tarea okokok

8/3/2019 TAREA OKOKOK

1/109

ENGLISH

ALPHABET


2/109

A a

( ei )

Bb

( bi )

C c

( ci )

D d

( di )

E e

( i )

F

( ef )

G g

( yi )

H h

( eich

)

I i

( ai )

Jj

( yei

)

K k

( key

)

L l

( el )

M m

(em )

N n

( en )

O o

( ou )

P p

( pi )

Q q

( kiu )

R r

( ar )

S s

( es )

T t

( ti )

U u

( ou )

V v

( vi )

W

(dabli

)

X x

( ex )

Y y

( uay )

Z z

(zi)

NAME

D I A N A C R U Z

di ai ei e

n

ei ci a

r

o

u

zi


3/109

SONG

Artista: Kansas Letraslbum: Point Of KnowReturnAno: 1977

(Kerry Livgren)Dust In The Wind :

I close my eyes, only for a moment, and the moment's

gone

All my dreams, pass before my eyes, a curiosity

Dust in the wind, all they are is dust in the wind

Same old song, just a drop of water in an endless sea

All we do, crumbles to the ground, though we refuse tosee

Dust in the wind, All we are is dust in the wind

Don't hang on, nothing lasts forever but the earth andsky

It slips away, all your money won't another minute buy

Dust in the wind, All we are is dust in the wind

Personal Pronouns (Pronombrespersonales)
http://www.letrasmania.com/artista/letras_de_canciones_kansas_2234.htmlhttp://www.letrasmania.com/album/letras_de_canciones_kansas_2234_letras_point_of_know_return_5953.htmlhttp://www.letrasmania.com/album/letras_de_canciones_kansas_2234_letras_point_of_know_return_5953.htmlhttp://www.letrasmania.com/artista/letras_de_canciones_kansas_2234.html


4/109

En ingls no existe la forma "usted" o "ustedes" formal. Por lo tanto los nativos de lalengua ni siquiera lo tienen conceptualizado como una forma aqu llamada "formal".Se tiene que entender entonces que la forma masculina, femenina y neutra son lomismo, lo nico que les diferencia es el gnero.

Adems, ten en cuenta que en ingls slo existe una forma para "tu" y "vosotros" -"you," excepto en la forma reflexiva que distingue entre el singular (yourself) y

plural (yourselves).

Pronombrespersonales(funcin de sujeto)

Ejemplo Traduccin ejemplo

I yo Play

I am ill.Yo estoy enfermo.

You t, usted Play

You are tall.T eres alto. / Usted es alto.

He l Play

Heishandsome.l es guapo.

She ella Play

Sheispretty.Ella es guapa.

It ello (neutro) Play

It is cold today.Hoy hace fro.

We nosotros Play

We are tired.Nosotros estamos cansados.

Youvosotros,ustedes

Play

You are angry.

Vosotros estis enfadados. Ustedesestn enfadados.

The

yellos, ellas

Play

They are at thecinema.

Ellos estn en el cine.

Pronombrespersonales(funcin de objeto)


Me m Play Puedes ayudarme?
http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-1.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-2.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-4.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-5.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-6.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-7.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-8.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-9.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-1.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-2.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-4.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-5.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-6.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-7.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-8.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-9.mp3


5/109

Can you help me?

You a t, a usted Play

I can help you.

Puedo ayudarte. / Puedo ayudarle.

Him a l Play

Can you see him?Le puedes ver?

Her a ella Play

Give it to her.Dselo a ella.

It a ello Play

Give it a kick.

Dale una patada.

Us a nosotros Play

Can you see us?Nos puedes ver?

Youa vosotros, austedes

Play

I seeyou.Os veo. / Les veo.

The

ma ellos

Play

He can helpthem.

Les puede ayudar.

NeuterForm (Forma neutra)Los pronombres en ingls distinguen entre masculino (he), femenino (she) y neutro(it), tal y como se muestra en la tabla de pronombres.

