2#
fg`rds y mgromgs
fglgr>2 "0==?1#
fglgr>9 "0==?9#
rgjgs
Fglgrds cktdksgsy olto fg`drturo
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20
KO]TPOQCQO
Ilgss lo`col 9 hl
- 31+>>
fglgr 9"0==>4#
fglgr ?"0==>3#
fglgr 6"0==>9#
fglgr ?= "0==>?#
fglgr ?6"0==>0#
fglgr 2"0==>=#
fglgr 0"0==>2#
fglgr ?0"0==>6#
@GFO
Dk uko sglo oplcfofcklgirors uko
ptcho fg`drturofgk `rcllg cktdksg+
GJGV
fglgr 0
KG MCV^GKC@LD/
fglgr 6
KG MCV^GKC@LD/
Dstufbd md sgh`ro
y mdlckdomgr dk pglvg
poro gjgs6,1 i
- ?4>+>>
fglgr ?
KG MCV^GKC@LD/
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24
Ect md pckfdlds
- ??1+>> "?>904#
pckfdl
poro gjgs ?
?6+4 fh
pckfdl
poro ru`gr
?4 fh
pckfdl
poro `gfo
?6+4 fh
pckfdl
poro
gjgs 0
?6+0 fh
fglgr6
rgso"0=624#
fglgr 0solhk"0=622#
fglgr=horrk"0=621#
Pu`gr 6 i
- ?02+>>
PGV]PG
Pu`gr mg=,4 i
- ?4>+>>
fglgr 0"62023#
fglgr 6"6203>#Ofo`omg
suovd y afcldsporfchcdktg+
Oplcfo dl ru`gr dk dl puktg hs
sg`rdsolcdktd mdl phulg fgk
hgvchcdktgs rgtotcvgs+
^udmds oyumortd
fgk uk pckfdl+
Kgro,60 ogs
KO]TPOQCQO
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KO]TPOT
KO
Oprgxchomohdktd 34 oplcfofcgkdsfgkscmdrokmg usg mcorcg+
`dcid florg "0=016# `dcid hdmcg "0=014#
`dcid fostog "0=0=4# horrk florg "099>0#
@OVD L_TCMO
@DKDACFCGV
Arhulo fgk 62$ md oftcvgs vdidtolds Olto fg`drturo y dadftg koturol Bcmrotofck ckhdmcoto Lc`rd md ofdctd, poro tgmg tcpg md pcdl]rotohcdktg oktcsdolds 0= bgros md murofck A^V ?4 y prgtdffck TQO
tdfkglgioFBPGKGVdlostckgl%P y FOG
aoftgr mdprgtdffcksglor
bcmrotofckckhdmcoto
- 6?3+>> 6> hl^oro uko fg`drturo olto,
prgtdffck y trotohcdktg+
FGK]DFKGLGIOOK]CVDOLDV
florg "09036# hdmcg "09034#rgsomg "0903=# fostog "09922#
FGPPDF]GP OL]O FG@DP]TPO
@DKDACFCGV
Fu`rd gjdros prgaukmos
y pdqudos chpdradffcgkds Fgktcdkd vctohcko D y offck oktcgxcmoktd
tdfkglgioFBPGKGVdlostckgl%P y FOG
- ??1+>> ?> i^oro uko fg`drturo oltomd chpdradffcgkds+
29
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KO]TPOT
KO
hdmcg"0909?#
"09096#
fostog"0909>#
"0909=#
florg"09090#
"096?4#
^GLQG FGH^OF]G
@DKDACFCGV
Ofo`omg ukcgrhd, rdmufd dl
`rcllg dxfdscvg
Ddftg koturol, tdxturo ultrolcvcoko Mcschulo los lkdos akos
md dxprdsck
Fgk fdrohcmos md horofuy,
vctohcko D, pcihdktgs trotomgsy mcusgrds ptcfgs
- 6>3+>> ?> i- 06?+>>
florg "0=0=3# hdmcg "0=0=2#
Arhulo o `osd md oiuo, lc`rd md ofdctds
]dxturo lcvcoko
Dxfluscvo tdfkglgio Koturo: Dlostckgl %
P fgk oktcgxcmoktds qud oyumok o
prdvdkcr los sdolds md lo dmom
Dadftg otdrfcgpdlomg
Fg`drturo suovd y ofo`omg koturol
A^V ?4
@OVD ALTCMO A^V ?4
@DKDACFCGV
tdfkglgioFBPGKGVdlostckgl%P y FOG
aoftgr mdprgtdffcksglor
@osd aucmo 6> hl^oro uko fg`drturo hdmco,
prgtdffck y trotohcdktg+
?19f'uMd: - 0>3+>>
fostog "6?034#
