lactancia 2014
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Proporción de menores de seis meses de edad con lactancia exclusiva por regiones
Fuente: INEI – ENDES 2007 . 2009 , 2010 Elaboración Propia: DIGEMID
Costa Sierra Selva0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
60.1
72.4
80.8
59.3
76.2 77.6
52.8
83.7
77.2
2007 2009 2010P
orce
nta
jes
Desciende
Asciende Desciende
Productos más vendidos en el mercado privado
Fuente: IMS - 2010 Elaboración Propia: DIGEMID
BACTRIM
SIMILAC 1 EYE Q PL
PLIDAN CPTO NF
BONVIVA
SIMIL.GAIN 2E Q PL
ENFAGROW
PEDIASURE
ELECTRORAL NF
DOLO-NEUROBION
ARCOXIA
PEDIASURE PLUS
ENFAMIL PREMIUM 1
ENFAGROW PREMIUM
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
55
66666
7777
88
999
1010
1215
1618
2134
43
Millones de Dólares
Estos son los 25 productos más vendidos en el mercado retail durante el año 2010, los mismos que ascienden a un total de 68 millones de dólares. Asimismo, en este grupo se encuentran 11 productos que corresponden a Fórmulas Infantiles, por un total de 16 millones de dólares.
COINCIDENCIA???
Impacto de las Fórmulas para Lactantes con el Ingreso Salarial Mínimo
FÓRMULA PARA LACTANTESCONSUMO
PROMEDIO POR MES
PRECIO ESTIMADO DE VENTA
GASTO MENSUAL DÍAS DE TRABAJO
ENFAGROW PREMIUM POLVO 900 G 4 Latas 62.23 soles 248.92 soles 14 días
PEDIASURE POLVO VAINI 900 G 4 Latas 75.44 soles 301.76 soles 16 días
NAN 1 PROTECT PLUS POLVO 400 G 7 Latas 35.55 soles 248.85 soles 14 días
Ingreso Salarial Mínimo Mensual: 550 nuevos soles Elaboración Propia - DIGEMID
Valor por día de trabajo: 18.33 nuevos soles
Cuadro 4: Gasto Promedio Mensual de 3 Fórmulas para Lactantes
¿LO PAGAMOS LOS MÉDICOS?
MITAD DEL SUELDO MENSUAL!!!
QUE HAY DE NUEVO?Los niños alimentados a LECHE ARTIFICAL tienen un Incremento del riesgo de 4.6 veces
Estenosis o Hipertrofia CONGENITA DEL PÍLORO es la condición mas común que requiere cirugía en el infanteTípicamente aparece despues de las primeras dos semanas., NO SE CONOCE CAUSA
Bottle-feeding and the Risk of Pyloric Stenosis
El riesgo aumentado de HCP entre niños alimentados con leche adaptada se observó aún 30 dias después de la primera exposición y no varía con la edad a la primera exposición
El riesgo aumentado de HCP entre niños alimentados con leche adaptada se observó aún 30 dias después de la primera exposición y no varía con la edad a la primera exposición
CMAJ. 1989 February 15; 140(4): 401–404. PMCID: PMC1268663
Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: a study of feeding practices and other possible causes.B F Habbick, C Khanna
We found that bottle-feeding was 2.9 times more prevalent among the infants with IHPS than among the control subjects. We speculate that the recently observed decrease in the incidence of IHPS is due to the decline in bottle-feeding.
An international peer-reviewed journal for health professionals and researchers covering conception to adolescence
The epidemiology of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in Sweden 1987–96G Hedbäcka, K Abrahamssona, B Husbergb, T Granholmb, A Odénc
AbstractAIMS To find out whether the incidence of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) has changed over the past decade, and if so, to investigate possible contributory factors.
RESULTS There was a substantial decline from 2.7/1000 to 0.85/1000 over the time period. The incidence in the south was almost three times greater than in the north.
CONCLUSION The declining incidence and geographical difference suggest that environmental factors are of importance in this disorder.