El pronombre personal "it" se utiliza cuando nos referimos a cosas, a animales queno sabemos su sexo o al tiempo (calendario y meteorolgico).

Ejemplos:

Where is it [the book]? (Dnde est [el libro]?)

What is its [the dog] name? (Cmo se llama [el perro]?)

What time is it? (Quhoraes?)

It is raining. (Estlloviendo.)

Nota: "It es una particula muy importante en ingls de la que los hablantes delengua espaola se suelen olvidar.

Function (Funcin)
http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-10.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-11.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-12.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-13.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-14.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-15.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-16.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/pronom.phphttp://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-10.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-11.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-12.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-13.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-14.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-15.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-16.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/pronom.php


6/109

Dentro de los pronombres personales, el ingls distingue entre pronombres enfuncin de sujeto y pronombres personales enfuncin de objeto.

1. El pronombre en funcin de sujeto.Este pronombre en ingls, a diferencia del espaol, debe figurar

siempre: I am ill. (Estoyenfermo.)

Subject = I

2. El pronombre en funcin de objeto.Este pronombre se coloca detrs del verbo al que complementa odetrs preposiciones como "for", "to", "with" y "at".

I can help you. (Puedoayudarte.)

Subject = I, Object = you

Can you see him? (Puedesverle?)

Subject = you, Object = him

He is going to the party withus. (Esta yendo a la fiesta connosotros.)

Subject = he, Object = us

It is [the letter] foryou.(Es [la carta] para ti.)

Subject = it, Object = you

TASK 1Personal Pronouns.

1. El pronombre en funcin de sujeto.

PersonalPronouns. EXAMPLE

I I am ill. I am veryhapy

YouYou are tall. You are fast

He Heishandsome He isgood


7/109

SheSheispretty Sheisbeautiful

ItItiscoldtoday It is a good school

WeWe are tired We are sorry

YouYou are angry. You are glad

TheyThey are at the Theu are goodpupils.

2. El pronombre en funcin de objeto.

EXAMPLE:

.Can you helpme? He gives them to me?

.Can you seehim? Do you sometimes help him?

.Giveit to her. He writesher?

.Giveit a kick. I makeit?

.Can you seeus? He tellsus?

. I seeyou. Who explain it to you?

.He can helpthem. We are going to show it tothem?

NeuterFormExample


8/109

Where is it [the book] It is time to go?

What is its [the dog] name? Whatistoday?

Itisraining. Whwtis the cat?

What time isit? She tells it to him?

TASK 2

PossessivePronouns

Pronombres posesivos(en funcin de determinante delsujeto)


My mi, mis Thisismyhouse. Esta es mi casa.

Yourtu, tus (de t) / su, sus(de usted)

Thisisyourbook. ste es tu libro. / ste es su libro.

His su, sus (de l) Thisishisbicycle. sta es su bicicleta.Her su, sus (de ella) Thisisherdress. ste es su vestido.

Its su, sus Thisisits (thecat's)home.

sta es su casa. (la casa del gato)

Our nuestro/a nuestros/as These areoursuitcases.

stas son nuestras maletas.

Yourvuestro/a, vuestros/as, su,

sus (de ustedes)These are yourseats.

stos son vuestros asientos. stosson sus asientos.

Their su, sus (de ellos) These are theirbooks. stos son sus libros.Pronombres posesivos(en funcin de pronombre) Ejemplo Traduccin ejemploMine mio/s, ma/s Thisbookismine Este libro es mio.

Yourstuyo/s, tuya/s, suyo/s,suya/s

Isthisbookyours?

Este libro es tuyo? / Este libroes suyo?

Hissuyo/s, suya/s(de el)

Thisbicycleishis. Esta bicicleta es de l.

Herssuyo/s, suya/s(de ella)

Thedressishers. El vestido es de ella.

Its su, sus

Ours nuestro/s, nuestra/s Thesuitcases are ours. Las maletas son nuestras.


9/109


10/109

Pronombres posesivos

(en funcin de pronombre)

Function (Funcin)En funcin de artculo determinativo del sujeto:

EXAMPLE

My car is blue

Hisbikeis red

Myhouseissmall

His Money isgreen.

