informe final i

8/18/2019 Informe Final I

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIOANL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS

FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA ELECTRÓNICA YELÉCTRICA

ESCUELA ACADÉMICO PROFESIONAL DEINGENIERÍA ELECTRÓNICA

Curso:Laboratorio ! Cir"uitos Di#ita$!s II

Traba%o:

I&'or(! Fi&a$ N)*

T!(a:Cir"uitos T!(+ori,aor!s

A$u(&os:

So$is Mi-a&o. /u$io C!sar /u&ior 01*10023Gra&a Co$$ao. Ma&u!$ Gi$b!rto01*10044

Aria&,!& Ma&ri5u!. Pi!ro Euaro01*10022

6ua&"a 6o&orio. D!&&is Mar7 01*10048

Pro'!sor:I Os"ar Casi(iro Parias"a

CIRCUITOS DIGITALES II


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0**UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS

FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA ELECTRONICALABORATORIO DE CIRCUITOS DIGITALES II

I.LABORATORIO 1: CIRCUITOS TEMPORIZADORESProfesor: Ing. Oscar Cas!ro Parasca.

II. OBJETIVO:

". U#$%ar a&ec'a&a!en#e e$ #e!(or%a&or ))) *+o )), * s's &os !o&os &eo(erac-n *a sea co!o 'n !'$#/0ra&or as#a0$e o co!o 'n !'$#/0ra&or

!onoes#a0$e1. U#$%ar a&ec'a&a!en#e e$ CI23"1" e$ CI23"11 * e$ CI23"14 * s's !o&os &e

#ra0a5o *a sea co!o 'n !'$#/0ra&or as#a0$e o !onoes#a0$e.

III. MATERIALES y EQUIPO:

• Pro#o0oar& ca0$es &e cone6-n.

• CI : LM))) 718 - LM)), 7"8 23LS"1" 23LS"11 23LS"14

• Ress#encas: "99 ")9 329 )99 " ".) 4.4 ,.; "9718 ";718 32

"99 "M718 "9M.

• Con&ensa&ores: 9.9"?F 9."?F 718 9.,;?F "?F 1?F "9 ?F 1) ?F "99 ?F

o#ros.

IV. MARCO TEÓRICO



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En $a n&'s#ra se /ene '#$%an&o &es&e $os a@os 29 'n n#egra&o !'* (o('$ar 'e a&e!s &e senc$$o es !'* efca% * /ers#$ a $a ora &e (ro&'cr#e!(or%acones es#o* a0$an&o &e$ socorr&o ?A)))PC 'e nos (er!#econs#r'r 'n #e!(or%a&or !e&an#e 'nos (ocos co!(onen#es &e 0a5o cos#e.S' es#a0$&a& con $a #e!(era#'ra es &e 999) (or gra&o cen#gra&o. A' se&escr0en &e for!a s!($e a$g'nos as(ec#os &e es#e CI. En o#ro !an'a$ seen#rar con !a*or &e#a$$e.

A($can&o 'na se@a$ &e &s(aro e$ cc$o &e #e!(or%ac-n se nca * 'na0sc'$a n#erna $e n!'n%a fren#e a f'#'ras se@a$es &e &s(aro. A$ a($car 'nase@a$ &e re(osc-n 7rese#8 e$ cc$o &e re#ar&o se n#err'!(e &n&ose (orfna$%a&a $a #e!(or%ac-n. En#re s's carac#ers#cas !s !(or#an#es a* 'e&es#acar e$ a!($o !argen &e con#ro$ &e #e!(o &es&e !croseg'n&os aoras.

F'nconan&o co!o as#a0$e o !onoes#a0$e e$ cc$o &e #ra0a5o es ca(a% &e(ro(orconar 199 !A &e corren#e en s' sa$&a.

FUNCIONAMIENTO ASTABLE.

Es#e #(o &e f'ncona!en#o &e$ #e!(or%a&or ))) se carac#er%a (or 'na sa$&acon for!a &e on&a c'a&ra&a 7o rec#ang'$ar8 con#n'a &e anco (re&efn&o (ore$ &se@a&or &e$ crc'#o.

