biomass presentation

outlines1 -introduction

2 -biomass and its sources

3 -the conversion of biomass energy

4 -biomass power plant

5 -advantages and disadvantages

6 -economic benefits

7 -conclusion

Biomass is the oldest source of energy

Farmers often burn their crop waste to get rid of it

INTRODUCTION

Enough Biomass resources in the world to cover the world’s energy demand.

Using Biomass sources for power generation is CO2 neutral.

INTRODUCTION

SOURCES OF BIOMASS

Comes from the

forest

Can also come from plant and

animal waste

Wood and waste can be found virtually

anywhere

The conversion of biomass energy

1-Direct Combustion

Pipes filled with water are heated to make steam

Inside a biomass steam boiler

Fire heats the water

2-GASIFICATION

gasification is a high-temperature (1200-1400 Degree Celsius)thermo chemical conversion process but the process is used for production of gas ,instead of heat

GASIFICATION

Biogas is produced by exposing biomass to high temperatures and

limited oxygen .

Biogas energy can serve as a feedstock for electricity generation or a building block for

chemicals .

3-PYROLYSIS

.

Heat is used chemically to convert

biomass to bio-oil

Pyrolysis oil : is easy to store and

transportaion than solid biomass material and can be burned like petroleum to generate

electricityPhenol oil : a chemical used to make wood adhesives, molded plastic and form insulation wood

adhesives and used to glue together poly

wood and then composite wood

products

Biomass power plant

Biomass

High Heat

Boiler

Steam

Steam spins the turbine blades

Turning Biomass into Electricity

Rotating magnets create electricity

Boiler

Steam Turbine

Advantages and disadvantages

Combustion v.s gasification

combustion

Main advantage

• Mature technology• Low running cost

• Simple biomass pretreatment

Disadvantage

• Low efficiency at small scale• single biomass fuel• large investment

Application

• Large scale power generation

gasification

Advantage

• High efficiency at small scale• Flexible in capacity• Low investment

Disadvantage

• Complex equipment• High maintenance cost

Applications

• Medium and small system• Combined cycles , which combine gas turbines and steam turbines to produce electricity

Advantages of biomass

1-Biomass is perennial source of renewable energy and it can be repeatedly grown and obtained as biomass.2-Production of biomass not only gives fuels but it also gives good quality organic manures which when used in farms give bumper crops.

3-Methane gas produced from biomass is used as domestic fuel in gas stoves.

4-Biomass is available everywhere and no needs of any transportations.

Advantages of biomass

5-Methane gas can be used to run engines and generator and electricity can generate.

6-The biomass can be grown in near by seas and lakes. The lands can be spread for food crops.

7-I.C. Engines can be run on biogas produced from biomass.8-Biomass can be used for plastics and pharmaceutical products.

9-Use of biomass keeps surroundings clean and healthy without insects and pests.

Disadvantages of biomass

1-Biomass contains 50-90% water and it is heavy. Hence transportation if needed is very difficult.

2-Direct combustion of biomass produces smokes and smells.

3-Calorific value of biomass if burnt in the raw form is very less.

4-Biogas plants need lots of care and maintenance for its successful operations.

5-It is economical if raw biomass such as cow dung is not freely available.

Disadvantages of biomass

6-Biomass conversion plants such as biogas are necessary to convert raw biomass into useful energy forms.

7-Biogas plants occupy larges land areas.

8-If the biomass is required to be transported over long distances, the cost transportaion is very high.

9-Biogas plants can’t be used in urban areas where the space availability is limited.

Economic benefits

Countries use biomass

Biomass plants around the world

Economic benefits

1-Minimizes cost involved with waste disposal

2-Can generate money for community

3-It provide job opportunity in rural areas

4-Power from biomass gasifier based plants are cheap in rural areas

5-Overall cost of installation, running, transmission, labor etc. per unit cost of electricity is low.

conclusion

1- uses low cost waste materials

2- reduced dependence on foreign oil

3-convert biomass resources into liquid fuels and gaseous fuels

4- recycling waste material