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V o l . 07. No. 02 Ouli-Desember) 2016 ISSN: 2087-8613

A d l a m a i j U R N A l R L S A F A T D A N T t O L C X ; ! I S L A M

D A F T A R ISI

Pandangan Sosiologis terhadap Perilaku Homoseksual R o d a n i 1 1 5 - 1 3 4

Menyinfd

Aqlania, Vol. 07. No. 02 (Juli-Desember) 2016 ISSN: 2087-8613

M E N Y I N G K A P T U D U H A N O R I E N T A L I S T E R H A D A P I S L A M

D r . S y a f i ' i n M a n s u r , M A I A I N S u l t a n M a u l a n a H a s a n u d d i n

A b s t r a k Islam adalah agama dunia yang paling cepat bertumhuhan dan

perkembanganya sehingga menjadi perhatian dunia. Termasuk perlxaiian besar kaum onientalis terhadap Islam untuk kepentingan fcolonialistm; dan m i s s i o n a r i s T n e c i a l a m kajiannya. Islam dianggap oleh kaum o r i e n t a l i s sebagai musuh B a r a t terutama oleh kaum K r i s t e n yang menjadi musuh dan kebencian setelah kekalahan perang salib dan termasuk wilayah kekuasaan Kristen berada di tangan kaum m u s l i m i n . Kajian kaum orientelis b u k a n s a j a N a b i M u l u t m m a c I Saw. melainkan juga sumber hlxim, aqidah Islam, syariat Islam, akhlak Islam dan pengetahutin Islam, hlamun semua kajian itu, tidak obyektif dan hanya luinyalan Ixclaka, bahkan Ishim di nuita kaum orientalis dianggap sebagai agama pcilang, agama paLsu, uganui perang atau agama haus dtirah dan aganui t e r o r i s . Sumlx-r Islam diambil lUiri Taurat dan Injil, aqidah Islam I n - r s u m b e r c l a r i keyakinan Yahudi dan Kristen, syariat Islam b e r s u m b e r d a n undang-undang Rorruiwi, akhlak Islam sebagai penghambat kebebasan dan fiengetahuan Islam b e r s u m b e r ilari Yunani. Tuduhan . s e m u a i t u , dibantah o / e / i kaum orientalis karena tiilak olryektif d a n tidak didasarkan fakta i l m i a h . Begitu pula kaun, Muslim bahwa tuduhan orientalis tersebut hakikatnya nxeneruskan tuduhan kaum Quraisy dan sekarang diramu oleh kaum o r i e n t a l i s karena k e b e n c i a n , permusuhan dan dendam.

K a t a K u n c i t M e n y i n g k a p , t u d u h a n , o r i e n t a l i s , I s l a m , B a r a t , Y a h u d i , K r i s t e n , R o m a w i , Y u n a n i d a n f a k t a i l m i a h . A . L a t a r B e l a k a n g M a s a l a h

D a l a m c a t a t a n s e j a r a h , k e h a d i r a n I s l a m t i d a k d i s e n a n g i h a h k a n d i h a l a n g i o l e h k a u m k a f i r Q u r a i s y m a u p u n k a u m Y a h u d i d u n k a u m K r i s t e n . K a u m k a f i r Q u r a i s y s e l a l u m e m a t a h k a n I s l a m y a n g d i b a w a o l e h N a h i M u h a m m a d S a w . d e n g a n b e r b a g a i t u d u h a n y a n g d a p a t m e m a t i k a n p e r k e m b a n g a n I s l a m . N a m u n I s l a m t e t a p e k s i s d a n a d a p e n g i k u t n y a

135

136 I Syafi'in Mansur

s e h i n g g a N a b i M u h a m m a d S a w . d i j a d i k a n s a s a r a n p e m b i i n u h a n b a h k a n b e r b a g a i t u d u h a n t e r h a d a p n y a s e b a g a i o r a n g t u k a n g t e n t i n g a t a u d u k u n , ' t u k a n g p e n y a i r y a n g n y a t a , ^ o r a n g y a n g g i l a d a n t i d a k w a r a s , * t u k a n g . s y i h i r y a n g m e n i p u d a n p e n d u s t a y a n g n y a t a , ' ' t u k a n g d o n g e n g l e w a t A l - Q u r ' a n , * d a n t u k a n g p e m b o h o n g y a n g s e r i n g m e n g a d a - a d a . " T u d u h a n K a f i r Q u r a i s y t e r s e b u t , d i k u a t k a n p u l a d e n g a n p e m y a t a a n A l -W a l i d b i n A l - M u g h i r a h b a h w a M u h a m m a d a d a l a h s e o r a n g a h l i s i h i r y a n g i l m u n y a b i s a d i p e l a j a r i . A p a k a h k a l i a n t i d a k m e l i h a t d i a y a n g t e l a h m e m i s a h k a n a n t a r a s e s e o r a n g d e n g a n k e l u a r g a , a n a k - a n a k d a n t u a n -t u a n n y a . '

B e g i t u p u l a , k a u m Y a h u d i y a n g m e m i l i k i s i k a p y a n g t i d a k b e r s a h a b a t d e n g a n I s l a m b a h k a n m e m u s u h i n y a d e n g a n b e r b a g a i c a r a u n t u k m e m a d a m k a n c a h a y a I s l a m y a n g d i b a w a o l e h N a b i M u h a m m a d S a w . " T e r m a s u k k a u m K r i s t e n p u n , t i d a k m e n y u k a i k e h a d i r a n I s l a m k a r e n a I s l a m m e n j a d i p e n g h a l a n g m i s i K r i s t e n . " H a l i n i , d i n y a t a k a n o l e h O a r t l e n e i r b a h w a p e p e r a n g a n s a l i b b u k a n u n t u k m e n y e l a m a t k a n k o t a Q u d i i s [ Y c r i i s a l e m ] , t e t a p i u n t u k m c n g h a n c u r k a n I s l a m . ' "

' Al-Qur'an, surat Ath-Thur 152): 29 ' Al-Qur'an, Ash-Shaffat |37]: 36-37, Ath-Tl iur [52]: 5, 30, Ai-Haqqah [69):

40-41 ' Al-Qur'an, surar Ad-Dulthan [44]: 14, Adz-dzariyar [51): 52, Al-Qalam [68]: 2,

51 , A t - T a k w i r | 8 1 | : 22 * Al -Qur'an . surar Al-An'am [6j: 7. Yunus j lOj: 2, H u d [1 I j : 7, Al-Anbiya [21]: 3, Sbad (381: 4, Al-Qamar [54]: 2, Ash-Shaff 161): 6

* Al -Qur'an. surat Al -An'am [6]: 25, AI-Anfal [8]: 3 1 , An-Nahl (16): 24, / J -Furqan |25|: 5, An-Naml [27]: 68

" Al-Qur'an, Al-Furqan [25]: 4 ' A I H I U I Muiz Khathab, Mujuh-musuh Nahi Saw., {Solo: Pustaka Mantiq, 1993),

cet. kc-3, hhii. 28, lihat juga, Abdurrahman bin Abdul Karim, Kitah S e j a r a h . Nabi Mubamtnail Saw. (Yogyakarta: D I V A Press, 2013). cet. kc-1, bliii. 327

" Al-Qur'an, Surar A -Baqarah |2 | : 120, Al-Maidah [Sj: 82 " A l Q u r ' a n , Surar Al-Baqarab [2): 120, 135

lalal Alain, et.al., Dendam Barat dan Yabudi Terhadaf) I s l a m , jSolo: Pu.sraka Miintiq, lUHV), set. kc-1, bliii. 54

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Menyingkap Tuduhan Orientalis terhadap I s l a m | 137

D u r i s i n i l i i h k c h e n c i a n d a n d e n d a m t e r h a d a p i s l a m y a n g d i h e m b u s k a n o l e h k a u m K r i s t e n d a n d i p e r k u a t d e n g a n o r i e n t a l i s y a n g m e n j a d i c o r a n g k o l o n i a l d a n k r i s t e n i s a s i m e l a l u i k a r y a t u l i s d a n p e n e l i t i a n n y a y a n g m e m h u a t c i t r a I s l a m m e n j a d i b u r u k d a n m e n a k i i t k a n b a g i d u n i a B a r a t . B a h k a n d i p e r t a j a m d a n d i b e s a r - b e s a r k a n i l e n g a n i n e i l i a B a r a t s e h i n g g a b a n y a k m c l a h i r k a n i s l a m o f o b i a d i d u n i a B a r a t d a n E r o p a . H a l i n i , t e r b u k t i d e n g a n k e j a d i a n m a j a l a h C h a r l i e H e l x i o d i P e r a n c i s y a n g s e r i n g m e m b u a t k a r i k a t u r N a b i M u h a m m a d t l a n I s l a m y a n g m e n j a d i p r o d a n k o n t r a . T e r m a s u k j u g a , o r i e n t a l i s y a n g b a n y a k m e n u d u h t e r h a d a p I s l a m t e t a p i a d a j u g a o r i e n t a l i s y a n g o b y e k t i f t l a l a m m e n i l a i I s l a m . P e r s o a l a n i n i l a h y a n g m e n a r i k u n n j k t i i k a j i l e b i h m e n d a l a m l i a l a m p e r s o a l a n I s l a m d i m a t a o r i e n t a l i s .

B e r i i a s a r k a n l a t a r h e l a k a r i g m a s a l a h t e r s e b u t , m a k a k a j i a n i n i t i d a k s e m u a t o k o h i i r i e n t a l i s m e l a i n k a n . s e b a g i a n t o k o h o r i e n t a l i s y a n g m e m b i c a r a k a n t e n t a n g I s l a m y a n g t i a p a t d i r u m u s k a n a d a l a h | l | B a g a i m a n a e a r a o r i e n t a l i s m e m a i t a m i I s l a m . ' | 2 | B a g a i m a n a h e n n i k t u d u h a n o r i e n t a l i s r e r h a i i a p I s l a m . ' D a n | 3 | B a g a i m a n a s i k . i p d a n h a n t a h a n o r i e n i a l i . s d a n m u s l i m t e r l i a i l a p t u t l u h a n o r i e n t a l i s i i . i s l . s l . i m . ' D a r i r u i m i s a n m a . s a l a i i t e r s e i i i i t , m a k a t i i j u a i i y a n g a k a n t i i e a p a i d a l a m p e n l i t i a n i n i a d a l a h | l | U n t u k m e n g e t a h u i c a r a o r i e n t a l i s m e m a h a m i I s l a m , | 2 | I ' n t n k m e n g e t a h u i I x - n t i i k t u d u h a n o r i e n t a l i s t e r h a d a p I s l a m , d a n | 3 | U n t u k m e n g e t a h u i s i k a p i l a n h a n t a h a n o r i e n t a l i s d a n m u s l i m t e r h a d a p t u d u h a n o r i e n t a l i s a t a s I s l a m .