Arch Dis Child 2001;85:379-381 doi:10.1136/adc.85.5.379
Journal of
Tropical PediatricsJ Trop Pediatr (2009) 55 (2): 132-134. doi: 10.1093/tropej/fmn094
Does Exclusive Breastfeeding Confer Protection Against Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis? A 30-year Experience in Benin City, Nigeria David Osarumwese Osifo and Iyekoretin Evbuomwan
The incidence of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis has steadily decreased in developing countries, and this study was designed to confirm this and establish any protection conferred by exclusive breastfeeding. Following the introduction of exclusive breastfeeding in late 1980s and early 1990s in Nigeria, a steady drop in incidence was noticed, with only five cases seen in the last decade and just one case seen in the past 5 years. All were babies who had artificial feeds, with none recorded among babies exclusively breastfed. This decrease in the incidence of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis may have been due to exclusive breastfeeding.
Human milk feeding prevents retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm VLBW neonates.Early Hum Dev. 2013 Jun;89 Suppl 1:S64-8. doi: 10.1016/S0378-3782(13)70019-7.Manzoni P, Stolfi I, Pedicino R, Vagnarelli F, Mosca F, Pugni L, Bollani L,
Incidencia de ROP 11 of 314; 3.5% vs 29 of 184; 15.8% (RR 0.14; 95% CI 0.12-0.62; p = 0.004).
Coppa GV, Zampini L, Galeazzi T, Gabrielli O.Prebiotics in human milk: a review. Dig Liver Dis. 2006;38(suppl 2):S291–S294
LA COLONIZACION MICROBIANA SE INICIA AL NACERLM: bifidobacterias y lactobacilos L.ARTIFICIAL Flora mixta con escasas bifidobacterias.
LA LECHE MATERNA tiene un “efecto bifidogénico" debido a la baja concentración de proteónas y fosfatos, a la presencia de lactoferrina, lactosa, nucleótidos y oligosacaridos
Oral lactoferrin for the prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 May 12;(5):CD007137. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007137.pub2.Venkatesh MP, Abrams SA.
Oral lactoferrin prophylaxis reduces the incidence of late-onset sepsis in infants weighing less than 1500 g and most effective in infants weighing less than 1000 g. There is no evidence of efficacy of oral lactoferrin (given alone) in the prevention of NEC in preterm neonates
DHA – ARA - LCPUFA
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) notably docosahexaenoeic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) are important for the optimum growth and development of the infant
DHA and ARA levels in breast-milk are thought to be influenced both by direct nutritional intake, and by the genetic variation of the FA desaturase enzymes.
Breast milk DHA levels in Sri Lankan mothers vary significantly in three locations that have different access to dietary fish.
Ceylon Med J. 2013 Jun;58(2):51-5. doi: 10.4038/cmj.v58i2.5679.Lee PS, Wickramasinghe VP y col
Brazil its rate has increased from around15% in the 1970’s to 50% in 2011 [3], reaching 77% insome private clinics [4].
This trend is reflected in manyparts of the world. In China, the most populous countryin the world, CS rates are approaching 50% [5].
Recent data have revealed that the gut microbiota can beconsidered to be an environmental factor that modulatesobesity and other metabolic diseases [17].Other mechanism could also be hypothesized. CS hasalso been associated with alteration of newborn hormonalmilieu, characterized by, for example, lower concentrationsof plasma leptin and ghrelin in human newborns and otherorexigenic peptides in animal models, which are related topost partum appetite control and have been reported to beassociated with an increased risk for later obesity [23,30,36].
In 2004/2005, at reassessment of the two birth cohortsstudied, the obesity rate was 13.0% in RP, whereas in SLit was 2.1%. The CS rate was 54.5% in RP and 30.8% inSL. The prevalence of obesity in RP was significantlyhigher in children delivered by CS compared with thoseborn by vaginal delivery (15.7% vs 9.8%, P = 0.022).
In SL, despite obesity not being significantly associated withtype of delivery (p = 0.091), the obesity rate in childrenborn by CS was more than twofold higher than amongthose born by vaginal delivery (3.5% and 1.4% respectively).
