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QUESTION 1

1. The performance of participants in a within-subjects designsometimes deteriorates because of fatigue or boredom. This problem isknown as

a progressive eect

a carry-over eect

a placebo eect

a matching eect

1 points

QUESTION 2

1. Compared to a cross-sectional study, a longitudinal study

takes less time to complete

has to deal with potential cohort eects

has attrition as its major diculty

has to be concerned about counterbalancing properly

1 points

QUESTION 3

1. !hich of the following is true of block randomi"ation#

it is used in between-subjects designs to accomplish randomassignment

it is used in within-subjects designs as a means of counterbalancing

both alternatives a. and b.none of the above

1 points

QUESTION 4

1. $n a study by %igall and &strove, participants recommended jailsentences for '(arbara )elm.* The study is a good e+ample of

the use of complete counterbalancing

the advantages of matching over random assignment as a means ofcreating euivalent groups

a type of study reuiring a between-subjects design

a type of study reuiring a within-subjects design

1 points

QUESTION 5

1. ive golfers each hit / brand 0 golf balls, while at the same timeand on the same driving range ve other golfers hit / brand ( golf balls.&n average, the brand ( balls go signicantly farther. The dierence ismost likely due to

a warm-up eect

a change in wind direction

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individual dierences

evaluation apprehension

1 points

QUESTION 6

1. $n within-subjects designs,

each subject enters the study naive with respect to the procedures tobe used

large numbers of participants usually need to be recruited

block randomi"ation can be used as a way for forming euivalentgroups

block randomi"ation can be used as a method of counterbalancing

1 points

QUESTION 7

1. 2+perimenter e+pectancies

have been uncovered in studies involving human subjects but not inthose using animals

can be reduced by using a double blind procedure

can be eliminated by recruiting only 'good* subjects

are not a problem for e+perienced e+perimenters

1 points

QUESTION 8

1. (ecause they e+perience 333333333333, participants try to behave in away that makes the e+perimenter think well of them.

evaluation apprehension

demand characteristics

the )awthorne eect

deception in a study

1 points

QUESTION 9

1. Creating euivalent groups is a design problem for

between-subjects designs

within-subjects designs

both alternatives a. and b.

none of the above

1 points

QUESTION 10

1. $n a cross-sectional comparison of intelligence in people aged 4/, 5/,and 6/, dierences might be due to aging but they might also be due to

the dierent rearing conditions e+perienced by participants. This latterinterpretation illustrates a7n8 3333333 eect.

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cohort

placebo

attrition

order

1 points

QUESTION 11

1. 0 between-subjects design

is also known as a repeated-measures design

must deal with the problem of euivalent groups

includes a minimum of two independent variables

must include a subject variable

1 points

QUESTION 12

1. 9ongitudinal design is to cross-sectional design as 333333 is to3333333.

within-subjects: between-subjects

between-subjects: within-subjects

cohort eect: carry-over eect

subject variable: manipulated variable

1 points

QUESTION 131. )ow might e+perimenter bias be communicated to subjects in

animal research#

e+perimenters are more likely to cheat 7animals can;t report fraud8

animals in dierent groups might be handled dierently bye+perimenters

the subjects will e+perience dierent degrees of evaluationapprehension

none of the above < e+perimenter bias only occurs in research withhuman subjects

1 points

QUESTION 14

1. Terman;s studies of gifted children

showed clear evidence of a detrimental cohort eect

was =awed by problems with attrition

used a longitudinal design

used a cross-sectional design

1 points

QUESTION 15

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1. ive golfers each hit / brand 0 golf balls, and then / brand ( golfballs. &n average, the brand ( balls go signicantly farther. !hich of thefollowing is true#

a warm-up eect

a wind changebrand ( is better

any of the above are possible e+planations

1 points

QUESTION 16D

1. !hich of the following is true about the e+periments at the !estern2lectric plant at )awthorne, $llinois#