Mycatissmall.

Thisbookismine Thisruleris mine

Thisbicycleishis. Thisisyourtable

The dressishers. Thiseraserishis

The suit cases are ours. Its shoes is are goog

The seseatsaryours. The pencils are ours

Thisbookistheirs. This pen istheirs.


11/109

Possessive vs. GenitivePronouns (Pronombres

posesivos y el genitivo)

EXAMPLE

Washington is he capital of the United States

Quito is the capital of Ecuador.

Bogot is capital of Colombia

Lima is the capital of the per.

EXAMPLE

Question (pregunta):Where is your sister?

Whereisyourmother?

He is at cars my parents?

Whosebooksthis?

Whosedogsthis?

Windows this?

Whose Windows this?

Whosepicturethis?

EXAMPLE

Her dress...

Andreas drees

Pablosmother

Rosassister

Pedrosschool

Luisasfather

Jorges car.


12/109

DemonstrativePronouns (Pronombresdemostrativos)Es importante comenzar sealando que los pronombres pueden estar en singular o

plural y que pueden hacer referencia a la distancia:

This(Este/a/o)

That(Ese/a/o, aqul, aquello/a)

These(Estos/as)

Those(Esos/as, aqullos/as)

Ejemplos:

Singular and here (singular y aqu):

I likethis car. (Me gusta este coche.)

Plural and here (plural y aqu):

I like these cars. (Me gustanestoscoches.)

Singular and there (singular y all):

I like that car. (Me gustaesecoche.)

Plural and there (plural y all):

I likethose cars. (Me gustan aquellos coches.)

Play

Los pronombres demostrativos pueden ir acompaados de un nombre comovemos en los ejemplos anteriores, o pueden ir solos como en los siguientesejemplos:

This is a good book. (Este es un buen libro.)

What is that? (Queseso?)

Play

Other Uses of DemonstrativePronouns (Otros usos

de los demostrativos)1. Podemos utilizarlos cuando nos presentamos a otra persona al

otro lado de la lnea telefnica:

Hello. This is Alicia. (Hola. Soy Alicia.)

Play

2. O cuando no estamos seguros de con quin estamos hablando alotro lado de la lnea o a alguien que no vemos por que estamos enun sitio oscuro o en otra habitacin:

Peter, is that you? (Erestu, Peter?)

Play
http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-1.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-2.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-4.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-1.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-2.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-4.mp3


13/109

3. "This": Tambin lo podemos utilizar cuando presentamos apersonas:

Lucy, this is my friend Jill. (Lucy, esta es mi amiga Jill.)

Play4. "That": Tambin lo podemos utilizar para referirnos a algo delpasado:

That pizza wasdelicious. (Aquella pizza estaba riqusima.)

Play

Nota: Tanto puede ser una pizza que acabamos de comer como una pizzaque comimos en las vacaciones del ao pasado.

TASK 3

DemonstrativePronouns (Pronombresdemostrativos)

EXAMPLE

I like this car.

Plural andhere I like

these cars.

I likesthisdog

I likethesedogs.

He lkikethispencil

He likesthesepencils.

This is a goodbook.

This is a good notebook.

This is a good telephone.

Other Uses of DemonstrativePronouns (Otros usosde los demostrativos)

EXAMPLE

Hello. This is Alicia

That pizza wasdelicious

Thatmanwascharming

Thisismysister

This orange wasenticing.

This is Carlos
http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-5.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-6.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-5.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-6.mp3


14/109

Lucy, this is myfriendJill.

Thishouseisbeautiful.

TASK 4

ReflexivePronouns (Pronombresreflexivos)

Pronombres reflexivos(en funcin de pronombre) Ejemplo Traduccin ejemplo

Myself yo mismo, a mi I sawitformyself. Yo mismo lo v.

Yourselft mismo (a ti),usted mismo (a

usted)

Don'tburnyourself!No te quemes! / No sequeme!

