anat 4.6 renal system staana

7/25/2019 Anat 4.6 Renal System StaAna

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! Cell body from which arise several primary processes,

and each of these gives rise to numerous secondary

(foot) processes o pedicels that embrace a portion of one

glomerular capillary.

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adhere to the glomerular filter, including antibody-

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conditions

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prostaglandins and other immune factors for defense and

repair in the glomerulus

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wall and immediately taken up by the peritubular capillaries.

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o Thin descending limbs- freely permeable to water but not

salts

o Thin ascending limbs- permeable to NaCl but impermeable to

water

o Thick ascending limbs- actively transport NaCl out of the

tubule against a concentration gradient


5/10

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o Water-salt balance Na and water absorption and K secretion

in the presence of aldosteroneo Acid-base balance H and NH4 secretion into tubular urine

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Functions

o Autoregulation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

o Control of blood pressure

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Renal arteries arise at the level of the IV disc between L1 and L2

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o Sympathetic renal plexus supplied by fibers from

abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves.

o Visceral afferent fibers- convey pain sensation; follow the

sympathetic fibers retrograde to spinal ganglia and cord (T11-

L2)

o Ureteric pain is usually referred to the ipsilateral lower

quadrant of the anterior abdominal wall and especially to the

groin.

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Figure 10.Blood supply to the kidney. A coronal view (left) shows the major

blood vessels of the kidney. The microvascular components extending into the

cortex and medulla from the interlobular vessels are shown on the right. Pink

boxes indicate vessels with arterial blood and blue indicate the venous return.

The intervening lavender boxes and vessels are intermediate sites where most

reabsorbed material reenters the blood.

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Branches approach the ureters medially and divide into ascending

and descending branches, forming a longitudinal anastomosis on

the ureteric wall.

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7/10

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Clinical Correlation

In operations in the posterior abdominal region, surgeons pay special

attention to the location of the ureters and are careful not to retract them

laterally or unnecessarily.

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2) 9R@@L NPOORH @> BRILLF?

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=%&')7), 721 *%,).%7

! N2 -,87:,' \ ?7K027: 7#

],02'

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() &KKF?QIGJ@K @> GMF #?JKI?H 9RILLF?N

(38=7).,)0+

o @3=&K7')%0+ =:,E*' GISTH &% j-0::02K 2,%?,'k

o N2.0B0) 1,)%*''&% 8'# +&2)%7+)0&2 )& 7::&C -0::02K *= &- B:711,%

o N2+%,7', *%,).%7: '=.02+),% )&2,

57%7'38=7).,)0+

o 5,:?0+ '=:72+.20+ 2,%?,' 721 02-,%0&% @3=&K7')%0+ 2,%?,' G(TP

([H &% j,8=)302K 2,%?,'k

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0) %HAOMIGJE L?IJKISF

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7) 8JNG@R@SH @> 9RILLF? IKL #?FGM?I

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o (*B8*+&'7 '8&&). 8*'+:, :73,%

o

"1?,2)0)07

907.%, :?; 4:711,% C7:: 721 *%&).,:0*8# (a): In the neck of the bladder, near the

urethra, the wall shows four layers: the mucosa with urothelium (U) and lamina

propria (LP); the thin submucosa (S); inner, middle, and outer layers of smooth

muscle (IL, ML, and OL), and the adventitia (A). X15. H&E. (b): When the

bladder is empty, the mucosa is highly folded and the urothelium has bulbous

umbrella cells. X250. PSH. (c): when the bladder is full, the mucosa is pulled

smooth, the urothelium is thinner, and the umbrella cells are flatter. X250. H&E.

L%&).,:0*8

o 47'7: :73,% O+*B&017: +,::'

o

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60%+*:7% 8'# :73,% /0#$,%1,*02$, &25,%6o

"1?,2)0)07


9/10

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907.%, :?; B"!2$0"# "( ]%,$4%2 0# S2&,-

TV +8' G:,2K).H

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=7%)'

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5%&')7)0+ L%,).%7

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o )%7?,%',' ).%* =%&')7), K:721 )& ),%8027), 7) '*=,%0&% -7'+07

&- *%&K,20)7: 107=.%7K8

o

lined by urotheliumo =7%)'

! *%,).%7: +%,')

! =%&')7)0+ '02*',' OC.,%, =%&')7)0+ K:721' &=,2

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! ,`7+*:7)&%3 1*+)'

A,8B%72&*' L%,).%7

o

T+8' :&2K

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27%%&C,')

o -&*21 C0).02 )., *%&K,20)7: 107=.%7K8

o '*%%&*21,1 B3 *%,).%7: '=.02+),% 8*'+:,

o lined by stratified columnar and pseudostratified epithelium

(=&2K3a=,20:, L%,).%7

o

SY +8' :&2Ko

)%7?,%',' B*:B 721 +&%=*' '=&2K0&'*8 &- =,20'

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o ),%8027),' 7) ,E),%27: *%,).%7: 8,7)*'

o lined by stratified columnar and pseudostratified columnar

epithelium

9) 0FAIR P?FGM?I

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[ +8' :&2K

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*%,).%7

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-&*21 7) '0),' &- )., ,E),%27: *%,).%7: 8,7)*'

initially lined by transitional epithelium, then by stratified

squamous epithelium and some areas of pseudostratified columnar

epithelium

*) 9R@@L NPOORH @> #?FGM?I

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10/10

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L%,).%7: 8*+&'7 .7' :7%K, :&2K0)*1027: -&:1'

A7:, *%,).%7X U ',K8,2)'

o

5%&')7)0+ *%,).%7 O :02,1 B3 )%72'0)0&27: ,=0).,:0*8

o A,8B%72&*' *%,).%7 O :02,1 B3 ')%7)0-0,1 +&:*827% 721

=',*1&')%7)0-0,1 ,=0).,:0*8

o (=&2K3 *%,).%7 O ')%7)0-0,1 +&:*827% 721 =',*1&')%7)0-0,1

C0). ')%7)0-0,1 'b*78&*' ,=0).,:0*8 10')7::3

$# @0')&:&K3 &- )., >,87:, *%,).%7

907.%, :H; L%,).%7# A fibromuscular tube that carries urine from the bladder to

the exterior of the body. (a):A transverse section shows that the mucosa has

large longitudinal folds around the lumen (L). X50. H&E. (b):A higher

magnification of the urethral epithelium is shown in this micrograph. The thick

epithelial lining is stratified columnar in some areas and pseudostratified

columnar elsewhere, but becomes stratified squamous at the distal end of the

urethra. X250. H&E.

I0202K ,=0).,:0*8X

o 5%&E087: )%72'0)0&27: ,=0).,:0*8

o

;0')7:X ')%7)0-0,1 'C*78&*'R 2&2PQ,%7)020e02K

o

A011:, =7%) '*%%&*21,1 B3 ,E),%27: ')%07),1 8'#(=.02+),%

;&&) (+9.3"%"73

U &?,%:7=02K Q012,3 '3'),8'X

=%&2,=.%&' O ,E+%,)&%3 &%K72 C.0+. 7==,7%' -0%')

o %*108,2)7%3 721 2&2-*2+)0&27:

o

*,8,&"+ 0# ?$4

=,,

anat 4.6 renal system staana

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