for a eld study, it was remarkably free from confounding

the workers in the relay assembly test room were so e+cited about

being treated as 'special* that they were highly productive evenunder poor working conditions

worker productivity increased regardless of whether workingconditions were made better or poorer

inappropriate statistical procedures created a false impression of theresults

1 points

QUESTION 17

1. 0 between-subjects design

reuires fewer subjects than a comparable within-subjects designmust deal with the problem of seuence eects

includes at least two dierent groups of participants

tests the same group of participants at each level of the independentvariable

1 points

QUESTION 18A

1. &ver a series of trials, participants e+periencing one seuence ofconditions might have an advantage over participants e+periencing

another seuence. These eects are calledcarry-over eects

transfer eects

e+perimenter bias eects

progressive eects

1 points

QUESTION 19

1. 0voiding a seuence eect is a design problem for

between-subjects designswithin-subjects designs

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none of the above

1 points

QUESTION 20

1. $n a study with three conditions in which participants are tested ineach condition more than once, block randomi"ation could produce eachof the following seuences e+cept

0CC(0(

0(CC(0

C0((C0

(0CC(0

1 points

QUESTION 211. !hat do random assignment and matching have in common#

they are both designed to reduce the number of participants neededfor a study

they both provide eective counterbalancing

they are both designed to create euivalent groups of participants

they are both commonly found in within-subjects designs

1 points

QUESTION 22

1. !hich of the following is notan important factor in determiningwhether to use matching as a techniue for creating euivalent groups#

sample si"e

whether an e+traneous variable is known to correlate with thedependent variable

whether it is possible to measure participants on the potentialmatching variable

whether counterbalancing is reuired

1 points

QUESTION 231. 0ccording to &rne, what characteri"es most participants#

they are suspicious and uninterested in the study in which they areparticipating

they are cooperative and try to help the e+perimenter

they are too afraid for their behavior to be considered normal

they will actively try to give results opposite to the ones wanted bythe e+perimenter

1 points

QUESTION 24

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1. $n a between-subjects design, the dierences between conditionscould be due to all of the following e+cept

some confounding factor

random error

a carry-over eectthe eect of the independent variable

1 points

QUESTION 25

1. !hen using matching to create euivalent groups, a matchingvariable is

any factor that is believed to correlate with the dependent measurebeing used

another name for the independent variable

always a subject variable

never actually measured

Question 1

Creating euivalent groups is a design problem for

Correct 0nswer>

between-subjects designs Question 2

?emand characteristics refer to

Correct0nswer>

aspects of the e+perimental procedure that give away thestudy;s hypotheses

Question 3

0 within-subjects design

Correct 0nswer>

must deal with the problem of order eects

Question 4

?emand characteristics are more likely to be found in

Correct 0nswer>

within-subjects designs rather than between-subjectsdesigns

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Question 5

!hat is accomplished by random assignment#

Correct

0nswer>

possible confounds are spread evenly through thedierent groups

Question 6

0ll of the following could be used to control for subject bias, e+cept

Correct0nswer>

informing participants of the hypothesis instead ofdeceiving them

Question 7

$n a memory study, each subject learns si+ lists of words. 0 researcherdecides to use a 9atin suare to determine the order in which lists willbe shown. !hich of the following is true#

Correct 0nswer>

si+ dierent seuences of list presentation will be used

Question 8

!hen used as a counterbalancing procedure, block randomi"ationinsures

Correct 0nswer>

that each condition is tested before any condition isretested

Question 9

$n the research e+ample that used %tarbucks coee, participants did notknow whether they were drinking regular or caeine. They were latertested for memory by e+perimenters who did not know which group theparticipants were in. !hich of the following is true about this study#

Correct 0nswer>

the design was an e+ample of a double blind procedure

Question 10

0voiding a seuence eect is a design problem for

Correct 0nswer> within-subjects designs

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Question 11

!hen is random assignment preferred over matching as a means of

creating euivalent groups#Correct0nswer>

when a large number of participants are available andcan be used

Question 12

0ll of the following characteri"e between-subjects designs e+cept

Correct 0nswer>

concern over seuence eects

Question 13

0utomating the procedures as much as possible and using a doubleblind will help to reduce

Correct 0nswer>

both subject bias and e+perimenter bias

Question 14

%ometimes a subject;s behavior is aected by the mere knowledge thathe or she is participating in an e+periment. )istorically, this has beentermed

Correct 0nswer>

the )awthorne eect

Question 15

$n 3333333, each subject volunteering for the study has an eual chance

of being placed into group 0 or group (.

