thinking about regional competitiveness: critical issues (eng)/ pensando en la competitividad...

8/2/2019 Thinking About Regional Competitiveness: Critical Issues (Eng)/ Pensando en la competitividad regional (Ing)/ Esku

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Vdmiamig @bksv Rcgmki`h Nklpcvmvmucic~~:Nrmvmn`h M~~sc~

B`nagrksif Vdmia,_mcnc _`pcr Nkllm~~mkicf b} vdc C`~v Lmfhìf~Fcuchkplciv @gcin}

Rki L`rvmi_rkec~~kr ke Cnkiklmn Gckgr`pd}

ìf Echhkw ke vdc N`lbrmfgc,LMV Mi~vmvsvcSimucr~mv} ke N`lbrmfgcCl`mh: rhl0On`l)`n)sa

25 Knvkbcr 2??3

Fm~nh`mlcrVdc umcw~ ctprc~~cf mi vdm~ p`pcr `rc ~khch} vdk~c ke vdc `svdkr( ìf fk ikvicnc~~`rmh} rcehcnv vdc umcw~ kr pkhmn} ke vdc C`~v Lmfhìf~ Rcgmki`h Fcuchkplciv

@gcin}


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_rc`lbhc

Vdc `ml ke vdm~ vdmia,pmcnc rcpkrv m~ prml`rmh} vwkekhf: $0- vk prkumfc ` nrmvmn`h rcumcw ke vdcnkincpv ke rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmuc `fuìv`gc: vdc fmeecrciv lcìmig~ vd`v nì bc gmuci vk vdcikvmki( wd`v mv~ ac} fmlci~mki~ `rc( vdc prkbhcl~ miukhucf mi mv~ lc`~srclciv( ìf vdc hmlmv~ vkvdmiamig mi rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~ vcrl~( ìf $2- mi vdc hmgdv ke vdc~c m~~sc~( vk nki~mfcr dkw e`rìf mi wd`v w`}~ pkhmn} nì mlprkuc ` rcgmki~ nklpcvmvmuc pcrekrlìnc) Vdc `ml m~ ikv vkprkumfc ` fcv`mhcf clpmrmn`hh},b`~cf ~vsf} ke vdc cnkiklmn nkifmvmki~( pcrekrlìnc ìf prkbhcl~ke vdc C`~v Lmfhìf~ rcgmki1 bsv r`vdcr vk prkbhcl`vmzc vdc mfc` ke rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~ ìfvds~ vk ~vmlsh`vc fm~ns~~mki kucr vdc rch`vmuc pcrekrlìnc ke vdc C`~v Lmfhìf~ cnkikl} ìf vk

miekrl vdc pkhmn} fcb`vc kucr dkw vk mlprkuc vd`v pcrekrlìnc )

0) Wd} Vdc Icw Ekns~ ki Nklpcvmvmucic~~;

0)0 Rcnciv }c`r~ dùc ~cci ` ~srgc ke `n`fclmn ìf pkhmn} `vvcivmki fcukvcf

vk vdc ikvmki ke nklpcvmvmucic~~: vdc icw nkiucivmki`h wm~fkl m~ vd`v i`vmki~(rcgmki~ ìf nmvmc~ dùc ik kpvmki bsv vk ~vrmuc vk bc nklpcvmvmuc mi krfcr vk~srumuc mi vdc icw l`racvph`nc bcmig ekrgcf b} ghkb`hm~`vmki ìf vdc icwmiekrl`vmki vcndikhkgmc~) Vdc nrcfk ke nklpcvmvmucic~~ d`~ `vvr`nvcf ` ucrmv`bhcdk~v ke bchmcucr~ ìf ekhhkwcr~) Cnkiklm~v~ ìf ctpcrv~ cucr}wdcrc dùc chcu`vcfnklpcvmvmucic~~ vk vdc ~v`vs~ ke ` i`vsr`h h`w ke vdc lkfcri n`pmv`hm~v cnkikl})_khmn},làcr~ `nrk~~ vdc ghkbc dùc bcci ~wcpv sp mi vdm~ nklpcvmvmucic~~ ecucr:vk `~~c~~ ` nksivr}~ nklpcvmvmucic~~ ìf vk fcum~c pkhmnmc~ vk cidìnc mv dùcbcnklc keemnm`hh} mi~vmvsvmki`hm~cf v`~a~ mi lì} i`vmki~( vdc Simvcf ^v`vc~( vdcSimvcf Amigfkl( Bchgmsl( Mv`h}( vdc Icvdcrhìf~( ìf J`pì( vk i`lc bsv ~klc)

0)2 Vdm~ nkincri wmvd nklpcvmvmucic~~ d`~ micumv`bh} emhvcrcf fkwi vk vdcrcgmki`h( srbì ìf hkn`h hcuch~) Wmvdmi gkucrilciv`h nmrnhc~( mivcrc~v d`~ grkwi mivdc rcgmki`h eksif`vmki~ ke i`vmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~( ìf wmvd fcuchkpmig icwekrl~ ke rcgmki`hh},b`~cf pkhmn} mivcrucivmki~ vk dchp mlprkuc vdcnklpcvmvmucic~~ ke cucr} rcgmki ìf l`jkr nmv}) Mi vdc SA( vdc H`bksrGkucrilciv d`~ ekns~cf ki vdc nklpcvmvmucic~~ ke vdc nksivr}~ rcgmki~( nmvmc~ìf lkrc rcncivh}( nmv},rcgmki~( `~ p`rv ke mv~ `ml vk mlprkuc vdc prkfsnvmuc ìfmiiku`vmuc pcrekrlìnc ke vdc i`vmki`h cnkikl} `~ ` wdkhc $DL Vrc`~sr}( 2??0(2??>( 2??61 KF_L( 2??>( 2??61 FVM( 2??3-) Hmacwm~c( vdc Csrkpcì Nkllm~~mki~cc~ vdc mlprkuclciv ke nklpcvmvmucic~~ mi Csrkpc~ h`ggmig rcgmki~ `~ umv`h vkvdc psr~smv ke ~knm`h nkdc~mki ìf mv~ Hm~bki @gcif` vk bc vdc lk~v nklpcvmvmuc(

aikwhcfgc,frmuci cnkikl} b} 2?0? $Csrkpcì Nkllm~~mki( 2??>( 2??6-)0)> @v vdc ~ lc vmlc( rcgmki h ìf nmv} `svdkrmvmc~ `rc vdcl~chuc~ minrc`~migh}nkincricf wmvd nki~vrsnvmig hkn`h nklpcvmvmucic~~ mifmnc~ kr mifmn`vkr~ ~k `~ vknklp`rc vdc rch`vmuc ~vìfmig ke vdcmr hkn`hmvmc~ wmvd vd`v ke kvdcr~( ìf wmvdfcum~mig pkhmn} ~vr`vcgmc~ vk lkuc vdcmr `rc` sp vdc nklpcvmvmucic~~ hc`gsc v`bhc)Vds~( mi vdc ~`lc w`} vd`v vdc Wkrhf Cnkiklmn Ekrsl prkfsnc~ ìis`h ghkb`h


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nklpcvmvmucic~~ mifmnc~ vd`v rìa i`vmki`h cnkiklmc~( ~k ` phcvdkr` ke rcgmki`hìf nmv} mifmnc~ dùc `ppc`rcf vd`v rìa ph`nc~ ki vdc b`~m~ ke vdm~ kr vd`vlc`~src ke nklpcvmvmucic~~) Vdc _rkgrc~~muc _khmn} Mi~vmvsvc mi W`~dmigvki( ekrct`lphc( nklpmhc~ u`rmks~ icw cnkikl} pcrekrlìnc mifmnc~ ekr S^ nmvmc~ ìf

rcgmki~ $@vami~ki( 2??21 @vami~ki ìf Gkvvhmcb( 2??0-) ^mlmh`rh}( Rkbcrv Dsggmi~@~~knm`vc~ prkfsnc~ vdc Wkrhf Aikwhcfgc Nklpcvmvmucic~~ Mifct( wdmnd ~cca~vk bcindl`ra vdc ghkbc~ hc`fmig aikwhcfgc cnkikl} rcgmki~( ìf ` CsrkpcìNklpcvmvmucic~~ Mifct wdmnd rìa~ nmvmc~ ìf rcgmki~ $Rkbcrv Dsggmi~ @~~knm`vc~(2??> ìf 2??3-) ]cv ìkvdcr ke vdc~c mifmnc~ ke ph`nc nklpcvmvmucic~~ m~ Rmnd`rfEhkrmf`~ nrc`vmumv} mifct( ` prkt} ekr ì `rc`~ kr nmv}~ kpciic~~ vk fmeecrcivamif~ ke pckphc ìf mfc`~ $Ehkrmf`( 2??2-)

0)6 Wd} d`~ vdm~ nkincri wmvd nklpcvmvmucic~~ bcnklc ~k prklmiciv mipkhmn},làmig nmrnhc~; M~ mv ` icw vcrl ekr ì khf prkbhcl; Kr fkc~ mv rcehcnv ìcw ~mvs`vmki mi vdc wkrhf cnkikl}; Mi p`rvmnsh`r( fk wc iccf vdc vcrlnklpcvmvmucic~~ mi krfcr vk nklc vk grmp~ wmvd minrc`~mig ghkb`hm~`vmki; Vdcrc m~hmvvhc fksbv vd`v vdc pkpsh`rmv} ke vdc ikvmki mi pkhmn} nmrnhc~ m~ mictvrmn`bh} hmiacfvk vdc `~ncifìn} ìf fmees~mki ke prk,ghkb`hmz`vmki( prk,l`racv ickhmbcr`hpkhmvmn`h mfckhkgmc~ `lkig vdc `fuìncf i`vmki~( hcf b} vdc Simvcf ^v`vc~( ìfnhk~ch} ekhhkwcf b} vdc SA) Sifcr vdm~ nrcfk( ghkb`hmz`vmki m~ ikv kih} ìmichsnv`bhc prknc~~( mv brmig~ wmvd mv ctpìfmig vr`fc ìf minrc`~migh} mivci~cnklpcvmvmki bcvwcci i`vmki~( icnc~~mv`vmig vdc psr~smv ke ceemnmcin}( ehctmbmhmv} ìfvcndikhkgmn`h miiku`vmki mi krfcr vk rcl`mi nklpcvmvmuc mi vdc ghkb`h l`racvph`nc)

0)3 @v vdc ~`lc vmlc( vdcrc m~ ikw kucrwdchlmig `n`fclmn `grcclciv(`lkig~v ikv js~v gckgr`pdcr~ bsv `h~k `lkig~v lì} cnkiklm~v~ ìf bs~mic~~ì`h}~v~( vd`v `~ p`rv ke vdc prknc~~ ke `nnchcr`vmig cnkiklmn ghkb`hm~`vmki( rcgmki~`rc bcnklmig minrc`~migh} mlpkrvìv , pcrd`p~ cuci fm~ph`nmig i`vmki ~v`vc~ `~vdc ac} `rci`~ ke wc`hvd prkfsnvmki ìf cnkiklmn gkucriìnc $ekr ct`lphc(Kdl`c( 0==31 ^vkrpcr( 0==71 ^nkvv( 0==41 _krvcr( 0==4( 2??01 ^nkvv( 0==4-) Mv m~`v vdc rcgmki`h $~sbi`vmki`h- ~n`hc vd`v lì} ke vdc minrc`~mig rcvsri~ vd`v r`m~cvdc prkfsnvmumv} ke emrl~ ìf wkracr~ `rc nrc`vcf ìf `rc ~che,rcmiekrnmig) Mv m~`h~k `v vdm~ ~n`hc vd`v vdc ~kev e`nvkr~ ikw minrc`~migh} bchmcucf vk ctcrv `~mgimemnìv miehscinc ki vdc pcrekrlìnc ke cnkiklmn `nvmumv} ~snd `~ ~knm`hn`pmv`h( mi~vmvsvmki`h vdmnaic~~( nshvsr`h e`nmhmvmc~( ìf vdc hmac vcif vk bcclbcffcf ìf `rc lk~v `lci`bhc vk pkhmn} ~sppkrv)

0)5 Dkwcucr( `~ m~ kevci vdc n`~c wmvd psbhmn pkhmn} lkrc gcicr`hh}( vdc icwpkhmn} ekns~ ki rcgmki`h ìf nmv} nklpcvmvmucic~~ d`~ vcifcf vk rsi `dc`f ke ksrsifcr~vìfmig ke vdc ikvmki) Vk bc ~src( vdcrc d`~ bcci ` grkwmig `n`fclmnhmvcr`vsrc ki vdc ~sbjcnv ke ph`nc, kr vcrrmvkrm`h,nklpcvmvmucic~~ $~cc ekr(ct`lphc( ^vcmihc( 0==21 Ndc~dmrc ìf Gkrfki( 0==31 Fsee}( 0==31 ^vkrpcr( 0==3(0==71 Jci~ci,Bsvhcr cv `h( 0==71 Bcgg( 0===( 2??21 Srbì ^vsfmc~( 0===1 N`l`gim(2??>1 G`rfmicr( L`rvmi ìf V}hcr( 2??61 Amv~ki( L`rvmi ìf V}hcr( 2??61 Arsglì(


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2??>1 _krvcr( 0==4`( 0==4b( 2???( 2??0( 2??>1 Rcgmki`h ^vsfmc~( 2??61 Brm~vkw(2??3-) Bsv `~ }cv vdcrc m~ ~vmhh ik wmfch} `nncpvcf nki~ci~s~ ki vdc vkpmn)

0)7 Mifccf( ~cucr`h m~~sc~ ke nkivcivmki ~vìf ksv erkl vdm~ hmvcr`vsrc) Ekrct`lphc:$`- Vdcrc m~ nki~mfcr`bhc `n`fclmn fm~`grcclciv kucr wd`v( prcnm~ch}( m~ lcìv b}

vdc mfc` ke rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~( ìf kucr wdcvdcr ìf mi wd`v ~ci~crcgmki~ nklpcvc)

$b- Vk nklpksif vdc prkbhcl( vdcrc m~ ik ~mighc( `hh,cinklp`~~mig vdckrcvmn`h krnkincpvs`h er`lcwkra ekr ì`h}~mig rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmuc pcrekrlìnc)Fmeecrciv vdckrmc~ ìf pcr~pcnvmuc~ prkumfc fmeecrciv mivcrprcv`vmki~ ìf ~vrc~~fmeecrciv ac} prknc~~c~ ìf e`nvkr~)

$n- @~ ` rc~shv( vdcrc m~ ik nki~ci~s~ `~ vk vdc fcvcrlmiìv~ ke rcgmki`hnklpcvmvmuc pcrekrlìnc( kr `~ vk dkw mifmgciks~ e`nvkr~ mivcr`nv wmvd ucr~s~ctkgciks~ nkifmvmki~ ìf ekrnc~)

$f- Lk~v ikvmki~ ìf lc`~srclciv~ ke rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~ kr nklpcvmvmucpcrekrlìnc `rc ~v`vmn mi i`vsrc( ìf ekns~ ki rcgmki`h nd`r`nvcrm~vmn~ ìfnklp`rm~ki~ `v ` gmuci pkmiv mi vmlc( wdcrc`~ rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmucpcrekrlìnc m~ ` f}i`lmn prknc~~)

$c- Wd`v `rgs`bh} l`vvcr~( vdcrcekrc m~ ` rcgmki~ `f`pvmuc n`p`nmv}( vd`v m~ mv~n`p`nmv} vk rc~pkif vk ctkgciks~ ekrnc~ ki vdc kic dìf ìf( ki vdc kvdcr( mv~n`p`nmv} vk nrc`vc icw p`vd~ ke cnkiklmn fcuchkplciv erkl wmvdmi)

$e- Nklp`r`vmuc bcindl`ramig ke rcgmki~ iccf~ vk bc sifcrvàci wmvd n`rc: ikvwk rcgmki~ `rc `hmac( ìf fmeecrciv rcgmki~ e`nc fmeecrciv nd`hhcigc~ ìfkppkrvsimvmc~)

$g- Vdcrc m~ sihmach} vk bc ` kic ~mzc emv~ `hh pkhmn} kr ~vr`vcg} ekr cidìnmigrcgmki`h nklpcvmvmuc pcrekrlìnc1 fmeecrciv rcgmki~ rcsmrc fmeecrciv pkhmn}lmtc~) Dkwcucr( vdcrc l`} bc ~klc b`~mn nkllki kbjcnvmuc~ vd`v dùcsimucr~`h `pphmn`bmhmv}( ~snd `~ vdc iccf vk cidìnc vdc `f`pvmuc n`p`nmv} kecucr} rcgmki)

Vdm~ m~ b} ik lcì~ ì ctd`s~vmuc hm~v( bsv mv m~ ~seemnmciv vk dmgdhmgdv vdc `lbmgsks~ìf nkivc~vcf i`vsrc ke vdc mfc` ke rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~) Vdc fm~ns~~mki vd`vekhhkw~ ctphkrc~ ncrv`mi `~pcnv~ ke vdm~ fcb`vc mi lkrc fcv`mh) Vdc vdrs~v ke vdcp`pcr m~ vd`v rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~ m~ ` ac} ikvmki vd`v ~dkshf mifccf bc èkns~ ke pkhmn} nkincri( }cv mv m~ ` nklphct( lshvme`ncvcf nkincpv vd`v m~ers~vr`vmigh} chs~muc)

2) Nklpcvmvmucic~~: @ Nkivcivmks~ Nkincpv

2)0 @hvdksgd mv l`} dùc d`f ~klc c`rhmcr prcfcnc~~kr~ $~cc Rcmicrv( 0==3-(vdc vcrl nklpcvmvmucic~~ kih} rc`hh} civcrcf cnkiklmn p`rhìnc mi vdc 0=4?~(~minc wdci mv d`~ `vvr`nvcf nki~mfcr`bhc ìf kevci ucr} dc`vcf , fm~ns~~mki)@nnkrfmig vk Rcmicrv $0==3-( mv krmgmi`vcf `~ p`rv ke vdc nki~vìv ehkw ke bszz,


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wkrf~ mi lì`gclciv ~nmcinc( ì ct`lphc ke wd`v vdc Emiìnm`h Vmlc~ $0==6-rcecrrcf vk `~ kp`sc( sgh} ìf nhmnd,rmffci lì`gclciv grèemvm) Lmnd`ch_krvcr~ Nklpcvmvmuc ^vr`vcg}$0=4?-( Nklpcvmvmuc @fuìv`gc $0=43- ìf Nklpcvmvmkimi Ghkb`h Mifs~vrmc~ $0=45- ph`}cf ` ac} rkhc mi vrì~ecrrmig vdc ikvmki mivk

cnkiklmn~ ìf psbhmn pkhmn}) B} vdc 0==?~ mv d`f bcnklc ` dmgdh} e`~dmki`bhcvcrl( `mfcf `g`mi b} }cv vwk lkrc l`jkr ~v`vclciv~ b} _krvcr( dm~ Nklpcvmvmuc@fuìv`gc ke I`vmki~ $0==?- ìf Ki Nklpcvmvmki $0==4-)

