Fig. 13-4, p. 283

Nontemplate strand

TranscriptionDNA

Template strand

mRNA (complementary

copy of template

DNA strand)

Codon 1 Codon 2 Codon 3 Codon 4 Codon 5 Codon 6

Polypeptide Met Thr Cys Glu Cys Phe

Translation

‘

‘

‘

‘

‘

‘

Fig. 13-20a, p. 299

Normal DNA sequence

Normal mRNA sequence

Normal protein sequence

BASE-SUBSTITUTION MUTATIONS

Missense mutation

Nonsense mutation

(Stop)

(Stop)

(Stop)

Fig. 13-20b, p. 299

FRAMESHIFT MUTATIONS

Normal DNA sequence

Normal mRNA sequence

Normal protein sequence (Stop)

(Stop)

Metilación de eF-Tu

Fosforilación de elF-2(eucariotas)

Ausencia de leucina