El nuevo concepto de puerto en la era intermodal. Global Maritime Hubs.

SPACEEnvironmentEngineeringTechnologyPlanningPolicyHistorySociologyDemographyEconomicsMathematicsComputer scienceDimensions of Transport Geography

Base naval cartaginesa, 250 a.C.

The Silk Road and Arab Sea Routes (8th to 14th Centuries)

Grand Canal SystemHangzhouSuzhouYangzhouChuzhouJizhouKaifengLuoyangBeijingHuaiyinBian Canal(Song)Tongji Canal (Sui)Jizhou Canal(Yuan)Yangzhou Canal(Song and Yuan)Jiangnan Canal(Sui, Song and Yuan)Yongji Canal(Sui and Yuan)Tonghui Canal(Yuan)Yongji Canal(Sui)Jiao-Lai Canal(Yuan)400 kmOld course ofthe Yellow River(Song)Yellow SeaEast ChinaSea

The Eastern and Western Maritime Routes to Asia

Colon Container Terminal

Panama Coln Container Port (PCCP)

Puerto de Balboa

Evergreen Round-the-World Route, WestboundTokyoOsakaPusanHakataKaohsiungHong KongLaem ChabangColumboLe HavreZeebruggeRotterdamHamburgThamesportNew YorkNorfolkCharlestonColonLos Angeles

Three Major Pendulum Routes Serviced by OOCL, 2006

TRANSITOS RAPIDOSYFLETES BAJOS

Nuevos retos en el diseo de terminales portuarias???

OOCL ATLANTA 8,063 TEUs

3,200 cubic metre coastal LPG carrier with pressurised cylindrical tanks. 16,650 cubic metre LPG carrier with semi pressurised tanks.

19421975Modern VLCC (305 m)T2 Tanker (153 m)Comparison between a Contemporary and Second World War Tanker

SellerACustomsCargo TerminalIPurchaserKJEFGHLOGSTICA INTEGRAL EL VERDADERO RETO DE LA OPERACIN PORTUARIADOCUMENTACIN PAGO DE LOS DIFERENTES FLETESRESPONSABILIDAD Y SEGUROSCustomsCargo Terminal

Record de produccin y beneficios!!!

Port Terminals

Port SitesIn a deltaMargin of a deltaAlong a riverNatural harborsIn an estuaryNear an estuaryIn a bayProtected

Harbor TypesCoastal NaturalCoastal BreakwaterCoastal Tide GatesRiver NaturalRiver BasinsRiver Tide GatesCanal or LakeOpen Roadstead

Harbor Types of the World's Large and Medium Sized Ports

World Harbor Types and Sizes

LargeMediumSmallVery SmallCoastal Breakwater39 (29.8%)105 (33.2%)281 (23.8%)388 (13.0%)Coastal Natural26 (19.8%)89 (28.2%)474 (40.1%)1529 (51.4%)Coastal Tide gates5 (3.8%)5 (1.6%)18 (1.5%)11 (0.4%)Lake or Canal3 (2.3%)6 (1.9%)26 (2.2%)32 (1.1%)Open Roadstead18 (13.7%)17 (5.4%)97 (8.2%)450 (15.1%)River Basins7 (5.3%)20 (6.3%)23 (1.9%)27 (0.9%)River Natural25 (19.1%)59 (18.7%)248 (21.0%)518 (17.4%)River Tide gates7 (5.3%)14 (4.4%)12 (1.0%)14 (0.5%)Total131 (100%)316 (100%)1181 (100%)2875 (100%)

The Evolution of a PortSettingExpansionSpecialization12234444453DowntownUrban expansionTerminal facilitiesPort-related activitiesRailHighwayWater depthReconversion

Evolution of the Port of Rotterdam

Major Port Holdings

Un puerto es un conjunto formado por varios subconjuntos de obras hidrulicas, obras portuarias, caminos, ferrocarriles, obras urbanas, edificaciones e instalaciones para recepcin y manejo de cargas de diversos tipos, as como las instalaciones de mantenimiento permanente como el dragado.

51 Drsena de Ciaboga2 Drsena de Maniobras3 Drsena de Servicios4 Muelles5 Obras Exteriores6 rea de Almacenamiento5146342

7 rea de Descarga 8 rea de transferencia terrestre 9 rea de circulacin10 rea de transferencia fluvial11 Roll on-Roll off12 reas de Almacenaje789101112128

Number of Large and Medium Ports by Channel Depth

DIQUES PARALELOS A LA COSTADIQUES CONVERGENTESDIQUES PARALELOS ENTRE SI

Dry cement being loaded on trucks on Pier F Industrial salt on Pier F

1500-1840 Average speed of wagon and sail ships: 16 km/hr1850-1930 Average speed of trains: 100 km/hr.Average speed of steamships: 25 km/hr1950 Average speed of airplanes: 480-640 km/hr1970 Average speed of jet planes: 800-1120 km/hr1990 Numeric transmission: instantaneousSpace / Time Convergence of the World Transport System