2)2 Dkwcucr( vdc nkincpv d`~ fr`wi kppk~mvmki erkl wmvdmi vdc cnkiklmn~n`lp( erkl smvc kppk~mvc cif~ ke vdc mfckhkgmn`h ~pcnvrsl) Mi dm~ rcumcw ke_krvcr~ Nklpcvmvmuc @fuìv`gc ke I`vmki~( vdc iki,l`mi~vrc`l S^ cnkiklm~vRkbcrv Rcmnd kpcicf wmvd vdc brk`f~mfc vd`v I`vmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~ m~ kic kevdk~c r`rc vcrl~ ke psbhmn fm~nksr~c vk dùc gkic fmrcnvh} erkl kb~nsrmv} vklcìmighc~~ic~~ wmvdksv ì} mivcrucimig pcrmkf ke nkdcrcinc $0==?-) L`mi~vrc`lcnkiklm~v~ dùc bcci cs`hh} me ikv lkrc , nrmvmn`h ke vdc mfc`) Vds~ _`shArsglì( wdk mi gcicr`h d`~ bcci nrmvmn`h ke Rcmnd~ wkra $Arsglì( 0==5`-(icucrvdchc~~ ~d`rcf vdc ~`lc icg`vmuc umcw ke vdc ikvmki ke nklpcvmvmucic~~(fciksinmig mv ` fìgcrks~ kb~c~~mki $Arsglì( 0==6( 0==5`( 0==5b-:

Nkincri~ `bksv nklpcvmvmucic~~ `rc( `~ ì clpmrmn`h l`vvcr(`hlk~v`hw`}~ sieksifcf Vdc kb~c~~mki wmvd nklpcvmvmucic~~ m~ ikv kih}wrkig bsv fìgcrks~ vdmiamig mi vcrl~ ke nklpcvmvmucic~~ hc`f~ vkb`f cnkiklmn pkhmnmc~ ki ` rìgc ke m~~sc~ $0==5`( p)3-

2)> Ekr Arsglì( vdc vcrl nklpcvmvmucic~~ m~ ~mlph} ` rcp`na`gmig( ekrnki~slpvmki b} ` icw gcicr`vmki ke pkhmn},làcr~( ke ` hkig,~vìfmig e`hh`n}nkincrimig mivcri`vmki`h vr`fc:

Cnkiklm~v~( mi gcicr`h fk ikv s~c vdc wkrf nklpcvmvmucic~~) Ikvkic ke vdc vctvbkka~ mi mivcri`vmki`h cnkiklmn~ M dùc ki l} ~dchuc~nkiv`mi~ vdc wkrf mi mv~ mifct) ^k wd} `rc vdcrc ~k lì} nksinmh~ kinklpcvmvmucic~~( Wdmvc _`pcr~ ki nklpcvmvmucic~~( ìf ~k ki; Mv~ccl~ vkk n}imn`h vk ~sggc~v vd`v vdc fcb`vc kucr nklpcvmvmucic~~ m~~mlph} ` l`vvcr ke vmlc,dkiksrcf e`hh`nmc~ `bksv mivcri`vmki`h vr`fcbcmig frc~~cf sp mi icw ìf prcvcivmks~ rdcvkrmn $0==5b( p)5-

Esrvdcrlkrc( Arsglì m~ ikv nkiumincf vd`v ` vcrl vd`v m~ s~s`hh} `pphmcf vk vdcmifmumfs`h emrl nì bc lcìmigeshh} `pphmcf vk cnkiklmn `ggrcg`vc~ ~snd `~ vdc

i`vmki`h cnkikl} $kr vdc rcgmki-:Bsv wd`v fkc~ vdc vcrl i`vmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~ lcì; Ekr vdc grc`vl`jkrmv} ke vdk~c wdk s~c vdc vcrl mv lcì~ ct`nvh} wd`v mv ~ccl~ vklcì: mv m~ vdc umcw vd`v i`vmki~ nklpcvc ekr wkrhf l`racv~ mi vdc~`lc w`} vd`v nkrpkr`vmki~ fk( vd`v ` i`vmki wdmnd e`mh~ vk l`vndkvdcr i`vmki~ mi prkfsnvmumv} kr vcndikhkg} wmhh e`nc vdc ~`lc amif ke


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nrm~m~ `~ ` nklpì} vd`v nìikv l`vnd vdc nk~v~ kr prkfsnv~ ke mv~rmu`h~ $0==5b( p)07-)

Fr`wmig ~snd ì ì`hkg} bcvwcci vdc i`vmki`h cnkikl} ìf vdc emrl( dc `rgsc~( m~wrkig( ekr vwk l`mi rc`~ki~) Emr~v( i`vmki~ `rc ikv hmac emrl~) Nksivrmc~ fk ikv gkksv ke bs~mic~~: vdc} l`} bc fm~`ppkmivcf ìf nkincricf `bksv vdcmr cnkiklmnpcrekrlìnc( bsv vdc} dùc ik wchh,fcemicf bkvvkl hmic) ^cnkif( wdcrc`~ emrl~nì bc ~cci vk nklpcvc ekr l`racv ~d`rc( ìf kic emrl~ ~snnc~~ wmhh kevci bc `vvdc ctpci~c ke ìkvdcr( vdc ~snnc~~ ke kic nksivr} nrc`vc~ r`vdcr vdì fc~vrk}~kppkrvsimvmc~ ekr kvdcr~: vr`fc m~ wchh aikwi ikv vk bc ` zcrk,~sl g`lc)Mi~vc`f( Arsglì `rgsc~ vd`v me nklpcvmvmucic~~ d`~ ì} lcìmig( vdci mv m~ ~mlph}ìkvdcr w`} ke ~`}mig prkfsnvmumv}1 vd`v grkwvd mi i`vmki`h hmumig ~vìf`rf~ m~c~~civm`hh} fcvcrlmicf b} vdc grkwvd r`vc ke prkfsnvmumv}) Arsglì `naikwhcfgc~vd`v

_rkfsnvmumv} m~iv cucr}vdmig( bsv mi vdc hkig rsi mv m~ `hlk~v cucr}vdmig)@ nksivr}~ `bmhmv} vk mlprkuc mv~ ~vìf`rf ke hmumig kucr vmlc fcpcif~`hlk~v civmrch} ki mv~ `bmhmv} vk r`m~c mv~ ksvpsv pcr wkracr $Arsglì(0==?( p) 00-)

2)6 Lmnd`ch _krvcr m~ `h~k ~ncpvmn`h ke vdc vcrl nklpcvmvmucic~~( ìf r`rch}s~c~ vdc vcrl( prcecrrmig vdc ikvmki ke nklpcvmvmuc `fuìv`gc mi~vc`f) Esrvdcr(hmac Arsglì( dc ~sggc~v~ vd`v vdc bc~v lc`~src ke nklpcvmvmucic~~ m~prkfsnvmumv}:

Nklpcvmvmucic~~ rcl`mi~ ` nkincpv vd`v m~ ikv wchh sifcr~vkkf(fc~pmvc wmfc~prc`f `nncpvìnc ke mv~ mlpkrvìnc) Vk sifcr~vìfnklpcvmvmucic~~( vdc ~v`rvmig pkmiv ls~v bc vdc ~ksrnc~ ke ` i`vmki~prk~pcrmv}) @ i`vmki~ ~vìf`rf ke hmumig m~ fcvcrlmicf b} vdcprkfsnvmumv} ke mv~ cnkikl}( wdmnd m~ lc`~srcf b} vdc u`hsc ke mv~gkkf~ ìf ~crumnc~ prkfsncf pcr simv ke vdc i`vmki~ dslì( n`pmv`hìf i`vsr`h rc~ksrnc~) _rkfsnvmumv} fcpcif~ bkvd ki vdc u`hsc ke ì`vmki~ prkfsnv~ ìf ~crumnc~( lc`~srcf b} vdc prmnc~ vdc} nìnkllìf mi kpci l`racv~( ìf vdc ceemnmcin} wmvd wdmnd vdc} nì bcprkfsncf) Vrsc nklpcvmvmucic~~( vdci( m~ lc`~srcf b} prkfsnvmumv})_rkfsnvmumv} `hhkw~ ` i`vmki vk ~sppkrv dmgd w`gc~( ` ~vrkig nsrrcin}ìf `vvr`nvmuc rcvsri~ vk n`pmv`h( ìf wmvd vdcl ` dmgd ~vìf`rf kehmumig $_krvcr ìf Acvch~( 2??>( p) 7( clpd`~m~ `ffcf-)

2)3 Vdc nklbmi`vmki ke ` dmgd ~v if`rf ke hmumig wmvd prkfsnvmumv} `~ ` lc`~srcke vrsc nklpcvmvmucic~~ m~ mlpkrvìv) Ekr wdmhc dmgd prkfsnvmumv} m~ ` icnc~~`r}nkifmvmki ekr nklpcvmvmucic~~( mv m~ ikv ke mv~che ~seemnmciv: èvcr `hh( prkfsnvmumv} nìbc minrc`~cf b} h`bksr ~dcffmig( b} n`p`nmv} r`vmki`hm~`vmki( ìf b} dkhfmig w`gcnk~v~ fkwi) Vdm~ m~ ` hkw,rk`f rksvc vk nklpcvmvmucic~~( ìf mi vdc hkig,rsi m~


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ikv ` ~s~v`mi`bhc ~vr`vcg}) Kih} ` dmgd,rk`f rksvc vk nklpcvmvmucic~~( b`~cf kidmgd prkfsnvmumv} `ndmcucf vdrksgd nki~vìv miiku`vmki mi prkfsnv~ ìf prknc~~c~(miuc~vlciv( ìf ` dmgd,~amhhcf h`bksr ekrnc( m~ nki~m~vciv wmvd dmgd w`gc~ ìf `dmgd ~vìf`rf ke hmumig:

@ i`vmki~ nklpcvmvmucic~~ m~ vdc fcgrcc vk wdmnd mv nì( sifcr erccìf e`mr l`racv nkifmvmki~( prkfsnc gkkf~ ìf ~crumnc~ vd`v lccv vdcvc~v ke mivcri`vmki`h l`racv~ wdmhc ~mlshvìcks~h} ctpìfmig vdc rc`hminklc~ ke mv~ nmvmzci~) Nklpcvmvmucic~~ `v vdc i`vmki`h hcuch m~ b`~cfki ~spcrmkr prkfsnvmumv} pcrekrlìnc ìf vdc cnkikl}~ `bmhmv} vk~dmev ksvpsv vk dmgd prkfsnvmumv} `nvmumvmc~ wdmnd mi vsri nì gcicr`vcdmgd hcuch~ ke rc`h w`gc~) Nklpcvmvmucic~~ m~ `~~knm`vcf wmvd rm~mighmumig ~vìf`rf~( ctpìfmig clphk}lciv kppkrvsimvmc~( ìf vdc `bmhmv}ke ` i`vmki vk l`miv`mi mv~ mivcri`vmki`h kbhmg`vmki~) Mv m~ ikv js~v `lc`~src ke vdc i`vmki~ `bmhmv} vk ~chh `brk`f( ìf vk l`miv`mi ` vr`fccsmhmbrmsl $_rc~mfciv~ Nkllm~~mki ki Nklpcvmvmucic~~( 0=46( p) 2-(

Nklpcvmvmucic~~ l`} bc fcemicf `~ vdc `bmhmv} vk prkfsnc gkkf~ ìf~crumnc~ wdmnd lccv dc vc~v ke mivcri`vmki`h l`racv~( wdmhc `v vdc~`lc vmlc l`miv`mimig dmgd ìf ~s~v`mi`bhc hcuch~ ke minklc kr( lkrcgcicr`hh}( vdc `bmhmv} vk gcicr`vc( wdmhc bcmig ctpk~cf vk ctvcri`hnklpcvmvmki( rch`vmuch} dmgd minklc ìf clphk}lciv $CsrkpcìNkllm~~mki( 0===( p) 6-)

>) Wd`v m~ Rcgmki`h Nklpcvmvmucic~~;

>)0 Vdc ikvmki ke rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~ m~ `h~k nkivcivmks~) Vdcrc `rcsc~vmki~ kucr dkw rcgmki~ nklpcvc( ìf vdc ctvciv vk wdmnd rcgmki~ `rclcìmigesh cnkiklmn simv~ vk wdmnd vdc nkincpv ke nklpcvmvmucic~~ nì bclcìmigeshh} `pphmcf) Vk v`ha ke rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~ wkshf ~ccl vk mlph} vd`vrcgmki`h cnkiklmc~ `rc hmac emrl~ kr i`vmki,~v`vc~( ìf `rc mi `v hc`~v ~klc ~ci~c

mi nklpcvmvmki wmvd kic ìkvdcr)

>)2 Dkwcucr( rcgmki~ `rc icmvdcr hmac emrl~ ikr i`vmki~) @~ Nchhmim ìf ^knm$2??2- psv mv( rcgmki~ `rc ~klcwdcrc mi vdc lmffhc) @ rcgmki m~ ikv ~mlph} `~n`hcf,sp ucr~mki ke vdc mifmumfs`h lmnrk emrl( ikr vdc ~mlphc `ggrcg`vmki ke lì}~snd emrl~) Rcgmki~ `rc ikv cnkiklmn `nvkr~ mi vdc ~ci~c vd`v emrl~ `rc $Brm~vkw(

2??3-: vdc} dùc hmlmvcf fmrcnv nkivrkh ke vdc `nvmumvmc~ vd`v vàc ph`nc wmvdmivdcl( ìf vdc } dùc ` hkwcr hcuch ke krgìm~`vmki`h mfcivmv} ìf( `rgs`bh}( simv}vd`v emrl~ ìf i`vmki ~v`vc~) Bsv cs`hh}( ` rcgmki m~ ikv ~mlph} ` ~n`hcf,fkwiucr~mki ke vdc l`nrk, kr i`vmki`h cnkikl}) Rcgmki~ fk ikv dùc vdcmr kwinsrrcinmc~( ìf fk ikv ~cv vdcmr kwi mivcrc~v r`vc~ ìf vdc hmac $~klc( mi ecfcr`h~}~vcl~( dùc v`t,r`m~mig pkwcr~( vdksgd vdc~c `rc `hkig~mfc i`vmki`h hcuch v`tc~-)R`vdcr( vdcmr cnkiklmn prk~pcrmv} nì bc ~mgimemnìvh} miehscincf b} vdc l`nrk,


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hcuch em~n`h ìf lkicv`r} pkhmnmc~ psr~scf b} vdc i`vmki,~v`vc $ìf( ke nksr~c(~spr`,i`vmki`h bkfmc~( ~snd `~ vdc Csrkpcì _`rhm`lciv( kr vdc WVK-)

>)> @~ wmvd i`vmki~( if sihmac emrl~( rcgmki~ fk ikv gk ksv ke bs~mic~~) Bsv(

sihmac wmvd i`vmki~( sifcr ncrv`mi nkifmvmki~ rcgmki`h vr`fc l`} wchh `pprk`nd `zcrk,~sl g`lc) Vdc lkrc cnkiklmn`hh} ~pcnm`hm~cf ` rcgmki( vdc lkrc mv m~ushicr`bhc vk vdc rm~c ke ~mlmh`rh} ~pcnm`hm~cf( fmrcnv nklpcvmvkr rcgmki~ ch~cwdcrc(bkvd wmvdmi ìf ksv~mfc vdc i`vmki ~v`vc) Sihc~~ vdc rcgmki mi sc~vmki m~ `bhc vkaccp `dc`f ke mv~ fmrcnv nklpcvmvkr~( ekr ct`lphc vdrksgd dmgdcr r`vc~ kemiiku`vmki ìf b} lkumig sp vdc u`hsc,`ffcf nd`mi mi mv~ p`rvmnsh`r ~pcnm`hm~l( krb} ~wmvndmig mivk civmrch} icw ~cnvkr~ ìf prkfsnv~( mv nì e`nc hkig,vcrl rch`vmuckr cuci `b~khsvc cnkiklmn fcnhmic) Vdc Brmvm~d cnkiklmn hìf~n`pc m~ hmvvcrcfwmvd mifs~vrm`h fm~vrmnv~ ìf nhs~vcr~ vd`v dùc e`mhcf vk `f`pv spgr`fc krrc~vrsnvsrc( ìf wdmnd `~ ` rc~shv dùc ctpcrmcincf hkig,rsi fcnhmic)

>)6 @if me vdc ~p`vm h ~vrsnvsrc ke vdc i`vmki`h cnkikl} m~ ~snd vd`v cnkiklmn(emiìnm`h ìf pkhmvmn`h pkwcr m~ nkincivr`vcf mi ` nkrc kr hc`f rcgmki( kvdcrrcgmki~ l`} emif vdcl~chuc~ `v ` nklpcvmvmuc fm~`fuìv`gc mi rcv`mimig kr`vvr`nvmig ~amhhcf h`bksr( n`pmv`h ìf cuci psbhmn miuc~vlciv( `hh ke wdmnd l`} vcifvk `nnslsh`vc fm~prkpkrvmki`vch} mi vdc nkrc rcgmki( vdcrcb} esrvdcr cidìnmig mv~nklpcvmvmuc `fuìv`gc $mi ceecnv vdm~ prknc~~ r`m~c~ vdc eshh clphk}lciv grkwvdncmhmig ke vdc nkrc rcgmki( `v vdc nk~v ke dkhfmig b`na vdc eshh clphk}lciv grkwvdncmhmig~ mi vdc iki,nkrc rcgmki~-) Mi vdc SA( vdc rcgmki~ nklpcvc wmvd Hkifkiìf vdc ^ksvd C`~v ekr h`bksr ìf n`pmv`h( ìf ki knn`~mki ekr mier`~vrsnvsr`h ìfkvdcr psbhmn miuc~vlciv) I`vmki`h cnkiklmn pkhmn} `h~k clì`vc~ erkl Hkifki(ìf m~ kevci bm`~cf b} vdc cnkiklmn nkifmvmki~ mi vd`v p`rv ke vdc SA: vds~ mi vdclmf,0=5?~( vdc h`vc,0=4?~ ìf mi vdc 0==?~( mieh`vmki`r} kucrdc`vmig ke vdc Hkifkiìf ^ksvd C`~v cnkiklmc~ rc~shvcf mi vdc Gkucrilciv vàmig i`vmki`h fceh`vmki`r}`nvmki $r`m~mig mivcrc~v r`vc~- cuci vdksgd ~p`rc prkfsnvmuc n`p`nmv} ~vmhh ctm~vcf mivdc rcl`mimig rcgmki~ ke vdc nksivr}) Vdc nksivcrnh`ml m~ vd`v vdc nklpcvmvmuc~snnc~~ ke Hkifki ìf vdc ^ksvd C`~v m~ ikv `v vdc nk~v ke vdc kvdcr rcgmki~( bsvbcicemv~ `hh: vd`v vdc cnkiklmn f}i`lm~l ke vdm~ p`rv ke vdc nksivr} fmees~c~ vk `hhrcgmki~) Mi `nvs`h e`nv( m~ vdcrc m~ ~vmhh ik nklprcdci~muc kr fcemimvmuc ì`h}~m~ ke vdcb`hìnc bcvwcci vdc~c nk~v~ ìf bcicemv~)

>)3 Mivcrc~vmigh}( mi wd`v m~ ` fr`l`vmn vsri`rksif mi dm~ vdmiamig( mi ` rcncivp`pcr ki vdc ^nkvvm~d cnkikl} Arsglì $2??>- `rgsc~ vd`v mv l`} wchh bc lkrclcìmigesh vk v`ha `bksv nklpcvmvmucic~~ `v vdc rcgmki`h hcuch vdì `v vdc i`vmki`hhcuch:

mv làc~ `hlk~v ik ~ci~c vk v`ha `bksv i`vmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~)Vdc `bmhmv} ke ` nksivr} vk ctpkrv ` p`rvmnsh`r gkkf rcehcnv~nklp`r`vmuc `fuìv`gc( ikv `b~khsvc `fuìv`gc( ìf c`nd nksivr} d`~` nklp`r`vmuc `fuìv`gc mi ~klc gkkf~( ` nklp`r`vmuc fm~`fuìv`gc mikvdcr~( ik l`vvcr dkw ceemnmciv kr miceemnmciv mv l`} bc ki ùcr`gc)