B . K e r a n g k a K o n . s e p t u a l S e c a r a t e o r i t i s h a h w a o r i e n t a l i s m e r u p a k a n k a j i a n c e n t l i k i a w a n

B a r a t t e r h a d a p I s l a m d a r i b e r b a g a i a s p e k n y a u n t u k m e n c a r i k e k u a t a n d a n k e l e m a h a n n y a . s e h i n g g a m u d a h u n t u k m e n g h a n c u r k a n n y a . B a h k a n E d w a r d W . S a i d m e n y a t a k a n b a l i w a o r i e n t a l i s a d a l a h s u a t u g a y a b e r f i k i r y a n g b e r t i a s a r k a n p a d a p e m b e t l a a n o n t o l o g i s d a n e p i s t e m o l o g i s y a n g d i b u a t a n t a r . I r i m i i r i l a n B a r a t u n t u k m e p d o m i r i a s i , m e n a t a k e m b a l i d a n



m c n g i i s i i i T i m u r . " B e g i t u p u l a , M i i . s t n l a h M a u f i i r m e n e g a s k a n b a h w a a d a l a h k a j i a n a k a d e m i s i y a n g i l i l a k u k a n o l e h p a r a i l m u w a n B a r a t m e n g e n a i I s l a m d a n k a u m m u s l i m i n d a r i s e l u r u h a s p e k n y a t e r m a s u k a q i d a h , s y a r i ' a h , k e b u d a y a a n , p e r a d a b a n , . s e j a r a h , s u m l x - r d a y a a l a m d a n m a n u s i a n y a . D e n g a n t u j u a n u n t u k m e m b e n t u k o p i n i u m u m d a n d a l a m h a l - h a l t e r t e n t u u n t u k m e n g u a s a i d u n i a I s l a m y a n g m e n c e r m i n k a n p e r t e n t n n g a n l a t a r b e l a k a n g i d e o l o g i s , h i s t o r i s d a n k u l t u r a l a n t a r a B a r a t d a n I s l a m .

D a r i p a p a r a n t e r s e b u t , j e l a s b a h w a o r i e n t a l i s m e r u p a k a n p e m i k i r a n a k a d e m i s i t e n t a n g I s l a m y a n g i n g i n m e n c a r i k e k u a t a n d a n k e l e m a h a n I s l a m u n t u k k e p e n t i n g a n a g a m a , k o l o n i a l , p o l i t i k , e k o n o m i m a u p u n i l m i a h . B a h k a n M a j i d K a i l a n i m e n e g a s k a n b a h w a o r i e n t a l i s m e m b a w a d o k t r i n p a l s u d e n g a n s e m a n g a t y a n g t i n g g i d a n b e r t e r i a k l a n t a n g h a h w a I s l a m t e l a h m e m a s u k i p e r i o d e k e l e m a h a n m a t e r i a l d a n k e k o . s o n g a n p e m i k i r a n . ' * T e t a p i t i d a k . s e m u a o r i e n t a l i s m e n u d u h k e j i t e r h a i i a p I s l a m b a h k a n a d a y a n g m e n y i k a p d e n g a n o b y e k t i f . s e p e r t i y a n g t l i n y a t a k a n o l e h W a l e s b a h w a t a k a k a n a d a o r a n g y a n g d a p a t m e m i i u k t i k i i n b a h w a I s l a m t i d a k s e j a l a n d e n g a n p e r a d a b a n d a n k e m a j u a n m a n u s i a . L a n t a r a n s e m u a d a t a , s e m u a b u k t i d a l a m I s l a m s e l a l u m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a I s l a m s e l a l u s e j a l a n d e n g a n p e r a d a b a n d a n k e m a j u a n y a n g d i c a p a i o l e h m a n u s i a . ' ' '

S e p a n j a n g p e n g e t a h u a n d a n p e n g a m a t a n p e n u l i s , b e l u m a d a s e c a r a k h u s u s m e m b a h a s a t a u m e n e l i t i s e c a r a m e n d a l a m y a n g b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n t e m a " M e n y i n g k a p Ttuiuhan O r i e n t a l s t c T f i a d a p Islam" W a l a u p u n i t u a d a , n a m u n b e r b e d a d a l a m p a n d a n g a n n y a s e p e r t i k a r y a R a g h i b A s

" Edward W . Said, Orientalisme, {Bandung: Pustaka, 1985}, cet. ke-1, hlin. 3-4

" Mustolah Maufur, Orientalisme Serbuan Ideologis dan Intelektual, (Jakarta: Pustaka Al-Kaursar, 1995), cet. ke-1, him. 15

" Majid Kailani, B a h a y a Zionism Terhadap Dunia I s l a m , (Solo: Pustaka Mantiq, 1988), cet. ke-1, him. 189

'* A h m a d bin Hajar A l i Buthany, Saksi islam dan Rasul di T i m u r dan B a r a t , Jakarta: I-'Ikahati Aneska, 1995], cet. ke-1, him. 235

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M e n y i n g k a p T u d u h a n O r i e n t a l i s t e r h a d a p I s l a m | 1 3 9

S i r j a n i t e n t a n g "Pengakium lokoh N o n m i t s l i r r i Dunia Tentang Islam" i l a l a m b u k u i n i d i g a m h a r k a n h c t h a g a i p a n d a n g a n y a n g b e r k a i t a n ( . l e i i g a n I s l a m a d a y a n g p o s i t i f m a u p u n y a n g n e g a t i f , t e t a p i y a n g n e g a t i f s a n g a t s e d i k i t . B a h k a n d a l a m k a r y a S y a f i i n M a i t s i i t t e n t a n g " O r i e n t a l i s m e " d a l a m b u k u i n i h a n y a s e d i k i t d i g a m b a r k a n p a n d a n g a n o r i e n t a l i s y a n g f a n a t i k d a n y a n g o b y e k t i f d a l a m m e m a n d a n g I s l a m .

T e r m a s u k j u g a , k a r y a A h u l H a s a n A l i N a d w i t e n t a n g " S t u t f i isUimi Orientalis dan Para Pakar M u . s l i m " h a n y a m e n g g a m b a r k a n s e l u k h o l u k k a j i a n o r i e n t a l i s d a n h a n y a s e d i k i t m e m a p a r k a n p e m i k i r a n o r i e n t a l i s y a n g p a l s u , h a l u s p r e s t a s i k a u m o r i e n t a l i s t e n t a n g I s l a m . B e g i t u p u l a , A h m a d M u h a m m a d J a m a l y a n g m e m a p a r k a n o r i e n t a l i s d a i a m b u k u n y a "Memhuka Tahir Upaya Orientalis Drdam MemaLsukan Islam" y a n g i l i d a l a m b u k u i n i , m e n g k r i t i s i t e t b a i l a p b e b e r a p a t o k o h o r i e n r a l i s d a n m e m l - i e r i k a n p u l a p e m i k i r a n o r i e n t a l i s y a n g i n s a f y a n g b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n I s l a m .

I ) a r i b e r b a g a i b u k u d a n p e n e l i t i a n t e r s e b u t , b e l u m . i d a y a n g f o k u s m e n g k a j i t e n t a n g p e r s o a l a n r u d u h a n o r i e n r a l i s t e r b a i i a p i s l a m . W a l a u p u n a d a y a n g m c m b a h a s n y a b a n y a u n t u k m e l e n g k a p i s a j a y a n g a d a d a l a m k a r y a - k a r y a y a n g b e r k a i t a n d e n g a t t k a j i a n " O r i e n t a l i s " . M a k a h a i i r i i , m e n e o i i a u n t u k m e n g k a j i . s e c a r a u t u h y a n g b e r k a i t a n i l e n g a n t u d u h a n o r i e n t a l i s t e r h a d a p I s l a m y a n g m e n j a d i k e t a k u t a n b a g i d u n i a B a r a t m a u p u t t H r o p a .

C . M e t o d e P e n e l i t i a n P e n e l i t i a n i n i a k a n d i f o k u s k a n p a d a p e n e l i t i a n k e p u s t a k a a n

[ l i b r a r y r i s e a r c h ) y a n g b e r k e n a a n r e n t a n g m e m e t a k a n t u d u h a n o r i e n t a l i s t e r h a d a p I s l a m . B e r a r t i p e n e l i t i a n i n i d i k e n a l d e n g a n p e n e l i t i a n p e m i k i r a n t o k o h a t a u d i s e b u t l i e n g a t t s t u d i t o k o h , d a n l a n g k a h -l a n g k a h n y a s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

1 . J e n i s P e n e l i t i a n P e n e l i t i a n y a n g b e r k e n a a n i l e n g a n s t u d i p e m i k i r a n t o k o h

t e r s e b u t , t e r m a s u k i l a l a m j e n i s p e n e l i t i a n k u a l i t a t i f k a r e n a k a i d a h -k a i d a h y a n g d i i i a n g u n i l ; i i a n i s t u i i i p e m i k i r a n t o k o b a d a l a h m e n g i k u t i

A q l a n i a , V o l . 07, No. 02 ( J u l i - D e s e m b e r ) 2016 ISSN: 2087-8613


k a i d a h - k a i d a h p e n e l i t i a n k u a l i t a t i f y a n g d i t u n j u k k a n u n t u k m e n d i s k r i p s i k a n d a n m e n g a n a l i s i s f e n o m e n a , p e r i s t i w a , a k t i v i t a s s o s i a l , p e r s e p s i , d a n p e m i k i r a n o r a n g s e c a r a i n d i v i d u a l m a u p u n k e l o m p o k . " H a l i n i , s e s u a i d e n g a n k a j i a n t e n t a n g t u d u h a n o r i e n t a i i t a s t e r h a d a p I s l a m d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n b e r b a g a i p e n d e k a t a n a n t a r a l a i n : [ 1 ] P e n d e k a t a n S e j a r a h s e b a g a i p i s a u a n a l i s i s u n t u k m e m a h a m i b e r b a g a i f e n o m e n a m a s a l a l u k a r e n a p e n y e l i d i k a n y a n g k r i t i s t e r h a d a p k e a d a a n -k e a d a a n , p e r k e m b a n g a n , s e r t a p e n g a l a m a n m a s a I a m p a u d a n m e n i m b a n g s e c a r a c u k u p t e l i t i d a n h a t i - h a t i t e n t a n g b u k t i v a l i d i t a s d a r i s u m b e r s e j a r a h . " D e n g a n k a t a l a i n , b a h w a p e n d e k a t a n s e j a r a h d a p a t m e n g g a m b a r k a n f e n o m e n a t e n t a n g k e a d a a n p e r k e m b a n g a n d a n p e n g a l a m a n m a s a l a l u d a r i s e o r a n g y a n g b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n k o n s e p , i d e d a n p e m i k i r a n n y a . [ 2 ] P e n d e k a t a n T e k t u a l d i p a n d a n g s a n g a t t e p a t u n t u k m e n g g a m b a r k a n s t u d i p e m i k i r a n t o k o h y a n g b e r k a i t a n t e n t a n g k a r y a r t i l i s b a i k y a n g t e r m u a t d a l a m b u k u , m a j a l a h , s u r a t k a b a r , d a n t e k s p i d a t o a t a u c e r a m a h . M a k a h a i i t i i d a p a t d i t a f s i r k a n d ; i r i t e k s - t e k s t e r s e b u t d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n h e m e n e u t i k a r e k o n t r u k s i y a n g b e r l o u t a n d e n g a n t u d u h a n o r i e n t a l s t e r h a d a p I s l a m s e c a r a o b y e k t i f d a n k r i t i s s e h i n g g a m e n g h a s i l k a n s e s u a t u y a n g b e r m a n f a a t d a n b i s a d i p e r t a n g g u n g j a w a b k a n s e c a r a i l m i a h . P e n d e k a t a n h e r m e n u t i k a r e k o n t r u k s i i n i d a p a t d i d e f i n i s i k a n o l e h S c h l e i r m a c h e r a d a l a h s e b a g a i s e n i m e m a h a m i [hermeneutics as the art of understanding]. J a d i , h e r m e n e u t i k a m e r u p a k a n p e n g e t a h u a n m e n g e n a i c a r a m e m a h a m i d a n m e n a f s i r k a n . S e d a n g k a n r e k o n t r u k s i b e r a r t i m e m b a n g u n k e m b a l i . D e n g a n k a t a l a i n , h e r m e n e u t i k a r e k o n t r u k s i a d a l a h m e m b a n g u n k e m b a l i p e m a h a m a n a t a u p e n a f s i r a n a t a s m a k n a t e k s s e p e r t i y a n g i l i m a k s i i i l o l e h p e n g a r a n y a d a n b u k a n m e m b u a t m a k n a b a r u y a n g