Correct 0nswer>

random assignment

Question 16

!hich of the following is true of Terman;s study of gifted children#

Correct 0nswer>

unlike many longitudinal studies, attrition was very low

Question 17

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Terman;s studies of gifted children have been critici"ed because

Correct 0nswer>

his sample could have been more representative

Question 18

or which of the following empirical uestions would a within-subjectsdesign be preferred#

Correct0nswer>

$s the @on"o illusion stronger with the parallel lineshori"ontal or vertical#

Question 19

$n a study with three conditions in which participants are tested in eachcondition more than once, reverse counterbalancing would producewhich of the following seuences#

Correct 0nswer>

0(CC(0

Question 20

$n a study with three conditions in which participants are tested in eachcondition more than once, block randomi"ation could produce each ofthe following seuences e+cept

Correct 0nswer>

0CC(0(

Question 21

Aandom assignment can be accomplished by using

Correct 0nswer> block randomi"ation

Question 22

$n a study in which the procedures were assumed to create an+iety,some participants were interrupted in the middle of the procedure andtheir blood pressure was checked. This is an e+ample of

Correct 0nswer>

a manipulation check

Question 23

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$n a study by %igall and &strove, participants recommended jailsentences for '(arbara )elm.* The study is a good e+ample of

Correct 0nswer>


Question 24

2+perimenter e+pectancies can be reduced by using

Correct 0nswer>

a double blind

Question 25

$n a taste test comparing popcorn brands 0, (, and C, participants onlytry each brand once, and an eual number of subjects e+perience eachof the si+ possible seuences. !hich type of counterbalancing is beingused#

Correct 0nswer>

complete counterbalancing

Question 1

1 out of 1 points

$f subjects are tested once in each condition,

Correct 0nswer>

a 9atin suare can be used to accomplishcounterbalancing

Question 21 out of 1 points

!hen using random assignment, block randomi"ation is sometimesused in order to

Correct 0nswer>

insure an eual number of participants per condition


$n 3333333, each subject volunteering for the study has an eual chance

of being placed into group 0 or group (.Correct 0nswer>

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random assignment


0ccording to &rne, what characteri"es most participants#

Correct 0nswer>

they are cooperative and try to help the e+perimenter


!hich of the following is true of Terman;s study of gifted children#

Correct 0nswer>

unlike many longitudinal studies, attrition was very low Question 6

1 out of 1 points

!hen using matching to create euivalent groups, a matching variableis

Correct0nswer>

any factor that is believed to correlate with the dependentmeasure being used


!hen used as a counterbalancing procedure, block randomi"ationinsures

Correct 0nswer>

that each condition is tested before any condition isretested


!hen is it most likely that a between-subjects design is being used#

Correct 0nswer>

when a subject variable is being used


$n the research e+ample that used %tarbucks coee, participants did notknow whether they were drinking regular or caeine. They were later

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tested for memory by e+perimenters who did not know which group theparticipants were in. !hich of the following is true about this study#

Correct 0nswer>

the design was an e+ample of a double blind procedure


The performance of participants in a within-subjects design sometimesdeteriorates because of fatigue or boredom. This problem is known as

Correct 0nswer>

a progressive eect


9ongitudinal design is to cross-sectional design as 333333 is to 3333333.

Correct 0nswer>


Question 12/ out of 1 points

(lock randomi"ation can be found in

Correct 0nswer> both alternatives a. and b.