E$ es'e!a &e cone6-n * $as for!as &e on&a &e en#ra&a * sa$&a &e$!'$#/0ra&or as#a0$e se !'es#ran en $os sg'en#es grfcos.

La se@a$ &e sa$&a #ene 'n n/e$ a$#o (or 'n #e!(o T" * en 'n n/e$ 0a5o 'n#e!(o T1.

Los #e!(os &e &'rac-n &e(en&en &e $os /a$ores &e $as ress#ores: R" * R1 *&e$ ca(ac#or .


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T H =0.693 ( R A+ RB) C

T L=0.693 RB C

T t =0.693 ( R A+2 RB ) C

FUNCIONAMIENTO MONOESTABLE

En $a fg'ra se (resen#a a$ ))) en $a confg'rac-n !onoes#a0$e. A$ a($car 'n('$so nega#/o en V con 'na #ens-n nferor a "+4Vcc e$ con&ensa&or C secarga $0re!en#e a #ra/s &e R. Es#e (roceso &e carga fna$%ar c'an&o $a VCH1+4Vcc en c'*o caso se (ro&'ce $a &escarga 0r'sca &e C a #ra/s &e$#ranss#or &e sa$&a.

E$ ('$so &e sa$&a #ene 'na &'rac-n T es(ecfca&o (or e$ #e!(o 'e #ar&a e$con&ensa&or en (asar &e 9V a 1+4Vcc /ene &efn&o (or $a sg'en#eec'ac-n

T =1.1 R A C

V. PROCEDIMIENTO EXPERIMENTAL: Los circi!os so" s#$ri%os. U%.&$%$ c'()i'r *os +'*or$s %$ *os co(&o"$"!$s %$ 'c$r%o ' s %is$,o.

". Crc'#o MV. As#a0$e : Conec#ar e$ crc'#o


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Las for!'$as (ara ca$c'$ar $os #e!(os T TL * T# sonT h=0.693 x C 1 x ( R1+ R2 ) x 0.0001

T h=0.693 x0.0001 x (1000+150000 )=0.693 x 0.0001 x 151000=1.042seg

T L=0.693 x C 1 x R2=0.693 x0.0001 x150000=1.035seg

E$ Te!(o To#a$ es:

T t =T h+T L=2.077seg

Aora ca$c'$a!os $a frec'enca: F H "+T# H 9.) Jer#% 7J%8 o cc$os (or seg'n&o.

E$ Cc$o &e Tra0a5o 7D'#* C*c$e8 es $a ra%-n &e$ #e!(o en ON a$ #e!(o #o#a$:

D .C =1

2ó50 (50%ON y50%OFF )

I!($e!en#e o#ro crc'#o (ara o0#ener $os #e!(os n&ca&os en e$ grfco:

C 1=10microfarad (0.00001 farad ) R

1=150 KΩ R

2=47 KΩ

T h=0.693 x10 x10−6

x183 x103

T h=1.268seg

T L=0.693 x10 x10−6

x33 x103



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T L=0.228seg

E$ Te!(o To#a$ es:

T t =T h+T L=1.496seg

Aora ca$c'$a!os $a frec'enca: F H "+T# H ,,; !J% o cc$os (or seg'n&o.

E$ Cc$o &e Tra0a5o 7D'#* C*c$e8 es aora: ;3.,.

Dty Cic!e=T h

T t x 100

1. Conec#ar e$ crc'#o as#a0$e !os#ra&o: VccHK /o$#os.

4. O0ser/ar $as carac#ers#cas &e sa$&a. Me&r $a frec'enca.

3. Ree!($a%ar R"H"9M< (or 'na ress#enca R"H"M


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C'an&o e$ !onoes#a0$e se &s(ara con e$ s#c e$ LED se encen&e &'ran#e1.31 seg * $'ego se a(aga.

E$ f'ncona!en#o &e(en&e &e R" * C". C1 se 'sa so$o (ara e/#ar $anes#a0$&a& &e$ crc'#o. R1 se 'sa (ara !an#ener e$ &s(aro en a$#o as#a 'ee$ s#c $o $$e/a a #erra.