" S:iid:in, Perbandingan Pemikiran Pendidikan fslam Hasan Al / ianna dan Mobamnwiil Natsir, {Jakarta: Kementrian ARaina R l , 2011), ect. ke-1, iilin. 104

'"Mttii. Nazir, Metode Penelitian, (Jakarta: Ghal ia Iniionesia, 2005), cet. ke-6, hlin. 48


Menyingkap Tuduhan Orientalis terhadap Islam | 141

b e r b e d a d e n g a n a p a y a n g d i b a n g u n o l e h p e n u l i s t e k s . ( 3 | I V i u i e k a t a n K o m p a r a t i f s e l i a g a i p i s a u u n t u k m e n d r i s k r i p s i k a n t u d u h a n o r i e n t a l i s t e r h a d a p I s l a m s e h i n g g a j e l a s t e r l i h a t s p e s i f i k a s i p e m i k i r u y a . K a r e n a p e n d e k a t a n k o m p a r a t i f i n i , i n g i n m e n c a r i j a w a b a n s e c a r a m e u i l a s a r t e n t a n g s e b a l v a k i b a t , d e n g a n m e n g a n a l i s i s f a k t o r - f a k t o r p e n y e b a b t e r j a d i n y a a t a u m u n c u l n y a s u a t u f e n o m a n a . ' * D e n g a n k a t a l a i n , b a h w a p e n d e k a t a n k o m p a r a t i f i n i a d a l a h m e m b a n d i n g k a n p e m i k i r a n o r i e n t a l i s t e r s e b u t s e h i n g g a j e l a s s p e s i f i k a s i n y a , 2 . S u m l x - r D a t a

P e n e l i t i a n i n i m e r u p a k a n k a j i a n n a s k a h y a n g d i p e r o l e h d a r i r i s e t l i t e r a t u r y a n g i H - r s u m l u - r i l a r i i l a t a p r i m e r i l a n i l a t a s i - k u i u l u r . D a t a p r i m e r a i i a l a h d a t a p o k o k y a n g d i a m b i l l a n g s u n g d a r i s u m b e r a s l i n y a y a n g d i t u l i s o l e h o r i e n t a l i s a t a u p u n k a r y a - k a r y a y a n g b e r k e n a a n d e n g a n o r i e n r a l i s . . S e i l a n g k a n i l a t a . s e k u n d e r a i i a l a h i l a t a p e n i l u k u n g i l e n g a n p e n e l i t i a n m i , b a i k y a n g m e n y a n g k u r k a r y a t u l i s , b a s i l | - e i i e h l i a n m a u p u n i l a l a m s u r a t - s u r a t k a b a r . 3 . T e h n i k p e n g u m p u l a n D a t a

D a t a p e n e l i t i a n i n i l i i p i - r o l e h i l a t i i l a t a p r i m e r d a n d a t a . s e k u i u l i - r s e b a g a i s u m h e r p o k o k d a n s u m b e r p e n d u k u n g . D a r i k e i i u a l i a t a t e r s e b u t , i l a p a t i l i k u m p u l k a n d e n g a n t i g a c a r a , y a i t u [ 1 ] l a b a p ( . I r i e i u a s i a d a l a h u p a y a m e n g g u m p u l a k a n i l a t a s e c a r a u m u m a t a u m i - n g k l a s i l i k a s i p e m i k i r a n o r i e n t a l i s t e n t a n g I s l a m , | 2 | T a h a p e k s p o l a r a s i a i i a l a h u p a y a m e n g u m p u l k a n i l a t a s e c a r a t i - r a t a h l i a n t e r f o k u s k e p a i l a p e m i k i r a n o r i e n t a l i s t e r s e b u t . s e h i n g a m i - n i - m u k a n t i r i k r e l e v a s i n y a m e n g e n a i t u d u h a n k i - p a i l a I s l a m , d a n | 3 | T a h a p T e r f o k u s a i i a l a h u p a y a m e n g u m p u l k a n i l a t a y a n g m e n d a l a m j i a i i a p e m i k i r a n o r i e n t a l i s t e r s e b u t s e c a r a u t u b y a n g b e r k a i t a n i l e n g a n t u d u h a n k e p a d a I s l a m . 4 . A n a l i s i s I l a t a

' Mfiliii / a i n u l Bahii . .Sam Tuliati Ba!i;yal< Aganui /'aiiiiangan Supsiik l l m u Arabc. R u m u , dun Al / i l l . IBamiimi;: Mizan. 20 I I I . n i . ke- I . hlin. 10-1 1

'"niiifiinK Kahinaii . .Smiiilogi Ajjaiiia. {Manilnng: Rfiiiaja Rosilakarya. 2000). n-t. kc-1, hhn. 10



M e n g a n a l i s i s s e c a r a h i s t o r i s , t e k t u a l t l a n k o m p a r a t i f t e n t a n g t u d u h a n o r i e n t a l i s t e r h a d a p I s l a m d e n g a n k r i t i s d a n o b y e k t i f t e r u t a m a k e p a d a t o k o h o r i e n t a l i s . K a r e n a a n a l i s i s d a t a i n i m e r u p a k a n b a g i a n y a n g a m a t p e n t i n g d a l a m s e b u a h p e n e l i t i a n t e r m a s u k d a l a m p e n e l i t i a n s t u d i p e m i k i r a n t o k o h . ' " D e n g a n a n a l i s i s d a t a i n i a d a e m p a t c a r a y a i t u : [ 1 ] A n a l i s i s D o m a i n [ D o m a i n A n a l i y s i s ) d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e n d a p a t k a n g a m b a r a n y a n g b e r s i f a t u m u m d a n m e n y e l u r u h t e r h a d a p f o k u s p e n e l i t i a n i n i . ^ " A n a l i s i s i n i d i p a n d a n g s a n g a t r e l e v a n u n t u k m e m p e r o l e h g a m b a r a n k a j i a n o r i e n t a l i s t e r s e b u t , [ 2 ) A n a l i s i s T a k s o n a m i [ T a x o n o m i c A n a l y s i s ) m e m u s a t k a n p e r h a t i a n n y a p a d a d o m a i n u n t u k m e n d a p a t k a n g a m b a r a n y a n g l e b i h r i n c i d a l a m p e m i k i r a n t o k o h o r i e n t a l i s i t u y a n g b e r k e n a a n t e n t a n g t u d u h a n k e p a d a I s l a m , [ 3 | A n a l i s i s T e m a K u l t u r a l ( D i s c o v e r i n g C u l t u r a l T h e m a a n a l y s i s i ] m e n c a r a i h u b u n g a n d i a n t a r a d o m a i n d a n h u b u n g a n n y a y a n g n a m p a k k h a s d a r i s a n g t o k o h s e r t a r e l e v a n s i n y a d e n g a n b u d a y a m a s y a r a k a t . * ' | 4 | A n a l i s i s I s i [ t l o n r e n t A n a l y s i s i ] m e n g k r i t i s i d a n k o m p a r t i f a g a r d i k e t a h u i v a l i d a t a u t i i l a k n y a s e b u a h d a t a . * * D e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n a n a l i s i s i n i d a p a t m e m a h a m i d a n m e n g a d a k a n i n t e r p r e t a s i t e r h a d a p t u d u h a n o r i e n t a l i s k e p a d a I s l a m s e h i n g g a d a p a t d i s i m p u l a n d e n g a n o b y e k t i f .

D a r i e m p a t a n a l i s i s i n i , d a p a t m e n e m u k a n t i t i k s e b a l v s e b a b n y . a , p e r s a m a a n d a n p e r b e d a a n n y a s e c a r a p r o p o r s i o n a l s e s u a i d e n g a n p e m i k i r a n m e r e k a , l a l u d i s i m p u l k a n d a r i t o k o h o r i e n t a l i s i i u b u k a n u n t u k s e m a t a - m a t a m e n c a r i p e r b e d a a n - p e r b e d a a n y a n g m i n i m a l a t a u m a k s i m a l , m e l a i n k a n j u g a p e r s a m a a n - p e r s a m a a n n y a s e h i n g g a d a p a t d i j a d i k a n s e b a g a i a c u a n u n t u k s u a t u k e b e n a r a n y a n g s e s u n g g u h n y a .

'" Saitian, op.cit, h im. 110 '" Sugiono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif , K u a l i t a t i f dan R & l ) , (Bandung:

Vlfabeta, 2006), cet. ke-1, him. 287. lihat juga. Arief Furchan dan Agus Maimun, op.cit, ilm. 64

" Sugiono, loc.cit, lihat juga, Ar ie f Furchan dan Agus Maimun, op.cit, h im. .7

" Saidan. op.cit. him. 111

.qiania. Vol. 07, No. 02 (Juli-Desember) 2016 ;SN: 2087-8613

M e n y i n g k a p T u d u h a n O r i e n t a l i s t e r h a d a p I s l a m | 1 4 3

D. Haj.il Pencmuan Penelitian H a s i l p e n e l i t i a n i n i , m e n e g a s k a n b a h w a I s l a m a d a l a h a g a m a A l l a h

y a n g s e m p u r n a d a n t e t m a s u k a g a m a y a n g p a l i n g c e p a t b e r t u m h u h a n t l a n b e r k e m h a n g a n n y a . i s l a m a t l a l a h a g a m a p a r a N a b i k a r e n a s e m u a N a l u d a n R a s u l m e m b a w a m i s i a l - l s l a m . I s l a m a d a l a h a g a m a y a n g d i b a w a o l e l i N a b i M u h a m m a d S a w . p e n u t u p r i s a l a h s a m a w i . I s l a m a d a l a h a g a m a d u n i a k a r e n a I s l a m a g a m a b e s a r y a n g m e n d u n i a d a n u n i v e r s a l . I s l a m a d a l a h a g a m a a k h i r a t k a r e n a I s l a m a g a m a y a n g m e n g a j a r k a n k c s i m h a n g a n a n r a r a d u n i a d a n a k h i r a t . D a l a m k a i t a n i n i , I s l a m m e n j a i l i s o r o t a n o l e h k a u m e . r i e n t a l i s . s e h i n g g a m e n j a d i k a j i a n y a n g o b y e k t i f m a u p u n y a n g t i i l a k o b y e k t i f d a l a m m e m a b a m i I s l a m k a r e n a m e r e k a m e m p u n y a i m o t i f k o l o n i a i i s m e , m o t i f m i s s i o n a r i s m e , m o t i f i l i n i a i i d a n m o t i f p o l i t i k . s e r t a e k o n o m i s . L X - n g a n b e r b a g a i m o t i f t e r s e b u t , . s e h i n g g a a d a d u a p a n d a n g a t i o r i e t t t a i i s y a t t g t t e g a t i f d a t i p o s i t i f .