Correct 0nswer>




Correct 0nswer>



$n a balanced 9atin suare,

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Correct0nswer>

each condition appears eually often in each seuentialposition


0ll of the following characteri"e within-subjects designs e+cept

Correct 0nswer>

researcher will use either random assignment ormatching


$f participants only e+perience each of the study;s conditions one time,then all of the following counterbalancing techniues can be usede+cept

Correct 0nswer>

reverse counterbalancing



Correct 0nswer>

is also known as a repeated-measures design


(ecause they e+perience 333333333333, participants try to behave in away that makes the e+perimenter think well of them.

Correct 0nswer>

evaluation apprehension Question 20

1 out of 1 points

?emand characteristics, and therefore subject bias, can be reduced byusing

Correct 0nswer>

deception

Question 21

1 out of 1 points

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0 between-subjects design

Correct 0nswer>

includes at least two dierent groups of participants


Aandom assignment is to random selection as 3333333 is to 33333333.

Correct0nswer>

placing participants in groups: acuiring participants forthe study

Question 23

1 out of 1 points

$n a taste test, subjects try Coke, then @epsi, then AC Cola, then ACCola, then @epsi, and nally, Coke. !hat method of counterbalancing isbeing used here#

Correct 0nswer>




Correct 0nswer>



!hich of the following is true about cohort eects#

Correct 0nswer>

they create a potential noneuivalent groups problem

Question 1

1. Random assignment is to random selection as _______ is to ________.

between-subjects; within-subjectsplacing participants in groups; acquiring participants for the study

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complete counterbalancing; partial counterbalancing

recruiting subjects; debriefing subjects

1 points

Question 2

1. In _______, each subject olunteering for the study has an equal chance of being

placed into group ! or group ".

random assignment

counterbalancing

matching

using a #atin square

1 points

Question 3

1. $or which of the following empirical questions would a within-subjects design be

preferred%

&ho learns ma'es more quic(ly, male or female rats%

)o participants gie harsher jail sentences to unattractie defendants%Is the *on'o illusion stronger for those raised in a &estern, industriali'ed cultures%

Is the *on'o illusion stronger with the parallel lines hori'ontal or ertical%

1 points

Question 4

1. In a taste test, subjects try +o(e, then *epsi, then R+ +ola, then R+ +ola, then *epsi,

and finally, +o(e. &hat method of counterbalancing is being used here%

bloc( randomi'ation

reerse counterbalancing


asymmetrical transfer

1 points

Question 5

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1. $ie golfers each hit brand ! golf balls, while at the same time and on the same

driing range fie other golfers hit brand " golf balls. n aerage, the brand "

balls go significantly farther. /he difference is most li(ely due to

a warm-up effect

a change in wind direction

indiidual differences

ealuation apprehension

1 points

Question 6

1. /he performance of participants in a within-subjects design sometimes deteriorates

because of fatigue or boredom. /his problem is (nown as

a progressie effect

a carry-oer effect

a placebo effect

a matching effect

1 points

Question 7

1. 0perimenter epectancies can be reduced by using

trained eperimenters instead of machines

a placebo control group

a double blind

a between-subjects rather than a within-subjects design

1 points

Question 8 A

1. )emand characteristics refer to

aspects of the eperimental procedure that gie away the study2s hypotheses

demands placed on eperimenters by non-cooperatie participants

pressures placed on participants by eperimenters who want a study to come out a

certain way

features of the study that raise ealuation apprehension in subjects

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1 points

Question 9

1. er a series of trials, participants eperiencing one sequence of conditions might

hae an adantage oer participants eperiencing another sequence. /hese effects arecalled

carry-oer effects

transfer effects

eperimenter bias effects

progressie effects

1 points

Question 10 C

1. &hich of the following is true of bloc( randomi'ation%

it is used in between-subjects designs to accomplish random assignment

it is used in within-subjects designs as a means of counterbalancing

both alternaties a. and b.