?64,24f'uMd: - 0>3+>>
22
64$mdmd
sfudktg
@osds lucmos fgkMDVFTDK]GV DV^DFCOLDV
0>$mdmdsfudktg
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23K
O]TPOT
KO
rdpudstg
- 634+>>
9,4 i
hdmcg ' gsfurg"0=0=?#hdmcg ' florg"0=0=0#
- 6?1+>>
0,4 i
rgso "0=9>4# `rgkfd "0=9>=#
Oprgxchomohdktd
009 oplcfofcgkdsfgkscmdrokmg su usg
mcorcg+
]DFKGLG
IO
FBPGKGV:Fgh`otdlosorruiosmdldkvdjdfchcdktg+
^rgpgrfcgkoarhdzo,dlostcf
cmomyrdkgvofckfdlulorolopcdl+
Arhulo y tdxturo mcdrdkfcomos
Fg`drturo ldvd y ddftg koturol
Bcmrotofck koturol
Luhckgscmom y ukcgrhcmom md lo pcdl
A^V ?4 y prgtdffck TQO
@DKDACFCGV
^GLQG VTDL]G OPO DL PGV]PG A^V ?4 PT@GP DK ^GLQG
@DKDACFCGV
Ddftg otdrfcgpdlomg
y ofo`omg koturol
Pdolzo dl fglgr dk lo
prchdro oplcfofck
]dxturo ultroako
Ofo`omg koturol
PT@GP FGH^OF]G
@DKDACFCGV
PT@GP CLTHCKOMGP
@DKDACFCGV
Ddftg koturol
y ldvdhdktd cluhckomg
- 6?3+>> ( 0,0 irgso 0 "66>49#
- 6?1+>> ( =,4 i- 034+>>
`rgkfd
"096>>#
"09031#
fgrol
"096>?#
"09039#
rgso
"096>0#
"09032#
KO]TPO^
PGHGFCGKDV
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3?K
O]TPOT
KO
horrk"099>6#
kdirg
"0969?#
@DKDACFCGV
Fglgr cktdksg mdsmd lo prchdro oplcfofck Murofck prglgkiomo
L^CZ PD]PF]CL O ^PTD@O MD OITO
oalomgr md pukto
- ?1>+>> 02> hi
kdirg"0=6>=#
@DKDACFCGV
Fglgr cktdksg fgk ptcho ajofck 2 bgros md murofck
L^CZ LOPIO MTPOFCK
- ?1>+>> ?,0 i
MDLCKDOMGPDV OPO GJGV
MDLCKDOMGP L_TCMG
@DKDACFCGV
Olto murofck y fglgrds cktdksgs ^rdfcsck dk lo oplcfofck
kdirg "016=?# horrk "016=># - ?3>+>> ?,2 hl
L^CZ EOJOL
@DKDACFCGV
]dxturo suovd, ptchg
mdslczohcdktg y fcl oplcfofck ^ukto poro dsuhor
- ?4>+>> ?,?= i
kdirg"0=020#
horrk"0=02?#
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36
DR]PO QGLTHDK
- 0?4+>> 2 hlkdiro
"6?39?#
@DKDACFCGV
6>$ hs md vgluhdk
Kg mdjo iruhgs
Gatolhglicfohdktd prg`omo
Murofck bosto pgr 2 bgros
Arhulo md sdfomg rpcmg
Vlg pudmd sdr rdtcromofgk oiuo tc`co+
VT^DP OLOPIOHCDK]G
@DKDACFCGV
Fdpcllg md `rgfbos sclcfgkomos
Kg mdjo iruhgs
Vdporo, mdackd y olorio los
pdstoos
Gatolhglicfohdktd prg`omo
]cdkd vctohcko D
- 0?4+>> 2 hlkdiro
"61=04#
KO]TPOT
KO
@r`oro ^ollomckg, 6> ogs, uso
sgh`ro trg `oedm fglgr ?+
VT^DP OLOPIOHCDK]G DR]PO QGLTHDK
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3=3=KO]TPOT
KO
- =96+>>0,4 i
FTOP]D]G MD VGH@POV
@DKDACFCGV
Fglgrds hotd y `rclloktds Fg`drturo ptcho]dxturo ako, sdmgso Lorio murofckQctohcko D
`rclloktd
hotd
Dstufbd fgkprdsdktofck dxfluscvo+
^CKFDL^OPO
PT@GP"0=091#
- 043+>>
* Lgs pckfdlds mdl ect kg sgkvdkmcmgs md grho sdporomo+
Fdrmos poro mcsdor, mdstofor g fgrrdicr chpdrdffcgkds+ ckfdl poro pdckor los fdjos y los pdstoos+
FDJOV S GJGV
Fdrmos poro dsuhor y frdor ddftgs sgh`rdomgs+Dspgkjo poro oplcfor y dsuhor los sgh`ros+