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@v ` rcgmki`h hcuch( dkwcucr( vdc ~vkr} ndìgc~ fr`~vmn`hh} ^snnc~~ekr ` rcgmki`h cnkikl} wkshf lcì prkumfmig ~seemnmcivh} `vvr`nvmucw`gc~ ìf+kr clphk}lciv prk~pcnv~ ìf rcvsri ki n`pmv`h vk fr`w mih`bkr ìf n`pmv`h erkl kvdcr rcgmki~) Mv làc~ ~ci~c( vdci( vk v`ha`bksv nklpcvmvmucic~~ ekr rcgmki~ mi ` w`} kic wkshfiv v`ha `bksv mv

ekr h`rgcr simv~) Vdm~ m~iv js~v ` hmigsm~vmn fm~vminvmki: mv làc~mivcrrcgmki`h grkwvd r`vc~ lsnd lkrc ~ci~mvmuc vdì mivcri`vmki`hgrkwvd r`vc~ vk fmeecrcinc~ mi ceemnmcin} Rcgmki`h grkwvd m~ lsndlkrc ~ci~mvmuc vk fmeecrcinc~ mi prkfsnvmumv} pcrekrlìnc) $2??>( pp07,2?-)

Wd`v Arsglì ~ccl~ vk bc ~sggc~vmig m~ vd`v rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~ d`~ `~lsnd( me ikv lkrc( vk fk wmvd `b~khsvc `fuìv`gc `~ wmvd nklp`r`vmuc `fuìv`gc:vd`v ` rcgmki vd`v m~ lkrc ceemnmciv $prkfsnvmuc- wmhh bc `bhc vk `vvr`nv $ìf rcv`mi-h`bksr ìf n`pmv`h erkl kvdcr rcgmki~( ìf vdc~c e`nvkr miehkw~ wmhh vcif vkrcmiekrnc vd`v rcgmki~ $`b~khsvc- prkfsnvmumv} hc`f ~vmhh esrvdcr)

>)5 Vdc ~v`rvmig pkmiv ekr ì`h}~c~ ìf nklp`rm~ki~ ke rcgmki`hnklpcvmvmucic~~ wkshf vds~ ~ccl vk bc ct`lmi`vmki ke rch`vmuc rcgmki`h `ggrcg`vcprkfsnvmuc pcrekrlìnc ksvpsv pcr dc`f( ksvpsv pcr wkracr( ìf clphk}lciv)Vdc h`vvcr `rc wd`v lmgdv bc vcrlcf rcuc`hcf lc`~src~ ke kucr`hh rcgmki`hnklpcvmvmucic~~( vdcl~chuc~ vdc ksvnklc ke nklphct sifcrh}mig e`nvkr~ ìfprknc~~c~) Vrcif~ mi ` rcgmki~ `ggrcg`vc pcrekrlìnc( rch`vmuc vk vrcif~ mi kvdcrrcgmki~( ~dkshf rcuc`h ~klcvdmig `bksv ` rcgmki~ f}i`lmnnklpcvmvmuc fuìv`gc)

6) Rch`vmuc @ggrcg`vc _crekrlìnc ìf Rcgmki`h Nklpcvmvmucic~~

6)0 Dkwcucr( cuci vdm~ `pp`rcivh} ~mlphc ctcrnm~c m~ mi e`nv e`r erkl~vr`mgdvekrw`rf) @~ lcivmkicf c`rhmcr( ` nkllki w`} ke fm~ns~~mig rcgmki`h $krsrbì- nklpcvmvmucic~~ d`~ bcci vk rìa rcgmki~ $kr nmvmc~- `nnkrfmig vk vdm~ krvd`v cnkiklmn mifmn`vkr( minhsfmig rcgmki`h rìamig~ b} ~vìf`rf ke hmumig $pcrn`pmv` GF_-( ìf rcgmki`h prkfsnvmumv} $ksvpsv pcr wkracr-) Bsv wd`v m~ vdcrchcuìv ~cv ke nklp`r`vkr rcgmki~; @v kic hcuch( mv làc~ ~ci~c vk nklp`rc `gmuci rcgmki ~`} vdc C`~v Lmfhìf~ vk `hh kvdcr rcgmki~ ke vdc i`vmki`hcnkikl}( ~minc `~ ikvcf `bkuc( rcgmki~ wmvdmi ` i`vmki`h ~}~vcl nklpcvc(fmrcnvh} ìf mifmrcnvh}( kucr h`bksr( n`pmv`h ìf kvdcr rc~ksrnc~) Cuci wmvdmi ì`vmki`h ~}~vcl( dkwcucr( vdcrc l`} bc ~mgimemnìv rcgmki`h fmeecrcinc~ mi nk~v~

ìf prmnc~( ~k vd`v c`nd rcgmki~ pcr n`pmv` GF_ ~dkshf rc`hh} bc `fjs~vcf b} mv~kwi nk~v kr prmnc fceh`vkr) Siekrvsi`vch}( vdcrc `rc ~vmhh ik nki~m~vciv ìfgcicr`hh} `nncpvcf vmlc ~crmc~ ke rcgmki`h nk~v kr prmnc fceh`vkr~ mi vdc SA( ~k ì`vmki`h fceh`vkr m~ s~s`hh} `pphmcf vk `hh rcgmki~) Esrvdcr( wd`v rc`hh} l`vvcr~ m~dkw ` rcgmki m~ pcrekrlmig kucr vmlc: rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~ m~ icnc~~`rmh} `f}i`lmn ikvmki) Mv m~ `h~k `bksv nklp`r`vmuc pcrekrlìnc) Mv lmgdv bc vdksgdvvd`v ` rcgmki`h cnkikl} m~ pcrekrlmig ~snnc~~eshh} me( mi `ggrcg`vc( mv m~ grkwmig `v


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` ~`vm~e`nvkr}( kr cuci minrc`~mig r`vc) Vdm~ wkshf bc wrkig) Wd`v l`vvcr~ m~ ikvvdc `b~khsvc grkwvd r`vc ke ` rcgmki( bsv mv~ nklp`r`vmuc grkwvd) Vds~ mv wkshfbc lm~vàci vk bchmcuc vd`v ` rcgmki wdk~c pcr n`pmv` GF_ grkw~ `v( ~`}( 2)?pcrnciv kic }c`r ìf >)? pcrnciv vdc ictv m~ mlprkumig mv~ nklpcvmvmucic~~ me mi

vdc emr~v }c`r vdc i`vmki`h cnkikl} grcw b} 0 pcrnciv ìf mi vdc ~cnkif mv grcwb} 3 pcrnciv) E`r erkl mlprkumig( vdc rcgmki~ nklp`r`vmuc pcrekrlìnc d`~fcnhmicf l`racfh}: mv m~ hc~~ nklpcvmvmuc( ikv lkrc nklpcvmvmuc)

6)2 V`bhc 0 ~dkw~ vdc rìamig~ ke SA rcgmki~ b} pcr n`pmv` GU@ $`v nki~vìv0==3 prmnc~-( ekr 0=4?( 0==? ìf 2??>) ^cucr`h ec`vsrc~ ~vìf ksv) Hkifki ìfvdc ^ksvd C`~v dùc nki~m~vcivh} vkppcf vdc rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~ hc`gscv`bhc) Hmacwm~c( vdc Ikrvd C`~v( W`hc~ ìf Ikrvdcri Mrchìf dùc nki~m~vcivh}bcci `v vdc bkvvkl) @~ ekr vdc kvdcr rcgmki~( vdcrc dùc bcci ~klc ~mgimemnìv~dmev~ mi rch`vmuc pk~mvmki kucr vdc p`~v vwciv} }c`r~ kr ~k) Vds~ vdc Wc~vLmfhìf~( Ikrvd Wc~v dùc ~cci ` ~mgimemnìv fcvcrmkr`vmki mi vdcmr rch`vmuc

pcrekrlìnc1 wdmh~v vdc C`~vcri rcgmki( vdc C`~v Lmfhìf~( ^nkvhìf ìf vdc ^ksvdWc~v dùc `hh ctpcrmcincf ì mlprkuclciv)

6)> Vdc prkbhcl wmvd ~mlphc rìamig~ b} pcr n`pmv` GF_( ke nksr~c $ìf vdm~`pphmc~ vk `hh ~snd ctcrnm~c~ ìf rch`vcf mifctc~ ke rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~( ~snd`~ vd`v prkfsncf b} Rkbcrv Dsggmi~ @~~knm`vc~( 2??>( 2??31 Hkn`h Esvsrc~( 2??31CLF@( 2??3-( cuci wdci nklpsvcf ekr ~cucr`h pkmiv~ mi vmlc( m~ vd`v kevdcl~chuc~ vdc} prkumfc ik mifmn`vmki ke vdc ctvciv ke rcgmki`h fmeecrcinc~ ìflkuclciv~ mi nklpcvmvmuc pcrekrlìnc: cuci ` ~v`bhc rìa,krfcrmig ke rcgmki~nkshf bc nki~m~vciv wmvd prkgrc~~much} wmfcimig kr i`rrkwmig ke rcgmki`hfmeecrcinc~ mi pcr n`pmv` GF_) Mi vdc n`~c ke vdc SA rcgmki~( vdc rcgmki~ dùcctdmbmvcf smvc l`racfh} fmeecrciv grkwvd r`vc~ kucr vdm~ pcrmkf( wmvd minrc`~migfmucrgcinc mi pcrekrlìnc c~pcnm`hh} ~minc vdc h`vc,0=4?~ $V`bhc 0 ìf Emgsrc 0) @vvdc ~`lc vmlc( Hkifki ìf vdc ^ksvd C`~v dùc ikv kih} rcl`micf `v vdc vkp kevdc rcgmki`h hc`gsc v`bhc( bsv dùc pshhcf prkgrc~~much} `dc`f ke vdc rc~v ke vdcSA1 ke vdc kvdcr rcgmki~( kih} Ikrvdcri Mrchìf d`~ mlprkucf mv~ rch`vmucpcrekrlìnc ikvmnc`bh}( erkl `rksif 0==? kiw`rf~) Kvdcr rcgmki~ dùc h`ggcfbcdmif( mi p`rvmnsh`r vdc Ikrvd C`~v) Ikvc dkw( `~ mi vdc n`~c ke vdc C`~vLmfhìf~( ` rcgmki l`} lkuc sp vdc rcgmki`h pcr n`pmv` GF_ rìamig~ bsv ~vmhhdùc ` grkwvd r`vc bchkw vd`v ke vdc i`vmki`h ùcr`gc) Mv wkshf bc umcwcf `~mlprkumig mv~ rch`vmuc nklpcvmvmucic~~ ki vdc emr~v nrmvcrmki( bsv wkshf dùc vk bcumcwcf `~ hk~mig rch`vmuc nklpcvmvmucic~~ ki vdc ~cnkif) Vds~ `lbmgsmvmc~ ctm~v

cuci wmvd rch`vmuch} ~mlphc nklp`rm~ki~ ke rcgmki`h pcr n`pmv` minklc~)Nklp`rmig rcgmki~ ki ~cucr`h ~snd mifmn`vkr~ kr ksvnklc~ ke nklpcvmvmucic~~lcrch} nklpksif~ vdc prkbhcl( c~pcnm`hh} wdci ~cucr`h ~snd mifmn`vkr~ `rcrkhhcf mivk ` ~mighc nklpcvmvmucic~~ mifct)


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Rìa b} pcr n`pmv` GU@0=4? 0==? 2??>

Grkwvd ke pcr n`pmv`GU@( 0=4?,2??>_crnciv Rìa

Hkifki 0 0 0 =?)6 0

^ksvd C`~v 2 2 2 45)? 2Wc~v Lmfhìf~ > 5 4 37)0 7Ikrvd Wc~v 6 4 7 6=)= 00C`~vcri 3 > > 5?)2 3^nkvhìf 5 6 6 34)0 5C`~v Lmfhìf~ 7 3 3 33)= 4]kra~,Dslbcr~mfc 4 = = 3>)? 0?^ksvd Wc~v = 7 5 5>)? 6Ikrvd C`~v 0? 00 02 >4)5 02W`hc~ 00 0? 00 3>)= =Ikrvdcri Mrchìf 02 02 0? 5=)6 >SA , , , 53)> ,

V`bhc 0: Rìamig ke SA Rcgmki~ b} pcr n`pmv` GU@ $0==3 prmnc~- $^ksrnc ke f`v`:

N`lbrmfgc Cnkiklcvrmn~-

Emgsrc 0: Grkwvd _crekrlìnc `nrk~~ SA Rcgmki~ $GU@ pcr n`pmv`( 0==3 prmnc~-(0=4?,2??>

4?

0??

02?

06?

05?

04?

2??

0=4?

0=40

0=42

0=4>

0=46

0=43

0=45

0=47

0=44

0=4=

0==?

0==0

0==2

0==>

0==6

0==3

0==5

0==7

0==4

0===

2???

2??0

2??2

2??>

Ikrvd Wc~v

]kra~dmrc ìf Vdc Dslbcr

C`~v Lmfhìf~

Wc~v Lmfhìf~

C`~vcri

Hkifki

^ksvd C`~v

^ksvd Wc~v

W`hc~

^nkvhìf

Ikrvdcri Mrchìf

Ikrvd C`~v


12/46

02

6)6 Wd`v m~ `h~k cumfciv erkl Emgsrc 0 m~ vd`v vdc rch`vmuc grkwvd pcrekrlìncke vdc SA rcgmki~ d`~ vcifcf vk ~dkw fmeecrciv pd`~c~ ke cukhsvmki) @g`mi( vdc C`~vLmfhìf~ mhhs~vr`vc~ vdm~ $Emgsrc 2-) Vdrksgdksv lsnd ke vdc 0=4?~( vdc rcgmki~cclcf vk dkhf mv~ kwi mi nklpcvmvmuc vcrl~( ìf mv~ grkwvd l`vndcf vdc i`vmki`h

ùcr`gc) Erkl vdc h`vc,0=4?~ vk vdc c`rh},0==?~( dkwcucr( vdc rcgmki~ grkwvd~hmppcf bcdmif vdc i`vmki`h r`vc) Vdc grkwvd g`p lkrc kr hc~~ ~v`bmhm~cf erkl vdcc`rh},0==?~ vk `bksv 0==7) Bsv mv d`~ wmfcicf `g`mi ~minc) Mi `ggrcg`vc vcrl~( vdci(vdc C`~v Lmfhìf~ `ppc`r~ vk dùc hk~v `ggrcg`vc nklpcvmvmucic~~ kucr vdc p`~v~cuci kr cmgdv }c`r~) ^minc vdm~ h`vvcr pd`~c d`~ bcci ` pcrmkf ke ~s~v`micf i`vmki`hcnkiklmn grkwvd( vdc mlphmn`vmki m~ vd`v vdc C`~v Lmfhìf~ d`~ e`mhcf vk `vvr`nv mv~eshh ~d`rc ke vdm~ bkkl $wmfch} vdksgdv vk bc l`mih} fsc vk vdc grkwvd ke dmgd,vcndicw cnkikl} nvmumvmc~-)

6)3 Mi `ffmvmki( rcgmki`h fmeecrcivm`h vrcif~ mi pcr n`pmv` GF_ rcehcnv rcgmki`hfmeecrcinc~ mi vdc lkuclciv~ ke prkfsnvmumv} ìf clphk}lciv kucr vmlc) Vdc~cesrvdcr nklphmn`vc dkw wc umcw vdc `ggrcg`vc nklpcvmvmuc pcrekrlìnc ke vdc SArcgmki~) Vdc hkig,rsi grkwvd r`vc~ ke prkfsnvmumv} `nrk~~ vdc rcgmki~ $Emgsrc >-rcuc`h vd`v `hvdksgd prkfsnvmumv} d`~ bcci grkwmig mi `hh rcgmki~( mv d`~ grkwi

Emgsrc 2: _d`~c~ mi vdc Nklpcvmvmuc _crekrlìnc ke vdc C`~v Lmfhìf~( rch`vmuc vk vdc SA Cnkikl} `~ `wdkhc: pcr n`pmv`h GF_ $0==3 prmnc~-( 0=4?,2??> $0=4??

06?

03?

05?

07?

0=4?

0=40

0=42

0=4>

0=46

0=43

0=45

0=47

0=44

0=4=

0==?

0==0

0==2

0==>

0==6

0==3

0==5

0==7

0==4

0===

2???

2??0

2??2

2??>

SA

C`~v Lmfhìf~

Ik grkwvd g`p

Grkwvd g`pkpci~ sp

Grkwvd g`p~v`bhc

Grkwvd g`pmfci~ `g`mi


13/46

0>

Emgsrc >: Rcgmki`h _rkfsnvmumv} Grkwvd $GU@ pcr wkracr- $0==3 _rmnc~-( 0=4?,2??> $0=4? pcrmkf:vdc ^ksvd C`~v( ^ksvd Wc~v( Ikrvdcri Mrchìf ìf vdc C`~v Lmfhìf~) Ikvc dkw~klc rcgmki~ dùc d`rfh} ~cci ì} clphk}lciv ctpì~mki ~minc vdc c`rh},0=4?~(ìf vd`v clphk}lciv vdc Ikrvd C`~v d`~ `nvs`hh} ~v`gi`vcf) Vds~ prkfsnvmumv}grkwvd( `~ kic `ggrcg`vc lc`~src ke rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmuc pcrekrlìnc( m~ ikvicnc~~`rmh} `~~knm`vcf wmvd nkrrc~pkifmig clphk}lciv grkwvd( ìkvdcr lc`~srcke rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmuc pcrekrlìnc) Mifccf( me i`vmki`h ùcr`gc r`vc~ `rc s~cf vk

fm~vmigsm~d dmgd $`bkuc ùcr`gc- ìf hkw $bchkw ùcr`gcgrkwvd rcgmki~( ~klcfm~vminv rcgmki`h fmeecrcinc~ clcrgc $Emgsrc 5-) Hkifki l`} dùc bcci vdc dmgdc~vprkfsnvmumv} grkwvd rcgmki kucr vdc p`~v vwciv} }c`r~ kr ~k( bsv mv~ clphk}lcivgrkwvd d`~ bcci bchkw ùcr`gc) Vdc kih} rcgmki vk dùc rcnkrfcf `bkuc ùcr`gcgrkwvd ke bkvd prkfsnvmumv} ìf clphk}lciv d`~ bcci vdc ^ksvd C`~v) Vdc `bkucùcr`gc grkwvd mi prkfsnvmumv} mi vdc Wc~v Lmfhìf~ d`~ ikv bcci `nnklpìmcf b}

4?

0??

02?

06?

05?

04?

2??

0=4?

0=40

0=42

0=4>

0=46

0=43

0=45

0=47

0=44

0=4=

0==?

0==0

0==2

0==>

0==6

0==3

0==5

0==7

0==4

0===

2???

2??0

2??2

2??>

Ikrvd C`~v

Ikrvd Wc~v

]kra~dmrc,Dslbcr

C`~v Lmfhìf~

Wc~v Lmfhìf~

C`~vcri

Hkifki

^ksvd C`~v

^ksvd Wc~v

W`hc~

^nkvhìf

Ikrvdcri Mrchìf


14/46

06

Emgsrc 6: Rch`vmuc Rcgmki`h _rkfsnvmumv} $GU@ pcr Clphk}cc-( 0==3 _rmnc~( 0=4?,2??> $SA( $0=4??