C$c'$o (ara e$ Te!(o ON 7T8:

T =1.1 x R1 x C 1=1.1 x100 x103 x22 x10

−6=2.42seg

Aora &ga!os 'e &esea!os 'e e$ Le& se encen&a &'ran#e " Mn'#o * )9seg'n&os.

Pr'e0e con 'na ress#enca &e "Mo! * 'n con&ensa&or &e "99'F. Verf'es's c$c'$os. Ds(are e$ crc'#o * o0ser/e.

2. Conec#ar e$ crc'#o !onoes#a0$e &e $a fg'ra 1.

;. O0ser/ar e$ LED en $a sa$&a. Me&r V4

. Conec#ar !o!en#nea!en#e e$ #er!na$ &e &s(aro a #erra * &esconc#e$or(&a!en#e. O0ser/ar e$ LED en $a sa$&a. Me&r V4. Verfcar n'e/a!en#econec#an&o 'n &o&o en (ara$e$o con $a ress#enca &e "9.

"9.C'an&o se &s(ara e$ !onoes#a0$e !&a e$ #e!(o &e &'rac-n &e$ ('$so &esa$&a con 'n re$o5.

"". Ca$c'$e con $os /a$ores &e $os co!(onen#es $a &'rac-n &e$ ('$so &e sa$&a.



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"1.Co!(are $os /a$ores ca$c'$a&os * !e&&os &e $os ('$sos &e sa$&a.

"4.Verfcar e$ 'so &e$ #er!na$ &e res#a0$ec!en#o. Ds(are e$ !onoes#a0$e en!e&a#a!en#e conec#e e$ #er!na$ 3 a #erra. O0ser/ar e$ LED &e sa$&a.

"3.Ree!($a%ar $a ress#enca &e "9M< (or 'na ress#enca &e "M


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Es#e es #a!0n 'no &e $os !o&os &e f'ncona!en#o !s 'sa&o &e$ ))) *a'e nos (er!#e /arar $a frec'enca &e osc$ac-n $o c'a$ ('e&e c'!($r con!'cas a($cacones &e $a /&a &ara.

O!r's A&*ic'cio"$s y Circi!os

A$ar!a (ara A'#o!-/$

Se '#$%an 1 IC. ))) o " IC )), 7#ene &os #e!(or%a&ores en 'no so$an#egra&o8

E$ (r!er ))) (ro/ee e$ #e!(o necesaro &e re#ar&o (ara ar!ar e$ crc'#o7sa$r &e$ carro8 * (er!#e #a!0n e$ #e!(o &e re#ar&o (ara en#rar a$ a'#o *&esac#/ar $a a$ar!a.

Es#e #e!(o &e(en&e &e $os /a$ores &e Ra * Ca.

C'an&o e$ #e!(o &a&o (or e$ (r!er #e!(or%a&or #er!na sn 'e $a a$ar!ase a(ag'e s#e ac#/a e$ seg'n&o #e!(or%a&or 'e a s' /e% ac#/a $a srena(or 'n #e!(o 'e &e(en&e &e $os /a$ores &e R0 * C0.

In!e&a#a!en#e &es('s &e $a ac#/ac-n nca$ &e $a a$ar!a e$ SCR (re/ene'e $e seg'n&o #e!(or%a&or se &s(are.

Des('s &e$ #e!(o &e sa$&a &a&o (or e$ (r!er #e!(or%a&or e$ seg'n&o#e!(or%a&or (o&r ser ac#/a&o (or c'a$'era &e $os censores o (or e$(r!ero &es('s &e$ #e!(o &e re#ar&o &e en#ra&a.

Con#ro$ A'#o!#co &e L'ces

I&ea$ (ara (as$$os o esca$eras so0re #o&o en e&fcos es#e crc'#o (er!#e!an#ener 'na sere &e $!(aras en (ara$e$o encen&&as &'ran#e 1 !n'#os *$'ego $as a(aga a'#o!#ca!en#e. Es #o#a$!en#e s$encoso (or ser &e es#a&os-$&o 7'e es(era0an 'n re$o5#o !ecnco8.



