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HEALTH STATISTICS OF KOREAJ Korean Med Assoc 2017 July; 60(7):588-597
pISSN 1975-8456 / eISSN 2093-5951
https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2017.60.7.588
588 대한의사협회지
Introduction
Statistics Korea has published infant, maternal, and
perinatal mortality statistics to increase the exactness
of death statistics and to provide basic data supporting
maternal and child health policies. These data can be
used as basic information for comparative health indices
2014 년도 영아사망, 모성사망, 출생전후기사망통계통계청 인구동향과1*·신 현 영2*·이 지 연1·송 주 화1·이 석 민1·이 정 훈1·임 병 선1·김 혜 란1·허 선3 | 1통계청 인구동향과, 2서남
대학교 의과대학 명지병원 가정의학과, 3한림대학교 의과대학 기생충학교실 및 의학교육연구소
Infant, maternal, and perinatal mortality statistics in the Republic of Korea, 2014Vital Statistics Division, Statistics Korea1* · Hyun-Young Shin, MD2* · Ji-Youn Lee, PhD1 · Juhwa Song, BSc1 · Seokmin Lee, BSc1 · Junghun Lee, BSc1 · Byeongsun Lim, MSc1 · Heyran Kim, BSc1 · Sun Huh, MD3
1Vital Statistics Division, Statistics Korea, Deajeon; 2Department of Family Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Seonam University College of Medicine, Goyang; 3Department of Parasitology and Institute of Medical Education, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
Received: May 20, 2017 Accepted: June 10, 2017
Corresponding author: Sun Huh E-mail: [email protected]
*These two authors contributed equally to this study.
© Korean Medical Association This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This study aimed to analyze infant, maternal, perinatal, and fetal mortality statistics in the Republic of Korea (Korea),
2014. It was based on the open-access data available from the Statistics Korea website (http://kostat.go.kr/portal/
eng/index.action). Recent trends in these vital statistics were also examined. The results of this study constitute a
descriptive presentation and analysis of the national data. The number of infant deaths was 1,305 out of 435,435
live births in 2014, and the infant mortality rate was 3.0. The number of maternal deaths was 48. The maternal
mortality ratio per 100,000 live births was 11.0. The maternal mortality ratio per 100,000 women of child-bearing
age (15 to 49 years old) was 0.37. The number of perinatal deaths was 1,365, and the perinatal mortality rate was
3.1. The number of fetal deaths was 5,317. The fetal mortality rate was 12.1. The trends in those vital statistics
in recent years were consistent except for a few findings, including a decrease in the maternal mortality ratio of
pregnant women 40 years old and older and a change in the proportions of the causes of infant death, with
a decrease in mortality due to neonatal respiratory distress and an increase in mortality due to bacterial sepsis.
Although these vital statistics were generally consistent, some aspects varied by year. Pregnant women less than
20 years old should be monitored more intensively for their babies’ health. Our findings can serve as basic data
supporting the establishment of health policies by the Korean government.
Key Words: Cause of death; Fetal mortality; Infant mortality; Maternal mortality; Perinatal mortality
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Shin HY et al.·Infant, maternal, fetal, and perinatal mortality statistics
across countries and for research into risk factors for
dangerous deliveries. They were provided through the
Korea Statistical Information Services (http://kosis.kr/
eng/) and the Microdata Integrated Service (https://
mdis.kostat.go.kr/index.do). The purpose of this
article is to summarize these statistical data and to
present current characteristics and trends in the infant,
maternal, fetal, and perinatal mortality rates.
Methods
1. Data collection
Infant, maternal, and perinatal mortality statistics
were produced based on the following data: death
certificates according to Act on the Registration, etc. of
Family Relationships [1]; reports of infant deaths from
crematoriums and fetal death certificates according to the
Act on Funeral Services, etc. [2]; and a supplementary
survey for infant, maternal, and fetal deaths. There
was a possibility of omitting infant death notices;
therefore, reports from crematoriums concerning infant
deaths were added to minimize possible omissions. The
supplementary survey for infant, maternal, and fetal
death was conducted to obtain additional information
such as antenatal care-related variables and the Apgar
score,in addition to the items contained on the death
certificates for infant, maternal, and fetal deaths. The
analysis extended from January 1, 2014 to December 31,
2014.