0=4?

0=40

0=42

0=4>

0=46

0=43

0=45

0=47

0=44

0=4=

0==?

0==0

0==2

0==>

0==6

0==3

0==5

0==7

0==4

0===

2???

2??0

2??2

2??>

Ikrvd C`~v

Ikrvd Wc~v

]kra~dmrc,Dslbcr

C`~v Lmfhìf~

Wc~v Lmfhìf~

C`~vcri

Hkifki

^ksvd C`~v

^ksvd Wc~v

W`hc~

^nkvhìf

Ikrvdcri Mrchìf

43

=?

=3

0??

0?3

00?

003

02?

023

0>?

0=4?

0=40

0=42

0=4>

0=46

0=43

0=45

0=47

0=44

0=4=

0==?

0==0

0==2

0==>

0==6

0==3

0==5

0==7

0==4

0===

2???

2??0

2??2

2??>

C`~v Lmfhìf~

Ikrvd C`~v

Ikrvd Wc~v

]kra~dmrc if Vdc

Dslbcr

Wc~v Lmfhìf~

C`~vcri

Hkifki

^ksvd C`~v

^ksvd Wc~v

W`hc~

^nkvhìf

Ikrvdcri Mrchìf


15/46

03

~mgimemnìv clphk}lciv grkwvd) Vdc rcl`mimig rcgmki~ e`hh mivk vwk grksp~: vdk~c vd`vdùc ctpcrmcincf bchkw ùcr`gc prkfsnvmumv} grkwvd( bsv `bkuc ùcr`gc clphk}lcivctpì~mki $vdc ^ksvd Wc~v( C`~vcri( C`~v Lmfhìf~ ìf Ikrvdcri Mrchìf rcgmki~-1 ìf

vdk~c wmvd bchkw ùcr`gc grkwvd ke bkvd prkfsnvmumv} ìf clphk}lciv $W`hc~(]kra~dmrc,Dslbcr~mfc( Ikrvd Wc~v( ^nkvhìf( ìf Ikrvd C`~v-)

Emgsrc 5: Rcgmki`h _rkfsnvmumv} Grkwvd ìf Clphk}lciv Grkwvd( 0=4?,2??>)

6)7 @ islbcr ke pkmiv~ `rm~c erkl vdm~ brmce ì`h}~m~)$`- Cuci kucr vdc hkig,rsi( dmgd prkfsnvmumv} grkwvd rcgmki~ iccf ikv icnc~~`rmh}

cijk} dmgd clphk}lciv grkwvd $cg) Hkifki-) ^mlmh`rh}( dmgd clphk}lciv grkwvdrcgmki~ l`} dùc smvc hkw prkfsnvmumv} grkwvd $cg) Ikrvdcri Mrchìf-)

$b- @v vdc ucr} hc`~v( vdm~ rcifcr~ ì} ~mlphc cs`vmki ke rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~wmvd prkfsnvmumv} $`~ mi _krvcr ìf Arsglì- prkbhcl`vmn( ~minc vdc h`vvcr iccfikv bc ` ~seemnmciv b`~m~ ekr dmgd clphk}lciv grkwvd)

$n- Wd`v( vdci( ~dkshf bc vdc rch`vmuc mlpkrvìnc ke prkfsnvmumv} grkwvd ìfclphk}lciv grkwvd `~ cumfcinc ke ` rcgmki~ f}i`lmn nklpcvmvmuc `fuìv`gc;Ekr ct`lphc( ~dkshf ` rcgmki ~snd `~ Ikrvdcri Mrchìf( wmvd ` dmgd r`vc ke

clphk}lciv grkwvd( bsv ` hkw r`vc ke prkfsnvmumv} grkwvd $ìf ` hkw rch`vmuchcuch ke prkfsnvmumv}- bc nki~mfcrcf `~ g`mimig kr h`ggmig mi nklpcvmvmuc`fuìv`gc; Mv l`} bc nhc`r vd`v vdc ^ksvd C`~v m~ ` dmgdh} nklpcvmvmuc rcgmki( `~rcuc`hcf b} bkvd dmgd prkfsnvmumv} grkwvd ìf dmgd clphk}lciv grkwvd( ìfvd`v vdc Ikrvd C`~v m~ cs`hh} sinklpcvmvmuc ki bkvd nksiv~) Bsv dkw wcfc~nrmbc rcgmki~ wdmnd `rc pcrekrlmig rch`vmuch} wchh mi cmvdcr prkfsnvmumv}

,0?

,3

?

3

0?

03

2?

23

>?

2? >? 6? 3? 5? 7? 4? =? 0??

_rkfsnvmumv} GrkwvdHkw Dmgd

Clphk}lcivGrkwvd

Hkw

Dmgd

Hkifki

^ksvd C`~v

Wc~v Lmfhìf~

^ksvd Wc~v

I Mrchìf

C`~vcri

C`~v Lmfhìf~

W`hc~

Ikrvd C`~v

]kra~,Dslbcr

Ikrvd Wc~v ^nkvhìf

SA


16/46

05

grkwvd kr clphk}lciv grkwvd( bsv ikv bkvd , ~snd `~ vdc C`~v Lmfhìf~ ìfWc~v lmfhìf~ , m~ hc~~ kbumks~)

6)4 @if wdmhc vclpkr`h vrcif~ mi rch`vmuc rcgmki`h grkwvd $wdcvdcr ke GF_(

prkfsnvmumv} kr clphk}lciv-( l`} prkumfc lc`~src~ ke rcuc`hcf f}i`lmn rcgmki`hnklpcvmvmucic~~( vdc} fk ikv ke vdcl~chuc~ vchh s~ lsnd `bksv vdc ~ksrnc~ ke vd`vnklpcvmvmucic~~( wd}rcgmki~ fmeecr mi prkfsnvmumv}) Vdc lk~v kbumks~ `pprk`nd vkì~wcrmig vdm~ sc~vmki m~ vk vsri vk cnkiklmn vdckr}) Dkwcucr( dcrc wc lccvìkvdcr ~cv ke prkbhcl~)

3) Wd`v Fkc~ Cnkiklmn Vdckr} Vchh S~ @bksv Rcgmki`hNklpcvmvmucic~~;

3)0 Siekrvsi`vch}( vdcrc m~ ik ~mighc( `hh,cinklp`~~mig cnkiklmn kr cnkiklmn,gckgr`pdmn vdckr} vd`v prkumfc~ ` gcicr`hh} `nncpvcf fcemimvmki ìf ctphì`vmki kercgmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~) Wd`v wc dùc mi~vc`f m~ ` rìgc ke fmeecrciv vdckrcvmn`h`nnksiv~ ke $rch`vmucrcgmki`h grkwvd $V`bhc 0-( erkl wdmnd mlphmn`vmki~ ekrrcgmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~ dùc vk bc rc`f kee kr miecrrcf) Kih} _krvcr~ nhs~vcrvdckr} m~ ctphmnmvh} nkincricf wmvd rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmuc `fuìv`gc( b`~cf fmrcnvh}`~ mv m~ ki dm~ c`rhmcr wkra fcuchkpcf vk ctph`mi vdc nklpcvmvmuc `fuìv`gc keemrl~( mifs~vrmc~ ìf i`vmki~)

3)2 Ctpkrv b`~c vdckrmc~ hmia lk~v nhk~ch} wmvd mfc`~ ke rcgmki`h nklp`r`vmuc`fuìv`gc) Vdc ~snnc~~ ke ` rcgmki~ vr`f`bhc b`~c m~ dchf vk bc ` l`jkr

fcvcrlmiìv $um` lshvmphmcr ceecnv~- ke vdc pcrekrlìnc ke vdc rcgmki~ cnkikl} `wdkhc $Rkwvdkri( 0===-) Mv m~ erkl ` rcgmki~ vr`f`bhc b`~c vd`v prkfsnvmumv} ìfvcndikhkgmn`h `fuìnc `rc ~vmlsh`vcf( ìf( vdrksgd u`rmks~ lshvmphmcr ceecnv~(fclìf,hcf grkwvd m~ fmees~cf vdrksgd vdc rcgmki~ cnkikl}) Cucr} rcgmki wmhhdùc ` nklp`r`vmuc `fuìv`gc mi ~klc ~cnvkr~ ìf ` nklp`r`vmuc fm~`fuìv`gc mikvdcr~) Rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmuc pcrekrlìnc m~ vds~ l`tmlm~cf b} nkincivr`vmig kivdc ekrlcr r`vdcr vdì vdc h`vvcr) Vdc prkbhcl( ke nksr~c( m~ vd`v rcgmki`hnklp`r`vmuc `fuìv`gc m~ ikv ` ~v`vmn ec`vsrc: mv m~ sifcr nki~vìv nd`hhcigc b}ndìgc~ mi nki~slcr v`~vc~( ~dmevmig ctpkrv l`racv~( vdc rm~c ke icw nklpcvmvkr~(ìf fcuchkplciv~ mi vcndikhkg}) Rcgmki~ nì hkk~c vdcmr nklp`r`vmuc `fuìv`gcucr} smnah} me vdc} e`mh vk rc~pkif vk ~snd prc~~src~) Vdc Brmvm~d cnkiklmn

hìf~n`pc m~ hmvvcrcf wmvd ct`lphc~ ke rcgmki`hh},~pcnm`hm~cf ctpkrv ~cnvkr~ vd`vkinc vdrmucf bsv wdmnd dùc ~sb~cscivh} hk~v vdcmr nklpcvmvmuc `fuìv`gc ìfprkfsncf rch`vmuc rcgmki`h cnkiklmn fcnhmic `~ ` rc~shv) Vk rcl`mi nklpcvmvmuch}~snnc~~esh( rcgmki~ iccf nki~vìvh} vk lkuc sp vdc u`hsc `ffcf nd`mi mi vdcmrp`rvmnsh`r ~pcnm`hm~l( kr rcnkiemgsrc vdcmr cnkiklmn b`~c mivk icw vr`f`bhc~cnvkr~( prkfsnv~ ìf ~crumnc~ mi wdmnd vdc} dùc( kr nì nrc`vc( ` nklp`r`vmuc`fuìv`gc)


17/46

07

Vdckr} L`mi ksrnc ke Rcgmki`h Grkwvd if _rkfsnvmumv}

Ctpkrv,b`~c vdckrmc~ Vdc nklpcvmvmucic~~ $prkfsnvmumv}- ke ` rcgmki~ vr`f`bhc b`~c m~ ìmlpkrvìv fcvcrlmiìv ke mv~ kucr`hh cnkiklmn pcrekrlìnc ìf~snnc~~) Ctpkrv b`~c vdckr} dmgdhmgdv~ vdc rkhc vd`v ` rcgmki~ ctpkrv~cnvkr~ ph`} bkvd fmrcnvh} ìf um` lshvmphmcr ceecnv~ ki vdc rcgmki~iki,vr`f`bhc `nvmumvmc~ mi ~vmlsh`vmig minklc~( miuc~vlciv ìfprkfsnvmumv} fuìnc)

Cifkgciks~ grkwvd

vdckr}

Vdc `nnslsh`vmki ìf `vvr`nvmki ke cfsn`vcf ìf ~amhhcf dslì n`pmv`hm~ vdc ac} ~ksrnc ke hkn`h cnkiklmn grkwvd ìf prkfsnvmumv} `fuìnc(um` mv~ ceecnv ki vcndikhkgmn`h prkgrc~~) Vdc hkn`hm~cf nkincivr`vmki ke~snd wkracr~ prklkvc~ aikwhcfgc nrc`vmki ìf ~pmhhkucr~( ìf vdcincmiiku`vmki)

Ick,^ndslpcvcrmì

vdckr}

Miiku`vmki( vcndikhkgmn`h `fuìnc ìf civrcprcicsrm`hm~l `rc vdc ac}

frmucr~ ke rcgmki h nklpcvmvmuc pcrekrlìnc) Vdcrc `rc vwk kppk~migumcw~ `~ vk wd`v ~vmlsh`vc~ hkn`h miiku`vmki: hkn`h cnkiklmn~pcnm`hm~`vmki $vdrksgd rmu`hr} bcvwcci ~mlmh`r ìf nklpcvmig emrl~-( krhkn`h cnkiklmn fmucr~mv} $vdrksgd vdc grc`vcr ~nkpc ekr ikuchv} ìfl`racv kppkrvsimvmc~-)

Nhs~vcr vdckrmc~ @ rcgmki~ nklpcvmvmuc `fuìv`gc fcpcif~ ki vdc prc~cinc ke hkn`hm~cfnhs~vcr~ ke ~pcnm`hm~cf ctpkrv,krmciv`vcf mifs~vrmc~( ìf `~~knm`vcf~sppkrvmig ~spphmcr ìf mi~vmvsvmki`h icvwkra~) ^snd nhs~vcrmig~vmlsh`vc~: mivcr,emrl rmu`hr} ìf aikwhcfgc ~pmhhkucr~( miiku`vmki(miuc~vlciv( ìf ` hkn`h pkkh ke ~pcnm`hm~cf ~amhhcf h`bksr( `hh ke wdmndminrc`~c hkn`h prkfsnvmumv})

Cukhsvmki`r} Vdckr} @i cukhsvmki`r} pcr~pcnvmuc clpd`~m~c~ f}i`lmn nklpcvmvmuc`fuìv`gc( ìf vdc `f`pvmuc n`p`bmhmvmc~ ke ` rcgmki`h cnkikl} vkrc~pkif vk ~dmev~ ìf ndìgc~ mi l`racv~( vdc rm~c ke icw nklpcvmvkr~(

ìf vdc fcuchkplciv ke icw vcndikhkgmc~) @ rcgmki~ nklpcvmvmuc`fuìv`gc m~ vdc nklphct ksvnklc ke mv~ p`~v fcuchkplciv , p`vdfcpcifcinc , ìf mv~ n`p`nmv} vk nrc`vc icw p`vdw`}~ ke fcuchkplciv)Vdc cukhsvmki ke mi~vmvsvmki`h ekrl~ ìf m~ nrsnm`h vk vdm~ prknc~~)

Mi~vsvmki`hm~v vdckr} @ rcgmki~ nklpcvmvmuc `fuìv`gc m~ dchf vk fcrmuc erkl vdc vdmnaic~~ke mv~ mi~vmvsvmki~) Vd`v m~( ` wchh,fcuchkpcf ìf rcgmki`hh} clbcffcf ~cvke miekrl`h ìf miekrl`h mi~vmvsvmki~( erkl bs~mic~~ ìf vr`fc`~~knm`vmki~( vk cfsn`vmki`h ìf vr`mimig mi~vmvsvmki~( vk civrcprcicsrm`hnshvsrc( vk nmumn vrs~v ìf kvdcr ekrl~ ke ~knm`h n`pmv`h( `hh wmvd `nkllki ~ci~c ke psrpk~c( prkumfc ` dmgdh} eùksr`bhc ciumrkilciv ekrcnkiklmn fcuchkplciv if ctpì~mki)

Nshvsr`h vdckr} @ hkk~cr bkf} ke vdckr} vd`v `vvrmbsvc~ rcgmki`h $ìf nmv}- ~snnc~~ vkvdc ctm~vcinc( ki vdc kic dìf( ke nshvsr`h fmucr~mv} ìf vkhcrìnc

$wdmnd `hhcgcfh} ~vmlsh`vc~ nrc`vmumv}( miiku`vmki ìf civrcprcicsr~dmp-(ìf( ki vdc kvdcr( vk eùksr`bhc nshvsr`h `lcimvmc~ ìf mier`~vrsnvsrcwdmnd cidìnc vdc s`hmv} ke hmec ìf dchp vk `vvr`nv wkracr~ ìfbs~mic~~c~)

V`bhc 0: Nklpcvmig Vdckrmc~ ke Rcgmki`h Nklpcvmvmucic~~


18/46

04

3)> Cifkgciks~ grkwvd ìf ick,^ndslpcvcrmì vdckrmc~ bkvd ph`nc p`rvmnsh`rclpd`~m~ ki vdc rkhc ke aikwhcfgc ìf vcndikhkgmn`h ndìgc `~ ~ksrnc~ kercgmki`h nklpcvmvmuc `fuìv`gc $~cc L`rvmi ìf ^sihc}( 0==4-) Sifcr cifkgciks~

grkwvd vdckr} vdcrc `rc mlpkrvìv minrc`~mig rcvsri~ `~~knm`vcf wmvd vdchkn`hm~cf `nnslsh`vmki ke ~amhhcf ìf aikwhcfgc`bhc wkracr~) Cfsn`vmki ìfrc~c`rnd `rc vds~ ac} frmucr~ ke rcgmki`h ~snnc~~( ~minc vdc~c cidìnc hkn`hmiiku`vmki ìf vcndikhkgmn`h `fuìnc( ìf dcinc prkfsnvmumv} grkwvd) Aikwhcfgc~pmhhkucr~ `rc `rgscf vk bc hkn`hm~cf ~k vd`v hkn`h miiku`vmki bcnklc~ ~che,rcmiekrnmig) Ick,^ndslpcvcrmì vdckrmc~ `h~k `~~mgi prml`n} vk miiku`vmki `~ vdcac} vk rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmuc `fuìv`gc) Vdc `rgslciv dcrc m~ vd`v nklpcvmvmkifcpcif~ ki vdc ~c`rnd ekr nklpcvmvmuc `fuìv`gc( ìf vdc fcuchkplciv ke icwprkfsnv~ ìf prknc~~c~ m~ vdc prminmp`h w`} vdm~ m~ `ndmcucf) Mi kvdcr wkrf~(rcgmki`h fmeecrcinc~ mi nklpcvmvmuc `fuìv`gc dmigc ki rcgmki`h fmeecrcinc~ miaikwhcfgc nrc`vmki ìf `pphmn`vmki( vd`v m~ ki miiku`vmki) Miiku`vmki frmuc~

nklpcvmvmki ìf nklpcvmvmki fcrmuc~ miiku`vmki) Vdc hkn`h fcvcrlmiìv~ kemiiku`vmki( ìf ke civrcprcicsr~dmp ` ac} ~ksrnc ke miiku`vmuc `nvmumv} , vds~`~~slc ` ncivr`h rkhc mi ctph`mimig rcgmki`h fmeecrcinc~ mi nklpcvmvmuc `fuìv`gc)@if vdm~ mlphmc~ mi vsri vd`v ekr ` rcgmki vk l`miv`mi mv~ nklpcvmvmuc `fuìv`gckucr vmlc( mv iccf~ nkivmisks~h} vk l`miv`mi ` dmgd r`vc ke miiku`vmki rch`vmuc vkemv~ nklpcvmvkr rcgmki~) Nkrrc~pkifmigh}( ` prml`r} mifmn`vkr ke f}i`lmn rcgmki`hnklpcvmvmucic~~ m~ cumfcinc ki vdc ndìgmig rch`vmuc mlpkrvìnc kucr vmlc kefmeecrciv vcndikhkgmn`h mlprkuclciv~ ìf `fuìnc~ `lkig~v vdc rcgmki~ emrl~ ìfvdcmr nvmumvmc~)

