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STANDARDS OUTLOOK

Variation Reduction

Creating a better assessor for a better aerospace audit

by Dale K. Gordon

Ten years ago, I wrote an article on the certification and registration process, and the

inherent need to do your homework in the selection of a certification and registration body

(CRB) for ISO 9001 and other derivative certifications. This included the control or vetting

of auditors so the organization receives viable and valuable work.

In that column, I wrote: "Several organizations that have supplemented ISO 9001

requirements (aerospace, automotive, telecommunications) have recognized that the value

is not only in the standard, but also in its consistency of application. To have a low amountof variability in the audit of the standard, the audit variables must be controlled. To this

end, many of the aforementioned organizations have mandated auditor knowledge, trainingand the process by which the audit is performed. Some have gone so far as to put strict

controls on the auditor training, others on auditor qualifications and experience."1

The International Aerospace Quality Group (IAQG)almost from its inception in 1998

was chartered to harmonize and institutionalize the process of achieving a single

certification recognized by all members across the global aviation, space and defenseindustries based on common standards.

Like any good organization, IAQG is bound to continuously improve the process. And withthe latest revision of the common standards in early 2009,

2it was also time to do a major

update of the auditor authentication process.

Reasons for change

A large part of what necessitated this change was not only the revision of the standards, but

also a complete revision of the assessment process and philosophy. Prior to this latestrevision, the common method of assessment to the standards was a mandated checklist

developed for use with each specific standard.3

The checklist approach, while effective for ensuring the totality of the standard wasaudited, appeared to limit the audit process by making it seem as if getting a check in the

box was all that was needed to complete the assessment. It also did little to foster theconcept that the effectiveness of the quality management system (QMS) should also be

determined.

As a result, a new assessment process was developed along with the standards revision to

be consistent with the International Organization for Standardizations concept of process-


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based auditing and the revised standard. IAQG 9101D now covers all three IAQG aviation,

space and defense QMS standards.

The checklist has been completely revised, significant information has been added in line

with a process-based auditing method, and the audit itself has been divided into several

stages to coincide with ISO 17021.

4

The objective of the audit process is to evaluatewhether:

The processes within the QMS are identified and appropriately defined.

Responsibilities are assigned.

Procedures are implemented and maintained.

The processes within the QMS are effective in achieving the desired results.

The audit stages and activities within the standard are depicted in Table 1.5

Table 1

Training considerations

With these changes being implemented for more than 12,000 aerospace registrations andmore than 1,200 auditors worldwide, IAQG needed to address the issue of auditor training.

As my 2001 column stated, "A good audit depends on one very important ingredient a

well-trained and competent auditor."6 IAQG said no certifications to the latest revisions

were to be issued by any CRB until such time as the auditors were properly trained and re-

authenticated based on the myriad changes to the assessment process.

IAQG always had requirements for the audit performance and auditor training. They were

harmonized and codified into a series of standards to complement the assessment process.7

These standards covered how the audit was to be conducted, the oversight of the audit byIAQG, and the qualification and training requirements for auditors. With the latest revisionof the standards, these aspects of the audit also have been significantly improved to

coincide with the new assessment methods.

Because of the scope of the changes, the need for consistency in the assessment process and

to ensure proper application, IAQG had several organizations submit proposals for training

to the new auditing method and standards. The training would then be sourced to a single
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The bottom line is that while there was a process and method to ensure a consistent and

accurate assessment of the AQMS standards, without the constant reevaluation and

examination of variations in the process, improvements are hard to come by.

The auditing process mandates a need for consistency and accuracy, and the process

ownerIAQGresponded with improvements throughout. The standards in theautomotive sector already have this same level of consistency for auditor training. Maybe

we need it for all certifications to ensure we are getting the level of service for which we

pay.

References and notes

1. Dale K. Gordon, "Caveat Emptor," Quality Progress, August 2001, pp. 80-82.

2. These standards include 9100Quality management systemsRequirements for

aviation, space and defense organizations; 9110

Quality management systems

Requirements for aviation and maintenance organizations; and 9120quality

management systemsRequirements for aviation, space and defense distributors.

3. These standards include 9101Quality management systems assessment; 9111Quality management system assessment for maintenance organizations; and 9121

Quality system assessment applicable to stockist distributors.

4. International Organization for Standardization, ISO/IEC 17021: 2006ConformityassessmentRequirements for bodies providing audit and certification of

management systems.

5. SAE International, AS9101Quality management systemsRequirements for

aviation, space and defense organizations.

6.

Gordon, "Caveat Emptor," Quality Progress, see reference 1.7. These standards include 9104Requirements for aerospace QMS certification and

registrations programs; 9104/2Requirements for oversight of aerospace QMSregistration and certifications programs; and 9104/3Requirements for aerospace

auditor authentication.

Dale K. Gordon is group director of quality and compliance for Woodward AirframeSystems in Skokie, IL. He is an ASQ fellow, past chair of the Americas Aerospace Quality

Group and one of the writers of the AS9100 aerospace series of standards. Gordon earned a

bachelorsdegree in industrial engineering from General Motors Institute (now KetteringUniversity) in Flint, MI, and an MBA from Butler University in Indianapolis.

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