Himselfl mismo, a simismo

He hurthimself. Se hizo dao.

Herselfella misma, a simisma

Shediditherself. Lo hizo ella misma.

Itselfl mismo, asmismo

Thecatscratcheditself. El gato se rasc.

Ourselvesnosotrosmismos

Wemadeitourselves. Lo hemos hecho nosotrosmismos.

Yourselves

vosotros

mismos, ustedesmismos Didyoupaintthehouseyourselves?

Pintsteis la casa vosotros

mismos? / Pintaron la casaustedes mismos?

Themselves ellos mismos Theywerespeakingtothemselves. Ellos hablaban consigomismos.

.


15/109


16/109

I saw it formy self We made it our selves.

Don'tburnyourself! Didyoupaintthehouseyourselves?

He hurthimself. They were speaking ot hem selves.She did it her self. We painted the house our selves

Thecatscratcheditself. I diditmyself

EXAMPLES

MY SELF

I said for my self

I read it form my self

I laid it for my self

Your self

Dont beat your self

Dont dug your self

Dont hide your self.

HIM SELF

He hurt him self

He undergo him self

He win him self.

He withdraw him self.

He put him self.

HER SELF

She bear it herself.

She beat it her self.

She give it her self.

She lean it her self.

She tear it her self.

IT SELF

The cat scratched it self.

The dog tore it self

The chiken undergo it self.

The bear beat it self.

OUR SELVES

We made i tour selves.

We begin i tour selves.

We beat i tour selves.

We know i tour selves.

YOUR SELVES

Did you pain the house your selves.

Did you sing the song your selves.

Did you write the task your selves

Did you paint the book your selves.

Did you listen the lesson your selves.

THEM SELVES

They were speaking to them selves

They were listening to them selves

They were looked to them selves

They were dreamt to them selves

They were undergo to them selves


17/109

ReciprocalPronouns (Pronombres recprocos)John and Peter speak to eachother everyday German and Mary lean to eachother

everyday

TASK 5

Ourselve

s

nosotrosmismos

Wemadeitourselves.Lo hemos hecho nosotrosmismos.

Yourselv

es

vosotrosmismos,ustedesmismos

Didyoupaintthehouseyour

selves?

Pintsteis la casavosotros mismos? /Pintaron la casa ustedesmismos?

Themselves ellos mismos Theywerespeakingtothemselves. Ellos hablaban consigomismos.

PronounsTable

Pronombres personales

(funcin de sujeto)Ejemplo

Traduccin

ejemplo

I yo I am ill.

Yo estoy

enfermo.

You t, usted You are tall.T eres alto. /Usted es alto.

He l He ishandsome. l es guapo.

She ella She ispretty. Ella es guapa.

It ello (neutro) It iscoldtoday. Hoy hace fro.

We nosotros We are tired.Nosotros estamoscansados.

You vosotros, ustedes You are angry. Vosotros estis

enfadados.


18/109

Ustedes estnenfadados.

They ellos, ellas They are at the cinema.Ellos estn en elcine.

Pronombres personales

(funcin de objeto)Ejemplo

Traduccin

ejemplo

Me m Can you help me?Puedesayudarme?

You a t, a usted I can help you.Puedoayudarte. /Puedo ayudarse.

Him a l Can you see him? Le puedes ver?

Her a ella Giveit to her. Dselo a ella.

It a ello Give it a kick. Dale una patada.Us a nosotros Can you see us? Nos puedes ver?

Youa vosotros, austedes

I see you.Os veo. / Lesveo.

Them a ellos He can help them.Les puedeayudar.


(en funcin de determinante de sujeto)Ejemplo

Traduccin

ejemplo

My mi, mis Thisis my house. sta es mi casa.

Your tu, tus (de t) /su, sus (de usted) Thisis your book. ste es tu libro. /ste es su libro.

His su, sus (de l) Thisis his bicycle.sta es subicicleta.

Her su, sus (de ella) Thisis her dress.ste es suvestido.