3)6 Nhs~vcr,b`~cf vdckrmc~ ke rcgmki`h grkwvd ìf nklpcvmvmuc `fuìv`gc `rclk~v nhk~ch} `~~knm`vcf wmvd Lmnd`ch _krvcr $0==4( 2??0( 2??6- ìf wmvd vdc ~k,n`hhcf icw cnkiklmn gckgr`pd} lkfch~ ke Arsglì $2??0( 2??>-) Vdc~c ekns~ki vdc mlpkrvìnc ke hkn`h ctvcri`h cnkiklmc~ `~~knm`vcf wmvd vdc ~p`vm`h`gghklcr`vmki ke cnkiklmn `nvmumv}) @nnkrfmig vk _krvcr( hkn`h nhs~vcr~ ke ctpkrv,krmciv`vcf mifs~vrm`h ~pcnm`hm~`vmki `rc dchf vk bc vdc bsmhfmig bhkna~ ke rcgmki`h~snnc~~) Nhs~vcrmig ke ~mlmh`r ìf rch`vcf emrl~ gcicr`vc~ u`rmks~ ctvcri`hcnkiklmc~ vd`v `rc ~ksrnc~ ke minrc`~mig rcvsri~ vk vdc emrl~ nkincricf( mip`rvmnsh`r vdc prc~cinc ke ` pkkh ke ~pcnm`hm~cf h`bksr( fcfmn`vcf ~spphmcr~( ìficvwkra~ ke ~sppkrvmig mi~vmvsvmki~) Nhs~vcrmig `h~k mivci~memc~ mivcr,emrl rmu`hr}ìf aikwhcfgc ~pmhhkucr~( bkvd ke wdmnd ~vmlsh`vc miiku`vmki( ìf vds~ dmgdcrprkfsnvmumv}( ìf vdcinc vdc ctpkrv nklpcvmvmucic~~ ke vdc emrl~ mi vdc nhs~vcr)

Arsglì~ lkfch~ `rc ucr} ~mlmh`r( vdksgd vdc} `h~k `hhkw ekr vdc ceecnv kectvcri`h cnkiklmc~ ke l`racv ~mzc `rm~mig erkl vdc prc~cinc ke h`rgc( ìf ikvicnc~~`rmh} mifs~vrm`hh} ~pcnm`hm~cf( srbì `gghklcr`vmki~) _krvcr~ nhs~vcr lkfchke rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~ d`~ bcci cikrlks~h} miehscivm`h mi pkhmn} nmrnhc~( bsv m~ikv wmvdksv mv~ hmlmv`vmki~ ìf ~dkrvnklmig~ $L`rvmi ìf ^sihc}( 2??>-) Mv vchh~ s~hmvvhc `bksv dkw ~snd nhs~vcr~ fcuchkp( kr `bksv wd} vdc} nì `h~k fcnhmic1 mv ~`}~ikvdmig `bksv dkw nhs~vcr~ mlp`nv ki vdc rcgmki`h cnkikl} `~ ` wdkhc $vd`v m~ ki


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vdc iki,nhs~vcr ~p`nc~-1 ikr m~ vdc cumfcinc wdkhh} ~sppkrvmuc ke _krvcr~ nh`mlvd`v miiku`vmki m~ miu`rm`bh} dmgdcr `lkig~v emrl~ mi nhs~vcr~ vdì mv m~ mi iki,nhs~vcrcf emrl~)

3)3 Cukhsvmki`r} pcr~pcnvmuc~ ki rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~ `rc `~ }cv mi ì c`rh}~v`gc ke fcuchkplciv( bsv pkvcivm`hh} keecr ` ucr} ersmvesh `pprk`nd( ~minc vdc}~vrc~~ vdc f}i`lmn i`vsrc ke rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmuc `fuìv`gc $Bk~ndl`( 2??6-) @islbcr ke ac} `~~slpvmki~ sifcrpmi ì cukhsvmki`r} pcr~pcnvmuc: emr~v( vd`vrcgmki`h cnkiklmc~ `rc midcrcivh} fmeecrciv erkl kic ìkvdcr1 ~cnkif( vd`vfmeecrcinc~ `lkig vdcl pcr~m~v vdrksgd vmlc1 vdmrf( vd`v wd`v fcvcrlmic~ vdcnklpcvmvmuc `fuìv`gc ke ` rcgmki m~ vdc n`p`bmhmv} ke mv~ bs~mic~~c~( wkracr~ ìfmi~vmvsvmki~ vk `f`pv vk ` nki~vìvh} ndìgmig ciumrkilciv $l`racv~( nklpcvmvkr~ìf vcndikhkgmc~-1 ìf eksrvd( vd`v c`nd rcgmki miehscinc~ mv~ nklpcvmvmucciumrkilciv b} mv~ kwi miiku`vmki~ ìf fcuchkplciv) @ rcgmki~ f}i`lmnnklpcvmvmuc `fuìv`gc m~ `~~slcf vk bc vdc ksvnklc ke ` nklphct cukhsvmki`r}prknc~~ miukhumig vdc mivcrph`} ke ekrnc~ làmig ekr rcgmki`h p`vd fcpcifcinc $vdcmidcrmvcf hcg`n} ke prcumks~ fcuchkplciv- ki vdc kic dìf( ìf vdc ekrnc~ làmigekr ikuchv} ìf vdc clcrgcinc ke icw p`vd~ ke cnkiklmn fcuchkplciv( ki vdckvdcr)

3)5 Mi~vmvsvmki`h ìf nshvsr`h`nnksiv~ ke rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmuc `fuìv`gc ekns~ki vdc rkhc ke u`rmks~ ~kev e`nvkr~ mi ~d`pmig cnkiklmn grkwvd ìf pcrekrlìnc)Mi~vmvsvmki`h vdmnaic~~ vdc rìgc ìf nkllki krmciv`vmki ke hkn`h mi~vmvsvmki~(bkvd ekrl`h ìf miekrl`h , m~ dchf vk bc c~pcnm`hh} mlpkrvìv) ^sppkrvmucmi~vmvsvmki~ e`nmhmv`vc bs~mic~~ fcuchkplciv( miiku`vmki( h`bksr ~amhh ekrl`vmki( ìfvrs~v ìf nkkpcr`vmki `lkig~v hkn`h emrl~: vdc} nì dchp ekrl ` nkllki ~ci~c ke

psrpk~c ìf fmrcnvmki mi vdc hkn`h cnkikl}) Vdc rkhc ke ~knm`h n`pmv`h ke hkn`h`vvmvsfc~( vr`fmvmki~( ìf ekrl~ ke ~knm`h `~~knm`vmki m~ `h~k clpd`~m~cf( vdksgdlsnd hc~~ c`~} vk lc`~src ìf mfcivme} $~cc Emic( 2???1 N`~c}( 2??6-) ^mlmh`rh}(nshvsr`h `nnksiv~ vcif vk ~vrc~~ vdc mlpkrvìnc ke ì kpci ìf fmucr~c nshvsr`hb`~c vk rcgmki`h ~snnc~~: nshvsr`h fmucr~mv} ìf kpciic~~ `rc `hhcgcf vk prklkvcnrc`vmumv}( ìf `nnkrfmig vk ì`h}~v~ ~snd `~ Ehkrmf` $2??2-( vdc `bmhmv} ke ` rcgmkikr nmv} vk `vvr`nv ìf nshvmu`vc ` nrc`vmuc nh`~~ m~ ikw ` ac} frmucr ke cnkiklmn~snnc~~) Vdc `vvr`nvmucic~~ ke rcgmki~ ìf nmvmc~ vk vdc~c nrc`vmuc ìf civcrprm~migwkracr~ m~ mv~che `rgscf vk bc dmgdh} miehscincf b} vdc rìgc ke ` rcgmki~ kr nmv}~nshvsr`h `lcimvmc~ ìf mier`~vrsnvsrc( wdmnd cidìnc vdc hkn`h s`hmv} ke hmec) B}vdcmr i`vsrc( vdc ~kev `~pcnv~ ke vdc mi~vmvsvmki`h+nshvsr`h n`pmv`h ke ` rcgmki `rc

ikv c`~} vk `~~c~~( ikr fk wc aikw lsnd `bksv vdcmr f}i`lmn~ $ekr ct`lphc dkwvdc} nk,cukhuc wmvd vdc hkn`h cnkikl}-) Bsv vdc minrc`~migh} `nncpvcf umcw m~vd`v mi~vmvsvmki`h,nshvsr`h e`nvkr~ l`} ph`} ` ekrl`vmuc rkhc mi hkn`h cnkiklmngkucriìnc( ìf `~ ~snd dùc ` nrmvmn`h bc`rmig ki vdc rch`vmuc nklpcvmvmuc`fuìv`gc ke rcgmki~)


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3)7 Gmuci vdc~c fmeecrciv vdksgd vk ~klc ctvciv kucrh`ppmig , `pprk`ndc~(kic ~khsvmki wkshf bc vk fm~vmh ` hm~v ke ac} fcvcrlmiìv~ ke rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmuc`fuìv`gc erkl vdc~c u`rmks~ bkfmc~ ke vdckr}) Vdm~ lmgdv minhsfc: prkfsnvmucn`pmv`h $vdc rcgmki~ midcrmvcf cnkiklmn ìf bs~mic~~ ~vrsnvsrc( minhsfmig vdc

fcgrcc ìf v}pc ke ~pcnm`hm~`vmki-( dslì n`pmv`h $h`bksr ekrnc ~amhh~ ìfs`hmemn`vmki~ `nrk~~ vdc rcgmki-( vdc rcgmki~ nrc`vmuc n`pmv`h $aikwhcfgc(miiku`vmki ìf civrcprcicsr~dmp-( mv~ mier`~vrsnvsr`h n`pmv`h $bkvd d`rf ìf ~kev(psbhmn ìf prmu`vc-( wd`v lmgdv bc n`hhcf vdc rcgmki~ ~knmk,mi~vmvsvmki`h n`pmv`h$ctvciv( fcpvd( ìf krmciv`vmki ke bs~mic~~ icvwkra~ ìf `~~knm`vmki~( wkraph`ncvr`fmvmki~( psbhmn krgìm~`vmki~( cvn-( ìf nshvsr`h n`pmv`h $rìgc ìf s`hmv} kenshvsr`h e`nmhmvmc~ ìf `~~cv~-) Vdc Gkucrilciv~ kwi `pprk`nd d`~ bcci vkmfcivme} wd`v mv n`hh~ ac} frmucr~ ke i`vmki`h prkfsnvmumv} ~amhh~( miiku`vmki(civrcprcicsr~dmp( miuc~vlciv ìf nklpcvmvmuc ciumrkilciv , ìf vk `pph} vdc~c`v vdc rcgmki`h hcuch) Vdc Gkucrilciv d`~ `h~k prkfsncf ` ~mlmh`r hm~v ke frmucr~ke nmv} nklpcvmvmucic~~( vdksgd vdc~c fmeecr ~hmgdvh} $cnkiklmn fmucr~mv}( ~amhhcfwkraekrnc( nkiicnvmumv} mivcri`h ìf ctvcri`h( ~vr`vcgmn phìimig n`p`nmv}(miiku`vmki( ìf s`hmv} ke hmec-)

3)4 Wd`v `h~k l`vvcr~ m~ ikv ~mlph} wd`v ac} fcvcrlmiìv~ kr frmucr~ `rcvdksgdv vk bc nrmvmn`h( bsv `h~k dkw vdc~c frmucr~ `rc ~sppk~cf vk fcuchkp ìfmivcr`nv wmvdmi ` rcgmki`h ~cvvmig) Vdc Gkucrilciv~ vdmiamig ki vdm~ m~rcprkfsncf mi Emgsrc 7: ~amhh~ ìf civcrprm~c wkshf ~ccl vk bc vdc b`~mn vwmipmhh`r~ ke rcgmki`h prkfsnvmumv} $nklpcvmvmucic~~- mi vdm~ lkfch( ìf miiku`vmki~ccl~ vk bc vdc ac} frmucr ke prkfsnvmumv}) Wd} ik hmia m~ ~dkwi b`na erklmiiku`vmki vk nklpcvmvmki $` dmgd r`vc ke miiku`vmki `lkig~v emrl~ l`} wchhminrc`~c vdcmr rmu`hr}-( kr erkl nklpcvmvmki b`na vk civcrprm~c $` dmgdh}

nklpcvmvmuc ciumrkilciv l`} mv~che ~vmlsh`vc civcrprm~c- m~ ikv nhc`r) Lkrckucr(vdcrc m~ ikvdmig `bksv vdm~ ~ndcl`vmn vd`v m~ midcrcivh} rcgmki`h) Vdc rcgmki`hfmlci~mki d`~ bcci `ffcf l`mih} mi vdc ekrl ke vdc Gkucrilciv~ civds~m`~l ekr_krvcr~ ikvmki ke nhs~vcr~) Ekr wdmhc vdc frmucr~ mi Emgsrc 7 `rc ikv vdc ~`lc `~vdc l`mi chclciv~ ke _krvcr~ nklpcvmvmuc fm`lkif( vdcrc m~ nhc`rh} ~klcnkiicnvmki: vds~ h`bksr ~amhh~ `rc p`rv ke _krvcr~ e`nvkr ~spph} nkifmvmki~( ìfnklpcvmvmki rch`vc~ vk vdc emrl rmu`hr} ìf ~vr`vcg} nklpkiciv ke dm~ fm`lkif)@if mi _krvcr~ nhs~vcr lkfch( vdc hkn`hm~cf mivcr`nvmki ke dm~ eksr fm`lkifchclciv~ m~ ~sppk~cf vk prklkvc miuc~vlciv ìf miiku`vmki) ]cv( mi vdcGkucrilciv~ kwi fm~ns~~mki~ ke vdc frmucr~ ke rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~ $cg( DLVrc`~sr}( 2??6-( ìf mi mv~ rcgsh`rh} psbhm~dcf rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~ mifmn`vkr~

$www)fvm)gku)sa+rnm-( vdc `pprk`nd d`~ bcci vk fc~nrmbc rcgmki`h u`rm`vmki~ mic`nd ke vdc frmucr~ $ìf mifmn`vkr~-( mi vsri ìf mi m~kh`vmki( r`vdcr vdì `vvclpvvk ì`h}~c rcgmki`h u`rm`vmki~ mi vdcmr mivcr`nvmki)

3)= Vdcrc m~ mi e nv ì sifcrh}mig nkllki vdrc`f hmiamig lk~v ke vdc vdckrmc~mi V`bhc 0 vd`v rch`vc~ vk vdm~ mfc` ke rcgmki`h,~pcnmemn mivcr`nvmki( i`lch} vdc rkhckercgmki`h ctvcri`h cnkiklmc~) Vdm~ rcecr~ vk vdc e`nv( ikvcf `bkuc( vd`v vdc ucr}


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prknc~~ ke gckgr`pdmn`h `gghklcr`vmki ìf hkn`hm~`vmki ke cnkiklmn `nvmumv} nìmv~che gcicr`vc mlpkrvìv bcicemv~ $cnkiklmc~- vd`v `rc ctvcri`h vk mifmumfs`h emrl~bsv wdmnd nì pk~mvmuch} r`m~c vdc prkfsnvmuc pcrekrlìnc ke vdcl nkhhcnvmuch} $kr

Emgsrc 7: Frmucr~ ke Rcgmki`h _rkfsnvmumv} S~cf mi SA Rcgmki`h Nklpcvmvmucic~~ _khmn}$^ksrnc: DL Vrc`~sr}( 2??6-

`v hc`~v lì} ke vdcl-) Mi dm~ ~vsf} ke vdc ^nkvvm~d cnkikl}( rcecrrcf vk c`rhmcr(Arsglì $2??>- miukac~ rcgmki`h ctvcri`h cnkiklmc~ `~ kic ke vwk prml`r}~ksrnc~ ke rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmuc `fuìv`gc( vdc kvdcr bcmig wd`v dc n`hh~ rcgmki`hesif`lciv`h~:

Gmuci vd`v lkfc~v fmeecrcinc~ mi vkv`h e`nvkr prkfsnvmumv} nì dùc h`rgcgrkwvd nki~cscinc~ `v vdc rcgmki`h hcuch( wd`v `nnksiv~ ekr ~sndfmeecrcinc~; @ brk`f fmum~mki wkshf bc bcvwcci esif`lciv`h~ fmeecrcinc~ rkkvcf mi ` rcgmki~ nd`r`nvcrm~vmn~ ìf ctvcri`h

cnkiklmc~ vd`v `rc vdcl~chuc~ ` nki~cscinc ke ` rcgmki~ p`vvcri kecnkiklmn fcuchkplciv) Ct`lphc~ ke esif`lciv`h~ wkshf bc ` wchh,cfsn`vcf hkn`h pkpsh`vmki( vdc rc~shv ke ` ~vrkig vr`fmvmki ke gkkf~ndkkhmig1 ` hkn`h nshvsrc ke civrcprcicsr~dmp1 i`vsr`h `fuìv`gc~ kenhml`vc kr rc~ksrnc~1 ìf ~s~v`micf psbhmn pkhmn} fmeecrcinc~( ~snd `~fmeecrcinc~ mi v`t r`vc~ ìf s`hmv} ke mier`~vrsnvsrc) Vdc~c nì nhc`rh}bc ~ksrnc~ ke rcgmki`h `fuìv`gc~ kr fm~`fuìv`gc~) Vdc} nì `h~k ph`}` n`v`h}vmn rkhc mi prklkvmig umrvsks~ nmrnhc~ b`~cf ki ctvcri`h

ÂMHH^ CIVCR_RM^C

MIIKU@VMKI NKL_CVMVMKI

MIUC^VLCIV

Civr} ke icwemrl~ r`m~c~nklpcvmvmki

âmhh~ r`m~c emrl~n`p`nmv} vk

fcuchkp ìf s~cicw vcndikhkg}

Lì`gclciv ~amhh~ r`m~ccivrcprcicsr~dmp ìfbs~mic~~ ctnchhcinc)Icw emrl~ nrc`vcfclìf ekr ~amhhcf

Minrc`~mignklpcvmvmkicinksr`gc~nklpcvmvmki

Minrc`~mignklpcvmvmki nrc`vc~

mincivmuc~ ekrbs~mic~~ miuc~vlciv

Miuc~vlciv mipd}~mn`h n`pmv`hminrc`~c~ emrl~

miiku`vmuc n`p`nmv}


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cnkiklmc~) Ctvcri`h cnkiklmc~ `rc vdc ~pmhhkucr~ vd`v rc~shv erklrcgmki`h nkincivr`vmki~ ke mifs~vr}( ìf vdcrcekrc ctph`mi vdc~ikwb`hh ceecnv ke ` umrvsks~ nmrnhc ke grkwvd( Emr~v m~ vdc `bmhmv} ke `h`rgc hkn`h nkincivr`vmki vk ~sppkrv ~pcnm`hmzcf ~spphmcr~ kemivcrlcfm`vc mipsv~( bkvd gkkf~ ìf ~crumnc~) ^cnkif m~ vdc prc~cinc

ke ` vdmna h`bkr l`racv mi ~pcnm`hmzcf ~amhh~( wmvd ~amhhcf wkracr~bcicemvmig erkl vdc jkb ~cnsrmv} prkumfcf b} ` u`rmcv} ke pkvcivm`hclphk}cr~ ìf clphk}cr~ bcicemvmig erkl vdc ehctmbmhmv} ke ` fccp pkkhke pkvcivm`h clphk}cc~) Vdmrf `rc psrc aikwhcfgc ~pmhhkucr~ rc~shvmigerkl pcr~ki`h nkiv`nv `lkig pckphc wkramig ki nhk~ch} rch`vcfprkjcnv~) Vk vdc~c wc lmgdv `ff ` eksrvd( wdmnd m~ mi vdc ~`lcvr`fmvmki) @hvdksgd mv m~ d`rf vk jsfgc mv~ mlpkrvìnc( ìcnfkv`hcumfcinc ~sggc~v~ vd`v ucivsrc n`pmv`h d`~ bcnklc ì mlpkrvìvfcvcrlmiìv ke rcgmki`h mifs~vrm`h ~snnc~~ $Arsglì( 2??>) pp) 2>,26-)