none of the aboe

1 points

Question 11 A

1. ! progressie effect

is more easily controlled by counterbalancing than a carry-oer effect

is more li(ely to occur in a between-subjects design than a within-subjects design

usually results in a confound, ma(ing counterbalancing a problem

tends to produce effects that are nonlinear from trial to trial

1 points

Question 12

1. &hen is random assignment preferred oer matching as a means of creating

equialent groups%

when a large number of participants are aailable and can be usedwhen some etraneous ariable is (nown to correlate with the dependent ariable

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when there are only a few participants aailable

random assignment is always better

1 points

Question 13 C

1. In a memory study, each subject learns si lists of words. ! researcher decides to use a

#atin square to determine the order in which lists will be shown. &hich of the

following is true%

if ten subjects are to be assigned to each row of the #atin square, then 3 subjects will

be needed to complete the study

participants will see each list more than once

si different sequences of list presentation will be usedthe #atin square will hae 43 5336 rows

1 points

Question 14

1. In a taste test comparing popcorn brands !, ", + and ), the eperimenter decides to

use complete counterbalancing. !ssuming that one subject will be tested in each of the

sequences used, how many people will be needed to complete the study%

78

89

17

8

1 points

Question 15 C

1. In a study by :igall and stroe, participants recommended jail sentences for

"arbara

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Question 16

1. !oiding a sequence effect is a design problem for



both alternaties a. and b.

none of the aboe

1 points

Question 17

1. In a taste test comparing popcorn brands !, ", +, and ), the eperimenter decides to

use a #atin square for counterbalancing. !ssuming that ten participants will be testedin each of the sequences used, how many people will be needed to complete the study%

8

1

9

8

1 points

Question 18

1. In a between-subjects design, the differences between conditions could be due to all of

the following ecept


random error

a carry-oer effect

the effect of the independent ariable

1 points

Question 19

1. &hich of the following is true about the eperiments at the &estern 0lectric plant at

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wor(er productiity increased regardless of whether wor(ing conditions were made

better or poorer

inappropriate statistical procedures created a false impression of the results

1 points

Question 20

1. Random assignment can be accomplished by using


a #atin square

bloc( randomi'ation

matching

1 points

Question 21 D

1. In within-subjects designs,

each subject enters the study naie with respect to the procedures to be used

large numbers of participants usually need to be recruited

bloc( randomi'ation can be used as a way for forming equialent groupsbloc( randomi'ation can be used as a method of counterbalancing

1 points

Question 22

1. In the research eample that used :tarbuc(s coffee, participants did not (now whether

they were drin(ing regular or caffeine. /hey were later tested for memory by

eperimenters who did not (now which group the participants were in. &hich of the

following is true about this study%

it failed to control for eperimenter epectations

it illustrates the good subject effect

the participants were senior citi'ens, so it showed an especially high leel of ealuation

apprehension

the design was an eample of a double blind procedure

1 points

Question 23 B

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1. In a taste test comparing popcorn brands !, ", and +, participants only try each brand

once, and an equal number of subjects eperience each of the si possible sequences.

&hich type of counterbalancing is being used%

#atin square


bloc( randomi'ation


1 points

Question 24 B

1. In a balanced #atin square,

each possible sequence of conditions is used

each condition appears equally often in each sequential position

participants are tested more than once per condition

bloc( randomi'ation must be used

1 points

Question 25 D

1. &hich of the following is true about cohort effects%

they are less important if the ages compared are , 3, and > 5as opposed to , 3, and

>6

they are a ersion of the general problem of controlling order effects

they are more of a problem for longitudinal than for cross-sectional studies

they create a potential nonequialent groups problem

QUESTION 1

1. $f participants only e+perience each of the study;s conditions onetime, then all of the following counterbalancing techniues can be usede+cept