Pertimui, P a m i a t i g a n o r i e n t a l i s y a n g n e g a t i f t e r h a d a p i s l a m k a r e n a d i l a t a r i x - l a k a n g i d e t i g a n p e n n u s u b a n , k e b e n c i a n l i a n d e t i d a m k a r e n a a k i b a t p e r a n g s a l i b , w i l a y a h K r i s t e n d i k u a s a i i s l a m d a n i n e t i j a i l i p e n g h a l a t i g b a g i k r i s t e t i i s a s i d a n z i o t i i s m e Y a h u d i . B a h k a n t u i l i i h a t i y a n g d i l o n t a r k a n t c r h a i l a p I s l a m a d a l a h m e n y a n g k u r s u m b e r I s l a m , a q i d a h I s l a m , s y a r i a t I s l a t n , a k h l a k I s l a m d a t i p e n g e t a h u a n I s l a m . A d a p u t t k a u m o r i e n t a l i s y a n g m e n u d u h I s l a m s e b a g a i a g a m a b t t a t a n M u h a m m a d y a t i g p a l s u d a n m e t i i i k u t k a n a n t a r a l a i n :

1 . A n t h o n y N a t a r i e g m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a s e j a k M u h a m t n a d m e n g h i m p u t t p e n d u k u n g n y a p a d a a w a l a b a d k e - 7 m a . s e h i , d a n p e n y e b a r a n I s l a m d i m u l a i m a k a d u n i a B a r a t h a t u s m e m p c r h i r u t t g k a t i I s l a t n s c b a g i s a l a h s a t u k e k u a t a n a b a i l i t i a t t k o k o h y i i n g i l i h a i l a p i s e p a n j a n g a b a d p e r t c n g a b a n . * *

2 . M o r e B c r g e r i n e t t y a t a k a n b ; i b w a k e t a k u t a n t l a n p e r h a t i a n k i t a y a n g s u n g g u l v s u t i g g u h k e p a d a b a n g s a A r a b , b u k a n k a r e n a a d a t i y a k e k a y a a n m i t t y a k p a i i a b a n g s a t e r s e b u t , t e t a j i i k a r e n a i s l a m , i s l a m

' falal Alain, i-l.al, l / e i u l t i t n itatiii (/an Y i i l t u t l i ft'r/uuiii/i I s l a m , (Solo: Fui.ika Mantiq, DH7I . i r i K r I , iiliii. 4K 4 9

Aqlania, Vol. 07, No. 02 (Juli-Desember) 2016 ISSN: 2087 8613

http://Haj.il


h a r u s d i p e r a n g i d e n g a n j a l a n m e m e c a h k a n k e s a t u a n b a n g s a A r a b , k a r e n a d e n g a n k e s a t u a n i t u l a h A r a b m e n j a d i k u a t d a n k a s a t u a n A r a b b e r a r t i k e k u a t a n , k e p e r k a s a a n d a n t e r s e b a r l u a s n y a I s l a m . P e n y e b a r a n I s l a m y a n g b e g i t u m u d a h d i b e n u a A f r i k a t e l a h m e n j a d i k a n k i t a k e t a k u t a n . * ' *

3 . R i c h a r d N i x o n m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a s t r a t e g i p e r t a m a u n t u k m e n g h a l a n g i m u n c u l n y a I s l a m s e b a g a i a n c a m a n b a g i b a n g s a B a r a t . C a r a n y a a d a l a h m e n y a l a k a n a p i p e r m u s u h a n d i a n t a r a u m a t I s l a m , b e r u s a h a u n t u k t i d a k m e n g h i n t i k a n n y a d a n m e m b u a t k e t i d a k s t a b i l a n k o n d i s i p o l i t i k d i d u n i a I s l a m t e r u s b e r l a n g s u n g . I s l a m a k a n m e n j a d i k e k u a t a n g e o p o l i t i k y a n g e k s t r e m k a r e n a u m a t I s l a m y a n g d i d u k u n g d e n g a n p e r t u m b u h a n l a l u p e n d u d u k y a n g t i n g g i d a n s u m b e r d a y a a l a m y a n g t e r s e d i a a k a n m e m b e n t u k a n c i i m a n b e s a r , s e h i n g g a m e m a k s a b a n g s a - b a n g s a B a r a t b e r s a t u d e n g a n M o s k o w u n t u k m e n g h a d a p i b a h a y a p e r m u s u h a n d a r i d u n i a I s l a m . * *

4 . M a r t i n L u t h e r m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a o r a n g - o r a n g I s l a m t i i l a k a k a n b i s a d i a l i h k a n a g a m a n y a , h a t i m e r e k a m e m b a n t u , m e r e k a m e m b e n c i k i t a b s u c i , m e n o l a k a r g u m e n t a s i d a n b e r p e g a n g t e g u h p a d a k e b o l i o n g a n - k e b o h o n g a n A l - Q u r ' a n . K e m e n a n g a n d a n k e l i e r b a s i l a n y a n g l i i a r a i h o l e h o r a n g I s l a m h u k i i n m e r u p a k a n i n d i k a s i b a h w a T u h a n b e r s a m a m e r e k a . M e r e k a h a n y a d i j a d i k a n s a r a n a u n t u k m e m b u k t i k a n r a m a l a n K r i s t e n b a h w a d a r a h Y e s u s a k a n h e r l u m u r a n d a r i a w a l s a m p a i a k h i r m a s a , b i a r k a n l a h m e r e k a b e r b u a t , n a m u n T u h a n a k a n t e r l i m p a h k e p a d a k i t a s e l a m a k i t a p e r p e g a n g p a d a a j a r a n n y a . * "

5 . K e y m o n m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a s e s u n g g u h n y a a g a m a M u h a m m a d a i i a l a h p e n y a k i t k u s t a y a n g d a p a t m e n u l a r k e p a d a s e t i a p m a n u s i a .

" «.i


B a h k i i n m i - r u p u k a n p c n y a k i t y a n g m c n a k u t k a n y a n g d a p a t m e n y e h a h k a n m a n u s i a m e n j a d i m a l a s K i i l n i r a n M u h a m m a d t i i l a k l a i n a d a l a h p e n y e h a h k e g i l a a n u m a t I s l a m d a n k e l e m a l i a n m i n t a i y a n g r i a d a h e n t i - h e r t t i n y a . M e r e k a i t t e i n h i a s a k a n d i r i d e n g a n h a l - h a l y a n g I x - r s i f a t n a l t i r i a h , s e p e r t i m e m h e n c d a g i n g b a h i , n n n i i m a i t k e r a s d a n m i i s i k . A g a m a I s l a m s e l u r u h n y a b e r b i j a k p a d a s i k a p t a h a n m e n d e r i t a d a n a n t i k c s e n a n g a n . S a y a b e r a n g g a p a n h a h w a m e m h u n u h l i m a o r a n g I s l a m a d a l a h w a j i h d a n s i s a n y a i l i k e n a k a n h u k t i m a n k e r j a p a k s a . K a ' h a h h a r u s i l i b i n a s a k a n d a n i t t e n g h i n a k u h u r a n M u h a m m a d d e n g a n m e l e t a k k a n h a n g k a i n y a d i M e s i u m L o u r c . * *

6. T h o m a s A q u i n e s m e n y a t a k a n h a h w a I s l a m a d a l a h a g a m a o r a n g -o r a n g m u r t a d i l a r i K r i s t e n . A j a r a n n y a h a n y a b e r i s i k a n s y a i i w a t i , m e n c a m p u r a d i i k k a n k e b e n a r a n i l e n g a n i l o n g e n g i l o n g e n g l a m a s e r t a a j a r a n s e s a t . D a n k e n a b i a n M u h a m m a d t i d a k p e r n a b i l i k i i a t k a n o l e h m i i k j i z a t . T a k s a t i i p u n i l a r i p a r a s a h a b a t n y a y a n g m e n g e t a i i n i h a k i k a t t e o l o g i | k e t n i t a n a i i | , b a h k a n m e r e k a i t n a d a l a h k a i i m y a n g g a n a s i l a n b u a s . t X a n g B a i l i i i p e n d u d u k g i i r u n S a h a r a , M M h a m i n a i l l i a p a t m e n g h i m p u n p e n g i k u t y a n g b e g i n i b a n y a k k a r e n a d e n g a n m e m p e r g i i n a k a n k e k u a t a n m i l i t e r . * *

7 . H e n r y J e s t i p s m e n y a t a k a i i b a h w a o r a i t g I s l a m s e b e n a r n y a t i d a k m e m a h a m i a g a m a d a n t i d a k p u l a m e n g h a r g a i n y a . M e r e k a a d a l a h p e n c t i r i , p e m h u n u h d a n t e t h e l a k a n g . S e s u n g g u h n y a g e r a k a n K r i s t e n i . s a s i a k a n t e t a p b e r u p a y a m e m b i n a m e r e k a a g a r m e n j a d i b a n g s a I x ' r k e h u i l a y a a n . * "

8 . N e l s o n m e n y a t a k a n h a h w a I s l a m i t u j i p l a k a n a p a y a n g t e r b a i k i l l d a l a m a j a r a n n y a a d a l a h h a s i l i l a r i a j a r a n K r i s t e n . S e d a n g k a n a j a r a n -

' ' jaial Alum, i-i.al, i)/).tii, him. 5S-S6 '* Ahmail Ahi iul I hmiiil tilmrah. Meniiiiiu/ax/) Tabir Oricniii/uiru'. (lakarla;

I'lLstaka A l Kut.sar. I 'W2), ii-t. K i - l . i i l m . S4 '** Wamv. (iiTdkan K e a n t i m c i i n i liiiii /VmikiTdii. {Jakarta: Al-Ishiahy I'li-.ss. |9 i»t ) ,

ii-t. K i - 1 , ilil I . him. I 1 I



a j a r a n y a n g l a i n n y a m e r u p a k a n j i p l a k a n l i t u h a t a u s e b a g i a n d a r i I x r h n i a i s m e . * "

9 . M o n t g o m e r y W a t t m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a a q i d a h I s l a m t e r d i r i d a r i b e n t u k m e n y i m p a n g a n d a r i a j a r a n K r i s t e n . I s l a m a d a l a h s e b u a h a g a m a y a n g g a n a s d a n t e r s e b a r m e l a l u i p e d a n g . A g a m a I s l a m m e n g a j a k m a n u s i a a g a r m e n y i b u k k a n d i r i d a l a m d u n i a n a f s u , t e r u t a m a n a f s u s e k s u a l . D a n d a l a m p r i b a d i M u h a m m a d s e n d i r i t e r d a p a t k e l a m a h a n a k h l a k k a r e n a b a n y a k m e n i k a h i k a u m w a n i t a . M u h a m m a d a d a l a h s e o r a n g p e n d i r i a g a m a y a n g m e n y i m p a n g k a r e n a i t u d i j a d i k a n p r i n s i p b a h w a n y a M u h a m m a d a d a l a h s e n j a t a s y a i t a n a t a u t a n g a n k a n a n n y a s y a i t a h . * '

K e m u d i a n k a u m o r i e n t a l i s y a n g m e n u d u h b a h w a s u m b e r I s l a m y a n g m e n g a c u k e p a d a k i t a b s u c i T a u r a t Y a h u d i a t a u P e r j a n j i a n L a m a m a u p u n I n j i l K r i s t e n a t a u P e r j a n j i a n B a r u t e r u t a m a K i t a b S u c i A l -Q u r ' a n d a n H a d i t s N a b i s e b a g a i b u a t a n b e i a k a a n t a r a l a i n :