2. Classification of causes of death
The underlying causes of death described in the death
certificates according to the International Classification
of Diseases (ICD) by the World Health Organization
were first selected [3]. The results were also classified
according to the Korea Classification of Diseases [4].
In order to make an accurate cause of death statistics,
other related data were utilized from the National
Health Insurance Service of Korea, National Cancer
Center of Korea, National Forensic Service of Korea,
Korea National Police Agency, and Korea Centers for
Diseases Control and Prevention. In the statistical
tables, maternal deaths were classified based on general
mortality-condensed list (103 items), while infant,
perinatal, and fetal deaths were classified based on the
Infant and Child Death Summarized Classification (67
items) (Supplementary Table 1).
3. Definition of terms used in this article
•Infant death: A live birth with death occurring
within the first year (365 days)
•Infant mortality rate: The number of infant deaths
within 1 year (365 days) after birth that occur for every
1,000 live births in a given year
•Neonatal death: A live birth that results in death
within 28 days
•Neonatal mortality rate: Number of neonatal deaths
within 28 days after birth that occur for every 1,000 live
births in a given year
•Maternal death: The death of a woman while preg-
nant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy,
irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy,
from any cause related to or aggravated by the
pregnancy or its management, but not from accidental
or incidental causes (http://www.who.int/healthinfo/
statistics/indmaternalmortality/en/)
•Direct obstetric death: Deaths resulting from
obstetric complications of the pregnancy (pregnancy,
labor, and puerperium), from interventions, omissions,
incorrect treatment, or from a chain of events resulting
from any of the above (ICD-10)
590 대한의사협회지
J Korean Med Assoc 2017 July; 60(7):588-597
•Indirect obstetric death: Deaths resulting from
previous existing disease or disease that developed
during pregnancy, which were not due to direct obstetric
causes, but which were aggravated by the physiologic
effects of pregnancy
•Maternal mortality ratio: The number of deaths of
women while pregnant or within 42 days of termination
of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of
the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated
by the pregnancy or its management per 100,000 live
births in a given year
•Maternal mortality rate: The number of deaths of
women while pregnant or within 42 days of termination
of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the
pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by
the pregnancy or its management per 100,000 women
of child-bearing years (15 to 49 years old) in a given
year
•Lifetime risk of maternal death: The probability
that a 15-year-old woman will eventually die from
a maternal cause. It is calculated by multiplying the
maternal mortality ratio in a given year by the total
fertility rate of 1.2.
•Total fertility rate:The number of children who
would be born per woman if she were to pass through
the child-bearing years (15 to 49 years old) bearing
children according to the current schedule of age-
specific fertility rates
•Perinatal death: This category includes infant
deaths that occur at less than 7 days of age and fetal
deaths with a stated or presumed period of gestation
of 28 weeks or more. The term is used in this study
in accordance with the definition of the United Nations
and Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development [5,6]; however, the definition by World
Health Organization according to which perinatal death
occurs at less than 7 days of age and fetal death occurs
with a stated or presumed period of gestation of 22
weeks or more also can be calculated from the present
data [7].
•Perinatal mortality rate: The number of infant
deaths that occur at less than 7 days of age and fetal
deaths with a stated or presumed period of gestation of
28 weeks or more that occur for every 1,000 live births
in a given year
•Fetal death: Deaths before the complete expulsion
or extraction from the mother of a product of human
conception during the duration of pregnancy, that is not
an induced termination of pregnancy (in this article, the
duration of pregnancy is defined as a gestational age of
16 weeks or more)
•Fetal mortality rate: The number of fetal deaths
that occur for every 1,000 live births and fetal deaths
in a given year
Results
1. Infant deaths
The number of infant deaths in 2014 was 1,305 out
of 435,435 live births; therefore, the infant mortality
rate (per 1,000 live births) was 3.0 (Supplementary
Table 1). Figure 1 shows the number of live birth and
the infant mortality rate from 2004 to 2014. There
was a continuous decrease in the infant mortality rate,
from 4.7 in 2004 to 3.0 in 2014. The number of male
infant deaths was 715 and that of female infants was
590. The infant mortality rate of males was 3.2 and
that of females was 2.8. According to age at death, the
number of deaths during the early neonatal period (less
than 7 days) was 468 (35.9%), the number of deaths
during the late neonatal period (between 7 days and
영아사망, 모성사망, 출생전후기사망 통계 591
Shin HY et al.·Infant, maternal, fetal, and perinatal mortality statistics
27 days) was 275 (21.1%), and the number of infant
deaths in the post-neonatal period (28 days and over)
was 562 (43.1%) (Supplementary Table 2). According
to gestational age, the number of premature infant
deaths among the preterm infants was 785 (60.2%).