9atin suare


random sample of all possible seuences


1 pointsQUESTION 2

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1. 0voiding a seuence eect is a design problem for




none of the above

1 points

QUESTION 3

1. !hich of the following is true about cohort eects#

they are less important if the ages compared are /, 6/, and B/ 7asopposed to , 6, and B8

they are a version of the general problem of controlling order eects

they are more of a problem for longitudinal than for cross-sectionalstudies


1 points

QUESTION 4

1. $f subjects are tested once in each condition,

a 9atin suare can be used to accomplish counterbalancing

the study is by denition a between-subjects design

reverse counterbalancing is the best techniue to use to control ordereects

complete counterbalancing cannot be used

1 points

QUESTION 5

1. $n a taste test, subjects try Coke, then @epsi, then AC Cola, then ACCola, then @epsi, and nally, Coke. !hat method of counterbalancing isbeing used here#

block randomi"ation



asymmetrical transfer

1 points

QUESTION 6

1. Compared to a cross-sectional study, a longitudinal study

takes less time to complete




1 points

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QUESTION 7

1. !hen using matching to create euivalent groups, a matchingvariable is

any factor that is believed to correlate with the dependent measurebeing used

another name for the independent variable

always a subject variable

never actually measured

1 points

QUESTION 8

1. The general procedure used to control for seuence eects is called

randomi"ation

double blind

counterbalancing

automation

1 points

QUESTION 9

1. !hat is accomplished by random assignment#

possible seuence eects are controlled

possible confounds are spread evenly through the dierent groups

an eual number of subjects per group is assured

a representative sample is selected from the population

1 points

QUESTION 10C

1. $n a between-subjects design, the dierences between conditionscould be due to all of the following e+cept


random error

a carry-over eect

the eect of the independent variable

1 points

QUESTION 11

1. or which of the following empirical uestions would a within-subjects design be preferred#

!ho learns ma"es more uickly, male or female rats#

?o participants give harsher jail sentences to unattractivedefendants#

$s the @on"o illusion stronger for those raised in a !estern,

industriali"ed cultures#$s the @on"o illusion stronger with the parallel lines hori"ontal or

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vertical#

1 points

QUESTION 12

1. Aandom assignment can be accomplished by using

reverse counterbalancinga 9atin suare

block randomi"ation

matching

1 points

QUESTION 13

1. !hen using random assignment, block randomi"ation is sometimesused in order to

match participants on some potentially confounding factorinsure an eual number of participants per condition

insure that a random sample is selected

accomplish complete counterbalancing

1 points

QUESTION 14

1. (lock randomi"ation can be found in




none of the above

1 points

QUESTION 15

1. 0 within-subjects design

reuires more subjects than a comparable between-subjects design


tests dierent groups of participants at each level of the independentvariable

includes at least three dierent groups of subjects

1 points

QUESTION 16

1. The performance of participants in a within-subjects designsometimes deteriorates because of fatigue or boredom. This problem isknown as

a progressive eect

a carry-over eect

a placebo eect

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a matching eect

1 points

QUESTION 17C

1. 0utomating the procedures as much as possible and using a double

blind will help to reducesubject bias only

e+perimenter bias only


neither subject bias nor e+perimenter bias

1 points

QUESTION 18

1. ?emand characteristics are more likely to be found in

between-subjects designs rather than within-subjects designswithin-subjects designs rather than between-subjects designs

studies with animal subjects than studies with human subjects

cross-sectional rather than longitudinal studies

1 points

QUESTION 19

1. 2+perimenter e+pectancies can be reduced by using

trained e+perimenters instead of machines

a placebo control groupa double blind

a between-subjects rather than a within-subjects design

1 points

QUESTION 20

1. $n a balanced 9atin suare,

each possible seuence of conditions is used

each condition appears eually often in each seuential position

participants are tested more than once per conditionblock randomi"ation must be used

1 points

QUESTION 21

1. $n a cross-sectional comparison of intelligence in people aged 4/, 5/,and 6/, dierences might be due to aging but they might also be due tothe dierent rearing conditions e+perienced by participants. This latterinterpretation illustrates a7n8 3333333 eect.