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E$ crc'#o es 0en s!($e * cons#a &e so$o &os e$e!en#os ac#/os. E$ (r!ero'n T!er *a fa!oso 7* /e5o8 e$ ))) e$ c'a$ es# confg'ra&o en n'es#ro casoco!o !onoes#a0$e. L'ego s#e go0erna 'n #rac 'e ace $as /eces &e $$a/e&e (o#enca.

S 0en e$ crc'#o (arece co!($ca&o (ara $a f'nc-n 'e c'!($e s se $oana$%a en &e#a$$e se no#ar 'e es !'* senc$$o. Es# (ensa&o (ara #ra0a5arcon #res $os en#re $os ('$sa&ores * $as $!(aras 7'e no &e0en s'(erar $os)99 sn &s(ar e$ #rac8. As en#re $os ('n#os " * 1 se conec#an $as $!(aras* en#re $os ('n#os 1 * 4 se conec#an $os ('$sa&ores 'e ('e&en nc$'r 'na$!(ara &e ne-n #(o #es#go. Es#a $!(ara #es#go se $'!nar c'an&o e$

crc'#o es# en es(era 7$as $!(aras &e $'!nac-n es#n a(aga&as8. En #an#oen#re $os ('n#os " * 4 se conec#a $a #ens-n &e re&.

Con#ro$ &e Te!(era#'ra con )))

Es#e crc'#o !an#en&r $a #e!(era#'ra &e $a a0#ac-n a 'n n/e$ agra&a0$e'e &e(en&e &e$ #er!s#or 7ress#enca 'e /ara s' /a$or &e ac'er&o a $a#e!(era#'ra8. S s'0e $a #e!(era#'ra !s r(&o gra e$ /en#$a&or. Ja* 'ec'&ar &e 'e $a #e!(era#'ra no #enga se!(re a$ /en#$a&or a$ !6!o. Es#o secon#ro$a /aran&o s es necesaro $a ress#enca &e 1.2 .


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E$ #e!(or%a&or es# conec#a&o co!o osc$a&or * a$ frec'enca 0ase eses#a0$ec&a (or $as 1 ress#encas &e "99 * e$ con&ensa&or &e 9.932 ?F

E$ #er!s#or a$ /arar e$ /a$or &e s' ress#enca &e(en&en&o &e $a #e!(era#'raa!0en#e /ara e$ /a$or &e$ n/e$ &e /o$#a5e 'e se a($ca a $a (a#$$a )7con#ro$8 &e$ ))).

Es#o ca'sa 'e $a frec'enca a $a 'e osc$a e$ #e!(or%a&or se !o&f'e &es' /a$or 0ase es#a0$ec&o.

La sa$&a &e es#e osc$a&or 7(a#$$a 4 &e$ )))8 es a($ca&a a 'n #ranss#or 'ea s' /e% !ane5a e$ (e'e@o !o#or e$c#rco &e /en#$a&or &e "1 Vo$#os.

1. Presen#e $os c$c'$os rea$%a&os (ara !($e!en#ar $os crc'#os as#a0$e *!onoes#a0$e &e es#a (rc#ca.

CIRCUITOS ASTABLES:

circi!o 1

En $a grafca !os#ra!os e$ /o$#a5e en e$ ca(ac#or * $a sa$&a &e$ !'$#/0ra&oras#a0$e:


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Ca$c'$an&o e$ #e!(o en a$#o 7T"8:

C'an&o e$ ca(ac#or se carga:

" i=" f +(" i−" f )e−t

#

Para: t =$ " f =" CC

t =0 " i=13

" CC

" i=" CC +(13 " CC −" CC )e−t

#

dode # =( R A+ RB) C

Para:t =T

1 " i=

2

3" CC

2

3 " CC =" CC +( 13 " CC −" CC )e

−T 1

#

T 1=# ln 2

T 1=( R A+ R B) C ln 2= (1 KΩ+150 KΩ ) (10 &F ) ln 2=1.04 s

Ca$c'$an&o e$ #e!(o en a$#o 7T18:

C'an&o e$ ca(ac#or se &escarga:

Para:t =$ " f ' =0



13/36


t =0 " i ' =2

3" CC

" i ' =0+(23 " CC −0)e−t

#

do%de # = RC

Para:t =T

2 " i ' =

1

3" CC

1

3 " CC =( 23 " CC )e

−T 2

#

T 2=# ln 2=T

2 R

B

C ln 2=(150 KΩ ) (10 &F ) ln 2=1.039 s

Ca$c'$an&o e$ cc$o &e #ra0a5o:

T =T 1+T

2=( R A+ RB ) C ln2+ R B C ln 2

T =( R A+2 RB ) C ln 2=2.079 s

Ca$c'$an&o $a frec'enca &e sa$&a:

f =1

T =

1

( R A+2 R B )C ln 2=

1.44

( R A+2 R B ) C =480.8mH(

circi!o

T 1=

( R A+

R B ) C ln 2=

(150

KΩ+33

KΩ ) (10

&F )ln2=1.27

s


T 2= R B C ln 2=(33 KΩ ) (10 &F ) ln2=228ms


T =T 1+T

2=( R A+ RB ) C ln2+ R B C ln 2

T =

( R A+2

RB ) C ln 2=1.49

s




14/36


f =1

T =

1

( R A+2 R B )C ln 2=

1.44

( R A+2 R B ) C =671mH(

circi!o /

T 1=( R A+ R B) C ln 2= (10 )Ω+1 )Ω ) (1 &F ) ln 2=7.62 s


T 2= RB C ln2=(1 )Ω ) (1 &F ) ln 2=0.693s


T =T 1+T

2=( R A+ RB ) C ln2+ R B C ln 2

T =( R A+2 R B) C ln 2=8.32 s


f =1

T =

1

( R A+2 R B )C ln 2=

1.44

( R A+2 R B ) C =120mH(

CIRCUITO MONOESTABLE:

circi!o 0

En $a grafca !os#ra!os e$ /o$#a5e en e$ #er!na$ &e &s(aro en e$ ca(ac#or * $asa$&a &e$ !'$#/0ra&or !onoes#a0$e:



15/36



" i=" f +

(" i−" f

)e−t

#

Para: t =$ " f =" CC

t =0 " i=0

" i=" CC + (0−" CC ) e−t

#

do%de # = RC

Para: t =T " i=

2

3" CC



16/36


2

3 " CC =" CC −" CC e

−T

#

T =# ln 3

T = RC ln 3=1.1 RC =1.1 (100 KΩ) (22 &F )=2.42 s


f =1

T =

1

RC ln 3=

0.91

RC =413mH(

circi!o


T = RC ln 3=1.1 RC =1.1 (10 )Ω ) (1 &F )=11s


f =1

T =

1

RC ln 3=

0.91

RC =90.9mH(



17/36


4. Ana$%ar $os res'$#a&os o0#en&os en $a (ar#e e6(er!en#a$. Co!(are $os/a$ores #e-rcos * $os o0#en&os e6(er!en#a$!en#e. Presen#ar #a0$as &e &a#osgrfcos e#c.