There were 520 deaths (39.8%)
among term infants (37 weeks and
over) (Supplementary Table 3). The
infant mortality rate according to
maternal age was 9.8 for mothers
younger than 20 years old, and
5.9 for mothers 40 years of age
or older (Supplementary Table 4).
According to birth weight, 775 infant
deaths (59.4%) occurred among low-
birth-weight infants (less than 2.5
kg), while 530 (40.6%) took place
among those with a birth weight of
2.5 kg. The infant mortality rates
among low-birth-weight infants
were 31.9, 32.5, and 31.2 in 2012
to 2014. The corresponding rate for
infants with a birth weight of 2.5 kg
or more from 2012 to 2014 was 1.3
in all years (Supplementary Table 5).
The causes of death are classified in
Table 1. The most common causes
of death were respiratory distress
of the newborn (214), congenital
malformations of the heart (100),
bacterial sepsis (87), and sudden
infant death syndrome (80).
2. Maternal deaths
The number of maternal deaths
was 48 in 2014. The maternal
mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) was 11.0.
The maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 women
of childbearing years [15 to 49 years old]) was 0.37
(Supplementary Table 6). The lifetime risk of maternal
death was 1/6,274. The proportion of maternity
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
No.
of
live
birt
hs
Infa
nt n
orm
alit
y ra
te
Year
No. of live births
Infant mortality rate
Figure 1. Number of live births and infant mortality rate from 2004 to 2014, Republic of Korea
Table 1. Number of infant deaths according to cause of death and the distribution ratio from 2012 to 2014
Cause of death 2012 2013 2014
Total 1,405 1,305 1,305
Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period
758 (54.0) 683 (52.3) 690 (52.9)
Disorders related to length of gestation and
fetal growth
27 (1.9) 31 (2.4) 30 (2.3)
Respiratory distress of newborn
311 (22.1) 213 (16.3) 214 (16.4)
Bacterial sepsis of newborn
66 (4.7) 87 (6.7) 87 (6.7)
Congenital malformations, deformations and
chromosomal abnormalities
274 (19.5) 271 (20.8) 286 (21.9)
Congenital malformations of the heart
100 (7.1) 98 (7.5) 100 (7.7)
Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory
findings, not elsewhere classified
175 (12.5) 176 (13.5) 172 (13.2)
Sudden infant death syndrome
99(7.0) 88 (6.7) 80 (6.1)
Adding a drug of another class 77 (5.5) 61(4.7) 52 (4.0)
Other causes of death 121 (8.6) 114 (8.7) 105 (8.0)
Values are presented as number of infant deaths (%).
592 대한의사협회지
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among women aged over 35 years old was 21.6% in
2014 (Supplementary Table 6). The average age of
delivery was 32.0 years old. Usually, the maternal
mortality ratio increases as maternal age increases;
however, in 2014, the maternal mortality ratio among
women 40 years of age and older decreased (Figure 2,
Supplementary Table 7).
Maternal deaths according to the death period
were distributed as follows: 5 deaths occurred before
delivery, 31 deaths were postpartum,and 12 were
unknown. Of the postpartum deaths, 14 occurred
from 0 to 1 day postpartum, 9 occurred 2-7 days
postpartum, 1 occurred 8 to 14 days postpartum, and
7 occurred 15 to 42 days postpartum (Supplementary
Table 8). The pregnancies involved in cases of
maternal death resulted in 31 live births, 8 abortions
or fetal deaths, 5 pregnant deaths, and 4 undefined
cases (Supplementary Table 9). The causes of maternal
death are presented in Table 2.