3)0? @nnkrfmig vk vdm~ hmic ke rc`~kimig( vdci( ` rcgmki~ esif`lciv`h~ `rc

c~~civm`hh} hkn`hh},~pcnmemn ìf clbcffcf ikivr`f`bhc `~~cv~ kr cifkwlciv~ vd`v`rc mllkbmhc bcvwcci rcgmki~( wd`v N`l`gim $2??2- d`~ vcrlcf rcgmki`h`b~khsvc `fuìv`gc~) Vdc~c esif`lciv`h~ nkifmvmki ` rcgmki~ sifcrh}migcnkiklmn ìf ~knm`h ciumrkilciv( ìf vds~ miehscinc vdc i`vsrc ke mv~ cnkiklmnfcuchkplciv) @ rcgmki~ ctvcri`h cnkiklmc~ `rc vdk~c rcgmki,~pcnmemnnd`r`nvcrm~vmn~ vd`v fcrmuc erkl ìf `rc `~~knm`vcf wmvd mv~ p`rvmnsh`r p`vvcri kecnkiklmn `nvmumv} ìf ~pcnm`hm~`vmki) Vdmiamig mi vdc~c vcrl~ fkc~ `v hc`~v `~~mgiì ctphmnmv rkhc vk vdc rcgmki mv~che mi rch`vmki vk vdc ~ksrnc~ ke nklpcvmvmucic~~:vd`v m~( ` rcgmki~ nklpcvmvmucic~~ m~ ikv ~mlph} vdc ~sl kr ùcr`gc ke vdcp`rvmnsh`r emrl~ vd`v d`ppci vk bc hkn`vcf vdcrc( bsv d`~ vk fk wmvd wdcvdcr( ìfmi wd`v ~ci~c( vdcrc `rc mifmgciks~( rcgmki,~pcnmemn nd`r`nvcrm~vmn~ kr prknc~~c~

vd`v vcif vk miehscinc vdc prkfsnvmumv} ke ` rcgmki~ emrl~) Vdc CsrkpcìNkllm~~mki $0===- psv~ mv vdm~ w`}:

QVdc mfc` ke rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~\ ~dkshf n`pvsrc vdc ikvmki vd`v(fc~pmvc vdc e`nv vd`v vdcrc `rc ~vrkigh} nklpcvmvmuc ìf sinklpcvmvmucemrl~ mi cucr} rcgmki( vdcrc `rc nkllki ec`vsrc~ wmvdmi ` rcgmkiwdmnd èecnv vdc nklpcvmvmucic~~ ke `hh emrl~ hkn`vcf vdcrc $p) 3-

Vdmiamig mi vdc~c vcrl~ wkshf `h~k ~ccl vk ~sggc~v ` pk~~mbhc fmum~mki ke clpd`~m~ìf ekns~ ke pkhmnmc~ mivcifcf vk r`m~c ` rcgmki~ rch`vmuc nklpcvmvmucic~~( ekrct`lphc mivk vdk~c pkhmnmc~ `mlcf `v mlprkumig ìf spgr`fmig ` rcgmki~

esif`lciv`h~ $~snd `~ mv~ cfsn`vmki`h b`~c( mv~ civrcprcicsrm`h nshvsrc( kr mv~ psbhmnmier`~vrsnvsrc-( ìf vdk~c `mlcf `v l`tmlm~mig ìf cidìnmig vdc pk~mvmucctvcri`hmvmc~ `~~knm`vcf wmvd vdc rcgmki~ ctm~vmig cnkiklmn b`~c ìf wmvd ì} icw`nvmumvmc~ ìf ~pcnm`hm~l~ vd`v `rc clcrgmig $~snd `~ dchpmig vk prklkvc miiku`vmkiìf vcndikhkg} vrì~ecr( kr prkumfmig ~amhh~ vr`mimig( kr l`racvmig ~sppkrv-)


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3)00 Arsglì~ `pprk`nd vds~ umcw~ ` rcgmki~ esif`lciv`h~ ìf mv~ ctvcri`hcnkiklmc~ `~ mipsv~ vk rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~( ìf rcgmki`h prkfsnvmumv} `~ vdcl`mi ksvpsv) Bsv m~ vdm~ fmum~mki `~ nhc`r,nsv `~ mv ~ccl~; @h~k vdc ucr} vcrlrcgmki`h esif`lciv`h~ wkshf ~ccl vk mlph} vd`v vdc~c `rc ~klcdkw prmkr vk(

ìf mifcpcifciv ke( rcgmki`h ctvcri`h cnkiklmc~) @if dkw fkc~ vdc mfc` kefrmucr~ emv mivk vdm~ nkincpvmki;

5) Rcgmki`h Nklpcvmvmucic~~ `~ ` ^che,Rcmiekrnmig _rknc~~: Vdc

Mivcrfcpcifcinc ke Mipsv~ ìf Ksvpsv~

5)0 Vdcrc m~ ncrv`mih} ` u`hsc vk Arsglì~ `rgslciv `bksv mfcivme}mig rcgmki hesif`lciv`h~ ìf ctvcri`h cnkiklmc~ `~ prml`r} ~ksrnc~ kr mipsv~ ke rcgmki`hnklpcvmvmuc `fuìv`gc) @if ` rcgmki~ nklp`r`vmuc prkfsnvmumv} $grkwvd- m~ncrv`mih} ` ac} `ggrcg`vc lc`~src ke rcuc`hcf nklpcvmvmucic~~) Bsv nhk~cr

mi~pcnvmki ~sggc~v~ vd`v fm~vmigsm~dmig bcvwcci mipsv~ ìf ksvpsv~ m~ ikv wmvdksvnkies~mki) M~ ` rcgmki dmgdh} prkfsnvmuc $dmgd ksvpsv pcr dc`f ìf pcr clphk}cc-bcn`s~c mv m~ nklpcvmvmuc; Kr m~ mv nklpcvmvmuc bcn`s~c mv m~ prkfsnvmuc; Mi rc`hmv}(rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~ m~ prkb`bh} bc~v ~cci `~ ì cukhumig nklphct ~che,rcmiekrnmig prknc~~( mi wdmnd ksvpsv~ vdcl~chuc~ bcnklc mipsv~( ìf vds~ miehscincesvsrc ksvpsv~) Vdm~ kpci~ sp rkkl ekr eccfb`na ìf nslsh`vmuc n`s~`vmki(wdcvdcr ke ` pk~mvmuc kr icg`vmuc ekrl)

5)2 Emgsrc 4 vrmc~ vk n`pvsrc vdm~ lkrc rc`hm~vmn pmnvsrc) @v ì} gmuci pkmiv mivmlc( ` rcgmki wmhh dùc ` p`rvmnsh`r nkiemgsr`vmki ke esif`lciv`h~( ìf ~pcnmemn ~cv~ke ctvcri`h cnkiklmc~( bkvd midcrmvcf erkl vdc rcgmki~ p`~v) Vdc cukhsvmki ke

esif`lciv`h~ ìf ctvcri`h cnkiklmc~ `rc ikv mifcpcifciv prknc~~c~( dkwcucr)Esif`lciv`h~ ìf ctvcri`h cnkiklmc~ mivcr`nv( ìf vdm~ mivcr`nvmki wmhh u`r} erklkic p`rv ke ` rcgmki vk ìkvdcr( `~ fmeecrciv hkn`hmvmc~ dùc fcuchkpcf `hkigfmeecrciv mifs~vrm`h ~pcnm`hm~l~ ìf vr`jcnvkrmc~) Ekr ct`lphc( ` p`rvmnsh`r v}pc kehkn`h mifs~vrm`h fcuchkplciv m~ hmach} vk dùc cigcifcrcf ` p`rvmnsh`r ekrl kecivrcprcicsrm`h nshvsrc( wkra vr`fmvmki~ ìf kvdcr mi~vmvsvmki`h ekrl~) Vdc~c miceecnv bcnklc p`rv ke vd`v hkn`hmv}~ esif`lciv`h~) @v vdc ~`lc vmlc( vdc hkn`hmv}~mifs~vrm`h ~pcnm`hm~l wmhh dùc ~p`wicf ` ~pcnmemn ~cv ke hkn`h ctvcri`h cnkiklmc~$~snd `~ hkn`h h`bksr ~amhh~-) Vdc~c esif`lciv`h~ ìf ctvcri`hmvmc~ wmhh( vk ~klcctvciv( ~d`pc ìf rcmiekrnc kic ìkvdcr) @~ ì ct`lphc( nki~mfcr vdc clcrgcincke ` f}i`lmn dmgd,vcndikhkg} nhs~vcr mi ` p`rvmnsh`r ~sb,rcgmki) Vdm~ l`} krmgmi`hh}

dùc bcci miehscincf b} vdc prc~cinc hkn`hh} ke ` dmgd,s`hmv} ~nmcinc,hcf simucr~mv}(erkl wdmnd vcndikhkg} ~pmi,ksv~( vrì~ecr~ ìf nkllcrnm`hm~`vmki ~vmlsh`vcf ìmifmgciks~ dmgd,vcnd mifs~vr}) Dmgd,vcnd mifs~vrmc~ vcif vk `vvr`nv dmgdh}civcrprm~mig( cfsn`vcf ìf v`hcivcf mifmumfs`h~( hc`fmig vk vdc hkn`h fcuchkplciv ke` fm~vminv civrcprcicsrsrm`h nshvsrc( ìf ` pkkh ke ~pcnm`hm~cf wkracr~) Mi vsri( vdcgrkwvd ke vdc dmgd,vcnd nhs~vcr l`} ~vmlsh`vc esrvdcr vdc fcuchkplciv ke ~nmcincrc~c`rnd mi vdc simucr~mv} ìf vdc nrc`vmki ke ~pcnmemn simucr~mv},mifs~vr} hmia~(


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icvwkra~ ìf mi~vmvsvmki~ vk e`nmhmv`vc vdc ehkw ke mfc`~ erkl vdc simucr~mv} mivk vdchkn`h dmgd,vcnd ~cnvkr) Vdc ksvnklc m~ ` dmgd r`vc ke hkn`h miiku`vmki( ` dmgd r`vc keicw emrl ekrl`vmki( ` dmgdh} ~amhhcf h`bksr l`racv( ìf vdc clcrgcinc ke ` hkn`hucivsrc n`pmv`h l`racv) @hh vdm~ m~ hmach} vk r`m~c prkfsnvmumv} grkwvd( w`gc~ ìf

wc`hvd nrc`vmki)

Emgsrc 4: Rcgmki`h Nklpcvmvmucic~~ `~ ` ^che,Rcmiekrnmig _rknc~~

@ dmgdh} cfsn`vcf( wc`hvd} wkraekrnc wmhh fclìf dmgd s`hmv} dks~mig( gkkf~ndkkh~( ` lkfcri mier`~vrsnvsrc ìf gkkf nshvsr`h `lcimvmc~) Mi vdm~ w`}(ksvnklc~ eccf b`na vk miehscinc frmucr~( esif`lciv`h~ ìf ctvcri`hmvmc~: `hh nk,cukhuc( mi vdm~ mi~vìnc mi ` umrvsks~ nmrnhc)

Rcgmki`h Esif`lciv`h~ Cfsn`vmki Civrcprcicsrm`h nshvsrc _sbhmn mier`~vrsnvsrc ìf ~crumnc~ Mi~vmvsvmki`h lmt ìf krmciv`vmki _khmn} rcgmlc Nshvsr`h `lcimvmc~

Rcgmki`h Ctvcri`h

Cnkiklmc~ _kkh~ ke ~pcnm`hm~cf h`bksr Icvwkra~ ke ~pcnm`hm~cf

~spphmcr~ ìf ~crumnc~ Aikwhcfgc ~pmhhkucr~ ìf

vcndikhkg} vrì~ecr~ ^pcnm`hm~cf mi~vmvsvmki~ Fcfmn`vcf emiìnm`h l`racv~

Frmucr~ ke Rcgmki`h Nklpcvmvmucic~~ Miiku`vmki Miuc~vlciv âmhh~ Civcrprm~c Nkiicnvmumv} Cnkiklmn fmucr~mv}+~pcnm`hm~`vmki Ps`hmv} ke hmec ^vr`vcgmn pkhmn}

Rcuc`hcf Rcgmki`hNklpcvmvmucic~~

_rkfsnvmumv} Clphk}lciv W`gc~ GF_ pcr dc`f

KSV_S

MI_SV^


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5)> Ke nksr~c( vdc wdkhc prknc~~ nì kpcr`vc mi vdc kppk~mvc fmrcnvmki) Vdcrcm~ ì midcrciv vcifcin} `rm~mig erkl vdc nk,cukhsvmki ke esif`lciv`h~ ìf ctvcri`hcnkiklmc~ ekr ` rcgmki~ kr ~sb,rcgmki~ cnkikl} ìf mi~vmvsvmki~ vk ctdmbmv ~vrkig

p`vd fcpcifcinc1 vd`v m~( ekr p`rvmnsh`r nkiemgsr`vmki~ ke mifs~vr}( ~amhh~ ìf cucivcndikhkgmc~( vk bcnklc hknacf mi) Ik rcgmki m~ mllsic erkl vdm~ vcifcin}) Vdcucr} prknc~~ ke rcgmki`h cnkiklmn fcuchkplciv( c~pcnm`hh} wdci b`~cf kinki~vchh`vmki~ ke p`rvmnsh`r cnkiklmn ìf vcndikhkgmn`h ~pcnm`hm~l~( nkiv`mi~ wmvdmimv~che vdc pkvcivm`h ekr hkna,mi ìf rmgmfmv} $ekr ct`lphc ke prkfsnv~( prkfsnvmkilcvdkf~( ~amhh~( mi~vmvsvmki~-) Kic l`jkr ~ksrnc ke hkna,mi ìf rmgmfmv} m~ wd`v nìbc vcrlcf vdc mivcr,rch`vcfic~~ ke hkn`h cnkiklmn fcuchkplciv) Vdc lkrc vd`vhkn`h emrl~ `rc mivcrhmiacf vdrksgd ~sb,nkivr`nvmig icvwkra~( fci~c ~spphmcrrch`vmki~dmp~( aikwhcfgc ~pmhhkucr~( nkllki h`bksr pkkh~( ìf cuci vdc ~dccrnkllmvlciv vk ~sia n`pmv`h( vdc lkrc fmeemnshv mv m~ ekr mifmumfs`h emrl~ vk brcà erccerkl ctm~vmig l`racv~( prkfsnv~ ìf vcndikhkgmc~ ìf ekrgc icw p`vd~ kenklpcvmvmuc fcuchkplciv) @if me ì `rc`~ esif`lciv`h~ `rc `h~k nhk~ch} vmcf mi vkmv~ cnkiklmn ~vrsnvsrc( vdm~ vkk l`} nkivrmbsvc `ffmvmki`h ~ksrnc~ ke mivcr,rch`vcfic~~ ìf rmgmfmv})

5)6 Vdc fm~`fuìv`gc ke hkna,mi( vdc pkvcivm`h wcàic~~ ke ~vrkig vmc~( nìbcnklc `hh vkk cumfciv me vdc nklpcvmvmuc ciumrkilciv vd`v ` hkn`hmv}~ emrl~ e`ncndìgc~ ~sb~vìvm`hh}) Vdci wd`v wcrc prcumks~h} pk~mvmuc ctvcri`h cnkiklmc~ nì`hh vkk c`~mh} bcnklc icg`vmuc ctvcri`hmvmc~( vdc mifs~vr} ìf hkn`hmv} hk~cnklpcvmvmuc `fuìv`gc( ìf rch`vmuc kr cuci `b~khsvc hkn`h fcnhmic nì ~cv mi) Vdm~rcfsnc~ miiku`vmki ìf civcrprm~c( ~k vd`v vdc frmucr~ ke hkn`h nklpcvmvmucic~~ hk~cvdcmr lklcivsl) Hkn`h civrcprcicsr~dmp l`} wmvdcr ìf mier`~vrsnvsrc l`}bcnklc kb~khcvc kr rsi fkwi) ^hkw kr ~v`giìv prkfsnvmumv} grkwvd eccf~ mivk~hkw w`gc grkwvd ìf h`ggmig wc`hvd( ìf civcrprm~mig ìf ~amhhcf h`bksr hcùc~( `hhke wdmnd mi vsri rcmiekrnc vdc ~hkwfkwi mi vdc cnkikl} `~ ` wdkhc( ìf me~s~v`micf nì cuci hc`f vk ` rch`vmuc fcnhmic mi cfsn`vmki`h ~vìf`rf~( psbhmn~crumnc~( ~knm`h `lcimvmc~ ìf kvdcr rcgmki`h esif`lciv`h~) Vdcrc `rc lì}ct`lphc~ ke hkn`h cnkiklmc~ vd`v dùc hk~v nklpcvmvmucic~~ vdrksgd vdm~ prknc~~(~snd `~ vdc ekkvwc`r mifs~vr} mi vdc C`~v Lmfhìf~( vdc pkvvcr},ncr`lmn mifs~vr} mivdc Wc~v Lmfhìf~( nhkvdmig ìf vctvmhc~ mi vdc Ikrvd Wc~v( ìf ~k ki) Cuci hkn`hdmgd,vcnd nhs~vcr~ `rc pkvcivm`hh} prkic vk vdc prkbhcl) Vdc kih} pk~~mbhcfmeecrcinc m~ vd`v b} vdcmr ucr} i`vsrc vdc} `rc b`~cf ki aikwhcfgc( hc`rimig ìfmiiku`vmki lsnd lkrc vdì ki n`pmv`h,mivci~muc prkfsnvmki( d`rf prkfsnv~ ìf~vrkig hkn`h ~spphmcr icvwkra~( ~k vd`v mi vdckr} `v hc`~v vdc} ~dkshf bc hc~~~s~ncpvmbhc vk hkna,mi ìf lkrc `bhc vk `f`pv vk ndìgmig l`racv~ ìf nklpcvmvmki)Bsv( shvml`vch}( wd`v m~ nrsnm`h ekr vdc nklpcvmvmuc `fuìv`gc ìf pcrekrlìnc keì} rcgmki( rcg`rfhc~~ ke mv~ cnkiklmn ~vrsnvsrc ìf lmt( m~ vdc `f`pvmuc n`p`bmhmv}kemv~ emrl~( wkracr~ ìf mi~vmvsvmki~)


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7) Rcgmki`h Nklpcvmvmucic~~ `~ @f`pvmuc N`p`bmhmv}

7 )0 Rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~ m~ icnc~~`rmh} ì cukhsvmki`r} prknc~~) Mv m~cukhsvmki`r} ekr ~cucr`h rc`~ki~) Emr~v( bcn`s~c mv fcpcif~ ki vdc nki~vìv

gcicr`vmki ke u`rm`vmki ìf ndìgc `lkig~v vdc emrl~ ìf mifs~vrmc~ làmig sp vdcrcgmki`h cnkikl}) Vdm~ nkucr~ vdc civmrc emchf ke miiku`vmki( r`fmn`h kr minrclciv`h(n`rrmcf ksv b} ctm~vmig rcgmki`h emrl~ kr `~~knm`vcf wmvd vdc nrc`vmki ke icw emrl~(vkgcvdcr wmvd vdc prknc~~c~ fcvcrlmimig r`vc~ ke icw emrl civr} ìf khf emrl ctmv)Mi vdm~ vdc chmlmi`vmki ke khf emrl~( vcndikhkgmc~ ìf ~amhh~ m~ ` ~mgimemnìv `~ vdcnrc`vmki ke icw kic~)

