vilanova et al_iufro 2010 imataca

8/8/2019 Vilanova Et Al_IUFRO 2010 Imataca

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TheForestConcessionModelinVenezuelan

TheForestConcessionModelinVenezuelan

Guayana:Learned

lessons

and

the

way

forward

forsustainablemanagement

Guayana:Learned

lessons

and

the

way

forward

forsustainablemanagement

EmilioEmilio Vilanova,Vilanova, HirmaHirma RamrezRamrezAnguloAngulo,, GustavoGustavo Ramrez,Ramrez, ArmandoArmando TorresTorresLezamaLezama

GrupoGrupo dedeInvestigacinInvestigacin BiodiversidadBiodiversidad yyDesarrolloDesarrollo SustentableSustentable (BIODESUS).(BIODESUS).InstitutoInstituto dedeInvestigacionesInvestigacionesparapara elelDesarrolloDesarrollo ForestalForestal (INDEFOR).(INDEFOR).FacultadFacultad dedeCienciasCiencias ForestalesForestales yyAmbientalesAmbientales..

UniversidaddeLosAndes.Mrida.VenezuelaUniversidaddeLosAndes.Mrida.Venezuela..vilanova@[email protected] August2010August2010


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IntroductionIntroductionIUFROWorldCongress2010IUFROWorldCongress2010

Theproblemoftropicalforestmanagement(I)Theproblemoftropicalforestmanagement(I)

LastLast 3030 yearsyears:: aa consistentconsistent increaseincrease occurredoccurred inin totaltotal areaareaofof tropicaltropical forestsforests usedused forfor woodwood productionproduction purposespurposes

Today,Today, closeclose toto 350350 MM haha areare officiallyofficially cataloguedcatalogued asas

tropicaltropical productionproduction forestsforests.. OnlyOnly 77%% isis beingbeing sustainablysustainablymanagedmanaged (ITTO(ITTO 20062006))

throughthrough multiplemultipleuseuse optionsoptions isis alsoalso aa mattermatter ofof concernconcern(Guariguata(Guariguata etet alal..,, 20102010))..

CuchiveroCuchivero forestsouthernOrinocoriver.Photo:AlfredoJimenezforestsouthernOrinocoriver.Photo:AlfredoJimenez


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Theproblemoftropicalforestmanagement(II)Theproblemoftropicalforestmanagement(II)

LoggingPracticesCommunities

MultipleusePolber

FP

ance M

o

SFMSFMicies

NonTim

Gover

Certification

nitoring

Biodiversity

Criteria&Indicators

NorthernNorthernImatacaImataca ForestsPhoto:CODEFORSAForestsPhoto:CODEFORSA


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HistoryoftheforestconcessionmodelinVenezuela(I)HistoryoftheforestconcessionmodelinVenezuela(I)

nn ouou mer canmer can coun r escoun r es n us r an us r a oresores concess onsconcess ons

havehave beenbeen operatingoperating forfor atat leastleast twotwo decadesdecades ((Karsenty et al.2008)

VenezuelaVenezuela:: aa largelarge historyhistory ofof forestforest managementmanagement mademade

upup underunder thethe forestforest concessionconcession modelmodel (see(see DourojeanniDourojeanni,,20002000;; KammesheidtKammesheidt etet alal..,, 20012001;; TorresTorresLezamaLezama etet alal..,,20082008)).. FirstFirst concessionconcession awardedawarded inin 19701970 ((TicoporoTicoporo))

NationalNational adjustmentadjustment policiespolicies andand risingrising criticismscriticisms ofofforestforest managementmanagement strategiesstrategies duringduring thethe 9090ss preventedprevented

haha (Torres(TorresLezamaLezama etet alal.. 20082008))

RoundwoodRoundwood productionNorthernproductionNorthernImatacaImataca:Photo:EmilioVilanova:Photo:EmilioVilanova