3. Perinatal deaths
The number of perinatal deaths according to
definition I (infant deaths under the age of 7 days and
fetal deaths at 28 weeks of gestation or more) in 2014
was 1,365 and the perinatal mortality rate was 3.1.
The number of perinatal deaths according to definition
II (infant deaths under the age of 7 days and fetal
deaths at 22 weeks of gestation or more) was 2,630,
and the corresponding rate was 6.0 (Supplementary
Table 10). The number of deaths in males was 618,
while 577 deaths occurred in females, and the sex
was unidentified in 170 deaths (Supplementary Table
11). Perinatal deaths according to gestational age are
presented in Figure 3 and Supplementary Table 12.
Perinatal deaths according to maternal age are shown
in Table 3. The high proportion of perinatal deaths
in mothers aged 30 to 34 years old is due tothe high
proportion of deliveries within that age group. The
Table 2. Number of maternal deaths and the distribution ratio according to cause of death in 2014, Republic of Korea
Cause of death 2012 2013 2014
Total 48 (100) 50 (100) 48 (100)
Direct obstetric deaths 31 (64.4) 38 (76.0) 39 (81.3)
Proteinuria and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy
4 (8.3) 2 (4.0) 4 (8.3)
Abnormality of forces of labor, unspecified
2 (4.2) 4 (8.0) 7 (14.6)
Postpartum hemorrhage 4 (8.3) 5 (10.0) 10 (20.8)
Obstetricembolism 14 (29.2) 11 (22.0) 11 (22.9)
Indirect obstetric deaths 17 (35.4) 12 (24.0) 9 (18.8)
Values are presented as material deaths (%).
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
<25 25-29 30-34 35-39 40
Mat
erna
l mor
talit
y ra
tio
Age of pregnant women (yr)
2012
2013
2014
Figure 2. Maternal mortality ratio by maternal age from 2012 to 2014, Repub-lic of Korea.
Less Than 28 weeks (16%)
28-31 Weeks (27%)
32-36 Weeks (28%)
37 Weeks and more (29%)
Figure 3. Perinatal deaths according to gestational age in 2014, Republic of Korea.
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Shin HY et al.·Infant, maternal, fetal, and perinatal mortality statistics
perinatal mortality rate according
to birth weight from 2012 to
2014 is presented in Figure 4
and Supplementary Table 13.
Perinatal deaths by cause of death
from 2012 to 2014 are presented
in Supplementary Table 14. Peri-
natal deathsby cause of death and
gestational age are presented in
Table 4.
4. Fetal deaths
The number of fetal deaths (after the gestational age
of 16 weeks) was 5,317, that after the gestational age
of 22 weeks was 2,162, and that after 28 weeks was
897. The fetal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) was
12.1; that after the gestational age of 22 weeks was
4.9; and that after 28 weeks was 2.1 (Supplementary
Table 15). Of the 5,317 deaths, 1,928 were in males and
1,506 were in females, while the sex was unknown sex
in 1,983 deaths (Supplementary
Table 16). According to gestational
age, 3,155 deaths occurred from
16 to 21 weeks, 1,265 from 22 to
27 weeks, and 897 at 28 weeks
and more (Supplementary Table
17). Fetal deaths according to
maternal age are presented in
Figure 5. The largest proportion
was found among mothers aged
between 30 and 34 years old
because this group accounted
for the most deliveries. The fetal
mortality rate was the highest
among mothers younger than
20 (Supplementary Table 18).
Table 3. Perinatal deaths and perinatal mortality rate according to maternal age
Maternal age (yr)Perinatal deaths Perinatal mortality rate
2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014
Total 1,521 1,429 1,365 3.1 3.3 3.1
<20 33 37 30 4.1 12.9 11.7
20-24 106 91 85 2.7 4.1 4.0
25-29 340 274 247 2.8 2.7 2.6
30-34 669 624 603 4.2 2.8 2.7
35-39 281 327 312 3.6 4.2 3.8
≥40 91 74 86 7.8 6.7 7.2
Unknown 1 2 2 - - -
0
50
100
150
200
250
<1.5 1.5 - 2.0 2.0 -2.5 > 2.5
Peri
nata
l mor
talit
y ra
te
Birth weight (kg)
Figure 4. Perinatal mortality rate according to birth weight in 2014, Republic of Korea.
