optimizacion de la cementacion para zonas depletadas atraves del cemento liviano

7/21/2019 Optimizacion de la cementacion para zonas depletadas atraves del cemento liviano

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MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN

CARRERA DE INGENIERIA DEL PETROLEO

Y GAS NATURAL

“OPTIMIZACION EN LA CEMENTACION DE

POZOS PETROLEROS PARA ZONAS

DEPLETADAS”

TESINA: PARA OBTENER EL TÍTULO DE TÉCNICO SUPERIOR ENINGENIERIA DEL PETROLEO Y GAS NATURAL

PRESENTADO POR: MODESTO PACEMA SEMO

ASESOR TÉCNICO: ING. JULIO CESAR NUÑEZ ROMERO

TERRITORIO GUARANÍ – BOLIVIA

Juli! "#$%



&OJA DE APROBACIÓN

“Optimizai!" #" $a #m#"tai!" %# p&z&' p#t(&$#(&' pa(a z&"a'

%#p$#ta%a')

P(#'#"ta%& p&(* M&%#'t& Pa#ma S#m&

I"+. R&%(i+& ,-'/#z R&%(0+/#zDi(#t&( %# Ca((#(a %# I"+#"i#(0a %#$ P#t(!$#& 1 Ga' Nat/(a$

I"+. J/$i& C#'a( N23#z R&m#(& P(&4. 5(a"i'& M&1 Ca1/6a

A'#'&( T7"i& A'#'&( L#"+/a I"%0+#"a

I"+. E%'&" Z#"!" Ca1& Az/$1 I"+. A%i% C/#$$a( M&"ta3&

T(i6/"a$ T7"i& T(i6/"a$ T7"i&

I"+. 8/i"t0" M/i6a M&1

T(i6/"a$ L#"+/a I"%0+#"a

1



AUTORÍA

E$ a/t&( %#$ p(#'#"t# t(a6a9& %# i":#'ti+ai!" pa(a &6t#"#( #$ t0t/$& %# t7"i& '/p#(i&( #"

“INGENIERIA DEL PETROLEO Y GAS NATURAL) &"4i#(# a $a UNIBOL ;U"i:#('i%a%

i"%0+#"a %# B&$i:ia G/a(a"0 “APIAGUAI<I TUPA)=> #$ (#'p#ti:& p#(mi'& pa(a p&%#(

(#p(&%/i( 1 %i't(i6/i( &pia' %# #'t# t(a6a9& pa(a 4i"#' #%/ati:&'. Pa(a &t(a' p#('&"a'

40'ia' 1 9/(0%ia' '# (#'#(:a" $&' %#(#?&' %#$ a/t&(.

M&%#'t& Pa#ma S#m&

I:& @ B&$i:ia

2



DEDICATORIA

A Dios p&( %a(m# $a 4&(ta$#za "##'a(ia pa(a /$mi"a( #'t# t(a6a9& 1 p&( +/ia( mi' pa'&'

#" t&%& m&m#"t& pa(a p&%#( a$a"za( mi' m#ta'.

A mis queridos y adorados padres #9#mp$& %# i"'pi(ai!" %# t&%&' mi' $&+(&'> a #$$&'

$#' %#6& t&%& $& /# '&1. E'p#(& #'t# t0t/$& '#a /"a 'ati'4ai!" pa(a /'t#%#'.

A mis queridos hermanos en especial a Juan Carlos, Francisco, Graciela y Sandra > a

mi' ?#(ma"it&' m#"&(#' pa(a /# #'t# $&+(& '#a '/ i"'pi(ai!" 1 $$#+/#" a a$a"za( t&%a'

$a' m#ta' /# $a :i%a $#' p(#'#"t#.

C&" a(i3& M&%#'t& Pa#ma S#m&

3



AGRADECIMIENTO

A"t# t&%& a Di&' p&( ?a6#(m# &"#%i%& #$ %&" %# $a :i%a> # i$/mi"a(m# 'i#mp(# p&( #$

'#"%#(& %#$ 6i#"> 1 ?a6#(m# %a%& $a 4/#(za "##'a(ia pa(a p&%#( &"$/i( #'ta #tapa %#

mi :i%a.

A mi' pa%(#'> ?#(ma"&' 1 a t&%a mi 4ami$ia #" +#"#(a$ p&(/# 'i#mp(# #'t/:i#(&"

ap&1-"%&m# #" t&%& 1 %-"%&m# a$i#"t&> #'ta $0"#a' "& p/#%#" #p(#'a( $& /#

(#a$m#"t# 'i+"i4ia" pa(a m0> $&' /i#(& m/?0'im&.