"8 Crc'#o MV. As#a0$e

VCC2V

R1134

R1534

R/

554

C15"-

C115-

1

0 LED1

VCC

/

U1

LMCN

GND

1

DIS7

OUT 3RST4

VCC

8

THR6

CON5

TRI2

XSC1

Te#ron6

" 1 4 3 T

G

P

5

Ca$c'$o Te-rco E6(er!en#o S!'$ac-n

T ".93 seg "."3 seg ".9; seg

TL ".94 seg ".9; seg ".9) segT# 1.92seg 1.11 seg 1."4 seg

F 3;9.; !J% 3)9 !J% 3,; !J%

Cc$o &e #ra0a5o )9 )" )9



18/36


• Ca!0an&o R"H")9< * R1H44<

VCC2V

R11534

R//34

R/

154

C15"-

C115-

0 LED1

VCC

/

U1

LMCN

GND

1

DIS7

OUT 3RST4

VCC

8

THR6

CON5

TRI2

XSC1

Te#ron6

" 1 4 3 T

G

P

5

1


T ".12 seg ".43 seg ".3, seg

TL 9.11; seg 9.14 seg 9.1,) seg

T# ".3 seg ".)2 seg ".21) segF ,2" !J% ,42 !J% )2 !J%

Cc$o &e #ra0a5o ;3., ;) ;3.,



19/36


18 Crc'#o as#a0$e: VccHK /o$#os.

VCC2V

R115M4

R1M4

R/

154

C15"-

C11-

1

0LED1

VCC

/

U1

LMCN

GND

1

DIS7

OUT 3RST4

VCC

8

THR6

CON5

TRI2

XSC1

Te#ron6

" 1 4 3 T

G

P

5

48 O0ser/ar $as carac#ers#cas &e sa$&a. Me&r $a frec'enca.


T 2.,1 seg ;.2 seg ;.3, seg

TL 9.,4 seg 9.,; seg 9.;; segT# ;.41 seg .4; seg .43 seg

F "19 !J% "9, !J% "92!J%

Cc$o &e #ra0a5o "., 1.2 9.)



20/36


38 Ree!($a%an&o R"H"9M< (or 'na ress#enca R"H"M


21/36


)8 Reconec#an&o e$ crc'#o con R" H R1 H "9< * C H 9."?F. Do&o en (ara$e$ocon R1 * 'n a$#a/o% &e ;< en sere con 'n con&ensa&or &e "9?F.

VCC2V

R11534

R1534

C15"-

C1155"-

0

U1

LMCN

GND

1

DIS7

OUT 3RST4

VCC

8

THR6

CON5

TRI2

XSC1

Te#ron6

" 1 4 3 T

G

P

C/

15-

/

VCC

5

XLV1

Input

D11B67

1

7

S!'$ac-nT 2;9 Qseg

TL 4., !seg

T# 3.32 !seg

F 114 !J%

Cc$o &e #ra0a5o "2



22/36


,8 Crc'#o MV. Monoes#a0$e. Usa!os 'n C" H 11 QF.

VCC7V

R115534

R1534

R/

1854

C1-

C1-

LED1

U1

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1

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OUT 3

RST4

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8

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0

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1

5

C'an&o e$ !onoes#a0$e se &s(ara con e$ s#c e$ LED se encen&e &'ran#e1.31 seg * $'ego se a(aga.


T 1.31 seg 1.); seg 1.,) seg

F 3"4 !J% 4;2 !J% 422 !J%



23/36


Jacen&o 'e e$ Le& se encen&a &'ran#e " Mn'#o * )9 seg'n&os 'san&o 'naress#enca &e "Mo! * 'n con&ensa&or &e "99'F.

T =1.1 R1

C 1

T =1.1(1 x106 ) (100 x 10−6 )=110seg

VCC7V

R11M4

R1534 R/

1854

C1-

C1155-

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Ca$c'$o Te-rco S!'$ac-n

T ""9 seg "11 seg



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F .9 !J% ;."; !J%

28 Conec#an&o e$ crc'#o !onoes#a0$e

VCC7V

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;8 O0ser/ar e$ LED en $a sa$&a. Me&r V4

" 3=0"

E$ LED no se encen&er as#a conec#ar e$ #er!na$ 1.



25/36


8 Conec#an&o !o!en#nea!en#e e$ #er!na$ &e &s(aro a #erra * &esconc#e$o

V4 H ".,,V

Verfca!os conec#an&o e$ &o&o en (ara$e$o:



26/36


VCC7V

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T =11.5seg

""8Ca$c'$an&o con $os /a$ores &e $os co!(onen#es $a &'rac-n &e$ ('$so &esa$&a.

T =1.1 R1

C 1



27/36


T =1.1(10 x 106 ) (10−6 )=11seg

"18Co!(aran&o $os /a$ores ca$c'$a&os * !e&&os &e $os ('$sos &e sa$&a.