7)2 ^cnkif( bcn`s~c rcgmki`h cnkiklmn fcuchkplciv m~ midcrcivh} ` p`vd,fcpcifciv prknc~~( mi wdmnd vdc ctm~vmig cnkiklmn ~vrsnvsrc( vcndikhkgmc~( ~amhh b`~c(ìf mi~vmvsvmki`h `rrìgclciv~ mi vdc rcgmki bkvd nki~vr`mi ìf gsmfc vdc rìgc kepk~~mbhc p`vvcri~ ke vdc rcgmki~ esvsrc cnkiklmn fcuchkplciv ìf vdc b`~c~ ke mv~esvsrc nklpcvmvmuc `fuìv`gc) Vdm~ `pphmc~ vk mifmumfs`h emrl~( wdkhc ~cnvkr~( ìf vkrcgmki`h esif`lciv`h~ ìf ctvcri`h cnkiklmc~)

7 ) > ]cv( bcn`s~c( vdmrf( `v vdc ~`lc vmlc ` rcgmki~ cnkiklmn esvsrcfcuchkplciv p`vd m~ ikv lcndìmn`hh} fcvcrlmicf b} mv~ prcumks~ p`vd) Nki~vìvh}ndìgmig l`racv ìf nklpcvmvmuc nkifmvmki~( nklbmicf wmvd prknc~~c~ kemiiku`vmki( `h~k nrc`vc icw wmifkw~ ke kppkrvsimv} ìf dcinc pkvcivm`h icwp`vdw`}~ ke rcgmki`h cnkiklmn cukhsvmki( `~ icw emrl~( icw vcndikhkgmc~( prkfsnv~(ìf ~amhh~ clcrgc) Islcrks~ ct`lphc~ ctm~v ke rcgmki~ vd`v dùc lì`gcf vkrcucr~c rch`vmuc cnkiklmn fcnhmic ìf e`hhmig nklpcvmvmucic~~ b} rcnkiemgsrmig vdcmrcnkiklmc~ `rksif ~snd icw wmifkw~ ke kppkrvsimv})

7)6 ^snd rcnkiemgsr`vmki miukhuc~ ` l`jkr ~dmev ke rc~ksrnc~ bcvwcci ~cnvkr~(vcndikhkgmc~ ìf ~amhh~( ìf m~ shvml`vch} l`racv,hcf) Bsv v}pmn`hh} mv `h~k rcsmrc~ndìgc mi rcgmki`h mi~vmvsvmki`h ekrl~ ìf bcdùmksr`h ikrl~( ~minc vdc~c ~d`pcmiiku`vmki ìf vdc w`} vd`v l`racv~ vrì~lmv ndìgc) _khmn} nì pkvcivm`hh} ph`} àc} rkhc dcrc) Wd`v l`vvcr~( vdci( ekr f}i`lmn rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmuc `fuìv`gc m~vdc f}i`lmn `f`pvmuc n`p`bmhmv} ke ` rcgmki)

7)3 B} f}i`lmn rcgmki`h `f`pvmuc n`p`bmhmv} m~ lcìv vdc n`p`nmv} ke ` rcgmki~emrl~( mifs~vrmc~( ìf mi~vmvsvmki~ vk ~ci~c kppkrvsimvmc~ $l`racv( vcndikhkgmn`h(krgìmz`vmki`h-( vk isrvsrc( `f`pv ìf rcgcicr`vc vdcmr aikwhcfgc `~~cv~ ìfnklpcvcinc~( ìf vk fcuchkp ìf cidìnc vdc krgìmz`vmki`h n`p`bmhmvmc~ vd`v

vrì~h`vc vd`v aikwhcfgc mivk ceecnvmuc `nvmki~) Vdm~ gcicr`h ikvmki `pphmc~ vkmifmumfs`h emrl~( vk wdkhc mifs~vrm`h ~cnvkr~( vk ~knm`h ìf psbhmn mi~vmvsvmki~( ìf vkpkhmn},làmig bkfmc~ `hmac) Mv rcehcnv~ vdc n`p`nmv} ke emrl~ vk ctpcrmlciv wmvd ìf~dmev vk icw prkfsnv,~pcnmemn n`p`bmhmvmc~1 ekr mifs~vrm`h ~cnvkr~ mv d`~ vk fk wmvd vdc~snnc~~ wmvd wdmnd vdc emrl~ mi vd`v ~cnvkr `rc `bhc vk lkuc mivk icw kr spgr`fcctm~vmig l`racv~1 mv d`~ vk fk wmvd vdc n`p`nmv} ke hkn`h civrcprcicsr~ vk mfcivme}ìf ucivsrc mivk icw prkfsnv~ ìf vcndikhkgmc~1 ìf mv d`~ vk fk wmvd vdc n`p`nmv}


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ke mi~vmvsvmki~ ke `hh amif~ vk bc rcncpvmuc vk ndìgc ìf icw kppkrvsimvmc~) Mi ~dkrv(vdc grc`vcr vdc f}i`lmn `f`pvmuc n`p`bmhmv} ke ` rcgmki~ cnkikl} ìf ~knmk,mi~vmvsvmki`h b`~c( vdc lkrc hmach} mv m~ vk l`miv`mi kr cidìnc mv~ nklpcvmvmucic~~) @dmgd,ehct rcgmki`h cnkikl} m~ kic vd`v m~ `f`pvmuc) Vdc vcrl~ `f`pvmuc ìf dmgd,

ehct `rc vk bc prcecrrcf vk rc~mhmciv( ` pdr`~c ~klcvmlc~ s~cf vk fc~nrmbc vdc`bmhmv} ke ` rcgmki vk l`miv`mi mv~ nklpcvmvmucic~~ kucr vmlc mi vdc e`nc ke ndìgmigl`racv ìf vcndikhkgmn`h nkifmvmki~) Rc~mhmcinc rcecr~ vk vdc `bmhmv} vk rcnkucrekrl ìf pk~mvmki ch`~vmn`hh} ekhhkwmig ` ~dkna vk vdc ~}~vcl( ìf fkc~ ikvicnc~~`rmh} rcecr vk ~vrsnvsr`h kr krgìmz`vmki ndìgc) Vdc `f`pvmuc n`p`bmhmv} ke `rcgmki`h cnkikl} ctphmnmvh} civ`mh~ ~snd ndìgc ìf cukhsvmki)

7)5 F}i`lmn n`p`bmhmv} mlphmc~ vdc kpcr`vmki ke ` hc`rimig ~pmr`h) C~~civm`h vk `rcgmki~ `f`pvmuc n`p`bmhmvmc~ m~ mv~ prkpci~mv} vk nrc`vc( `nsmrc( ìf `b~krbaikwhcfgc) ^klc rcgmki~ ~ccl bcvvcr `v vdm~ prknc~~ vdì kvdcr~) Cnkiklmngckgr`pdcr~ dùc cuci mfcivmemcf vdc nkincpv ke vdc hc`rimig rcgmki $Lkrgì(0==7-( ìf dùc clpd`~m~cf vdc ac} rkhc vd`v hkn`h aikwhcfgc nrc`vmki( v`nmvaikwhcfgc( ìf nkhhcnvmuc hc`rimig ph`} mi prklkvmig hkn`h miiku`vmki ìf cnkiklmngrkwvd) Nki~mfcr`bhc ceekrv m~ bcmig fcukvcf vk l`ppmig ìf sifcr~vìfmig rcgmki`hìf ~sb,rcgmki`h fmeecrcinc~ mi aikwhcfgc nrc`vmki ìf `b~krpvmki( minhsfmig vdcrcgmki`h fm~vrmbsvmki ke aikwhcfgc wkracr~( aikwhcfgc,mivci~muc mifs~vrmc~( R%F`nvmumv}( ìf miiku`vmki mi icw prknc~~c~ ìf prkfsnv~) Vdcrc m~ ikw nkiuminmigclpmrmn`h cumfcinc vk mifmn`vc vd`v bkvd miiku`vmki ìf aikwhcfgc ~pmhhkucr~ vcifvk bc fm~vminvh} hkn`hmzcf prknc~~c~( ìf vàc vmlc vk fmees~c lkrc wmfch}( ~k vd`v `rcgmki~ grkwvd ìf prkfsnvmumv} `rc cidìncf me mv~ emrl~ nì c~v`bhm~d ` emr~v,lkucr `fuìv`gc mi vdc fcuchkplciv kr `pphmn`vmki ke icw vcndikhkgmc~ ìfvcndimsc~) @if rcn`hh vd`v hkn`hmzcf aikwhcfgc ~pmhhkucr~ `rc kic ke vdc l`mircgmki`h ctvcri`h cnkiklmc~ clpd`~mzcf b} Arsglì( _krvcr ìf kvdcr~) Hmacwm~c` rcgmki~ `bmhmv} vk `vvr`nv cfsn`vcf ìf dmgdh} s`hmemcf wkracr~ erkl ch~cwdcrcwmhh `ff vk mv~ aikwhcfgc b`~c( `~ wmhh dmgd s`hmv} rcgmki`h cfsn`vmki mi~vmvsvmki~(erkl ~ndkkh~ vk simucr~mvmc~ $`hh p`rv ke vdc rcgmki~ esif`lciv`h~-)

7 ) 7 Rcgmki`h f}i`lmn `f`pvmuc n`p`bmhmv} m~ shvml`vch} `bksv miiku`vmki)Miiku`vmki ci`bhc~ ctm~vmig emrl~ mi ` rcgmki vk minrc`~c prkfsnvmumv}( ~wmvnd mivkicw l`racv~( ìf `fjs~v vk ndìgmig l`racv prc~~src~ ìf kppkrvsimvmc~) Mv `h~kvcif~ vk bc `~~knm`vcf wmvd dmgd r`vc~ ke civrcprcicsr~dmp ìf icw emrl ekrl`vmki(ìf dcinc wmvd vdc clcrgcinc ke icw v}pc~ ke cnkiklmn `nvmumv} ìf clphk}lciv)Mi lk~v `fuìncf cnkiklmc~( rcgmki`h cnkiklmn grkwvd r`vc~ vcif vk bc nhk~ch}nkrrch`vcf wmvd rcgmki`h r`vc~ ke miiku`vmki: vdc dmgdcr vdc r`vc ke miiku`vmki( `~rcprc~civcf ekr ct`lphc b} p`vcivmig kr b} R%F `nvmumv}( vdc dmgdcr vd`v rcgmki~prk~pcrmv}) Vdc ~`lc pmnvsrc dkhf~ ekr vdc SA $~cc Emgsrc =: Hkifki m~ vdcctncpvmki vk vdc rshc( mi dùmig vdc dmgdc~v GF_ pcr dc`f( bsv ` bchkw ùcr`gc vkv`hpcr n`pmv` ctpcifmvsrc ki R%F-)

7)4 Rcgmki`h u`rm`vmki~ mi R%F fcrmuc l`mih} erkl fmeecrcinc~ mi vdc rc~ksrnc~fcukvcf vk vdm~ `nvmumv} b} hkn`h prmu`vc ~cnvkr emrl~ $V`bhc 2-) Bsv l`racf rcgmki`h


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fmeecrcinc~ `h~k ctm~v mi vdc nkivrmbsvmki~ erkl vdc Gkucrilciv ^cnvkr ìf erklDmgdcr Cfsn`vmki Mi~vmvsvmki~) Mi vdc SA vdc~c vkk vcif vk ekhhkw vdc rcgmki`hp`vvcri ke prmu`vc ~cnvkr R%F( wmvd wdmnd vdc} fksbvhc~~ mivcr`nv( ~k vd`v `hh vdrccvcif vk rcmiekrnc kic ìkvdcr `v vdc hkn`h hcuch)

7)= Ke p`rvmnsh`r ~mgimemnìnc( vdci( m~ vdc sc~vmki wd} ~klc rcgmki~ `rc lkrcmiiku`vmuc vdì kvdcr~) Nki~mfcr`bhc `n`fclmn `vvcivmki d`~ bcci fcukvcf vk vdm~m~~sc mi rcnciv }c`r~( bsv vdcrc m~ ~vmhh ik sicsmukn`h ctphì`vmki) Vdcrc `rc vwkr`vdcr kppk~mig umcw~ ki vdc vkpmn) Vdc ~k,n`hhcf L`r~d`hh,@rrkw,Rklcr umcw m~vd`v miiku`vmki m~ ~vmlsh`vcf b} hkn`h cnkiklmn ~pcnm`hm~`vmki( wdcrc mv m~ frmuci b}mivci~c rmu`hr} bcvwcci( ìf aikwhcfgc ~pmhhkucr~ `lkig~v( hkn`h emrl~ mi vdc ~`lcmifs~vr} $kr mi nhk~ch} rch`vcf mifs~vrmc~-) Vdm~ m~ c~~civm`hh} vdc `~~slpvmkiclphk}cf b} _krvcr mi dm~ nhs~vcr lkfch) Mi vdc ~k,n`hhcf J`nkb~ umcw( dkwcucr(miiku`vmki m~ prklkvcf b} hkn`h cnkiklmn fmucr~mv} ìf dcvcrkgcicmv}( ~minc vdm~l`tmlm~c~ bkvd vdc ~nkpc ekr mivcr`nvmki ìf vdc u`rmcv} ke l`racv kppkrvsimvmc~ekr icw mfc`~)

Emgsrc =: Miiku`vmuc Rcgmki~ `rc `h~k _rk~pcrks~ Rcgmki~

7)0? Vdc vrsvd l`} mi e`nv hmc ~klcwdcrc mi vdc lmffhc) Vdc vwk lk~v miiku`vmucrcgmki~ mi vdc SA $mi vcrl~ ke p`vciv `nvmumv} ìf R%F- `rc vdc C`~vcri ìf vdc^ksvd C`~v $Emgsrc =-) Vdc mlprc~~muc miiku`vmki r`vc rcnkrfcf b} vdc C`~vcrircgmki $kic ke vdc dmgdc~v mi Csrkpc- m~ mi e`nv `hlk~v civmrch} fsc vk vdc N`lbrmfgc

?

3?

0??

03?

2??

23?

5? 4? 0?? 02? 06? 05?

GF_ pcr Dc`f $SA


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~sb,rcgmki( wdmnd nkiv`mi~ ` ~pcnm`hm~cf dmgd,vcnd ~cnvkr) Mi `ggrcg`vc vcrl~( vdc^ksvd C`~v rcgmki m~ ucr} fmucr~memcf) Bsv ki nhk~cr mi~pcnvmki( mv nkiv`mi~ ~cucr`hdmgdh} ~pcnm`hmzcf nhs~vcr~ ke miiku`vmuc `nvmumv}( ~snd `~ vdc bmkvcndikhkg} nhs~vcr`rksif Ktekrf( `crk~p`nc nhs~vcr~ vk vdc wc~v ke Hkifki ìf mi ~ksvd D`lp~dmrc(

vdc lkvkr~pkrv nhs~vcr ~vrcvndmig erkl Bsnamigd`l~dmrc ~ksvdw`rf~ mivk ^srrc}( vki`lc bsv ~klc) Mi e`nv vdc ^ksvd C`~v~ cnkikl} m~ pcrd`p~ bcvvcr fc~nrmbcf `~kic ke nhs~vcrcf fmucr~mv}) Bsv }cv esrvdcr( nhs~vcr~ vdcl~chuc~ l`} bc mivcri`hh}lkrc fmucr~memcf vdì vdc} `rc ercscivh} pkrvr`}cf) Vds~ vdc N`lbrmfgc dmgd,vcndnhs~vcr m~ mi e`nv l`fc ke `v hc`~v ~cuci ~sb,nhs~vcr~ $vchcnkl~( nklpsvmig( miajcvprmivcr~( wmrchc~~ nkllsimn`vmki~( ~nmcivmemn mi~vrslciv~( ~kevw`rc( ìfbmk~nmcinc~-( ìf m~ bcnklmig lkrc fmucr~memcf kucr vmlc)

Bs~mic~~^cnvkr

Gkucrilciv^cnvkr

DmgdcrCfsn`vmki

Mi~vmvsvmki~

Ikrvd C`~v 004 6 062Ikrvd Wc~v 0302 55 >22]kra~,Dslbcr 2=4 3? >07C`~v Lmfhìf~ =3? 54 226Wc~v Lmfhìf~ 560 53 2?7C`~vcri 2=0> 277 >55Hkifki 7>7 2>4 =4?^ksvd C`~v >5=> 353 352^ksvd Wc~v 0?22 236 0>4W`hc~

0>5 6= 033^nkvhìf 302 225 30?I) Mrchìf 03? 05 7>

V`bhc 2: Rcgmki`h R%F Ctpcifmvsrc b} L`jkr ^cnvkr $ lmhhmki~-( 2??0

7)00 Dùmig f}i`lmn R%F krmciv`vcf nhs~vcr~ m~ kih} kic `~pcnv ke vdc rkhc vd`vmiiku`vmki ph`}~ mi f}i`lmn rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~) Wd`v `h~k l`vvcr~ m~ vdcnkivmisks~ vcndikhkgmn`h spgr`fmig b} ctm~vmig emrl~ ìf mifs~vrmc~) @ rcgmki~`f`pvmuc n`p`bmhmv} m~ ikv ~mlph} fcemicf b} mv~ `bmhmv} vk ~p`wi icw dmgd,vcnd

mifs~vrmc~ ìf ~pcnm`hm~`vmki~ $ìf ikv cucr} rcgmki nì dùc ` ~snnc~~eshbmkvcndikhkg} mifs~vr}-( bsv `h~k , ìf pcrd`p~ mi ~klc n`~c~( lkrc mlpkrvìvh} b} vdc `bmhmv} ke mv~ ctm~vmig emrl~ ìf mifs~vrmc~ vk `fkpv ìf `b~krb vcndikhkgmn`hmlprkuclciv~ ìf `fuìnc~) @~ lcivmkicf `bkuc( mi vdc SA lì} hkn`h nhs~vcr~ ke~pcnm`hmzcf mifs~vr} dùc e`mhcf kucr vmlc vk fk js~v vd`v( ìf dùc prkgrc~~much} hk~vnklpcvmvmuc `fuìv`gc `~ ` rc~shv)


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7)02 Vk ~sll`rm~c( ` rcgmki~ `f`pvmuc n`p`bmhmv} wkshf ~ccl vk bc ac} vk mv~f}i`lmn nklpcvmvmucic~~) ]cv wc aikw hmvvhc `bksv vdc prknc~~c~ ke rcgmki`hcnkiklmn `f`pv`vmki( kr `bksv wd} ~klc rcgmki~ ~ccl vk bc lkrc `f`pvmuc vdìkvdcr~) Vdm~ m~ ì `rc` wdcrc cukhsvmki`r} cnkiklmn~ nkshf bc s~ceshh} ctphkrcf(

ikv kih} vk bcvvcr sifcr~vìf rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmuc `fuìv`gc ìf dkw mv ndìgc~vdksgd vmlc( bsv `h~k ekr vdmiamig `bksv pkhmn} mivcrucivmki~) @i cukhsvmki`r}pcr~pcnvmuc ki rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmki ìf nklpcvmvmucic~~ wkshf ph`nc p`rvmnsh`rpkhmn} clpd`~m~ ki ` rcgmki~ prkpci~mv} vk miiku`vc( bkvd wmvdmi ìf `lkig~v mv~emrl~( ìf wmvdmi ìf `lkig~v mv~ mi~vmvsvmki~)