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HistoryoftheforestconcessionmodelinVenezuela(II)HistoryoftheforestconcessionmodelinVenezuela(II)

NPFCertified:0haNaturalProductionForests (NPF)Area:13Mha

a)a)

25FMU25FMU

aa cessions(

cessions(

17FMU17FMU10FMU10FMU

o:EmilioVilano

o:EmilioVilano

underco

underco

6FMU6FMU

rnrnImataca

Imataca:Pho

:Pho

Totalare

Totalare

Logging

North

Logging

North

1980 1990 2000 2005

FMU=ForestManagementUnitsFMU=ForestManagementUnits2008

ITTO(2006);ASOINBOSQUES(2006);MINAMB(2008)ITTO(2006);ASOINBOSQUES(2006);MINAMB(2008)


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HistoryoftheforestconcessionmodelinVenezuela(III)HistoryoftheforestconcessionmodelinVenezuela(III)

ModifiedfromGlobalForestWatch(2002);

Berrotern (2003)


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ResearchApproachResearchApproachIUFROWorldCongress2010IUFROWorldCongress2010

StudySite:StudySite:ImatacaImataca ForestReserve(IFR)ForestReserve(IFR)

CreatedCreated onon JanuaryJanuary 66thth

ofof 19611961 withwith anan estimatedestimated areaareacloseclose toto 33..88 MM haha

RegulatoryRegulatory frameworkframework establishedestablished inin 19611961 thatthat IFRIFR

principalprincipal useuse isis thethe naturalnatural forestforest managementmanagement forfortimbertimber productionproduction underunder thethe concessionconcession modelmodel

aa rangerange ofof areaarea betweenbetween 120120..000000 andand 340340..000000 haha arearedistributeddistributed inin IFRIFR (only(only 66 areare activeactive today)today)

MapfromBerrotern (2003)


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StudySite:ForestConcessionsstudiedStudySite:ForestConcessionsstudied

Management

ManagementUnitUnit

CompanyCompanyNameName

Typeof

Type

of

CompanyCompany

DateandDateand

durationof

duration

of

contractcontract

TotalTotal

surface

surface

(ha)(ha)

CurrentCurrentsituationsituation

NN 22

CorporacinparaCorporacinpara

elDesarrolloelDesarrollo

Forestal

Forestal

CODEFORSACODEFORSA

PrivatePrivateNovember24November24

19871987

(30years)(30years)

129,749129,749

ActiveActive

AnnualloggingAnnuallogging

planNo.

12

plan

No.

12

CC 33

ConsorcioConsorcio

MadereroMaderero

ForestalForestalPrivatePrivate

November11November11

19951995

30 ears30 ears

126,645126,645

ActiveActive


lan No. 7lan No. 7

(COMAFOR)(COMAFOR)

CC 44AserraderoAserradero

HermanosHermanos PrivatePrivateNovember11November11

19951995 125,995125,995

ActiveActive


Hern n ezHern n ez 30years30years p anNo.7p anNo.7


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11)) DetailedDetailed characterizationcharacterization ofof selectedselected concessionsconcessions throughthroughaa collectioncollection ofof primaryprimary andand secondarysecondary datadata forfor examiningexaminingbiophysicalbiophysical andand sociosocioeconomiceconomic conditionsconditions;;

22)) PartialPartial assessmentassessment ofof C&IC&I forfor SFMSFM waswas performedperformed.. AnAnintegrationintegration ofof fieldfield proceduresprocedures fromfrom JohnsJohns etet alal.. ((19981998))

andand SabogalSabogal etet alal.. ((20042004)) forfor tropicaltropical forestsforests inin thethe AmazonAmazonas nas n waswas useuse .. nn a on,a on, aa scor ngscor ng me o o ogyme o o ogy oo

AppanahAppanah && KleineKleine ((20002000)) waswas includedincluded inin thethe assessmentassessment;;