BargeHopper car100 car train unitSemi-trailer truck1500 Tons52,500 Bushels453,600 Gallons 100 Tons 3,500 Bushels 30,240 Gallons 10,000 Tons 350,000 Bushels 3,024,000 Gallons 26 Tons; 910 Bushels 7,865 Gallons9,000 for a tanker truck124 tonsCapacity557.7(865.4 for 15 barges in tow)Truck EquivalencyVehicle3.8384.61Post-panamax containership5,000 TEU2,1169,330VLCC300,000 tons2 million barrels of oil747-400FPerformance Comparison for Selected Freight Modes

Roman Road (Appian Way)

Trans-Alaska Pipeline

Telegraph Receiver, 1844

Bells First Telephone

Ford T , 1915

Wright Brothers First Airplane

Douglas DC-3, 1937

TGV

An Early Steamship, The Great Britain, 1845

Worlds Largest Dry-Bulk Carrier, the Berge Stalh

Moores Law: Transistors per Microprocessor, 1971-2002

Nuevo Sistema de Transporte, Panam 2015 (Lnea Circunvalacin Norte Tocumen Panam Arraijan Chorrera)

logstica

Management and coordinationControl over cargoMergersMultimodal operatorsModal integrationThrough rates and billingLogisticsDeregulationDriving Forces of Containerization and Multimodal TransportContainerizationUnitizationStandardizationCellular shipsGantry cranesSpecialized terminalsTransshipment productivityLand consumptionMulti-rate structureMultimodal Transportation

Time and Cost of Transport Activities Involving Moving a 40 Foot Container between the American East Coast and Western Europe

Container Transport Costs

CONVENIO DE CARTAGENA

Articulo 6 Contaminacin causada por VertimientosArticulo 7Contaminacin procedente de Fuentes TerrestresArticulo 5Contaminacin causada por BuquesArticulo 10Zonas especialmente protegidasArticulo 9Contaminacin transmitida por la Atmsfera

Articulo 8ContaminacinResultante de actividades relativas a los fondos marinosLas Partes Contratantes adoptarn todas las medidas adecuadas para prevenir, reducir y controlar la contaminacin por :Adoptado en 1983Entr en vigor 1986

Materia de partculas DieselEmisiones NOxEmisiones SOx

Plan de accin de Aire Libre Buques cargueros Locomotoras Camiones de Carga Equipo de Muelle Vehiculos del Puerto

CONTAMINACIN POR RUIDOCURVAS ISOACSTICAS

Convenio Internacional para el Control y Gestin de Agua de Lastre y Sedimentos de Buques (BWM 2004)

El Cdigo ESPO de Conducta AmbientalManual de Buenas Prcticas

Desarrollo PortuarioGestin material DragadoContaminacin de suelosControl del ruidoGestin de residuosCalidad del aire y del aguaMonitorizacin e IndicadoresPlanes de contingenciaInterfaz buque-puertoManipulacin de mercancasMercancas peligrosas

Recepcin Portuaria de Residuos Oleosos

tendencias

Ports building up rather than out. Increased use of automatitation. Consolidation among ports and operations. Increase in services offered. Container tracking. Vessel positioning systems broadcast service. Supporting services for container shipping provided on the Internet.

Hace 3 millones de aos, del mar emergi un pas que cambiara al mundo

*********Source: adapted from National Geospatial-intelligence Agency (2005) World Port Index, Eighteenth Edition, http://www.nga.mil

**Source: adapted from National Geospatial-intelligence Agency (2005) World Port Index, Eighteenth Edition, http://www.nga.mil

****Source: adapted from National Geospatial-intelligence Agency (2005) World Port Index, Eighteenth Edition, http://164.214.12.145/pubs/pubs_j_wpi_sections.html

**Note: modes are not to scale.**Source: USGS***Source: Henry Ford Museum & Greenfield Village, Photo: P.833.1798.*****Source: National Maritime Museum of Great Britain. http://www.nmm.ac.uk/*Source: Photo courtesy of Maik Ebel, Ship Photos, http://www.ship-photos.de*Source: Intel.*Source: SNCF*Source: adapted from Hayuth (1987)*Source: Cost of Operations and Time for Shipping a 40 Container; in APECs Congestion Points Study, Phase III, Best Practices Manual and Technical Report, Volume 2 Sea Transport, Feb. 1997, p. 105.*Source: Stopford, M. (2002) Is the Drive For Ever Bigger Containerships Irresistible?, Lloyds List Shipping Forecasting Conference, http://www.clarksonresearch.com//acatalog/ci_paper_april2002.pdf*****