Table 4. Number of perinatal deaths according to cause of death and gestational period
Cause of deathTotal
Fetal deaths after gestational age 28
weeks
Deaths from birth to less than 7 days
postpartum
No. of deaths
Distribution ratio (%)
No. of deaths
Distribution ratio (%)
No. of deaths
Distribution ratio (%)
Total 1,365 100.0 897 100.0 468 100.0
Certain conditions originating in the
perinatal period
1,185 86.8 837 93.3 348 74.4
Respiratory distress of
newborn
145 10.6 0 0.0 145 31.0
Fetal death of unspecified
cause
794 58.2 794 88.5 0 0.0
Congenital malformations,
deformations and chromosomal abnormalities
134 9.8 59 6.5 75 16.0
Congenital malformations
of the heart
27 2.0 12 1.3 15 3.2
Other causes of death
46 3.4 1 0.1 45 9.6
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According to birth weight, 3,501 deaths occurred in
fetus with a birth weight below 1.5 kg, 127 in fetuses
with a birth weight from 1.5 to 2.0 kg, 112 in fetuses
with a birth weight from 2.0 to 2.5 kg, 249 in fetuses
with a birth weight of 2.5 kg or more, and the weight of
1,328 fetuses was not identified (Supplementary Table
19). The causes of fetal death are presented in Table 5.
The most common cause was “condition originating in
the perinatal period, unspecified.” Recent trends in the
causes of fetal death are presented in Supplementary
Table 20.
Discussion
1. Infant deaths
The infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births),which
was 3.0, was the same as the rate in 2013 (3.0) and
similar to that in 2012 (2.9). The infant mortality rate
has continu-ously decreased from 4.7 in 2004 to 3.0
in 2014 (Figure 1). Regarding the
causes of death, respiratory distress
decreased from 22.1% in 2012 to
16.4% in 2014, while bac-terial
sepsis increased from 4.7% to 6.7%.
Sudden infant death syndrome
decreased from 7.0% to 6.1% (Table
1). The decrease in the absolute
number of infant deaths and the
change in the proportions of the
causes of death indicate that care for
respiratory distress for infants has
improved dramatically in hospitals.
The increase of bacterial sepsis as
a cause of death corresponds to an
increase in the immunocompromised
status of the infants who suffered from infections.
It may still be difficult to treat infantile sepsis with
favorable results. Although there was a higher infant
mortality rate in mothers on each end of the age range,
with a rate of 9.8 in mothers younger than 20 years old
and 5.9 in those 40 and older, the contributions of these
groups to overall infant mortality, 1.9% and 5.4%, were
still low. The 24 times higher mortality rate in low-
birth-weight babies in comparison to those weighing
Table 5. Fetal mortality rate according to maternal age in 2014, Republic of Korea.
Cause of deathNo. of infant deaths (%)
Total 16-21 wk 22-27 wk ≥28 wk
Total 5,317 (100) 3,155 (100) 1,265 (100) 897 (100)
Certain conditions originating in the
perinatal period
4,782 (89.9) 2,810 (89.1) 1,135 (89.7) 837 (93.3)
Fetal death of unspecified cause
4,534 (85.3) 2,651 (84.0) 1.089 (86.1) 794 (88.5)
Congenital malformations, deformations and
chromosomal abnormalities
528 (9.9) 341 (10.8) 128 (10.1) 59 (6.6)
Congenital malformations of
the heart
53 (1.0) 13 (0.4) 28 (2.2) 12 (1.3)
Chromosomal abnormalities, not
elsewhere classified including Down syndrome
183 (3 .4) 151 (4.8) 19 (1.5) 13 (1.4)
Other causes of death 7 (0.1) 4 (0.1) 2 (0.2) 1 (01.)
Values are presented as number of infant deaths (%).
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
<20 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40
Feta
mor
talit
y ra
te
Maternal age (yr)
Figure 5. Fetal mortality rate according to maternal age in 2014, Republic of Korea.