33)) assessmentassessment onon socialsocial aspectsaspects ofof forestforest managementmanagement waswasdonedone.. StructuredStructured surveyssurveys onon twotwo differentdifferent stakeholdersstakeholders:: a)a)

15 (CODEFORSA), 24 (Hermanos Hernndez) and 35(COMAFOR) logging personnel was consulted. A total of 38

locallocal communitiescommunities (both(both indigenousindigenous andand nativenative groups)groups)

livingliving withinwithin thethe areaarea ofof eacheach concessionconcession andand b)b) workersworkersandand managersmanagers ofof timbertimber companiescompanies;;

different small towns in northern Imataca. For concessions

in the center of IFR six (6) different indigenous homesteads(Karia group) were surveyed (20 families)


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Results&DiscussionResults&DiscussionIUFROWorldCongress2010IUFROWorldCongress2010

ScoringScoring ofof criteriacriteria andand indicatorsindicators:: SynthesisSynthesisScoring/ConcessionScoring/Concession

r ter ar ter a n catorsn cators angeange

((Points)Points)

CODEFORSACODEFORSA COMAFORCOMAFOR

HERNNDEZHERNNDEZ

A.1CleardemarcationofA.1Cleardemarcationof. esourcesecur y. esourcesecur y

boundariesinthefieldboundariesinthefield 1Verifier1Verifier

B.1B.1 PrePrefellingforestinventoryfellingforestinventory0

0

2020 1515 1515 1515

B.ThecontinuityofB.Thecontinuityof

timber roductiontimber roduction

B.2MonitoringofpreB.2Monitoringofprefellingfelling

inventoryinventory 2Verifiers2Verifiers00 2020 1515 2020 1515

B. 3B. 3 Presence of clear and officialPresence of clear and official

harvestingrulesharvestingrules 6Verifiers6Verifiers 00 130130 7070 8080 6060

B.4LongB.4Longtermsoilproductivitytermsoilproductivity

2Verifiers2Verifiers00 130130 7070 8080 6060

Maximumscoring/ ConcessionscoringMaximumscoring/ Concessionscoring 370370 210210 240240 215215

%offulfillment%offulfillment56.75%56.75% 64.86%64.86% 50%50%


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PrePrelo inlo in inventorinventor isis consideredconsidered asas beinbein wellwell evaluatedevaluated bb

ScoringScoring ofof criteriacriteria andand indicatorsindicators (II)(II)

concessionariesconcessionaries sincesince thisthis issueissue isis criticalcritical duringduring thethe developmentdevelopmentofof annualannual cuttingcutting plansplans;;

ManyMany concessionsconcessions inin thethe GuayanaGuayana regionregion havehave beenbeen establishedestablished

withoutwithout definitiondefinition ofof geographicgeographic coordinatescoordinates andand oftenoften surfacessurfaces

VeryVery lowlow qualityquality logginglogging practicespractices remainsremains withoutwithout properproper

mp emen a onmp emen a on oo re ucere uce mpacmpac ogg ngogg ng ec n quesec n ques ee..ggnono harvestingharvesting mapsmaps areare availableavailable duringduring logging)logging)

companiescompanies andand governmentgovernment institutionsinstitutions areare perhapsperhaps thethe mostmostcriticalcritical issuesissues forfor allall selectedselected C&IC&I ((ee..gg lacklack ofof officialofficial reports)reports);;


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PoorLoggingPracticesremainsPoorLoggingPracticesremains

otobyProvit

iaharpyjaP

Har

HighConservationvaluesarenotbeingconsideredduringplanningHighConservationvaluesarenotbeingconsideredduringplanning


