Programa de Licenciatura para profesores de Lengua extranjera

UNMSM

The Elizathethans (English Renaissance)– Historical background of the

Elizabethans Period.– Literary of the Elizabethan Period.– Shakespeare. Hamlet. Analysis.– Christopher Marlowe. “The Passionate

Shepherd to His Love. Analysis”–Walter Raleigh. “The Nymph’s Reply to

the Shepherd”.– Benjamin Johnson. “To Celia”– Edmund Spencer. “Amoretti”

Historical background: The Renaissance (1485-1660)brought back interest in Greek - Latin values-Italian art

• "Renaissance," or "rebirth," perfectly describes the intellectual and economic changes that occurred in Europe from the fourteenth through the sixteenth centuries.

• During the era known by this name, Europe emerged from the economic stagnation of the Middle Ages and experienced a time of financial growth. Also, and perhaps most importantly, the Renaissance was an age in which artistic, social, scientific, and political thought turned in new directions

The middle-class population also had leisure time to spend on education and entertainment. In fact, education was essential for many middle-class professions. Bankers and accountants needed to understand arithmetic. Those trading with other countries needed a knowledge of foreign currencies and languages. Reading was essential for anyone who needed to understand a contract. In their leisure time, middle-class men and women enjoyed such pastimes as reading for pleasure, learning to play musical instruments, and studying a variety of topics unrelated to their businesses.

Queen Elizabeth I ( The Virgin Queen )

• The Elizabethan Period: the reign of Elizabeth I, 1586-1603 – Previous facts

• Printing press (invented in 1450)allows more people to read a variety of literature

• Christopher Columbus (1492) starts a trend of trips all over the world

• England breaks with the church in Rome(1534)

• England and Spain expand and Economy changes from farm-based to one of international trade

• Elizabethan times facts• 1558 November 17,  Accession of Queen

Elizabeth I,  Elizabeth (daughter of Henry VIII) succeeded her Catholic sister Mary I who dies childless and re-established the Protestant Anglican Church. (Reigned 1558 - 1603)

• When the Black Death ( Bubonic Plague ) broke out in London in 1563, Queen Elizabeth I moved her court to Windsor Castle where she erected gallows and ordered that anyone coming from London was to be hanged

• 1577 - Alliance between England and Netherlands

• Francis Drake sails around the world ( and returns in 1580) renaming his ship the Pelican to  the Golden Hind

• The black death The Globe Theatre

• Elizabethan times were violent and England had diverse enemies,Scottish and Irish plotted against her, Spain attacked England on the seas.

• The Queen expanded her territory and managed to control her country and neighbours

• She never married but had several gentlemen in the court that were loyal to her

• There was fear of a French invasion.• Queen Elizabeth dies on 24 March 1603 of of

blood poisoning • James I of England, James VI of Scotland,

(great-great-grandson of Henry VII) is proclaimed King

• Renaissance Literature (1485-1660)

• “Renaissance” means “Rebirth”--Rebirth of interest in the Greek and Latin classics

• Emphasis on humanistic education for statesmanship

• Focus on the individual and a concern with the fullest possible cultivation of human potential through proper education; focus on individual consciousness and the Interior mind

• Concern with the refinement of the language and the development of a national, vernacular literature

• Style/Genres: • poetry – the sonnet Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey Wrote

sonnets in imitation of Petrarch and developed the English sonnet form that Shakespeare later used, with 14 lines, divided into 3 quatrains and a couplet.

– metaphysical poetry • elaborate and unexpected metaphors called

conceits

• drama – written in verse – supported by royalty – tragedies, comedies, histories

• Shakespeare and Marlowe wrote plays in blank verse.• Blank Verse = unrhymed iambic pentameter poetry

Main writers :• William Shakespeare • Thomas Wyatt • Ben Jonson • Christopher Marlowe • Andrew Marvell • Robert Herrick • Katherine Phillips

Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593) Poet & Playwright.

English dramatist, the father of English tragedy, and instaurator of dramatic blank verse, the eldest son of a shoemaker at Canterbury.

Dr. Faustus (1604) Play about a man of learning who Strikes abargain with Lucifer so that he can have forbidden knowledge and the power that brings. Marlowe writes his plays in Blank Verse. Critics admired• “Marlowe’s Mighty Line.”

Sir Walter RaleighBritish explorer, poet and historian, was born probably in 1552, though the date is not quite certain. His father, Walter Ralegh of Fardell, in the parish of Cornwood, near Plymouth, was a country gentleman of old family, but of reduced estate.He was smart, handsome and his good manners pleased the Queen who made him one of her favorites.He made a fortune with jobs assigned by

her.His life ended violently,sentenced to death by KingJames I. As a writer he vastly produced in poetry

and in prose.

Edmund Spenser (1552-1599) English poet, author of The Faery Queen, was born in London about the year 1552.

The Shepheardes Calender (1579). Written in Imitation of Vergil’s Ecologues, the Calender has an ecologue for each month of the year. Spenser uses 13 different verse forms and clearly wants to prove he is “our new poet.”• The Faerie Queene (1590; 1596) A LONG narrative poem, an allegorical epic in six books. Spenser planned to write

12 books of the Faerie Queene, one for each of the "twelve private moral virtues" from Aristotle which Arthur represents. In each book, a different hero represents one of these moral virtues.

Gloriana in the Faerie Queene represents Queen Elizabeth.• Amoretti (1595) A sonnet sequence of 89 sonnets that tell

the story of a love relationship in which the couple move toward marriage (unlike all other sonnet sequences of the period

William Shakespeare (1564-1616)• Baptized 26 April 1564- died on 23 April

1616 ,was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's preeminent dramatist.He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "The Bard").

His surviving works consist of 38 plays,154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.

• Hamlet - Characters:The ghost of King Hamlet• Prince Hamlet• Gertrude• Claudius• Ophelia• Horatio• Polonius• Laertes• Rosencrantz• Guildenstern

Benjamin Johnson

He was born in the first half of 1573, poet and actor. A contemporary of William Shakespeare, he is best known for his satirical plays, particularly Volpone, The Alchemist, and Bartholomew Fair, which are considered his best, and his lyric poems.

A man of vast reading and a seemingly insatiable appetite for controversy, Jonson had an unparalleled breadth of influence on Jacobean and Caroline playwrights and poets.