영아사망, 모성사망, 출생전후기사망 통계 595
Shin HY et al.·Infant, maternal, fetal, and perinatal mortality statistics
2.5 kg or more shows that low birth weight was the
most important risk factor for infant death.
2. Maternal deaths
In contrast to the higher infant mortality in mothers
younger than 25 years old, the maternal mortality ratio
of the same age group was low, at 4 out of 100,000 live
births (Figure 2). It increased continuously according to
age in 2012 and 2013; however, there was a decrease
in the maternal mortality ratio among the age group of
40 or older, to 18.1 in 2014 from 54.4 in 2013. This is
difficult to explain, but may be the result of the good
obstetrical care provided to mothers in that age group
or the result of the small number of maternal deaths,
with 48 deaths recorded in 2014. Obstetrical embolism
(11) and postpartum hemorrhage (10) were the most
common causes of maternal death. The pre-term
monitoring of risk for embolism and hemorrhage should
be enforced to prevent maternal deaths.
3. Perinatal deaths
The perinatal mortality rate was 3.1 in 2012, 3.3
in 2013, and 3.1 in 2014 (Table 3). The perinatal
mortality rate was highest in mothers younger than 20
(Table 3). This phenomenon was the same as observed
for the infant mortality rate. The perinatal mortality
rate of babies less than 1.5 kg was 194.5 in 2014;
while that of babies weighing 2.5 kg and more was
0.9. Therefore, birth weight is the most important risk
factor for perinatal mortality (Figure 4). Respiratory
distress of the newborn and congenital malformation
of the heart were the major causes of death (Table
4). Regarding risk factorsfor perinatal mortality, fetal
growth restriction is known to be a major cause of
increased perinatal mortality in post-term pregnancies
in Korea,as those with a birth weight percentile less
than 10% showed increased perinatal mortality rates at
42 weeks of gestation [8]. In a tertiaryreferral hospital
from 2005 to 2013, fetal hydrops cases occurred in 24.
4 per 10,000 deliveries, and the perinatal mortality of
these cases was 26 out of 42 cases (62.9%) [9]. These
are cases in which a congenital malformation caused
perinatal death.
4. Fetal deaths
The fetal mortality rate during the gestational age
range of 16 to 21 weeks was 991.8; while the rate
for the gestational age range of 28 weeks and more
was 2.1 (Figure 5). The cause of death of a “condition
originating in the perinatal period, unspecified”
accounted for the largest proportion (85.3%). “Downʼs
syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities”
were the next important cause of death (3.4%). The
strength and importance of the above data lie in the
fact that this is one of the most comprehensive and
accurate datasets on infant, maternal, and perinatal
mortality statistics in the world. The staff of Statistics
Korea not only referred to death registration data
and the reports of crematoriums of infant and fetal
deaths, but also utilized as upplementary survey for
infant, maternal and fetal deaths.Therefore, the data
presented in this study can be used to help prevent
infant and maternal deaths based on accurate
information. Preventing infant and maternal deaths
is not easy, although Korea has an excellent medical
health system as the maternal age becomes older.
More intensive antepartum pregnancy care with
appropriate screening for risk factors will reduce
maternal and infant deaths. Additionally, pregnant
women younger than 20 years old should receivemore
intensive care to prevent fetal deaths. In the United
States of America, the fetal mortality rate in 2013 in
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unmarried women was found to be 1.5 times higher
than the rate in married women [10]. It is possible
to analyze marriage status through the Microdata
Integrated Service. In Korea, the same phenomenon
for unmarried women is expected. The fetal death
rate in women younger than 20 years old was 82.4.
A number of fetal deaths among mothers in this
age group are believed to be due to the improper
pregnancy carereceived by unmarried women. This
proposal should be verified through further analysis.
Conclusion
The infant, perinatal, maternal, and fetal death
rates have been consistent in recent years in Korea.
The maternal mortality ratio of pregnant women 40
years of age and older in 2014 decreased dramatically
from that observed in 2013; however, this may simply
reflect the small number of deaths (48). Therefore,
continuous follow-up should be conducted. To prevent
fetal deaths in women younger than 20 years old,
specific prevention strategies should be considered.