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Social perception of forest management in the IFR

remainsremains severelyseverely affectingaffecting thethe wayway managementmanagement isisimplementedimplemented;; nono otherother productiveproductive forestforestrelatedrelated activitiesactivities

anies

anies

occursoccurs esi esesi es oggingogging oror inventoryinginventorying peop epeop e nee snee s ot erot eremploymentsemployments sometimessometimes goldgold mining)mining)

bercomp

bercomp

AmongAmong allall concessions,concessions, lessless thanthan 3030%% ofof surveyedsurveyed workersworkersexpressedexpressed concernconcern aboutabout thethe conceptconcept ofof sustainablesustainablemanagementmanagement andand fatefate ofof forestsforests;;fr

omtim

fromtim

ForestryForestry departmentsdepartments andand ministriesministries areare oftenoften underfundedunderfundedandand illille ui ede ui ed toto su ervisesu ervise andand monitormonitor lo inlo in activitiesactivitiesW

orker

Worker

andand forestforest managementmanagement;;


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Social perception of forest management in the IFR

housinghousing;; stablestable sourcesource ofof incomes)incomes) isis moremore evidentevident inin thethe casecaseofof COMAFORCOMAFOR andand HermanosHermanos HernndezHernndez concessionsconcessions;;ie

sies

OurOur findingsfindings revealedrevealed thatthat onlyonly 2020%% ofof peoplepeople acknowledgeacknowledge

thethe existenceexistence ofof aa privateprivate logginglogging companycompany regimeregime nearbynearby;;m

unni

m

unni

conflictconflict ofof landlanduseuse withwith miningmining (legal(legal andand illegal)illegal);;

Local

Localcc

waterwater provisionprovision andand fuelwoodfuelwood;; CenterCenter:: foodfood;; fuelwoodfuelwood )) asas thethemostmost importantimportant beingbeing delivereddelivered andand usedused;; CulturalCultural servicesservicesrelatedrelated toto forestsforests areare acknowledgedacknowledged byby indigenousindigenous groupsgroups..


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Housings(North)Housings(North) Housings(Center)Housings(Center) SlashSlashburnagricultureburnagriculture

WoodprovisionWoodprovision FoodFood provisionprovision GoldminingGoldmining

PhotobyJoseLozada


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MapsfromGlobalForestWatch(2002)


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FinalRemarksFinalRemarksIUFROWorldCongress2010IUFROWorldCongress2010

LEARNED LESSONS

IncorporateC&I

information

into

plan

designingIncorporate

C&I

information

into

plan

designing

Monitoringofmanagementplansiscritical(capacitybuilding)Monitoringofmanagementplansiscritical(capacitybuilding)

ReducedReduced ImpactImpact LoggingLogging isis urgenturgent

UrgentimprovementofinventoryingprocessUrgentimprovementofinventoryingprocess

Betterlabor

conditions

and

training

programs

are

neededBetter

labor

conditions

and

training

programs

are

needed

Incentives(newforestlawissuedin2008)Incentives(newforestlawissuedin2008)


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FinalRemarksFinalRemarksIUFROWorldCongress2010IUFROWorldCongress2010

LEARNED LESSONS

TakeTake accountaccount ofof locallocal realityreality duringduring concessionconcession planningplanning(employment(employment needsneeds;; supportsupport forfor livelihood)livelihood)

EvaluationEvaluation ofof alternativesalternatives forfor cocomanagementmanagement

PromotePromote equitabilityequitability:: considerationconsideration ofof interestedinterested smallsmallproducersproducers forfor concessionsconcessions allocationallocation

StrengththescienceStrengththesciencepolicyinterfacepolicyinterface

Betterconnect on etweenresearc an concess onmanagersBetterconnect on etweenresearc an concess onmanagers

Improveknowledge

on

NTFP;

Ecosystem

services;

Improve

knowledge

on

NTFP;

Ecosystem

services;


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IUFROWorldCongress2010IUFROWorldCongress2010

THANKYOUTHANKYOU


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IUFROWorldCongress2010IUFROWorldCongress2010

BACKBACK UPSLIDESUPSLIDES


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OutlineOutlineIUFROWorldCongress2010IUFROWorldCongress2010