1 . G e o r g e S a l e m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a A l - Q u r ' a n b u k a n w a h y u d a n b u k a n m u k j i z a t . D i d a l a m n y a b a n y a k s e k a l i k e k e l i r u a n d a n s a t u s a m a l a i n s a l i n g k o n t r a d i s k i . K e b a n y a k a n i s i n y a d i c u k i l d a r i a j a r a n Y a h u d i , t i d a k h a n y a d a l a m p o k o k - p o k o k m a s a l a h n y a s a j a , a k a n t e t a p i d a l a m p e m b a g i a n d a n p e n g a t u r a n s e r t a s u s u n a n s u r a t d a n a y a t - a y a t n y a . L e b i h d a r i i t u , b a n y a k p e n g u l a n g a n d a n c e r i t a d o n g e n g - d o n g e n g k u n o d a n M u h a m m a d t i d a k l a i n a d a l a h p e n g a r a n g A l - Q u r ' a n i t u s e n d i r i , p e r a n c a n g n y a y a n g d i b a n t u o l e h o r a n g l a i n . I n i a d a l a h m a s a l a h y a n g t i d a k d i r a g u k a n l a g i d a n t e l a h d i s e p a k a t i o l e h s e m u a o r a n g k a r e n a t i d a k a d a n y a p r o s t e s a t a u u s u l a n d a r i p a r a s a h a b a t -N y a . "

ll.id, him. 111 " Ahmad Abdul Hainid Ohurab, op.cit, him. 48 " ;(>i,i, him. 60

iqlania. Vol. 07, No. 02 (Juli-Desember) 2016 iSN: 2087-8613


2 . R i c h a r d B e l l m e n y a t a k a n h a h w a M u h a m m a d d a l a m m e n y u s u n A l -Q u r ' a n t e l i i h m e n g a m h i l s u m h e r Y a i i u d i , k h u s u s n y a P e r j a n j i a n L a m a d a n s u m l x - r K r i s t e n P e r j a n j i a n B a r u . * *

3 . W i l l i a m M u i r m e n y a t a k a n h a h w a a g a m a Y a h u d i d a n K r i s t e n t e l a h mcmlx-r h i h i t p e n g e t a h u a n k e p a d a M u h a m m a d , k e m u d i i i n d a r i p a d a n y a d i p r o d u k s i A l - Q u t ' a n m a k a A l - Q u r ' a n b u k a n l i t i n a n T u h a n p e l a i n k a n p e t k a t a a n M u h a m m a d . * " *

4 . N i c h o l a s o f ( . a i . s a m e n y a t a k a n M u h a m m a d a j a r a n a g a m a n y a I x - r a . s a l d a r i a j a r a n K r i s t e n m a k a I s l a m d a n p e n g a n u t n y a d a p a t k e m b a l i p a d a a j a r a n y a n g s u c i y a k n i a g a m a K r i s t e n . A l - Q u r ' a n y a n g d i t u l i s n y a b a n y a k n i l a i k e a g a m a a n y a n g b a i k d a n I x - u a r k a r e n a M u h a m m a d t e l a h d i p e n g a r u h i o l e h a j a r a n Y a h u d i d a n K r i s t e n . K e n d a t i M u h a m m a d t e l a h m e m p e r o l e h s e b a g i a n k e b e i i a t a u K r i s t e n , n a m u n k e . s e s a t a n b e r s u m l x - r d a r i t i g a a s p e k , y a i t u | i | K e k e l i r u a n i n f o r m a s i y a n g d i p e r o l e h n y a d a r i . s e k t e N e s t o r i a n i l a n d a r i k e l o m p o k Y a h u d i , | 2 | U p a y a M u h a m m a d m e n g a d a p t a s i k a n i n f o r m a s i - i n f o r m a s i y a n g d i p e r o l e h n y a t e r s e b u t d e n g a n l i n g k u n g a n A r a b p e r m i t i f y a n g t i d a k m e n g e n a i T u h a n , [ 2 ) K i - . s i - n j a n g a n M u h a m m a i l u n t u k m e m a l s u k a n a j a r a n a s l i y a n g d i p e r o l e h n y a u n t u k m e m e n u b i k e p e n t i n g a n p r i b a i l i d a n p o l i t i k n y a . * *

5 . A b r a h a m I . K a t c h m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a M u h a m m a d m e n i r u d a r i K i t a b Y a h u i l i k a r e n a i a s e n d i r i t i d a k p e r n a b m e n y a t a k a n i l i t i m e n d i r i k a n s i - l n i a h a g a m a b a r u . l a t i d a k b i - r m a k s a d m e m b a t a l k a n k i t a b P e r j a n j i a n L a m a d a n P e r j a n j i a n B a r u m e l a i n k a n d e n g a n s | i i r i l d a n m e n g a n g k a t n y a i l a l a m I x n t u k k i t a b s u c i y a n g t e r t u l i s d a l a m A l -Q u r ' a n k a r e n a A l - Q u t ' a n b u k a n b e r a s a l i l a r i t r a d i s i K r i . s t e n t e t a p i d a r i t r a d i s i Y a h u d i . * "

" Wiiiiiy, (>|i.iii, liliii. 2 1 Moll. Niil.sir Miiliiiuul. ( hii'iiln/nm.- A/Gi i i 'an ili Mata Baral, ISc iii.inmM:

Dina I Itmiiii, ili ), lilm 9 7 " Alwi Miiliiil), I ) / ) . I I t . Iiliii. (>7 t)H '* Moll. Nat.sir MiiliitiiiJ, M / M I I , hlin. 9 ' t



6 . S p r a n g e r m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a H a d i t s N a b i i t u k e b a n y a k a n b i k i n a n o r a n g s e m a t a - m a t a . * *

7 . Y o s e f S c h o t m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a s a n a d H a d i t s N a b i h a n y a b i k i n a n b e i a k a , b a h k a n H a d i t s - h a d i t s s e b e n a r n y a b a n y a l a h a t U r a n - a t u r a n y a n g d i b i k i n - d i b i k i n u n t u k m e n e g a k k a n m a z h a b f i q h . B a h k a n m a z a h a b f i q h i t u t e l a h a d a t e r l e b i h d a h u l u , b a r u k e m u d i a n m e r e k a d a t a n g k a n h a d i t s - h a d i t s u n t u k m e n g u a t k a n n y a . H a d i t s N a b i i t u b e l u m d i d a p a t i m a n u s i a k e c u a l i s e s u d a h m a s a I m a m S y a f i ' i k e t i k a I m a m S y a f i ' i m e n g a n g g a p H a d i t s i n i . s e b a g a i s a l a h s a t u p o k o k a g a m a , m a k a p a r a p e m a l s u H a d i t s b e r e b i i t a n u n t u k m e m b u a t H a i l i t s - h a d i t s p a l s u g u n a m e m p e r k u a t m a z h a b m e r e k a m a s i n g -m a s i n g d a n u n t u k m e m b a t a l k a n r n a z h a b y a n g b e r t e n t a n g a n d e n g a n m a z i i a h n y a . * *

8 . I g n a c e C l o l d z i h e r m e n y a t a k a n h a h w a S i i n n a h a t a u H a d i t s a d a l a h i s t i l a h a n i m i s , k e m u d i a n d i p a k a l o l e h o r a n g - o r a n g I s l a m . * ' B a h k a n H a d i t s b u k a n d a r i N a b i m e l a i n k a n b u a t a n u l a m a i l a n a b l i f i q h y a n g d i j a d i k a n . s e b a g a i a s a s I s l a m y a n g m u l t i d i m e n s i , k o m p r e h i n s i f d a n m e n c a k u p s e g a l a a s p e k k e h i d u p a n . B a n y a k k a l i m a t a t a u p e t k a t a a n H a d i t s y a n g d i a m b i l d a r i k i t a b P e r j a n j i a n L a m a d a n P e r j a n j i a n B a r u , k h u t b a h p a r a p c n d e t a , a j a r a n f i l s a f a t Y u n a n i , k a t a - k a t a m u t i a t a o r a n g P e r s i d a n o r a n g I n d i a y a n g s e m u a i t u m e m p u n y a i k e d u d u k a n y a n g s a n g a t b a i k d a l a m s y a r i a t I s l a m m e l a l u i a j a r a n y a n g d i s e b u t H a d i t s . " * "

9 . H a m i l t o n G i b b m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a H a d i t s N a b i a d a l a h k e k u a t a n y a n g a m p u h u n t u k m e n e g a k k a n a g a m a I s l a m p a d a k u r u n p e r t a m a , p a d a h a l k e b a n y a k a n H a d i t s i t u d i a m b i l o l e h M u h a m m a d d a r i a j a r a n a g a m a K r i s t e n d a n B u d d h a . " * '

" Aluiiai l Muhammad Jamal, op.cit, h im. 101 I b i d , him. 10ai03 M . M . Azami, Hadits h l a b a w i dan S e j a r a h K o n d i f i k a s i n y a , {Jakarta: Pu-staka

l-irdau.s, 19941, ict . K e - 1 , h im. 20 AJmiad Muhammad Jamal, op.cit, him. 102 Ibid, him. 103

\qlania. Vol. 07, No. 02 (Juli-Desember) 2016 SSN: 2087-8613

file:///qlania

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K i i u m O r i o n t i i l i s j u g a m e n u d u h b a h w a a q i d a h I s l a m a i i a l a h p e n y i m p a n g a n i l a r i k e y a k i n a n Y a h u d i d a n K r i s t e n y a n g d i j a d i k a n s e b a g a i p o k o k k e i m a n a n M u s l i m a n t a r a l a i n :

1 . M o n t g o m e r y W a t t m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a a q i d a h I s l a m t e r d i r i d a r i b e n t u k p e n y i m p a n g a n d a r i a j a r a n K r i s t e n . I s l a m a d a l a h s e h u a h a g a m a y a n g g a n a s d a n t e r s e b a r m e l a l u i p e d a n g . A g a m a I s l a m m e n g a j a k m a n u s i a a g a r m e n y i b u k k a n d i r i d a l a m d u n i a n a f s u , t e r u t a m a n a f s u s e k s u a l . D a n d a l a m p r i b a d i M u h a m m a d . s e n d i r i t e r d a p a t k e l e m a h a n a k h l a k k a r e n a i a a d a l a h s e o r a n g p e n i l i r i a g a m a y a n g m e n y i m p a n g . * *

2 . I g n a c e ( . i o l i l z i h e r m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a I s l a m m e r u p a k a n h i m p u n a n p e n g e t a h u a n i l a n p a n d a n g a n a g a m a - a g a m a l a i n y a n g s e n g a j a i l i | i i l i h o l e h M u h a m m a i l . B a h k a n I s l a i i t d e n g a n a q i d a h i l a n i u i k i m i -h u k u m n y a b u k a n d a r i M u h a m m a d y a n g m e m b a w a n y a d a n b u k a T i p u l a i l a r a n g n y a d a r i A l l a h m e l a i n k a n d i s a d a p d a r i Y a l i i u i i d a n K r i s t e n . I i - r m a s u k s e b a g i a n b e s a r p o k o k - p o k o k d a n c a b a n g - i a h a n g a j a r a n I s l a m i l i a m b i l d a r i a g a m a b a n g s a l a i n , y a i t u b a n g s a I n i l i a , P e r s i a d a n R o m a w i , k e m u d i a n d i c a m p u r d e n g a n h a s i l p e m i k i r a n d a n r e k a y a s a s e n d i r i . L a l u i a m e m p r o k l a m a s i k a n d i r i n y a s e b a g a i p e m b a w a r i s a l a h d a n n u b u w a h y a n g d a t a n g u n t u k m e m p e r b a i k i k e a d a a n b a n g s a A r a b y a n g m e n y e m b a h b e r h a l a . * *