A $&' %&#"t#' %# $a a((#(a IPGN ;I"+#"i#(0a %#$ p#t(!$#& 1 Ga' Nat/(a$= p&( 6(i"%a(m# $a

&p&(t/"i%a% %# (#a$iza( #'t# t(a6a9& 1 p&( '/ i"&"%ii&"a$ ap&1& 1 a'#'&(0a. M/?0'ima'

+(aia' a t&%&'.

G(aia' a $a UNIBOL ;U"i:#('i%a% I"%0+#"a %# B&$i:ia G/a(a"0 “APIAGUAI<I TUPA)=> p&(

$a +#"#(&'a #%/ai!" /# m# 6(i"%!> a t&%&' mi' %&#"t#'> /# $#' %#6& +(a" pa(t# %#

mi 4&(mai!" aa%7mia.

A t&%&' mi' ami+&' 1 &mpa3#(&' %# #'t/%i& p&( '/ '&$i%a(i%a%.

A t&%a' a/#$$a' p#('&"a' /# %# a$+/"a ma"#(a p(#'ta(&" '/ &$a6&(ai!" pa(a $a

(#a$izai!" %# #'t# t(a6a9&.

M&%#'t& Pa#ma S#m&

4



INDICE GENERAL

CONTENIDO PAG'

I.INTRODUCCION..............................................................................................................

.. BRE,E DESCRIPCION DE LA PROPUESTA......................................................

.. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA.......................................................................

.. JUSTI5ICACION.......................................................................................................

... J/'ti4iai!" E&"!mia...............................................................................................

... J/'ti4iai!" Am6i#"ta$.................................................................................................

.. MARCO TEORICO...................................................................................................

.. C#m#"t&..........................................................................................................................

... Tip&' %# C#m#"t&........................................................................................................ .

... P(&pi#%a%#' 40'ia' %# $&' #m#"t&'.........................................................................F

... P(&pi#%a%#' m#-"ia' %# $&' #m#"t&'.................................................................F

..F. P(i"ipa$#' &mp/#'t&' %#$ #m#"t& 1 '/' 4/"i&"#'.............................................F

... N&(ma' %# $&' #m#"t&'..............................................................................................

..H. C$a'i4iai!" %# $&' #m#"t&' API 1 ASTM...............................................................H

... C#m#"t&' #'p#ia$#'....................................................................................................

... 5(a+/a%& %#$ #m#"t&................................................................................................K

..K. L#?a%a' %# #m#"t&.............................................................................................. K

... A%iti:&'........................................................................................................................

... A%iti:&' #'p#ia$#'....................................................................................................

... L#?a%a' $i:ia"a' & %# 6a9a %#"'i%a%...................................................................

... La6&(at&(i& %# #m#"tai&"#'..................................................................................F. P(&#%imi#"t& pa(a (#a$iza( /"a p(/#6a %# #m#"tai!"...................................

... Ti#mp& %# 6&m6#&................................................................................................... K

..H. C&"%ii&"#' !ptima' %# /"a #m#"tai!"............................................................K

... E/ip& pa(a (#a$iza( $a p(/#6a %# #m#"tai!"...................................................K

5



... C#m#"tai!" %# p&z&'.............................................................................................

..K. C#m#"tai!" p(ima(ia..............................................................................................

... A#'&(i&' /'a%&' pa(a #m#"tai!"....................................................................

... P(&#'& %# C#m#"tai!".........................................................................................

... C#m#"tai!" S#/"%a(ia.........................................................................................

.F. IPOTESIS.............................................................................................................

a= S&i&/$t/(a$*......................................................................................................................

6= E&"!mi&*.........................................................................................................................

= Am6i#"ta$*.......................................................................................................................... .

II'(OBJETIVOS'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''")

.. O69#ti:& G#"#(a$*....................................................................................................H

.. O69#ti:& #'p#04i&*.................................................................................................H

III' METODOLOGÍA'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' "*

.. L&a$izai!"............................................................................................................

.. Mat#(ia$#'...............................................................................................................

.. E"4&/# %# i":#'ti+ai!"........................................................................................

.. E't(at#+ia' %# i"t#(:#"i!".....................................................................................

... O(+a"izai!" i"t#("a.........................................................................................

... O(+a"izai!" #t#("a........................................................................................

