biomass presentation

28
outlines 1 - introduction 2 - biomass and its sources 3 - the conversion of biomass energy 4 - biomass power plant 5 - advantages and disadvantages 6 - economic benefits 7 - conclusion

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Page 1: biomass presentation

outlines1 -introduction

2 -biomass and its sources

3 -the conversion of biomass energy

4 -biomass power plant

5 -advantages and disadvantages

6 -economic benefits

7 -conclusion

Page 2: biomass presentation

Biomass is the oldest source of energy

Page 3: biomass presentation

Farmers often burn their crop waste to get rid of it

Page 4: biomass presentation

INTRODUCTION

Enough Biomass resources in the world to cover the world’s energy demand.

Using Biomass sources for power generation is CO2 neutral.

Page 5: biomass presentation

INTRODUCTION

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Page 7: biomass presentation

SOURCES OF BIOMASS

Comes from the

forest

Can also come from plant and

animal waste

Wood and waste can be found virtually

anywhere

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The conversion of biomass energy

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1-Direct Combustion

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Pipes filled with water are heated to make steam

Inside a biomass steam boiler

Fire heats the water

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2-GASIFICATION

gasification is a high-temperature (1200-1400 Degree Celsius)thermo chemical conversion process but the process is used for production of gas ,instead of heat

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GASIFICATION

Biogas is produced by exposing biomass to high temperatures and

limited oxygen .

Biogas energy can serve as a feedstock for electricity generation or a building block for

chemicals .

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3-PYROLYSIS

.

Heat is used chemically to convert

biomass to bio-oil

Pyrolysis oil : is easy to store and

transportaion than solid biomass material and can be burned like petroleum to generate

electricityPhenol oil : a chemical used to make wood adhesives, molded plastic and form insulation wood

adhesives and used to glue together poly

wood and then composite wood

products

Page 14: biomass presentation

Biomass power plant

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Biomass

High Heat

Boiler

Steam

Steam spins the turbine blades

Turning Biomass into Electricity

Rotating magnets create electricity

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Boiler

Steam Turbine

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Advantages and disadvantages

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Combustion v.s gasification

combustion

Main advantage

• Mature technology• Low running cost

• Simple biomass pretreatment

Disadvantage

• Low efficiency at small scale• single biomass fuel• large investment

Application

• Large scale power generation

gasification

Advantage

• High efficiency at small scale• Flexible in capacity• Low investment

Disadvantage

• Complex equipment• High maintenance cost

Applications

• Medium and small system• Combined cycles , which combine gas turbines and steam turbines to produce electricity

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Advantages of biomass

1-Biomass is perennial source of renewable energy and it can be repeatedly grown and obtained as biomass.2-Production of biomass not only gives fuels but it also gives good quality organic manures which when used in farms give bumper crops.

3-Methane gas produced from biomass is used as domestic fuel in gas stoves.

4-Biomass is available everywhere and no needs of any transportations.

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Advantages of biomass

5-Methane gas can be used to run engines and generator and electricity can generate.

6-The biomass can be grown in near by seas and lakes. The lands can be spread for food crops.

7-I.C. Engines can be run on biogas produced from biomass.8-Biomass can be used for plastics and pharmaceutical products.

9-Use of biomass keeps surroundings clean and healthy without insects and pests.

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Disadvantages of biomass

1-Biomass contains 50-90% water and it is heavy. Hence transportation if needed is very difficult.

2-Direct combustion of biomass produces smokes and smells.

3-Calorific value of biomass if burnt in the raw form is very less.

4-Biogas plants need lots of care and maintenance for its successful operations.

5-It is economical if raw biomass such as cow dung is not freely available.

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Disadvantages of biomass

6-Biomass conversion plants such as biogas are necessary to convert raw biomass into useful energy forms.

7-Biogas plants occupy larges land areas.

8-If the biomass is required to be transported over long distances, the cost transportaion is very high.

9-Biogas plants can’t be used in urban areas where the space availability is limited.

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Economic benefits

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Countries use biomass

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Biomass plants around the world

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Economic benefits

1-Minimizes cost involved with waste disposal

2-Can generate money for community

3-It provide job opportunity in rural areas

4-Power from biomass gasifier based plants are cheap in rural areas

5-Overall cost of installation, running, transmission, labor etc. per unit cost of electricity is low.

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conclusion

1- uses low cost waste materials

2- reduced dependence on foreign oil

3-convert biomass resources into liquid fuels and gaseous fuels

4- recycling waste material

Page 28: biomass presentation