3 . A . J . W i n s i n k e m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a a q i d a h I s l a m t i d a k j e l a s d a l a m g a m b a r a n a l - Q u r a n k a r e n a A l - Q u r a n t i d a k m e m b e r i k a n p e n g e r t i a n a d a n y a b e n t u k a q i d a h I s l a m y a n g d a p a t d i j a d i k a n s e b a g a i p a t o k a n u n t u k m e m b e d a k a n d e n g a n a g a m a l a i n a t a u d a l a m m e m l x d a k a n d e n g a n f i r q o h f i r q o h y a n g a d a . M u h a m m a d m e m b e r i k a b a r g e m b i r a k e p a i L i k a u m m u s y r i k i n Q u r a i s y i l e n g a n d a t a n g n y a a g a m a i i a r u y a n g d i a m b i l d a r i a j a r a n Y a l n i i i i d a n N a s h r a n i . B e l i a u m e n g u l a n g - u l a n g

A l ) i i i : i i l A I H I I I I I l a i i i k l ( i l i i i r a l ) , .iit, l i l i i i . 4 8 A h i i i a i l M i i h a i m i u K i ja inai , o/i.iii, h i m . 2 5 0 - 2 5 2



k i s a h p a r a n a b i - n a b i t e r d a h u l u y a n g b a n y a k d i s e b u t d a l a m T a u r a t d a n I n j i l . * *

B e g i t u p u l a , s y a r i a t I s l a m a t a u u n d a n g - u n d a n g I s l a m d i t u d u h o l e h k a u m o r i e n t a l i s b e r s u m b e r d a r i u n d a n g - u n d a n g R o m a w i y a n g d i j a d i k a n s u m b e r r u j u k a n h u k u m I s l a m a n t a r a I a i n :

1 . P h o n K r e m e r m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a s y a r i a t I s l a m m e n g a m b i l a t a u m c n l a n j u t k a n d a r i p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n R o m . a w i y a n g d i j a d i k a n s u m b e r b a g i p a r a f u q a h a M u s l i m d a l a m m e l e t a k k a n k a i d a h - k a i d a h a s a s i s y a r i a t I s l a m . * *

2 . S h e l d o n A m u s h m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a s y a r i a t I s l a m t i d a k l e b i h d a r i p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n R o m a w i k e r a j a a n T i m u r y a n g d i s e s u a i k a n d e n g a n k o n d i s i p o l i t i k d i k e r a j a a n - k e r a j a a n A r a b d a n p e r u n d a n g -u n d a n g a n M u h a m m a d t i d a k l a i n b a n y a l a h p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n G e s t a n i y a n d e n g a n p a k a i a n A r a b . * "

3 . I g n a c e G o l d z i h e r m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a f i q h I s l a m a d a l a h c i p l a k a n a t a u m e n g a c u p a d a u n d a n g - u n d a n g R o m a w i , b a i k m e n g e n a i j a l a n n y a m a u p u n d e t a i l - d e t a i l y a n g d i p e n g a r u h i n y a . * *

A k h l a k I s l a m p u n t i d a k l e p a s d a r i t u d u h a n o r i e n t a l i s y a n g m e n g a n g g a p b a h w a m o r a l I s l a m y a n g a k a n m e n j a d i p e n g h a l a n g b a g i p e r a d a b a n m a k a m o r a l I s l a m h a r u s d i r u n t u h k a n l e w a t p e n d i d i k a n l i b e r a l d a n p e r a d a b a n B a r a t a n t a r a l a i n :

1 . M a r m a d u k e m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a u m a t I s l a m s e k a r a n g i n i b i s a m e n y e b a r k a n p e r a d a b a n n y a k e s e l u r u h d u n i a d e n g a n c e p a t , s e b a g a i m a n a y a n g t e l a h d i l a k u k a n o l e h p a r a p e n d a h u l u n y a . S y a r a t n y a a d a l a h m e r e k a h a r u s k e m b a l i k e p a d a a k h l a k y a n g

' A h m a d Abdul Hamid Ghuvab, op.cit, l i lm. 140 '" Mahinud Hamdi Zaq'.uq, Orientalume dan L a t a r Belakang PemikiTannia,

{Bangil: Persatuan, 1984}, cet. Ke-1 , hhn. 114 '"' \hid, lilin. 115, lihat jiiga Sobhi Malunassani, Filsafat H u k u m I s l a m ,

(BaiuhmM: Al-Ma'atif, 1976}, cet. Ke-1 . him. 269 '" A h m a d Muhammad Jamal, op.cit, him. 333



d i p r n k r o k k a n o l e h g e n e r a s i p e r t a m a . D u n i a y a n g b i n g u n g i n i t i d a k a k a n s a n g g u p h e r k u r i k d i l i a t i a p a n r u b p e r a d a b a n m e r e k a . '"

2 . S a m u e l Z w e i m e r m e n y a t a k a n h a h w a m i s s i u t a m a y a n g d i h e l i a n k a n o l e h N e g a r a - n e g a r a K r i s t e n k e p a d a k i t a b u k a n l a h m e n j a i l i k a n k a u m M u s l i m s e b a g a i o r a n g K r i s t e n , k a r e n a h a i i t u a d a l a h s o a l I t i d a y a i t d a n k e m u l i a a n . M i s s i u t a m a k i t a a d a l a h m e n g e l u a r k a n . s e o r a n g M u s l i m d a r i I s l a m , s u p a y a m e n j a d i o r a n g y a n g t i d a k m e m | H i n y a i h u b u n g a n a p a - a p a d e n g a n A l l a h , s e h i n g g a i a t i d a k m e m p u n y a i i k a t a n a k h l a k s e b a g a i p e g a n g a n h i d u p u m a t I s l a m . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n a k a n m e m h u k a p i n t u b a g i k e m e n a n g a n i m p e r i a l i s d i k e r a j a a n - k e r a j a a n I s l a m . T u g a s k a l i a n a d a l a h m e m p e r s i a p k a n g e n e r a s i l i a r u y a n g j a u h d a r i I s l a m , t e t a p i t i i l a k u . s a h m e m a s u k k a n n y a k e d a l a m K r i s t e n . G e n e r a s i M u s l i m y a n g s e s u a i d e n g a n k e h e n d a k k a u m p e n j a j a h , g e n e r a s i y a n g m a l a s d a n I t a n y a m e m c n t i n g k a n k e p u a s a n h a w a n a f s u n y a . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n m i . s s i u t a m a k a l i a n b i s a t e r p c i u i i t i i l e n g a n . s e b a i k - b a i k n y a . * "

3 . T a k l y m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a k i t a h a r u s m e n g g a i a k k a n p e m b a n g u n a n s e k o l a l v . s e k o i a i i s e k u l e r m o d e l B a r a t , k a r e n a d a p a t m e n g g o i i i a n g k a n k e i m a n a n m a y o i i t a s u m a t i s l a m t e r h a i i a p a j a r a n L s l a m d a n A l -Q u r ' a n . ' "

4 . H a m i l t o n A . R . G i b b m e n y a t a k a n h a h w a I s l a m t e l a h k e h i l a n g a n k o n t r u l n y a t e r h a d a p k e h i d u p a n u m a t . G h y e k p e r h a t i a n I s l a m t e l a h m e n y e m p i t s e c a r a b e r a n g s u r - a n g s u r . s e h i n g g a i i a n y a t e r t i n g g a l p a i l a u p a c a r a i i i a d a h s a j a . H v o l u s i i n i t e r j a d i . s e c a r a h e r t a i i a p t a n p a d i s a d a r i d a n s u l i t u n t u k k e m b a l i d a l a m k e a d a a n s e m u l a . K e m u i u i u r a n t e r . s e i n i t s a n g a t t e r l i h a t p a d a t o k o h d a n p e m i m p i n I s l a m t e r u t a m a p a r a p e m u i l a i i y a . S e m u a k e j a i l i a n i n i a d a l a i t b a s i l p e l i i i i i i i k a n d a n k e b u i l a y a a n s e k i i l e r . "

*" liilal 'Alam, et.al., o p x i l , him. 6 1 •'" ; M , him. 6 2

I b i d . him. 6 1 ^' I b i d , him. 6 1 - 6 4



5 . A n n e M e y l i g h a n e m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a k i t a t e l a h m a m p u m e n g h i m p u n g a d i s - g a d i s K a i r o d a r i k e l u a r g a b u r u h d a n t u k a n g . D i t e m p a t - t e m p a t l a i n k i t a t i d a k m u n g k i n b i s a m e n g h i m p u n g a d i s - g a d i s m u s l i m a t s e b a n y a k i t u d i b a w a h b i m b i n g a n K r i s t e n . T i d a k a d a c a r a t e r b a i k u n t u k m e m b o b o l k a n b e n t e n g I s l a m k e c u a l i m e l a l u i s e k o l a h a n s e p e r t i i n i . * *

P e n g e t a h u a n I s l a m d i t u d u h p u l a o l e h k a u m o r i e n r a l i s y a n g m e n g g a n g g a p b a h w a p e n g a t a h u a n I s l a m r e r u r a m a d a l a m b i d a n g f i l s a f a t I s l a m d a n p e r a d a b a n I s l a m b e r s u m b e r d a r i Y u n a n i a n r a r a l a i n :

1 . E . R e n a n m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a I s l a m a d a l a h a g a m a y a n g r i d a k m e m b e r i k a n p e l u a n g u n t u k i l m u d a n f i l s a f a t s e r t a a n a l i s a y a n g h o l l a s , b a h k a n I s l a m m e n j a d i p e n g h a l a n g b a g i n y a . B e r a r t i f i l s a f a t a d a l a h p e t i k a n a t a r i j i p l a k a n d a r i f i l s a f a t Y u n a n i a t a r i d e n g a n k a t a l a i n , b a h w a f i l s a f a t I s l a m a d a l a h f i l s a f a t Y u n a n i y a n g d i t u l i s d e n g a n h r i n i f A r a b . * *

2 . K a r l H i e z i e s B a k k e r m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a r u b I s l a m t e r p e n g a r r i h f a k t o r - f a k t o r d a r i l u a r h i l a n g l a h k e m a n d i r i a n n y a , r i d a k r e r g a m b a r p e m i k i r a n - p e m i k i r a n n y a k e c u a l i d e n g a n k e s e p a k a t a n a t a u i j m a . N a m u n k i t a d a p a t i r u b Y u n a n i l e b i h m a m p u b e r f i l s a f a r d a r i p a d a k a u m m u s l i m i n . * *