Protection is provided by components including regulatory cytokines and growth factors. In addition, breast milk contains several other factors such as lysozyme, lactoferrin, and oligosaccharides, which assist in preventing infections and supporting the growth of beneficial bacteria
breast milk is also a continuous source of microbes,their growth factors, and components that regulate host-microbeinteractions. These factors emphasize the key position of breastfeedingin conferring protection during a critical period in life,when breast milk is the sole source of nutrition for the infant andwhen the neonate’s own immune defenses, including the integrityof the gut barrier, are immature
EXPOSICION PRECOZ- Modo de parto (microbios maternos)- Dieta del Infante (sustrato selectivo(- Atbs (muerte selectiva)- Probioticos (enriquecimiento selectivo)- Medio ambienbte físico (microbios del medio ambiente)
MICROBIOTAINTESTINAL
DISBIOSIS
TOLERANCIA INMUNEHOMEOSTASIS INTESTINALMETABOLISMO SALUDABLE
ENFERMEDAD INMUNE(atopía, asma, esclerosisM´pultiple)ENFERMEDAD INTESTINAL(Enf. Inflamatoria intestinal, ECN, Ca colon)ENFERMEDAD METABOLICA(diabetes, obesidad)
SIMBIOSIS
Methods: Medical literature was searched in the Pubmed and Embase databases to identify all English-language relevant studies up to April 10, 2013.
There is limited evidence for an inverse association between breastfeeding and risk of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma.
The anticancer mechanism of breastfeeding remained unclear, which may be a direct effect of human milk on malignances or an indirect effect of reducing early childhood infections (Section on Breastfeeding, 2012). A complex biological liquid containing numerous immunoactive agents might play an important role in the anticancer activity of human breast milk. High levels of human soluble TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand were found in human colostrum and breast milk, which is an immunoactive substance that plays a key role in controlling apoptosis and cell proliferation in various organs and tissues (Davanzo et al., 2013). Human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells, which is a substance with anticancer activity in human milk, has been reported (Mossberg et al., 2010).
The benefits of breastfeeding for children are well-known. Indeed, breastfeeding affects cancer, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease, in addition to reducing episodes of diarrhea, decreasing the incidence of infections (enteric, otitis media, and respiratory infections) and eczema (Oddy et al., 2003; Paramasivam et al., 2006; Das, 2007; Ip et al., 2007; Hosea Blewett et al., 2008; Monterrosa et al., 2008; Rosenbauer et al., 2008; Ladomenou et al., 2010).
Increased bone mineral density is associated withbreastfeeding history in premenopausal Spanish women
Maria Luz Canal-Macias, Raul Roncero-Martin, Jose Maria Moran, Jesus Maria Lavado-Garcia, Maria del Carmen Costa-Fernandez, Juan Diego Pedrera-Zamorano
Arch Med Sci 2013; 9, 4: 703–708
Four hundred and thirty-three premenopausal healthywomen, 295 with a mean of 7.82 ±6.68 months of exclusive breastfeeding and 138 control women, were studied. This study adds to the growing evidence that breastfeeding has no deleterious effects and may confer an additional advantage for BMD in premenopausal women.
Breastfeeding may protect against persistent stuttering.J Commun Disord. 2013 Jun 24. pii: S0021-9924(13)00034-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2013.06.001. [Epub ahead of print]Mahurin-Smith J, Ambrose NG.
El perfil de ácidos grasos de la leche humana con su POTENCIAL PARA AFECTAR LA EXPRESIÓN GENÉTICA Y LA COMPOSICIÓN DEL TEJIDO NEURAL PODRÍA EXPLICAR ESTA ASOCIACIÓN
Lactancia materna y protección de la obesidad infantilLa Lactancia materna protege contra la obesidad infantil(Canadá)*Un estudio sistemático y metaanálisis deestudios epidemiológicos (cohortes,casos-controles,estudiostransversales)
* KramerMS. J Pediatr1981; 98: 883 –7 ** ArenzS et al. InternJ Obes2004; 28: 1247 –56
SOMOS LECHEROS!!!Porque mamá trabaja y nos
alimenta con leche materna!Porque mamá trabaja y nos
alimenta con leche materna!