... P(&m&i!" 1 %i4/'i!".........................................................................................K

... M/#'t(a 1 tama3& %# $a m/#'t(a.......................................................................K

..F. Di'#3& %# i":#'ti+ai!"....................................................................................K

... R#&$#i!" %# i"4&(mai!"..............................................................................K

..H. R#&$#i!" %# m/#'t(a'..................................................................................

... P(&#'ami#"t& %# $a m/#'t(a...........................................................................

... C(&"&+(ama %# Ati:i%a%#'..............................................................................

..K. P(#'/p/#'t&....................................................................................................

6



... C(it#(i&' # I"'t(/m#"tai!" %# '#+/imi#"t&....................................................

IV' RESULTADOS Y DISCUSION'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''+,

V' CONCLUSIONES''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' +-

VI' RE.LE/IONES''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''+-VII' BIBLIOGRA.IA'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' +)

VIII' ANE/OS''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' I

INDICE DE CUADROS

C0120i3 P45

Cu637 $' Ca(at#(0'tia' %# $a ?i%(atai!" %# $&' &mp/#'t&' %#$ #m#"t&.....................

Cu637 ".C(&"&+(ama D# Ati:i%a%#'.............................................................................

Cu637 +' P(#'/p/#'t&.....................................................................................................

Cu637 ,' C&'t& %# #m#"tai!" &":#"i&"a$................................................................F

Cu637 %' C&'t& ap(&ima%& %# $a $#?a%a %# #m#"t& $i:ia"& & %# 6a9a %#"'i%a%

;p(&p/#'ta=........................................................................................................................F

Cu637 -' C&mpa(ai!" %# $a' p(&pi#%a%#' %# /"a $#?a%a &":#"i&"a$ 1 /"a $#?a%a

..........................................................................................................................................

C&" #m#"t& $i:ia"& & %# 6a9a %#"'i%a%...........................................................................

7



INDICE DE GRA.ICOS

C0120i3 P45

G768i9 $' C#m#"tai!" p(ima(ia''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

G768i9 "' A(a3a%&(#' %# Pa(#%'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

G768i9 +' C#m#"tai!" 5&(za%a''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''F

INDICE DE ANE/OS

C0120i3 P45'

A02 $. Tip&' %# #"ta$iza%&(#'........................................................................................ I

A02 " .Zapata 4$&ta%&(a &" a'i#"t& 1 6&$a...................................................................... I

A02 +. E'/#ma %# #m#"tai!"...................................................................................II

A02 ,'I"'t(/m#"t&' %# $a6&(at&(i&.................................II

A02 ,'$. ,i'&'0m#t(& %# 5a""....................................................................................II

A02 ,'"' L#?a%a %# #m#"t&.................................................................................... III

8



RESUMEN

La #m#"tai!" #' /" p(&#'& /# &"'i't# #" m#z$a( #m#"t& '#& 1 i#(t&' a%iti:&'>

pa(a 4&(ma( /"a $#?a%a /# #' 6&m6#a%a a$ p&z& a t(a:7' %# a 'a(ta %# (#:#'timi#"t& 1

'it/a($& #" #$ #'pai& a"/$a( #"t(# #$ ?&1& 1 #$ %i-m#t(& #t#("& %#$ (#:#'ti%&(.

E"t(# $&' p(&p!'it&' p(i"ipa$#' %# $a #m#"tai!" %# p&z&' p#t(&$#(&' '# p/#%#"

m#"i&"a( $&' 'i+/i#"t#'* P(&t#+#( 1 a'#+/(a( $a t/6#(0a %# (#:#'timi#"t& #" #$ p&z&>

ai'$a( z&"a' %# %i4#(#"t#' 4$/i%&'> ai'$a( z&"a' %# a+/a '/p#(4iia$ 1 #:ita( $a

&"tami"ai!" %# $a' mi'ma' p&( #$ 4$/i%& %# p#(4&(ai!". E:ita( & (#'&$:#( p(&6$#ma' %#

p7(%i%a %# i(/$ai!" 1 p#+a %# t/6#(0a 1 $& m-' p(i"ipa$ #' $a(+a( $a :i%a %#$ p&z&.

Pa(a #$$& '# p(&p&"# $a /ti$izai!" %# #m#"t& $i:ia"& & %# 6a9a %#"'i%a% pa(a pa(a

&ptimiza( #$ p(&#'& %# #m#"tai!" #" z&"a' %#p$#ta%a' & %# 6a9a p(#'i!".