T "" seg "".) seg "" seg

F 9. !J% ;,. !J% 9. !J%

"48Verfcan&o e$ 'so &e$ #er!na$ &e res#a0$ec!en#o.



28/36


VCC7V

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"38Ree!($a%an&o $a ress#enca &e "9M< (or 'na ress#enca &e "M


29/36


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F 9 !J% 2"3 !J% 99 !J%

Rese# f'ncona f'ncona

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T =1.1 R1

C 1



30/36


T =1.1(10 x 103 ) (0.1 x 10−6 )=1.1seg

VCC

7V

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V4 ".," V ".,; V

T "." !seg Dfc$ &e a(recar 7!seg8 Dfc$ &e a(recar 7!seg8

F 9 J%

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Con e$ CI 23LS"1" !($e!en#a!os e$ crc'#o &e#ec#or &e se@a$ &e &s(aro &e!a*or #e!(or%ac-n 'e e$ #e!(o &e se@a$ as#a0$e.



31/36


O0ser/a!os 'e (ara RH")< * CH"QF e$ (ero&o &e $a se@a$ as#a0$e &e0eser a(ro6!a&a!en#e "9 !s



32/36


Se@a$ &e &s(aro Se@a$ as#a0$e Sa$&a

O0ser/a!os 'e c'an&o $a se@a$ &e &s(aro es !a*or a $a se@a$ as#a0$e e$crc'#o e!#e 'n ('$so con &'rac-n g'a$ a $a &ferenca &e $as &os se@a$es!encona&as T H "9." !s.

Aora !($e!en#a!os e$ genera&or &e !('$sos &es($a%a&os con &os!'$#/0ra&ores !onoes#a0$es 23"1".



33/36


De ac'er&o a $os /a$ores &e $as ress#encas * ca(ac#ores $a &'rac-n &e $os!('$sos &e0en ser &e "9 !s * 4.) !s &e ac'er&o a $a grafca an#eror.

Se@a$ &e &s(aro S" S1



34/36


O0ser/a!os 'e a$ &s(arar $a se@a$ se (ro&'ces &os !('$sos 7S" * S18&es($a%a&os en e$ #e!(o con #e!(os &e &'rac-n &e "9.3!s * 4.33 !sres(ec#/a!en#e.

3. Ana$%ar e$ f'ncona!en#o n#erno &e$ CI. LM)), 7o 23"11 o 23"148 co!o#e!(or%a&or. Ca$c'$ar * &0'5ar e$ crc'#o &e 'n !onoes#a0$e 'e genere 'n('$so &e sa$&a con 'n #e!(o &e &'rac-n &e " seg'n&o.

CI LM7

Es#e n#egra&o con#ene en s' n#eror &os ))) #o#a$!en#e n&e(en&en#es en#res &e !o&o 'e res(e#an&o $as (a##as 'e corres(on&en a $as en#ra&as * $asa$&a &e ca&a 'no &e e$$os se ('e&e rea$%ar e$ crc'#o * o0#ener $os !s!osres'$#a&os.

Genera$!en#e es#a es 'na so$'c-n 'e se e!($ea c'an&o e$ es(aco&s(on0$e en e$ crc'#o !(reso es re&'c&o * no &a $'gar a $a co$ocac-n &e&os ))) (or'e en &efn#/a e$ cos#o ser (rc#ca!en#e e$ !s!o * $a

can#&a& &e co!(onen#es a '#$%ar #a!0n.Es#o nos &ce 'e se!(re 'e sea (os0$e es !e5or 'sar &os ))) 'e 'no so$o)), * 'na ra%-n &e (eso (ara es#a ase/erac-n es 'e en caso &e 'e 'no &ee$$os se 'e!e o s'fra a$gXn &e#eroro se ree!($a%a s#e so$a!en#e !en#ras'e s f'era 'n )), a0r 'e ca!0ar $os &os.