3 . B e r n a r d L e w i s m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a I s l a m a d a l a h k u m p u l a n p e r a d a b a n y a n g t i d a k m e m p u n y a i k e a s l i a n k a r e n a I s l a m r e l a h m c n u k i l d a r i p e r a d a b a n b a n g s a l a i n , s e p e r t i Y a h u d i , K r i s t e n , Y u n a n i d a n P e r s i a . D i s a m p i n g p e r a d a b a n y a n g a d a d a l a m l i n g k u n g a n d i m a n a I s l a m t u m b u h , y a k n i d a r i p e r a d a b a n J a h i l i y a h A r a b . * *

" /bid, him. 68-69 " Mahinud Hamdi Zaqruq, op.cit, h im. 118, lihat juga, Al imad Hanafi,

Pengantar Filsafat I s l a m , Oakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1996), cet. Ke-6, Ii lm. 14 Mahmud Hamdi Zaqzuq, op.cit, h im. 118

" A h m a d Abdul Hamid Ghurab , op.cit, h im. 168



4 . T e n n c m a n n m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a K i t a b s u c i u m a t I s l a m m e n g h a i a n g -h a l a n g i k e l x i i a s a n b e r f i k i r k a r e n a g o l o n g a n M u s l i m s e l a l u m e m e g a n g t e g u h t e r h a d a p t e k s a g a m a s e h i n g g a m e r e k a m c n u i j a -m u j a p e m i k i r a n f i l s a f a t Y u n a n i y a n g m e r e k a t i d a k d a p a t m e m a h a m i d e n g a n b a l k t e r h a d a p p e m i k i r a n n y a . B a h k a n m e r e k a m u d a l i t c i p e n g a r u h o l e h a n g a n - a n g a n n y a . * " K e d u a , p a m i a n g a n o r i e n r a l i s y a n g p o s i t i f d a n s e k a l i g u s m e i n l i a n t a i i

r u d u h a n o r i e n t a l i s y a n g r i d a k o b y e k t i f m a u p u n y a n g n e g a t i f t e r h a i i a p I s l a m . B a h k a n p e m i k i r a n m e r e k a d i r i n g g a l k a n k a r e n a k c i l u s t a a n d a n p e m b o h o n g a n y a n g t a k t e r b u k t i k e h e n a r a n n y a a t a s r u d u h a n r e r h a i i a p I s l a m t a n p a f a k t a y a n g i l m i a h d a n j a u h d a r i k e b e n a r a n a n r a r a l a i n :

1 . C . a r i y l e m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a a l b b e s a r b a g i s i a p a s a j a y a n g h e r i l i a m d i r i h a n y a i n e m i e n g a r k a n b e r b a g a i r u d u b a n d a n p e n g l i i n a a n y a n g d i t u n j u k k a n k e p a d a i s l a m i l a n N a b i n y a . K e w a j i b a n u m a r I s l a m a d a l a h m e n a n g k a i , m e n g a n r i s i p a s i , m e n j a w a b d a n m e m e r a n g i b e r b a g a i r u i i u i i a n p a l s u t e r s e l i u t . L a n t a r a n r i s a l a h a g u n g y a n g d a b a w a o l e b R a s u l u l l a h M u h a m m a d S a w . y a n g m u l i a i n i a k a n s e l a l u m e r u p a k a n l : i m p u y a n g m e n e r a n g i u m a r M a n u s i a . * *

2 . l ) e L a i y O ' l e a r y m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a a d a p r o p a g a n d a l i i i k y a n g d i b e m l H i s k a n m u s u h I s l a m b a h w a p a d a e r a k e k u a s a a n i s l a m , k a u m m u s l i m i n I x - r s i k a p k e j a m d a n p e n u h p e n i n d a s a n . P e n d u d u k n c g e r i -n e g e r i y a n g i l i k u a s a i k a u m m u s l i m i n d i p a k s a m e m e l u k i s l a m d e n g a n r e k a n a n d a n a n c a m a n b u n u s a n p e d a n g . S e m u a i t u a i i a l a i i c e r i t a - c e r i t a b o l t o n g d a n t i r n a i i y a n g s e n g a j a d i b u a t p a r a . s c j a r a w a n B a r a t . L u d u i r a n k e j i . s e p e r t i i r u b a n y a k e l u a r d a r i p a r a p e m i k i r l i a n s e j a r a w a n y a n g m e m i l i k i k e i a i n a n m e n t a l . S e m u a i r u a d a l a h U t o p i a t e r b e s a r y a n g p e r n a b a d a d i b u m i i n i . * "

Aluniul I liiii:ili, op.cit, liliii. 1 3 " I h u l . hlin. 204 • " R.nehih A.S Sirjani, Pengakuon To/coK Nonmus/im Dunia /cninnj; h i i m ,

IBandung: Sygma i'nhli.shing, 2010), cet. ke-1, him. 185



3 . B o z e n a G a j a n e S t r z y z e w s k a m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a I s l a m d i s e b a r k a n d e n g a n b u n u s a n p e n d a n g a d a l a h k e b o h o n g a n y a n g n y a t a . T u d u h a n k e j i s e p e r t i i t u b e n a r - b e n a r r i d a k s e s u a i d e n g a n r e a l i t a s s e j a r a h d a n f a k t a . * "

4 . A r t h u r J o h n A r b e r r y m e m p e r i n g a t k a n k e p a d a p a r a o r i e n r a l i s a g a r r i d a k r e r b u r u - b u r u m e m b e r i p e n i l a i a n n e g a t i f t e r h a d a p I s l a m s e l i e l u m m e n g e n a i h a k i k a t y a n g s e b e n a r n y a . O l e h k a r e n a n y a i a m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a s e b e l u m m e m b e r i k a n p e n i l a i n t e r h a d a p d u n i a I s l a m d a n m a s y a r a k a r n y a , b a g i i l m u w a n B a r a t h e n d a k n y a m e n y i n g k i r k a n k e t a k u t a n , k e s a l a h p a h a m a n , d a n k e b o h o n g a n -k e b o h o n g a n y a n g r e l a h m e m h a t u . S i k a p t e r s e b u t m e r u p a k a n s u a t u s i k a p p o s i t i f y a n g h a r u s d i p u n y a i o l e h i l m u w a n B a r a t y . m g m e m i l i k i i i a t i n u r a n i y a n g h i d u p . M e s k i p u n m e n e p i s k a n p e r a s a a n t e r s e b u t t e r a s a b e r a t d a n a m a t s u s a h . " "

5 . T h o m a s W a l k e r A r n o l d m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a r i a d a s a t u p u n r i s a l a h I s l a m y a n g b e r s e b e r a n g a n d e n g a n n i l a i - n i l a i l o g i k a . S e m u a a j a r a n I s l a m a d a l a h l o g i s d a n b i s a d i c e r n a o l e h a k a l m a n u s i a d a r i g o l o n g a n m a n a p u n . I n i p u l a y a n g m e n j a d i r a h a s i a p e n y e b a r a n a j a r a n I s l a m b e r l a n g s u n g s a n g a t m u d a h . B a h k a n s e r u a n k e p a d a I s l a m d i k l a i m m a y o r i t a s m a s y a r a k a t B a r a t t e r s e b a r d e n g a n p o l i t i k k e k u a s a a n . S u n g g u h k l a i m t e r s e b u t t i d a k b e r d a s a r , I s l a m t e r s e b a r l u a s b u k a n k a r e n a p o l i t i k k e k u a s a a n , p o l i t i k u a n g , s e r t a t r i k - r r i k d a k w a h y a n g l i c i k d a n k o t o r . I s l a m t e r s e b a r k a r e n a k e t u l u s a n j i w a p a r a d a i y a n g m e n y i a r k a n I s l a m s e r t a l a h i r d a r i s e m a n g a t s p i r i t u a l i t a s m e r e k a y a n g j e r n i h . K a r e n a n y a s y i a r I s l a m b e r s a n d i n g l u r u s d e n g a n n i l a i - n i l a i s p i r i n i a l I s l a m i r u s e n d i r i b a h w a I s l a m t e r s e b a r k a r e n a k e r j a d a k w a h , b u k a n k a r e n a p o l i t i k k e k u a s a a n . " '

"' Ihul. h l i u . 3 9 4 ''" AlKlurrahinan Badawi, Ensikiopedi Tokoh t>i€:»itaiij, {Yi>Kyakarta: L K I S ,

2003), m . kc-1, him. 3-4 "' Ragliib As Sirjani, op.cit, l i lm. 90


1


6 . K a r e n A m s t r o n g m e n y a t a k a n h a h w a s a l a h b e s a r a p a b i l a k i t a m e n i l a i I s l a m a d a l a h a g a m a y a n g m e n g a j a r k a n k e k e r a s a n a r a i i t e r o r i s m e m a u p u n f a n a r i s m e s e p e r r i o p i n i y a n g m e n g e m u k a s e l a m i n i . J u s r r u I s l a m a d a l a h a g a m a u n i v e r s a l j a u h d a r i r i a k - r i a k f a n a r i s m e . s e r r a s e n r i m e n r p e r m u s u h a n k e r i m u r a n m a u p u n p e r m u s u h a n r c r h a d a p b a n g s a - b a n g s a B a r a r . " *

D a r i b a n r u h a n o r i e n r a l i s r c r h a d a p o r i n r a i i s r e r s e h i i r l i i k i i a r k a n p u l a o l e h k a u m m u s l i m i n b a h w a p e m i k i r a n o r i e n r a l i s r i d a k j a i i i i b e r b e d a d e n g a n r u d u h a n k a u m k a f i r Q u r a i s y . S e b a g a i m a n a y a n g d i n y a t a k a n o l e h A b d u l H a m i d t l h u r a b b a h w a r i u i i i h a n m e r e k a i r u h a n y a m e n g u l a n g -u l a n g s a j a , . s e k a l i p u n r i d a k s a m a b e n t u k d a n g a m b a r a i n i y a . n a i m i n h a k i k a t n y a . s a r i i i l a n k e m i r q i a n n y a p u n s a n g a t k c t a r a i l e n g a n k a n i n m u s y r i k i n . ' ' * i k i b k a n Z a k i r A l i i i i i l K a r i m N a i k m e n e g a s k a n b a l i w a I s l a m b u k a n a g a m a p e d a n g m e l a i n k a n a g a m a y a n g m e n c i n t a i k i i l a m a i a n k a r e n a I s l a m d a t a n g d i S p a n y o l r i d a k p e r n a b m e n g i i n a k a n p e d a n g n n n i k m e m i i k s a o r a n g l a i n m e m e l u k a g a m a I s l a m . i V t a p i p e n g i k n r p e r a n g s a l i i i d a t a n g d a n m e m i i a n r a i o r a n g - o r a n g I s l a m d a n t i d a k a d a s e o r a n g p u n p e m e l u k a g a m a i s l a m d i S p a n y o l y a n g i r e r a n i m e n g u m a n i l a n g k . i n a z a n . P e d a n g m a n a k a h y a n g m e n y e b a r k a n i s l a m . M e s k i p u n o r a n g I s l a m m e m i l i k i p e d a n g t e t a p i m e r e k a t i d a k m e n g g u n a k a n n y a u n t u k m e n y e b a r k a n a g a m a I s l a m k a r e n a A l - Q u r ' a n m e l a r a n g n y a u n t u k m e m a k s a n a k a n n y a . ' ' * B e g i t u p u l a , M a h m u d H a m d y Z a q z u q m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a I s l a m i n i k a n a g a m a p e d a n g k a r e n a I s l a m d a l a m p e n y e h a r a n n y a h a r u s d i l a k u k a n I x r d a s a r k a n p e n e r i m a a n t a n p a a g i t a s i , p e n g a j a r a n t a n p a r e n d e n s i d a n m e n y e r a h k a n k e p a i l a k o m u n i k a n y a n g m e n e r i m a l i a k w a h k e b e b a s a n m e n e r i m a a t a u m e n o l a k . H a l i n i , y a n g d i l a k u k a n o l e h R a s u l u l l a i i S a w . s e t e l a b p e n a k l n k a n k o t a M e k k a h y a n g s e b e l u m n y a d i k u a s a i o l e b k a u m m u . s y r i k Q u r a s y . B a h k a n p a s u k a n p e r a n g m u s l i m