E'ta #' /"a a$t#("ati:a /# '# p$a"t#a pa(a (#%/i( $&' a$t&' &'t&' %# &p#(ai!" /# '#

(#a$iza" #" #'t# tip& %# p(&#'&> #' %#i( $a #m#"tai!" %# p&z&' p#t(&$#(&'.

9



I' INTRODUCCION

E$ &"'ta"t# %#'a((&$$& %# $a t#"&$&+0a #" $a i"%/'t(ia ?a# /# $a' t7"ia' /ti$iza%a' #"

#$ pa'a%& p/#%a" '#( (##mp$aza%&' &"'ta"t#m#"t# p&( &t(a' /# &4(##" ma1&( a$i%a%

1 m#9&(#' (#'/$ta%&'.

E" $&' 2$tim&' a3&' #$ /'& %# m#z$a' $i:ia"a' & %# 6a9a %#"'i%a% #" $a #m#"tai!" %#

p&z&' ?a (#i%& &"'i%#(a6$#m#"t# %#6i%& p(i"ipa$m#"t# a '/ m#9&( a$i%a% #"

&mpa(ai!" &" $a' m#z$a' %# #m#"t& /ti$iza%a' t(a%ii&"a$m#"t# a'0 &m& tam6i7" a

'/ m#9&( &'t&. E" #$ a'& pa(ti/$a( pa(a z&"a' %#p$#ta%a' & %# 6a9a p(#'i!".

Pa(a t#"#( /"a #m#"tai!" #it&'a '# %#6#" t&ma( #" /#"ta %i'ti"ta' :a(ia6$#' &m& $a

t#mp#(at/(a> %#"'i%a%> p(#'i!" 'i#"%& $a p(im#(a p(i&(ita(ia /# 1a #$ a'#"'& & %#'#"'&

%# $a mi'ma p(&:&a"%& $a' m&%i4iai&"#' #" $a' p(&pi#%a%#' %# $&' a%iti:&'.

L&' #m#"t&' ti#"#" i#(ta' a(at#(0'tia' 40'ia' 1 /0mia' 1 #" 6a'# a$ /'& /# '#

$#' p/#%# %a( #" /a"t& a (a"+& %# p(&4/"%i%a% &m& p(#'i&"#' 1 t#mp#(at/(a' a

'&p&(ta(> #t. S#+2" #$ API> $&' #m#"t&' p/#%#" '#( $a'i4ia%&' %# a/#(%& a '/

(#'i't#"ia> tam6i7" %# a/#(%& a$ t(am& 1 p(&4/"%i%a% /# '# :a a (#a$iza( t#"i#"%& #"

/#"ta /# mi#"t(a' m-' p(&4/"%& #$ p&z& ma1&( p(#'i!" 1 t#mp#(at/(a 1 p&( #'& '#

$a'i4ia" a $&' tip&' %# #m#"t&' %# $a 'i+/i#"t# 4&(ma* $a'# A> $a'# B> $a'# C> $a'# D>

$a'# E> $a'# 5> $a'# G 1 .

$'$' BREVE DESCRIPCION DE LA PROPUESTA

La' #m#"tai&"#' #" $&' p&z&' p#t(&$#(&' "& '&" t&%&' i+/a$#'> ti#"#" '/'

a(at#(0'tia' pa(a %i4#(#"t#' tip&' %# 4&(mai&"#'. E" #'t# t(a6a9& p(&p&"%(7 $a

/ti$izai!" %#$ #m#"t& $i:ia"& & %# 6a9a %#"'i%a% pa(a &ptimiza( $&' &'t&' %# &p#(ai!"

#" $a p#(4&(ai!" %# p&z&' p#t(&$#(&'> #" pa(ti/$a( #" #$ -(#a %# #m#"tai!" %# p&z&'.

1



La' #m#"tai&"#' pa(a z&"a' %#p$#ta%a' p(#'#"ta /"a +(a" %i4i/$ta% p&( $a &/((#"ia

%# 4(at/(ami#"t& 1 p#(%i%a' ?aia $a 4&(mai!" #' p&( #$ /a$ '# '/+i#(# #'t# tip& %#

#m#"t&> /# p(#'#"ta :a(ia' :#"ta9a' #" &mpa(ai!" a &t(&' #m#"t&' &":#"i&"a$#'

1a /# #" '0"t#'i' &ptimiza $&' &'t&' &p#(ai&"a$#'.