En $a fg'ra e!os rea$%a&o e$ es'e!a n#erno &e 'n n#egra&o )), &on&e seo0ser/an $as &s#n#as e#a(as 'e co!(onen a $os &os ))) 'e con#ene co!oas #a!0n $a &en#fcac-n &e s's (a##as * $a f'nc-n 'e c'!($en. No#e 'e$a !#a& $a#era$ &e es#e n#egra&o corres(on&e a 'n ))) co!($e#o * $a o#ra!#a& a$ o#ro

Mo"o$s!')*$ %$ 1s:

Usan&o $a for!'$a a$$a&a an#eror!en#e * '#$%an&o 'na ress#enca &e 32


35/36


C =19.3 &F

VII. CONCLUSIONES

E$ ))) #ene &os es#a&os (os0$es &e o(erac-n * &e !e!ora. Es#n

&e#er!na&os #an#o (or $a en#ra&a &e &s(aro #er!na$ 1 co!o (or $a en#ra&a&e '!0ra$ #er!na$ ,.

La #er!na$ &e res#a0$ec!en#o #er!na$ 3 (er!#e &esa0$#ar e$ ))) *

con#ro$a a $a se@a$ &e co!an&o en $a en#ra&a &e$ &s(aro.

en e$ f'ncona!en#o as#a0$e Los #e!(os &e &'rac-n &e(en&en &e $os/a$ores &e $as ress#ores: R" * R1 * &e$ ca(ac#or .

e$ f'ncona!en#o as#a0$e &e$ #e!(or%a&or ))) se carac#er%a (or 'na sa$&a

con for!a &e on&a c'a&ra&a 7o rec#ang'$ar8 con#n'a &e anco (re&efn&o(or e$ &se@a&or &e$ crc'#o.

en e$ f'ncona!en#o !onoes#a0$e e$ #e!(o &e &'rac-n &e(en&e &e $os

/a$ores &e$ ress#or R * &e$ ca(ac#or C.

VIII. BIBLIO;RA-IA.

SITEMAS DI;ITALES &ri"ci&ios y '&*ic'cio"$s RONALD J. TOCCI>>."icro(.co(=!!?(*!i+i)r'%or?'s!')*$?.'s&


http://www.unicrom.com/Tut_resistencia.asphttp://www.unicrom.com/Tut_condensador.asphttp://www.unicrom.com/Tut_condensador.asphttp://www.unicrom.com/tut_multivibrador_astable_555.asphttp://www.unicrom.com/Tut_resistencia.asphttp://www.unicrom.com/Tut_condensador.asphttp://www.unicrom.com/Tut_condensador.asphttp://www.unicrom.com/tut_multivibrador_astable_555.asp


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>>."icro(.co(=T!?!$(&ori@'%or$s?i"!$#r'%os.'s&>>.'s!$ri$*$c!ro"ic'.co(=A!o('!ico?&'r'?*c$s?%$?&'si**o?o?$sc'*$r'.
http://www.unicrom.com/Tut_temporizadores_integrados.asphttp://usuarios.multimania.es/jcarloscg/control_de_temperatura_ambiente.htmhttp://usuarios.multimania.es/jcarloscg/control_de_temperatura_ambiente.htmhttp://www.asterixelectronica.com/Automatico_para_luces_de_pasillo_o_escalera.html%C3%A7http://www.asterixelectronica.com/Automatico_para_luces_de_pasillo_o_escalera.html%C3%A7http://roble.pntic.mec.es/jsalinas/circuitos-electronicos-practicos.pdfhttp://www.unicrom.com/Tut_temporizadores_integrados.asphttp://usuarios.multimania.es/jcarloscg/control_de_temperatura_ambiente.htmhttp://usuarios.multimania.es/jcarloscg/control_de_temperatura_ambiente.htmhttp://www.asterixelectronica.com/Automatico_para_luces_de_pasillo_o_escalera.html%C3%A7http://www.asterixelectronica.com/Automatico_para_luces_de_pasillo_o_escalera.html%C3%A7http://roble.pntic.mec.es/jsalinas/circuitos-electronicos-practicos.pdf

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