Acknowledgement
Data collection and the analysis of the raw data were
done as a part of budget of the Korean government.
Supplementary Materials
Supplementary materials are available from Harvard
Dataverse (https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/BYTHNK).
Supplementary Table 1. Infant deaths, infant mortality
rates, and trends in live births, 2012 to 2014, Republic
of Korea
Supplementary Table 2. Infant deaths, percentages, and
infant mortality rates by sex and duration of life, 2012
to 2014, Republic of Korea
Supplementary Table 3. Infant deaths, percentages, and
infant mortality rates by gestation period, 2012 to
2014, Republic of Korea
Supplementary Table 4. Infant deaths, percentages, and
infant mortality rates by maternal age, 2012 to 2014,
Republic of Korea
Supplementary Table 5. Infant deaths, percentages, and
infant mortality rates by birth weight, 2012 to 2014,
Republic of Korea
Supplementary Table 6. Maternal deaths, maternal
mortality ratio, maternal mortality rate, lifetime risk of
maternal deaths, and the number of live births, 2012
to 2014, Republic of Korea
Supplementary Table 7. Maternal deaths, maternal
mortality ratio, and percentage by age, mean values
for the period of 2012 to 2014, Republic of Korea
Supplementary Table 8. Maternal deaths and per-
centages by death period, 2012 to 2014, Republic of
Korea
Supplementary Table 9. Maternal deaths and per-
centages by pregnancy outcomes, 2012 to 2014,
Republic of Korea
Supplementary Table 10. Perinatal deaths and mortality
rate, 2012 to 2014, Republic of Korea
Supplementary Table 11. Perinatal deaths, percentage,
and mortality rate by sex, 2012 to 2014, Republic of
Korea
Supplementary Table 12. Perinatal deaths, component
ratio, and mortality rate by gestation period, 2012 to
2014, Republic of Korea
Supplementary Table 13. Perinatal deaths and percent-
age by birth weight, 2012 to 2014, Republic of Korea
영아사망, 모성사망, 출생전후기사망 통계 597
Shin HY et al.·Infant, maternal, fetal, and perinatal mortality statistics
Supplementary Table 14. Perinatal deaths and percent-
ages by main category of causes of death, 2012 to
2014, Republic of Korea
Supplementary Table 15. Fetal deaths, fetal mortality
rate, and trend of the number of total births, 2012 to
2014, Republic of Korea
Supplementary Table 16. Fetal deaths and percentages by
sex, 2012 to 2014, Republic of Korea
Supplementary Table 17. Fetal deaths and percentages by
gestational age, 2012 to 2014, Republic of Korea
Supplementary Table 18. Fetal deaths and percentages by
maternal age, 2012 to 2014, Republic of Korea
Supplementary Table 19. Fetal deaths and percentages by
birth weight, 2012 to 2014, Republic of Korea
Supplementary Table 20. Fetal deaths and percentages by
death cause, 2012 to 2014, Republic of Korea
찾아보기말: 사망원인; 태아사망; 영아사망; 모성사망; 주산기
사망
ORCIDHyun-Young Shin, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-3365
Ji-Youn Lee, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5718-060X
Juhwa Song, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6218-5026
Seokmin Lee, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6642-2677
Junghun Lee, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2625-0775
Byeongsun Lim, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5900-5517
Heyran Kim, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9609-4766
Sun Huh, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8559-8640
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5. Barfield WD. Standard terminology for fetal, infant, and peri-natal deaths. AM Acad Pediatr 2011;128:177-181.
6. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Perinatal mortality [Internet]. Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; 2007 [cited 2017 Apr 11]. Avail-able from: https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=2038.
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Peer Reviewers’ Commentary
Death statistics are the most basic statistical information, which is important in determining health status and has a very important impact on health policy formulation. I am very fortunate to have the statistics for the newborn, maternity and perinatal deaths since the 2014 general mortality statistics were published in the March 2016 issue. According to the paper, the maternal and infant-related mortality statistics for 2014 are very good and can be confirmed to be improving continuously. I would like to be able to take a look at the statistics related to death in Korea in a multifaceted way after similar analysis is done in the future.
[Editorial comment]