IntroductionIntroductionTheproblemoftropicalforestmanagementTheproblemoftropicalforestmanagement

Historyof

the

forest

concession

model

in

VenezuelaHistory

of

the

forest

concession

model

in

Venezuela

TheThe studystudy sitesite:: ImatacaImataca ForestForest ReserveReserve (IFR)(IFR)

ar aar a eva ua oneva ua on oo && oror oresores managemenmanagemen

SocioSocioeconomiceconomic assessmentassessment

Resultsand

discussionResults

and

discussion

ScoringScoring ofof criteriacriteria andand indicatorsindicators

SocialSocial perceptionperception ofof forestforest managementmanagement

LearnedLearned lessonslessons


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2,000

HistoryoftheforestconcessionmodelinVenezuela(IV)HistoryoftheforestconcessionmodelinVenezuela(IV)

Data: in 1987 almost 40% of national roundwood roduction came from

1,600

1,800 natural forests concessions (Centeno, 1995). 20 years later, this

proportion dropped to 7%

1,000

1,200

,

odv

olume(000m

3

600

800

AnnualRoundw

200

400

0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Year

AnnualCuttingLicences NaturalForestConcessions CaribbeanPinePlantationsOtherForestPlantations Totalnationalproduction

MINAMB(2008)


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Scoring/Concession

ScoringScoring ofof criteriacriteria andand indicatorsindicators (I)(I)

Criteria Indicators Range(Points) CODEFORSA COMAFOR

HERMANOS

HERNNDEZ

A.Resource

A.1Cleardemarcationofboundariesinthefield

a)Externalboundaries40 45 35

ma n enance

veryvery weakweak;;

suchsuch asas nearbynearby humanhuman settlements,settlements, conservationconservation setsetasideaside areasareas andand

areasareas assignedassigned toto silviculturalsilvicultural treatmentstreatments..


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Scoring/Concession

ScoringScoring ofof criteriacriteria andand indicatorsindicators (II)(II)


HERMANOS

HERNNDEZ

A.Resource

A.1Cleardemarcationofboundariesinthefield

a)Externalboundaries

40 45 35ma n enance

concernconcern;;

definitiondefinition ofof geographicgeographic coordinatescoordinates andand oftenoften surfacessurfaces areare differentdifferent

amongamong referencesreferences andand managementmanagement plansplans..


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CriteriaCriteria B. The continuity of timber production

Scoring/Concession


HERMANOS

HERNNDEZ

The presence of an inventory plan was considered goodenough to assign the maximum score;

B.1 Prefellingforestinventory

a) Implementationof

0

10 10 10 10

PrePrelogginglogging inventoryinventory isis consideredconsidered asas beingbeing wellwell evaluatedevaluated

byby concessionariesconcessionaries sincesince thisthis issueissue isis criticalcritical duringduring thethepre e ng nven or es

b) Prefellinginventories0 10 5 5 5

developmentdevelopment ofof annualannual cuttingcutting plansplans;;

B.2Monitoringofprefellinginventory

a Fieldverification 0 10 5 10 5

,, ,,remarkedremarked significantsignificant constraintsconstraints ((ee..gg InadequateInadequate woodwoodvolumevolume estimations)estimations)..

b)Correctiveactions

implementation 0 10 5 5 5


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ByBy yearyear 20012001,, 3838%% ofof thethe operatingoperating concessionsconcessions harvestedharvested lesslessthanthan halfhalf ofof whatwhat waswas forecastedforecasted inin managementmanagement plansplans::overes ma onoveres ma on oo n an a woowoo vo umesvo umes

SelectedconcessionsSelectedconcessions

GFWGFWVEN(2002)VEN(2002)


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Scoring/Concession


HERMANOS

HERNNDEZ

VeryVery lowlow qualityquality practicespractices remainsremains withoutwithout properproperimplementationimplementation ofof reducedreduced impactimpact logginglogging (RIL)(RIL) techniquestechniques;;