cohort

placeboattrition

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order

1 points

QUESTION 22D

1. $n a study by Aeynolds, each of 1 chess players e+amined 6

dierent games. To avoid a seuence eect, the games were presented indierent orders. !hich of the following counterbalancing techniues wasmost likely used by Aeynolds#


9atin suare

block randomi"ation

random sample of seuences

1 points

QUESTION 23

1. Compared to a longitudinal study, a cross-sectional study

takes longer to complete




1 points

QUESTION 24

1. Aandom assignment is to random selection as 3333333 is to 33333333.

between-subjects: within-subjects

placing participants in groups: acuiring participants for the study

complete counterbalancing: partial counterbalancing

recruiting subjects: debrieng subjects

1 points

QUESTION 25C

1. $n a within-subjects design, the dierences between e+perimentalconditions could be due to all of the following e+cept

some confounding factorrandom error

individual dierences

the eect of the independent variable


!hat is accomplished by random assignment#

Correct0nswer>

possible confounds are spread evenly through the

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dierent groups


!hich of the following is true about cohort eects#

Correct 0nswer>



!hen deciding to use matching, which of the following is unimportantas a factor contributing to the decision#

Correct 0nswer>

all of the above are important


$n a taste test comparing popcorn brands 0, (, C, and ?, thee+perimenter decides to use a 9atin suare for counterbalancing.0ssuming that ten participants will be tested in each of the seuencesused, how many people will be needed to complete the study#

Correct 0nswer>

5/


9ongitudinal design is to cross-sectional design as 333333 is to 3333333.

Correct 0nswer>



$n a cross-sectional comparison of intelligence in people aged 4/, 5/,and 6/, dierences might be due to aging but they might also be due tothe dierent rearing conditions e+perienced by participants. This latterinterpretation illustrates a7n8 3333333 eect.

Correct 0nswer>

cohort


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ive golfers each hit / brand 0 golf balls, and then / brand ( golfballs. &n average, the brand ( balls go signicantly farther. !hich ofthe following is true#

Correct 0nswer>

any of the above are possible e+planations


Compared to a longitudinal study, a cross-sectional study

Correct 0nswer>



0utomating the procedures as much as possible and using a doubleblind will help to reduce

Correct 0nswer>




Correct 0nswer>



?emand characteristics, and therefore subject bias, can be reduced byusing

Correct 0nswer>

deception


0voiding a seuence eect is a design problem forCorrect 0nswer>

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0 between-subjects design

Correct 0nswer>

must deal with the problem of euivalent groups


$n a between-subjects design, the dierences between conditions couldbe due to all of the following e+cept

Correct 0nswer>

a carry-over eect


!hich of the following is true of block randomi"ation#

Correct 0nswer>



0 progressive eect

Correct0nswer>

is more easily controlled by counterbalancing than acarry-over eect


$n a study with three conditions in which participants are tested in eachcondition more than once, reverse counterbalancing would producewhich of the following seuences#

Correct 0nswer>

0(CC(0


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)ow might e+perimenter bias be communicated to subjects in animalresearch#

Correct0nswer>

animals in dierent groups might be handled dierently

by e+perimenters


$n a study by %igall and &strove, participants recommended jailsentences for '(arbara )elm.* The study is a good e+ample of

Correct 0nswer>



$n the research e+ample that used %tarbucks coee, participants did notknow whether they were drinking regular or caeine. They were latertested for memory by e+perimenters who did not know which group theparticipants were in. !hich of the following is true about this study#

Correct 0nswer>

the design was an e+ample of a double blindprocedure


$f participants only e+perience each of the study;s conditions one time,then all of the following counterbalancing techniues can be usede+cept

Correct 0nswer>


Question 22 1 out of 1 points


Correct 0nswer>



Terman;s studies of gifted children

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Correct 0nswer>

used a longitudinal design


!hen is random assignment preferred over matching as a means ofcreating euivalent groups#

Correct0nswer>

when a large number of participants are available andcan be used


?emand characteristics are more likely to be found in

Correct0nswer>

within-subjects designs rather than between-subjectsdesigns

test 6 asa

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