$'"' PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA

D/(a"t# $a p#(4&(ai!" %# /" p&z& #i't#" :a(ia' #tapa'> /"a %# $a m-' imp&(ta"t# #' $a

#m#"tai!" p&( #"%# %# a/#(%& a $a a$i%a% &" $a /# ?a1a #$a6&(a%& %#p#"%#(- $a

:i%a %#$ p&z&. Si#"%& tam6i7" /"a %# $a' #tapa' m-' p(&6$#m-tia'> /"& %# $&'

p(&6$#ma' m-' &m/"#' 1 #" #'t/%i& #' $a p#(%i%a %# $#?a%a #" z&"a' %#p$#ta%a' p&(

$& /a$ '# p$a"t#a #$ %i'#3& %# /"a $#?a%a $i:ia"a & #t#"%i%a pa(a &"t(&$a( $a p(#'i!"%# 4&(mai!".

$'+' JUSTI.ICACION

U"a %# $a' #tapa' m-' i"4$/1#"t#' #" $a :i%a %# /" p&z& #' $a #m#"tai!" %# $a'

t/6#(0a' %# (#:#'timi#"t&> m-' &"&i%a &m& #m#"tai!" p(ima(ia> /# &"'i't#

2"iam#"t# #" /"i( $a t/6#(0a &" $a pa(#% %#$ p&z& #:ita"%& a'0 $a &m/"iai!" %#4$/i%&' %# /"a z&"a a &t(a> %/(a"t# $a &p#(ai!" %# #m#"tai!" '/(+#" %i:#('&'

p(&6$#ma' ta$#' &m& p&a & ma$a a%?#(#"ia> $& /# '# (#4$#9a #" p7(%i%a' #&"!mia'

pa(a $a #mp(#'a> #' p&( #'& /# &" #'t# t(a6a9& %# i":#'ti+ai!" '# p(#t#"%#

imp$#m#"ta( #" "/#'t(& pa0' #$ /'& %# m#z$a' $i:ia"a' 1 %2ti$#' %# #m#"t& /#

m#9&(a" #$ &mp&(tami#"t& %# $a $#?a%a %/(a"t# $a :i%a p(&%/ti:a %#$ p&z&. E' %#i(

p(#'#"ta m#9&( (#'p/#'ta 4(#"t# a %i:#('&' #4#t&' /# &/((#" a $a(+& p$az&.

$'+'$' Ju;1i8i969i<0 Ci201=8i96

E$ #'t/%i& (#a$iza%& %#$ p(&1#t& #'t- %i(i+i%& a ap$ia( $&' &"&imi#"t&' 1 4/"%am#"t&'

t#!(i&' %# $a i"+#"i#(0a %# #m#"tai!" pa(a p&z&' p#t(&$#(&' #" z&"a' %# 6a9a p(#'i!".

2



$'+'"' Ju;1i8i969i<0 E90<>i96

A$ (#a$iza( #$ #'t/%i& %# #'t# t(a6a9& '# (#%/i(- #$ &'t& %# &p#(ai!" #" $a #m#"tai!"

%#$ p&z&.

$'+'+' Ju;1i8i969i<0 A>?i2016l

C&" $a imp$#m#"tai!" %# #'ta t7"ia $&' p(&1#t&' /# '# $$#:#" a a6& #'ta(-" 6a9& $a'

"&(ma' :i+#"t#' #" mat#(ia am6i#"ta$. D# #'ta ma"#(a &$a6&(a"%& &" #$ m#%i&

am6i#"t# p(&t#+i#"%& $&' (#/('&' a6i!ti&'> 6i!ti&'> %# a/#(%& &" $&' (#/#(imi#"t&'

%# $a ACC ;A/t&(i%a% Am6i#"ta$ C&mp#t#"t#= 1 $a L#1 %# M.A ;M#%i& am6i#"t# 1 A+/a=.

$',' MARCO TEORICO

$','$ C2>201'

E$ #m#"t& #' /"a m#z$a &mp$#9a #"t(# #$ “C$i"#()> #$ /a$ &"ti#"# t&%&' $&'

&mp&"#"t#' %#$ #m#"t& 1 #$ “Y#'&)> #$ /a$ '# a+(#+a &m& i"+(#%i#"t# 4i"a$.

La (#$ai!" #"t(# am6&' &mp&"#"t#' p(i"ipa$#' #' %# ap(&ima%am#"t# FF ;pp=.

L&' &mp&"#"t#' /# 4&(ma" #$ #m#"t& '&" !i%&' '/p#(i&(#' %# &i%ai!" $#"ta.