4) Vr`namig F}i`lmn Rcgmki`h Nklpcvmvmucic~~:Vdc Bcindl`ramig E`f

4)0 Rcgmki`h bcindl`ramig , vdc ~}~vcl`vmn ìf nkivmisks~ nklp`rm~ki ke `rcgmki~ cnkiklmn $ìf pk~~mbh} `h~k ~knmcv`h ìf ciumrkilciv`h- pcrekrlìnc wmvdvd`v ke kvdcr( nklpcvmig rcgmki~( prkumfc~ kic w`} ke `~~c~~mig dkw ~snnc~~eshh} `rcgmki m~ `f`pvmig ìf `fjs~vmig vk ` ndìgmig ~cv ke l`racv( vcndikhkgmn`h ìfnklpcvmvmuc nkifmvmki~) @~ lcivmkicf c`rhmcr( islcrks~ rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~mifmnc~( ~nkrc n`rf~ ìf hc`gsc v`bhc~ dùc bcci fcum~cf vd`v ~cca vk prkumfc `b`~m~ ekr bcindl`ramig) Bcn`s~c vdc} vcif vk nklbmic ~cucr`h nklpcvmvmucic~~mifmn`vkr~ mivk ` ~mighc nklpk~mvc lc`~src( ~snd ctcrnm~c~ `rc ikv `hw`}~ c`~} vkmivcrprcv) Mv m~ `h~k umv`h vd`v ~snd rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~ mifctc~( ~nkrc n`rf~ìf hc`gsc v`bhc~ `rc nkifsnvcf `v rcgsh`r mivcru`h~ me vdc} `rc prkumfc ì} mi~mgdv~mivk ` rcgmki~ `f`pvmuc n`p`bmhmvmc~ ìf f}i`lmn nklpcvmvmucic~~)

4)2 Rcgmki`h bcindl`ramig `mlcf `v mlprkumig ` rcgmki~ cnkiklmn grkwvd ìfpcrekrlìnc miukhuc~ `v hc`~v vdrcc mivcr,rch`vcf ~cv~ ke m~~sc~:

$`- Vdc ~chcnvmki ke nklpcvmig rcgmki~ $vdc ~cv ke bcindl`ra kr nklp`r`vkrrcgmki~-

$b- Vdc ndkmnc ke vdc rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~ ìf pcrekrlìnc mifmn`vkr~ s~cf `~vdc b`~m~ ke bcindl`ramig

$n- Dkw vdc rc~shv~ ke rcgmki`h bcindl`ramig `rc vrì~h`vcf mivk pkhmn} `nvmki

4)> Vdc emr~v prkbhcl nkincri~ vdc ndkmnc ke vdc ~cv ke bcindl`ramig rcgmki~`g`mi~v wdmnd ` gmuci rcgmki ~dkshf bc nklp`rcf) Wd`v( ekr ct`lphc( `rc vdc lk~vlcìmigesh rcgmki~ ekr bcindl`ramig vdc C`~v Lmfhìf~ cnkikl}; Vdc ~mlphc~vì~wcr m~ vdc ~cv ke kvdcr SA rcgmki~: èvcr `hh( vdc C`~v Lmfhìf~ nklpcvc~ wmvdkvdcr SA rcgmki~ ekr h`bksr( n`pmv`h( ìf psbhmn ~pcifmig( ìf hmac vdc kvdcr rcgmki~(m~ p`rv ke ` nkllki( simemcf lkicv`r} ìf rcgsh`vkr} cnkiklmn ~p`nc) Ki vdckvdcr dìf( fkc~ mv làc ~ci~c vk nklp`rc vdc C`~v Lmfhìf~ wmvd( ~`}( Hkifki;


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4)6 Kr ~dkshf mv bc civmrc ~cv ke CS rcgmki~; Gmuci vd`v lsnd ke vdc ctvcri`hvr`fc ke SA rcgmki~( minhsfmig vdc C`~v Lmfhìf~( m~ wmvd vdc CS( ìf vd`v vdc h`vvcrd`~ lkucf minrc`~migh} vk ` ~mighc( simemcf l`racv( ` n`~c nì bc l`fc vd`v vdccnkiklmn pcrekrlìnc ke vdc C`~v Lmfhìf~ m~ bc~v nklp`rcf vk vd`v ke `hh kvdcr

CS rcgmki~( r`vdcr vdì js~v vdk~c mi vdc SA) Vdm~ m~ c~~civm`hh} vdc `pprk`nd`fkpvcf b} vdc C`~v Lmfhìf~ Fcuchkplciv @gcin})

4)3 Kr ~dkshf bcindl`ramig bc rc~vrmnvcf ` lkrc rchcuìv ìf ~pcnmemn hc`gscv`bhc ke nklp`r`vkr rcgmki~; Ekr ct`lphc( mi vdcmr bcindl`ramig ke ^wm~~ rcgmki~(B@A B`~hc Cnkiklmn~ $2??>- nklp`rc~ ìf vr`na~ c`nd ^wm~~ rcgmki `g`mi~v `fmeecrciv ìf ~pcnmemn ~sb~cv ke CS bcindl`ra rcgmki~ fcemicf vk bc vdc lk~vrchcuìv ekr vdc rcgmki mi sc~vmki) Vds~( ^wm~~ lcvrkpkhmvì rcgmki~ `rcbcindl`racf `g`mi~v kvdcr CS lcvrkpkhmvì rcgmki~1 ^wm~~ dmgd,vcnd rcgmki~ `g`mi~vCS $ìf S^- dmgd,vcnd rcgmki~1 ^wm~~ rcgmki~ ke ~pcnm`hm~cf vr`fmvmki`h mifs~vr}`g`mi~v vdcmr CS nksivcrp`rv~( ìf ~k ki) Vdm~ `pprk`nd rcsmrc~ nki~mfcr`bhc

fcv`mhcf clpmrmn`h miuc~vmg`vmki mi krfcr vk mfcivme} vdc lk~v lcìmigesh ~cv kebcindl`ramig rcgmki~( bsv m~ js~vmemcf ki vdc grksif~ ke nklp`rmig hmac wmvd hmac)Vdm~ m~ ì mivcrc~vmig `rgslciv( gmuci vd`v rcgmki~ fmeecr nki~mfcr`bh} mi vdcmrcnkiklmn ~vrsnvsrc~ ìf ~pcnm`hm~`vmki~( vdcmr mi~vmvsvmki`h `rrìgclciv~( ìf ~k ki(~k vd`v bcindl`ramig vdc C`~v Lmfhìf~ `g`mi~v( ~`}( Hkifki( kr B`fciWsrvvclbcrg( kr H`zmk( l`} ikv bc vd`v lcìmigesh)

4)5 Ki vdc kvdcr dìf( mv nkshf bc `rgscf vd`v pkhmn}làcr~ wmhh bc mivcrc~vcf minklp`rmig vdcmr rcgmki ikv wmvd kvdcr nhk~ch} ~mlmh`r rcgmki~( bsv wmvd vdc bc~v,pcrekrlmig kr hc`fmig rcgmki~( rcg`rfhc~~ ke ì} fmeecrcinc~ mi cnkiklmn ~vrsnvsrcìf vdc hmac( bcn`s~c vdc} ~cc vdc grkwvd ìf prk~pcrmv} ke vdm~ hc`fmig ~sb~cv `~vdc gk`h vk `ml ekr) Vds~ vdc C`~v Lmfhìf~ lmgdv bc nklp`rcf vk vdc vkp 0? krvkp 2? lk~v prk~pcrks~( kr e`~vc~v grkwmig( rcgmki~ mi vdc CS( vk ~cc me mv m~n`vndmig sp wmvd kr e`hhmig bcdmif vdm~ grksp( Vdm~ `g`mi( m~ ì mivcgr`h p`rv ke vdcbcindl`ramig sifcrvàci b} vdc C`~v ke Lmfhìf~ Fcuchkplciv @gcin} $2??3-)

4)7 ]cv ìkvdcr u`rmìv wkshf bc vk mfcivme} nklp`r`vkr rcgmki~ vd`v prcumks~h}d`f ` ~mlmh`r mifs~vrm`h ~vrsnvsrc kr ~mlmh`r cnkiklmn prkbhcl~ vk vdc rcgmki bcmigbcindl`racf( bsv wdmnd dùc ~minc ~snnc~~eshh} `f`pvcf ìf rcnkiemgsrcf vdcmrcnkiklmc~ `rksif icw `nvmumvmc~( vcndikhkgmc~ ìf ~amhh~( ìf `ndmcucf ` l`racfmlprkuclciv mi vdcmr nklpcvmvmuc pcrekrlìnc `~ ` rc~shv) Mi vdm~ n`~cbcindl`ramig wkshf bc b`~cf ki ` ~cv ke bc~v pr`nvmnc rcgmki~)

4)4 ^vmhh esrvdcr( gmuci vd`v lk~v rcgmki~ nkiv`mi ` rìgc ke mifs~vrmc~ ìf~cnvkr~( mv nkshf bc `rgscf vd`v bcindl`ramig ~dkshf bc nkifsnvcf ki ì mifs~vr},b},mifs~vr} b`~m~( ~k vd`v ekr ct`lphc ` rcgmki~ lkvkr ucdmnhc mifs~vr} wkshf bcbcindl`racf `g`mi~v vd`v ~`lc mifs~vr} ch~cwdcrc( mv~ ekkvwc`r ~cnvkr `g`mi~v vd`v


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Csrkpcì Rcgmki$ISV^0-

Nksivr} GF_+Df2???

$__^-

Rìa 0=43$ksv ke 70

ISV^0Rcgmki~

Rìa 2???$ksv ke 70

ISV^0Rcgmki~

Brs~~ch~ Bchgmsl 6=(0=0 0 0D`lbsrg Gcrlì} 60(?23 2 2Mhc fc Erìnc Erìnc >3(74> > >Hkifki SA >>(22> 6 6Brclci Gcrlì} >2(2=4 7 3hìf Emihìf >0(65> 5 5Hklb`rfm` Mv`h} >?(6?2 4 7Dc~~ci Gcrlì} 2=(26= 0? 4Clmhm` Rkl`gi` Mv`h} 2=(04> = =B`}cri Gcrlì} 24(?22 03 0?Wc~v Icfcrhìf Dkhhìf 27(4=5 06 00

K~v~vcrrcmnd @s~vrm` 27(472 0> 02B`fci,Wsrvvclbcrg Gcrlì} 27(375 05 0>Ikrf C~v Mv`h} 27(233 02 06Ikrf Kuc~v Mv`h} 25(>60 00 03Wc~v~vcrrcmnd @s~vrm` 23(=== 05 05H`zmk Mv`h} 23(302 07 07^ksvd C`~v SA 26(=4= 04 04Nklsimf`f fc L`frmf ^p`mi 26(433 0= 0=Ncivrk Mv`h} 26(3=? 2? 2?Ikrfrdcmi,Wc~ve`hci Gcrlì} 26(335 26 20Uh``l~ Gwc~v Bchgmsl 2>(=70 20 22Zsmf Icfcrhìf Dkhhìf 2>(=37 22 2>C`~vcri SA 2>(6=0 24 26Lìicr,^sklm Emihìf 2>(634 2> 23Ikkrf Icfcrhìf Dkhhìf 22(=52 27 25Ncivrc C~v Mv`h} 22(5?7 23 27Ikrc~vc ^p`mi 22)?0? >? 24^nkvhìf SA 20(=74 2= 2=^``rhìf Gcrlì} 20(444 >2 >?Rdcmihìf _e`hz Gcrlì} 20(430 >4 >0CS,03 @ucr`gc 20(40=

C`~v Lmfhìf~ SA 20(206 >0 >7Wc~v Lmfhìf~ SA 2?(745 25 >4^ksvd Wc~v SA 2?(373 >3 6?]kra~dmrc,Dslbcr SA 0=(=26 62 66Ikrvd Wc~v SA 0=(7?0 >6 63W`hc~ SA 04(206 63 3?Ikrvdcri Mrchìf SA 04(?== 3= 32Ikrvd C`~v SA 07(6== 33 36

V`bhc >: Rìamig~ ke SA Rcgmki`h Cnkiklmc~ mi vdc CS Hc`gsc V`bhc $Iki,SA CSrcgmki~ wmvd GF_ pcr dc`f bchkw CS ùcr`gc ikv ~dkwi-

$^ksrnc ke f`v`: N`lbrmfgc Cnkiklcvrmn~-

mifs~vr} ch~cwdcrc( ìf ~k ki) Mi vdm~ w`} ` gmuci rcgmki wkshf bc bcindl`racf`g`mi~v ~cucr`h fmeecrciv ~cv~ ke rcgmki~( c`nd ~cv fcemicf mi vcrl~ ke ` p`rvmnsh`r


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mifs~vr}) Vdm~ làc~ ~ci~c mi vcrl~ ke lkimvkrmig vdc ndìgmig nklpcvmvmucnkifmvmki~ mi( ~`}( c`nd ke ` rcgmki~ l`mi ctpkrv l`racv~) Vdc fm~`fuìv`gc ke vdm~`pprk`nd `p`rv erkl vdc dcù} f`v` ì`h}~m~ rcsmrclciv~ , m~ vd`v mv fcvr`nv~ erklvdc mivcrfcpcifcinmc~( mivcr,rch`vmki~dmp~ ìf ~pmhhkucr~ vd`v v}pmn`hh} ctm~v bcvwcci

vdc fmeecrciv mifs~vrmc~ mi ` rcgmki)4)= Lk~v ctm~vmig rcgmki`h nklpcvmvmucic~~ bcindl`ra rìamig~ ìf hc`gsc v`bhc~$~snd `~ vd`v prkfsncf b} Rkbcrv Dsggmi~ @~~knm`vc~( b} Hkn`h Esvsrc~ Grksp( ìfb} vdc C`~v Lmfhìf~ Fcuchkplciv @gcin} mi mv~ Vkp 2? Mifct ke Csrkpcì Rcgmki~-vcif vk rìa SA rcgmki~ `g`mi~v vdc wdkhc ~cv ke CS rcgmki~) V`bhc > ~dkw~ ~sndì ctcrnm~c s~mig pcr n`pmv` GF_ $`fjs~vcf ekr i`vmki`h fmeecrcinc~ mi psrnd`~migpkwcr-( wmvd rìamig~ ekr 0=43 ìf 2???) Kih} kic SA rcgmki Hkifki emgsrc~ mivdc CS~ vkp vci rcgmki~ mi vcrl~ ke pcr n`pmv` GF_( ìf kih} vwk Hkifki ìfvdc ^ksvd C`~v mi vdc vkp 2? rcgmki~) Kih} eksr rcgmki~ , Hkifki( vdc ^ksvd C`~v(C`~vcri ìf ^nkvhìf dùc l`miv`micf pcr n`pmv` GF_ hcuch~ `bkuc vdc CS,03ùcr`gc( ìf l`miv`micf vdcmr rch`vmuc nklpcvmvmucic~~) @hh kvdcr SA rcgmki~ dùcpcr n`pmv` GF_ hcuch~ bchkw vdc CS,wmfc ùcr`gc( wmvd vdc C`~v Lmfhìf~ vdc vkp kevdm~ grksp) Lkrc wkrr}mig( dkwcucr( m~ vd`v `hh ke vdc rcgmki~ bchkw vdc CS ùcr`gcmi e`nv ~hmppcf esrvdcr fkwi vdc CS pcr n`pmv` GF_ hc`gsc v`bhc bcvwcci 0=43 ìf2???( mifmn`vmig ` hk~~ ke rch`vmuc nklpcvmvmucic~~ kucr vdc pcrmkf) Vds~( wdcvdcrvdc C`~v Lmfhìf~ m~ bcindl`racf `g`mi~v vdc vkp rcgmki~ mi vdc CS , Brs~~ch~(D`lbsrg( Hkifki( Mhc fc Erìnc , kr `g`mi~v lkrc ~mlmh`r mifs~vrm`h rcgmki~ ~snd `~Hklb`rf}( Clmhm` Rkl`gi`( B`}cri kr B`fci Wsrvvclbcrg( vdc ~`lc p`vvcri ke `hk~~ ke rch`vmuc nklpcvmvmuc pcrekrlìnc m~ cumfciv)

4)0? Wd`v V`bhc > `h~k làc~ nhc`r m~ vd`v vdcrc m~ ` dmgd fcgrcc ke ~v`bmhmv} kr

micrvm` mi vdc rcgmki`h rìamig~: mi gcicr`h vdcrc `rc ik fr`l`vmn lkuclciv~ kercgmki~ sp kr fkwi vdc rìamig~) Vdc vkp 0? rcgmki~ ~dkw d`rfh} ì} ndìgc~ mirìa kucr vdc 03,}c`r mivcru`h) Hmacwm~c( vdcrc `rc ik ~sffci ~dmev~ mi pk~mvmki(cmvdcr sp kr fkwi( ke rcgmki~ ch~cwdcrc mi vdc rìamig~) Vdc b`~mn pkmiv vd`v V`bhc> ~sggc~v~ m~ vdm~: vdc v`~a e`nmig pkhmn}làcr~ mi ~ccamig vk lkuc vdcmr rcgmki~sb~vìvm`hh} sp vdc nklpcvmvmucic~~ rìamig~ m~ ì ctvrclch} nd`hhcigmig kic( ìf m~`hlk~v ncrv`mi vk bc ` hcigvd} sifcrvàmig) Vdc prkbhcl m~ vd`v mv vàc~ vmlc vkrcnkiemgsrc ` rcgmki~ cnkikl} ìf c~pcnm`hh} mv~ esif`lciv`h~ ìf cuci me vdm~ m~bcmig `ndmcucf( vdc rc~v ke vdc wkrhf m~ d`rfh} ~vìfmig ~vmhh) Mi ~dkrv( ` rcgmki~pkhmn},làcr~ e`nc ` nkivmisks~h} lkumig v`rgcv)

4)00 Dkwcucr( nklp`rmig rìamig~ ke rcgmki`h pcr n`pmv` hcuch~ kucr vmlc( wdmh~vncrv`mih} miekrl`vmuc( m~ icucrvdchc~~ rc~vrmnvcf) @~ ~vrc~~cf `bkuc( ~v`bhc kr kih}~hkwh} ndìgmig rìamig~ nì bc nki~m~vciv wmvd ~klcwd`v fmeecrciv sifcrh}miggrkwvd vrcif~: ` ~v`bhc rìamig( ekr ct`lphc l`} bc nki~m~vciv wmvd cmvdcr


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>6

Emgsrc 0?: Bcindl`ramig vdc C`~v Lmfhìf~ Grkwvd _crekrlìnc @g`mi~v chcnvcfCsrkpcì Lcvrkpkhmvì Rcgmki~) Grkwvd mi GF_ pcr n`pmv` $0==3 prmnc~-( 0=4?

0=46

0=43

0=45

0=47

0=44

0=4=

0==?

0==0

0==2

0==>

0==6

0==3

0==5

0==7

0==4

0===

2???

2??0

2??2

2??>

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Hkifki

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thinking about regional competitiveness: critical issues (eng)/ pensando en la competitividad...

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