I IM.I , l i l n i . I 3 6 ' ' ' Al i i i iMil A l i i l i i l I l i i i n i i l ( i l u M i i h , M e u y i n ^ k i i p T a h i r O r i e n l a h s a u ; I K i k i i r i n :

P u s t a k a A l - K a i i l . i a r . I W 2 ) , i i - i . k i - - l . I i l i i i . 2 7 *"* ' / i ikir A i n l i i l K a r i m N a i k , I s l a m Mfii|«ii'al> t ini ja tun, { Jakarta : I iiiia.s i ' u s l a k a ,

2004), i T t . k i - 1 , h i m . 21-26

A q l a n i a , V o l . 07, N o . 02 ( J u l i - D e s e m b e r ) 2016 I S S N : 2087-8613


t i d a k p c r n a h m e n g i n j a k k a n k a k i m e r e k a d i k a w a s a n A s i a S e l a t a n a t a u A f r i k a B a r a t . I s l a m t e r s e b u t m e l a l u p a r a p e d a g a n g m u s l i m d a n k a u m s u f i y a n g p e r i l a k u , a k h l a k d a n i n t e r a k s i s o s i a l m e r e k a y a n g b a i k r e l a h m e n a r i k p e r h a t i a n p e n d u d u k s e t e m p a t h i n g g a a k h i r n y a m e r e k a m e n e r i m a d a k w a h I s l a m s e c a r a s a d a r d a n t a n p a p a k s a a n . " *

E . K e s i m p u l a n D a l a m b a g i a n p e n u t u p i n i , d a p a t d i t a r i k s u a t u k e s i m p u l a n

s e b a g a i b e r i k u t : Peruma, c a r a o r i e n t a l i s m e m a h a m i I s l a m a d a l a h s e s u a i d e n g a n

t o k o h - r o k o l i p e n d a h u l u n y a y a n g s e l a l u r i d a k o b y e k t i f d a l a m m e m a h a m i I s l a m k a r e n a k e b e n c i a n , d a n d a m d a n p e r m u s u h a n s e j a k t e r j a d i n y a p e r a n g . s a l i b h i n g g a a b a d m o d e r n i n i . M e r e k a m e n g g u n a k a n d e n g a n b e r b a g a i c a r a d a l a m m e n y u d u r k a n i s l a m a d a l a h d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n c a r a m e i m i r a r b a l i k a n k e b e n a r a n I s l a m , m e n y e b a r k a n b e r b a g a i i s s u y a n g b e r k e n a a n d e n g a n I s l a m , m e n u l i s b e r b a g a i k a r y a i l m i a h b a i k m e l a l u i b u k u , m a j a l a h , s u r a t k a b a r m a u p u n t e h n o l o g i s e r r a m e l a l u i p o l i t i k d a n k e k u a s a a n , p e n d i d i k a n d a n b a n t u a n s o s i a l . S e m u a i m a d a l a h m j u a n u n t u k m e r u n m h k a n s e n d i - s e n d i a j a r a n I s l a m s e b a g a i a g a m a b e s a r d u n i a y a n g s e m a k i n b e r k i b a r .

Kedua, b e n m k m d u h a n o r i e n r a l i s t e r h a d a p I s l a m a d a l a h m e r e k a y a b e r b a g a i d e m e n s i a j a r a n I s l a m y a n g m e r e k a a n g g a p b a h w a a g a m a I s l a m a d a l a h b u a t a n N a b i M u h a m m a d S a w . s e b a g a i N a b i y a n g p a l s u , N a b i p e n i p u , g i l a d a n a n t i Y a h u d i s e r t a K r i s t e n , S u m b e r I s l a m d i a n g g a p o l e h o r i e n r a l i s s e b a g a i j i p l a k a n d a r i T a u r a t d a n I n j i l y a n g d i j a d i k a n a c u a n n y a o l e h N a b i M u h a m m a d S a w . D i s a m p i n g i r u , a q i d a h I s l a m y a n g b e r s u m b e r d a r i k e y a k i n a n Y a h u d i d a n K r i s t e n y a n g d i j a d i k a n l a n d a s a n k e y a k i n a n k a u m m u s l i m i n . T e r m a s u k s y a r i a t I s l a m a t a u u n d a n g - i i n t i a n g I s l a m b a n y a k m e n g a m b i l d a r i u n d a n g - u n d a n g R o m a w i . B e g i t u p u l a , a k h l a k I s l a m d i a n g g a p o l e h o r i e n t a l i s s e b a g a i p e l e n g g u

Mahinud Hamdy Zaqzuq, Islam D i h u j a t I s l a m Menjawab Tanggapan Atas T u d u h a n dan Kesalahpahaman, {Tangerang: Lintera Hati, 2008), cet. ice-1, hlin. 47-51



k e b e b a s a n d a n p e n g h a m b a t a n k e m a j u a n l i e r f i k i r d a n h e r t i n g k a l a k u . B a h k a n p e n g e t a h u a n I s l a m p u n t i d a k I n p u t d a r i p e m i k i r a n o r i e n r a l i s y a n g m e n g a n g g a p h a h w a p e n g e t a h u a n I s l a m a d a l a h b e r s u m b e r d a r i Y u n a n i d a n t e r m a s u k f i l s a f a t d a n p e r a d a b a n I s l a m r e r p e n g a r u h b e s a r d e n g a n p e r a d a b a n Y u n a n i d a n l a i n n y a .

K e t i g a , r i a h i h a n o r i e n t a l i s t e r s e b u t d i b a n t a h o l e h k a u m o r i e n t a l i s y a n g j u j u r d a n o h y e k d a l a m m e m a n d a n g I s l a m s e b a g a i a g a m a A l i a b , a g a m a p a r a N a h i , a g a m a N a b i M u h a m m a d , a g a m a y a n g s e i m l i a n g a n r a r a k e h i d u p a n d u n i a d a n a k h i r a t . I s l a m a d a l a h a g a m a y a n g m e n g a j a r k a n a q i d a h y a n g l u r u s d a n m u d a h i l i c e r n a , . s y a r i a t y a n g p e n u h i l e n g a n k e a d i l a n i l a n m e n j u n j u n g t i n g g i k e m a n u s i a n , a k h l a k n y a y a n g l u h u r d a n p e n u h k i t s i h s a y a n g y a n g m e n i l a l a m s e r t a p e n g e t a h u a n I s l a m y a n g m e m b a w a p e i u e r a b . a n a k a l , h a t i d a n d u n i a w i s e r t a u k l i r a w i y a n g f l e k s i i x - l d a n m e m b e r i k a n m a n f a a t b a g i k e b a h a g i a n d a n k e s e l a m a t a n u n t u k m e n u j u k e p a d a T u h a n Y a n g M a h a K u a . s a l a g i M a h a M e n g e t a h u i . P a n d a n g a n t e r . s e h u r , d i . s e p a k a t i o l e h i l m u w a n M u s l i m b a h w a L s l a m a d a l a h a g a m a y a n g m e n d u n i a d a n m e m b a w a r a h m a r a l i r a l a m i n . B e r a r t i r u d u h a n o r i e n t a l i s i r u , a d a l a h k e b o h o n g a n , k e b o d o h a n d a n k e j a h a r a n o r i e n t a l i s a t a s n a m a k a j i a n i l m i a h t e r h a d a p I s l a m t e t a p i n y a t a n y a a i i a l a h p e n i p u a n i l a n m e m u r a r h a l i k k a n f a k t a k e b e n a r a n .



D A F T A R P U S T A K A

A b d u l M u i z K h a t h a b , Musuhrtnusuh Nabi Saw., { S o l o : P u s t a k a M a n t i q , 1 9 9 3 ) , c e t . k e - 3

A b d u r r a h m a n B a d a w i , Ensikiopedi Tokoh Orientalis, ( Y o g y a k a r t a : L K I S , 2 0 0 3 ) , c e t . k e - 1

A b d u r r a h m a n b i n A b d u l K a r i m , K i t a b S e j a r a k N a b i M u N i m m a d Saw, f Y o g y a k a r r a : D I V A P r e s s , 2 0 1 3 ) , c e t . k e - 1

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A h m a d A b d u l H a m i d G h u r a b , M e n y i n g k a p T a b i r O r i e n t a l w r n e , O a k a r t a : P u s t a k a A l - K a u r s a r , 1 9 9 2 ) , c e t . k e - 1

A h m a d l i i n H a j a r A l i B u t h a n y , Saksl Islam dan Rasul di Timur dan Barat, O a k a r t a : F i k a h a t i A n e s k a , 1 9 9 5 ) , c e t . k e - 1

A h m a d H a n a f i , Pengantar Filsafat Islam, O a k a r t a : B u l a n B i n t a n g , 1 9 9 6 ) , c e t . K e - 6

A l w i S h i h a b , M e m b e d a K Islam di Barat Menepis Tudingan Merluruskan Kesalahpahaman, O a k a r t a : G r a m e d i a P u s t a k a U t a m a , 2 0 0 4 ) , c e t . K e - 1

D a d a n g K a h m a d , Sosiologi Agama, ( B a n d u n g : R e m a j a R o s d a k a r y a , 2 0 0 0 ) , c e t . k e - 1

E d w a r d W . S a i d , O r i e n t a l i s m e , ( B a n d u n g : P u s t a k a , 1 9 8 5 ) , c e t . k e - 1 J a l a ! A l a m , e t . a l , Dendam Barat dan Yahudi Terhadap Islam, ( S o l o : P u t a k a

M a n t i q , 1 9 8 7 ) , c e t . K e - l M . M . A z a m i , Hadits Nabawi dan Sejarah Kondifikasinya, O i i k a r t a : P u s t a k a

F i r d a u s , 1 9 9 4 ) , c e t . K e - 1 M a h m u i l H a m d y Z a q z u q , Islam Dihujat Islam Menjawab Tanggapan Atas

Tuduhan d a n Kesalahpahanuin, ( T a n g e r a n g : L i n t e r a H a t i , 2 0 0 8 ) , c e t . k e - 1

M a h n i i n . 1 H a m d y Z a q z u q , O r i e n t a l i s m e t k m L a t a r Belakang Pemikirannya, ( B a n g i l : P e r s a t u a n , 1 9 8 4 ) , c e t . K e - 1

Aqlania, Vol. 07, No. 02 ( J u l i - D e s e m b e r ) 2016 ISSN: 2087-8613


M a j i d K a i l a n i , Bahaya Zionism. Terhadap Dunia Islam, { S o l o : P i i . s t i i k a M a n t i q , 1 9 8 8 ) , c e t . k e - 1

M e d i a Z a i n u l B a h r i , S a t u T u k a n Banyak Agama Paruiangan Sufistik llmu Arahi, R u m u , dan Al-Jili, { B a n d u n g : M i z a n , 2 0 1 1 ) , c e t . l

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