$','$'$' Cli0@27

E' /" mat#(ia$ /# (#'/$ta %# $a m#z$a &mp$#9a %# a$iza ;/ &t(&' mat#(ia$#' &" a$t&

&"t#"i%& %# a(6&"at& %# a$i&=> '0$i#> ?i#((& 1 a(i$$a. E'ta m#z$a %# i"+(#%i#"t#' '#

m/#$# 1 '# a$i"a #" ?&("&' ?&(iz&"ta$#'.

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$'-' COBERTURA FALCANCE BREVE DESCRIPCION DE ASPECTOS

SOCIOCULTURALES! ECONOMICOS! AMBIENTALES REALCIONADOS CON EL

ALCANCE DE LA INVESTIGACION'

6 S9i9ul1u76l:

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II' OBJETIVOS

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"'"' O?21iK E;29=8i9:

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28



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$MES "MES +MES ,MES %MES

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IV' RESULTADOS Y DISCUSION

A04li;i; 290<>i9

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+#"#(a"%& a'0 $a &ptimizai!" %# $&' &'t&'.

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V' CONCLUSIONES

D#$ a"-$i'i' %# $&' (#'/$ta%&'> '# p/#%# &"$/i( /#*

• E$ /'& %# #'t# tip& %# #m#"t& $i:ia"& pa(a 4&(mai&"#' %#p$#ta%a' & %# 6a9a

p(#'i!" (#%/# #"&(m#m#"t# $&' &'t&' %# &p#(ai!".• E:ita %# +(a" ma"#(a #$ %a3& a $a 4&(mai!" & 4(at/(ami#"t& (#%/i#"%& $a

p#(%i%a %# $#?a%a.• La &mp&'ii!" %#$ #m#"t& #' m/1 imp&(ta"t# pa(a +a(a"tiza( $a #$a6&(ai!" %#

/"a $#?a%a %# 6/#"a a$i%a%> %&"%# '# (#%/# #$ (i#'+& %# #m#"tai&"#'

4&(za%a' & p&'t#(i&(#' a((#+$&'. P&( #"%# $a p(&%/i!" &mi#"za i"m#%iatam#"t#>a'0 mi'm& '# t#"%(- /" (#t&("& (-pi%& %# $a i":#('i!" pa(a $a &mpa30a &p#(a%&(a

a &(t&> m#%ia"& & $a(+& p$az& 1 p(&%/i( ?i%(&a(6/(&' %# ma"#(a '#+/(a 1

(#"ta6$#.

36



VI' RE.LE/IONES

Pa(a (#a$iza( /" %i'#3& %# /"a $#?a%a %# #m#"t& '# %#6# t&ma( #" /#"ta m/?&'

4at&(#' &m& '#(> p(#'i!"> t#mp#(at/(a> p(&4/"%i%a%> a%iti:&' 1 a%#m-' #$ tip& %#

#m#"t& a /ti$iza('#> 1a /# %# #'t& %#p#"%# #$ 7it& %# $a #m#"tai!" $& /# 4ai$ita a

/"a 6/#"a &mp$#tai&" %# p&z&.

VII' BIBLIOGRA.IA

KK B6;i9 C2>201 C2>i;17! BJ S#(:i#' C&mpa"1.

C2>20169i<0 FD9'38! A$#9& Sa6&+a$.

F C2>201 R2l692>201 M6127i6l;' R'N! Sa"1> ;E%.=> S/((#1

U"i:#('it1 P(#''.

C2>20169i<0 32 P; P217l27; FD9'38! Ma+"/' 5#("-"%#z.

E0275 &6lli?u710 C2>201i05 M60u6l'

37



I0520i27=6 32 C2>20169i02;! M!"ia A$#9a"%(a &1&'> T&m& KH.

K O1i>i69i<0 20 l6 O2769i02; 32 92>20169i<0! D#$iza6#t? Sa$a'> O(tiz

J&(+#> I:&@Ma?a(#ti.

2ll C2>201i05 S9lu>?27527! E(i B. N#$'&".

38



VIII' ANE/OS

A02 $' Ti; 32 920176li6372;

A02 "' Z6616 .l16376 90 K4lKul6 32 A;i201 Bl6

1



A02 +' E;u2>6 32 92>20169i<0

.u2012: I"+#"i#(0a %# C#m#"tai!".

A02 ,' I0;17u>201; 32 l6?7617i

A02 ,'$' Vi;9;=>217 32 .600

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A02 ,'" L29636 32 92>201

3

optimizacion de la cementacion para zonas depletadas atraves del cemento liviano

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