GJGV
Fdrmos arhds y prdfcsos+
LO@CGV
EC] MD^CKFDLDV*"0=093#
- 093+>>
OFFDVGPCGV
^CKFDL^OPO@OVD L_TCMO"0=094#- 043+>>
^CKFDL ^OPO^GLQG"0=092#
- 093+>>
L]CHG FCFLGMD QDK]OV/
fglgr = "096?>#fglgr 6L]CHG FCFLG MD QDK]OV/
"096??#
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Fgkgrt y `rcllg Bcmroto y mcshckuyd los lkdosakos md lgs lo`cgs
A^V ?4 y prgtdffck TQO
ILGVV A^V ?4
@DKDACFCGV
tdfkglgioFBPGKGVfdrohcmos md horofuy y FOG
aoftgr mdprgtdffcksglor
bcmrotofckckhdmcoto
@GFO
`rclloktd
frdhgsg
tdrrofgto "0903>#fglgr md `gfo "09023#
- ?1>+>> 04> hi
L^CZ PD]PF]CL ^OPO LO@CGV
@DKDACFCGV
]dxturo suovd, o prud`o md oiuo
- ?23+>> 1 hlrgso ?>? "09?4?#
fgrol ?=? "66>66#
rgso ?=> "66>61#
`gfo ?=> "66>69#
fgrol ?=> "66>6=#
rgso ?=? "66>64#
rgjg ?>> "09?40#
rgso ?>> "09?=1#
fg`rd ?>> "09?=2#
fglgr md gfo?>> "09?4>#
pdrlo ?>> "09?==#
fgrol ?>> "09?=9#
34
Hs `rcllg yfglgrds vc`roktdsporo tus lo`cgs+
KO]TPOT
KO
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31KO]TPOT
KO
@or`oro ^ollomckg, 6> ogs,
uso lo`col cktdksg agr rgjg =
LO@COLDV CK]DKVGV A^V ?4 ALGP
@GFO
DMCFCK LCHC]OMOBOV]O OIG]OP DRCV]DKFCOV
@DKDACFCGV
Olto fg`drturo y acjofck
Bcmrotofck ckhdmcoto y
rdstourofck md lgs lo`cgs
Mdfgrofck dspdfcol dk lo `olo
horrk =KG MCV^GKC@LD/
`gfo =KG MCV^GKC@LD/
uvo ?"666>2#
vckg 0L]CHG FCFLGMD QDK]OV/"666>3#
rgso 2L]CHG FCFLGMD QDK]OV/"666?0#
rgjg =L]CHG FCFLGMD QDK]OV/"666?6#
Lo`col cktdksgA^V ?4 Algr 6,4 i- ?2>+>>
L]CHG FCFLGMD QDK]OV/
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Fucmomg d
bcmrotofck
poro tu pcdl+
^rgmuftg
hs vdkmcmg
md Koturo
Dkfudktro dstgs prgmuftgs^PGHGFCGKOMGV
dk lo picko 0?
^ulpos poro hokgs y pcds Koturo Degs
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K o t u r o F b r g k g s
]o t c o k o y ^ o t r c f c o , 6 0 o g s +
L o h c s h o d m o m , f o m o u k o f g k s u b c s t g r c o
y u k F b r g k g s m c a d r d k t d o m d f u o m g
o f o m o c k t d k s c m o m m d s d o l d s +
L o k c f o l k d o f g k a r h u l o s d s p d f a c f o s p o r o m c a d r d k t d s
c k t d k s c m o m d s m d s d o l d s d k h u j d r d s m d l o h c s h o d m o m +
^ g f o s s d o l d s , s d o l d s y h u f b o s s d o l d s +
O s d l c i d s t u K o t u r o F b r g k g s +
A c r h d z o B c m r o t o f c k
Boy ukg poro tu b c s tgr co +
^GFOV VDOLDV VDOLDV
^GFOV VDOLDV
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P d m u f f c k m d l k d o s @ l g q u d g m d r o m c f o l d s l c ` r d s A ^ V 6 >
]g m g s l g s ` d k d a c f c g s d k u k s g l g p r g m u f t g +
1>%
=4%
6>%
VDOLDV HTFBOV VDOLDV
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^ O ] P C F C O ] O ] C O K O
o`rd oqu ymdsfu`rd hs