B.3B.3PresenceofclearandofficialharvestingrulesPresenceofclearandofficialharvestingrules

b) Cuttinglimitsb) Cuttinglimits

0

0

2020 1515 1515 1515

AA proportionproportion ofof closeclose toto 5050%% ofof standstand showedshowed seriousserious damagedamage

inin allall casescases (Figure(Figure 55)).. AA numbernumber betweenbetween twotwo andand fivefive ((2255))

c)Directionaltreefellingc)Directionaltreefelling 00 2020 1010 1515 55

d Ri arian zones markind Ri arian zones markin 00 2525 1010 1010 1010

treestrees showedshowed severesevere damagesdamages forfor eacheach loggedlogged treetree;;

e)Residualstandsdamagee)Residualstandsdamage 00 2525 1010 1010 55

f)Supervisionf)Supervision

,,betweenbetween 150150 toto 685685 mm22 inin fivefive logginglogging gapsgaps randomlyrandomly selectedselectedforfor thisthis purposepurpose inin eacheach concessionconcession waswas measuredmeasured..

implementationimplementation00 2020 1010 1515 1010


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DependingDepending onon thethe densitydensity ofof commercialcommercial trees,trees, aa rangerange betweenbetween150150 toto 685685 mm22 inin fivefive logginglogging gapsgaps randomlyrandomly selectedselected forfor thisthispurposepurpose nn eaceac concess onconcess on waswas measuremeasure ;;

inin situsitu evaluationevaluation andand monitorinmonitorin activitiesactivities bb bothboth lo inlo incompaniescompanies andand governmentgovernment institutionsinstitutions areare perhapsperhaps thethe mostmostcriticalcritical issuesissues forfor allall selectedselected C&IC&I;;

OfficialOfficial reportsreports andand otherother importantimportant documentationdocumentation relatedrelated totorevision,revision, correctivecorrective actionsactions andand communicationscommunications aboutabout forestforest

Scoringofcriteriaandindicators(III)Scoringofcriteriaandindicators(III)


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Scoring/Concession


HERMANOS

HERNNDEZ

inin situsitu evaluationevaluation andand monitoringmonitoring activitiesactivities byby bothboth loggingloggingcompaniescompanies andand governmentgovernment institutionsinstitutions areare perhapsperhaps thethe mostmost

B.4Longtermsoilproductivity

a)AssessmentsonareasOfficialOfficial reportsreports andand otherother importantimportant documentationdocumentation relatedrelated

ossesa er arves ng

(documentation)

,,

forestforest managementmanagement werewere scantscant andand inin mostmost casescases absentabsent;;

acceptabilityofarea

losses

0 80 45 50 40


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F t Ob t i M di l d B (OMB)


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SubastaFASE 1.- Entrega de la solicitud de concesin porparte del concesionario.

Fuente:ObservatorioMundialdeBosques(OMB),2002.

.- Se ecci n e concesionario gana or

.- Otorgamiento de la buena pro para elinicio de la fase de ante ro ecto.

Fase deAnteproyecto

FASE 2

.- Asignacin de la parcela experimental

para facil itar del desarrollo del Plan deManejo (PM)..- Presentacin del anteproyecto del PM.

.- ev s n y apro ac n e an eproyec o.

.- Permiso para el desarrollo del Plan deManejo.

-Desarro o e

Plan de ManejoFASE 3

. .

.- Revisin del P lan de Manejo.

.- Aprobacin del P lan de Manejo.

.- Firma del Contrato administrativo

Extraccin

.- Presentacin del primer plan de corta.- Revis in del Plan de Corta.

.- Autorizacin del primer ciclo de corta.

.- Firma de la fase de inicio.-

(Aprovechamiento). ..- Supervisin.- Firma de finalizacin

.- Informe final de ciclo de corta

.- Presentacin del 2do P lan de corta.(OMB, 2002).

vilanova et al_iufro 2010 imataca

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