fs u1 101a introduccion facilidades de superficie

1

Ing. Nelson Cabrera Maráz, Mscroneven@cotas.com.bo

UDABOL-SCZMarzo–Abril 2014

Diplomado en Producción de Hidrocarburos

Facilidades de SuperficieFacilidades de SuperficieIntroducciIntroduccióónn

22NCM@2014

Introducción Las facilidades de producción o instalaciones de superficie son el vínculo físico al reservorio, incluyen perforación, terminación, bombeo, inyección, procesamiento y almacenamiento. Un diseño adecuado y el mantenimiento de las instalaciones tiene un profundo efecto en la rentabilidad. Las instalaciones deben ser capaces de llevar a cabo el plan de manejo del reservorio.

33NCM@2014

Introducción

El rol de un ingeniero de producción es maximizar la producción de petróleo y gas de una manera que minimice los costos operativos.La comprensión y familiaridad  de los sistemas de producción de petróleo y gas es fundamental y esencial para los ingenieros.

44NCM@2014

Introduction

A complete oil or gas production systemconsists of a reservoir, well, flowline, separators, pumps, and transportationpipelines. The reservoir supplies wellborewith crude oil or gas. The well provides a path for the production fluid to flow frombottom hole to surface and offers a means tocontrol the fluid production rate. Theflowline leads the produced fluid toseparators.The separators remove gas and water from thecrude oil. Pumps and compressors are used totransport oil and gas through pipelines tosales points.

55NCM@2014

A sketch of a petroleum production system

66NCM@2014

ReservoirHydrocarbon accumulations in geological traps can be classified as reservoir, field, and pool. A ‘‘reservoir’’is a porous and permeable underground formation containingan individual bank of hydrocarbons confined by impermeable rock or water barriers and is characterized by a single natural pressure system. A ‘‘field’’ is an area thatconsists of one or more reservoirs all related to the samestructural feature. A ‘‘pool’’ contains one or more reservoirs in isolated structures. Depending on the initial reservoir condition in the phasediagram, hydrocarbon accumulations are classified as oil, gas condensate, and gas reservoirs. An oil that is at a pressure above its bubble‐point pressure is called an‘‘undersaturated oil’’ because it can dissolve more gas atthe given temperature. An oil that is at its bubble‐pointpressure is called a ‘‘saturated oil’’ because it can dissolve no more gas at the given temperature. Single (liquid)‐phase flow prevails in an undersaturated oil reservoir, whereas two‐phase (liquid oil and free gas) flowexists in a saturated o il reservoir.

77NCM@2014

A typical hydrocarbon phase diagram

88NCM@2014

A Sketch of a water-driver reservoir

99NCM@2014

A sketch of a gas-cap drive reservoir

1010NCM@2014

A sketch of dissolved-gas drive reservoir

1111NCM@2014

A sketch of a typical flowing oil well

1212NCM@2014

A sketch of a wellhead

1313NCM@2014

A sketch of a casing head, tubing head

1414NCM@2014

A sketch of a “Christmas tree”

1515NCM@2014

A sketch of a surface valve

1616NCM@2014

A sketch of a wellhead choke

1717NCM@2014

Conventional horizontal separator

1818NCM@2014

Double-action piston pump

1919NCM@2014

Elements of a typical reciprocating compressor

2020NCM@2014

SSíímbolosmbolosFlowFlow SheetSheet SymbolsSymbols

2121NCM@2014

Tipica hoja de flujo

2222NCM@2014

Common FlowSheet Symbols

2323NCM@2014

Line Symbols, Blinds & Valves

2424NCM@2014

Valves

2525NCM@2014

Valves

2626NCM@2014

Pumps & Storage Symbols

2727NCM@2014

Examples

2828NCM@2014

Examples

2929NCM@2014

Examples

3030NCM@2014

Electrical Symbols

3131NCM@2014

Instruments

3232NCM@2014

Examples

3333NCM@2014

Instruments - Measurement

3434NCM@2014

E & P Symbols

3535NCM@2014

E & P Symbols

3636NCM@2014

E & P Symbols

Abandoned wellNew coalbed methane drilling locationCoalbed methane gas well

Waste disposal wellUnderground gas storage well

Enhanced oil recovery injection well

Dry hole

Gas well other than CBM

Abandoned coalbed methane gas well

Oil well

CNCCanceled application or permit

New drilling location

3737NCM@2014

Facilidades de Facilidades de SuperficieSuperficie

3838NCM@2014

An outline of the processing surface field operations

3939NCM@2014

Típico sistema de producción y proceso gas

4040NCM@2014

4141NCM@2014

4242NCM@2014

4343NCM@2014

4444NCM@2014

Typical oil production process system

4545NCM@2014

Typical gas production process system

4646NCM@2014

Typical surface production equipment

4747NCM@2014

Diagrama de flujo de equipos de producción en superficie

4848NCM@2014

……