Its su, sus This is its (the cat's) home.sta es su casa.(del gato)

Ournuestro/anuestros/as

These are our suit cases.stas sonnuestras maletas.

Your

vuestro/a,vuestros/as, su,sus (de ustedes)

These are yourseats.stos sonvuestrosasientos. stosson sus asientos.

Their su, sus (de ellos) These are theirbooks.stos son suslibros.


(en funcin de pronombre)Ejemplo

Traduccin

ejemplo

Mine mio/s, ma/s Thisbookis mine Este libro es mo.

Yours tuyo/s, tuya/s,

suyo/s, suya/s

Isthisbookyours? Este libro es

tuyo? / Este


19/109

libro es suyo?

Hissuyo/s, suya/s(de el)

Thisbicycleis his.Esta bicicleta esde l.

Hers suyo/s, suya/s(de ella) The dressis hers. El vestido es deella.

Its su, sus

Oursnuestro/s,nuestra/s

The suitcases areours.Las maletas sonnuestras.

Yours

vuestro/a,vuestros/as,suyo/s, suya/s

Theseseats areyours.

Estos asientosson vuestros.Estos asientosson suyos.

Theirssuyo/a, suyos/as

(de ellos)

Thisbookistheirs.Este libro es de

ellos.Pronombres reflexivos

(en funcin de pronombre)Ejemplo

Traduccin

ejemplo

Myself yo mismo, a mi I sawitformyself. Yo mismo lo v.

Yourself

t mismo (a ti),usted mismo (austed)

Don'tburnyourself!No te quemes! /No se queme!

Himselfl mismo, a simismo

He hurt himself. Se hizo dao.

Herselfella misma, a si

mismaShe did it her self.

Lo hizo ella

misma.

Itselfl mismo, asmismo

The cat scratched it self. El gato se rasc.

Ourselves nosotros mismos We made it our selves.Lo hemos hechonosotros mismos.

Yourselvesvosotros mismos,ustedes mismos

Did you paint thehouseyourselves?

Pintsteis lacasa vosotrosmismos? /Pintaron la casaustedes mismos?

Themselves ellos mismos They were speaking to themselves.

Ellos hablabanconsigo mismos.

EXAMPLES


20/109

I

I am speak spanish

I am a good student.

Iam study the lessson.

I am play the guitar.

YOU

You are beautiful

You are good

You are bad

You are listen to music.

HE

He is fat

He is careful.

He is administration.

He is afectionate.

He isagreeable.

SHE

She is clothier.

She is companion.

She is compatriot

She is competitor

Sheisconfident.

IT

It is airy.

It is capacius.

It is carcass.

It is careles.

Itis caricature.

WE

We are convicts.

We are daintys.

We are decisives.

We are designer.

We are demandigs

YOU

You are chancellor.

You are children.

You are civilian.

You are clerk.

You are client

THEY

They are carefuls

They are carelees.

They are cookies.

They are dementeds.

They are devout.


21/109

EN FUNCIN DE DETERMINANTE DEL SUJETO

MY

This is my house.

This is my dog.

This is my cat.

This is my table.

This is my car.

YOUR

This is your book.

This is your ruler.

This is your sweater.

This is your shoes.

This is your notebook.

HIS

This is his bicycle.

This is his dish.

This is his watch.

This is his box.

This is his potato.

HER

This is her dress

This is her leave.

This is her knife.

This is her mouse

ThisisherchildITS

This is the cats home

This is the park

This is the clasroom

This is the TV

OUR

These are our suit cases

These are our tries

These are our daugther

These are our sister


22/109

This is the chalk These are our niece

YOURThese are your seats

These are your curtain

These are your matress

These are your brush

These are yourletter

THEIRThese are their books

These are their picture

These are their mail

These are their sweet

These are theirorange.

PRONOMBRES POSESIVOS.

MINE

This book is mine

This pencil is mine

This calculator is minethis computer is mine

YOURS

Is this book yours?

Is this screen yours?

Is this atlas yours?Isthisdictionary?

HIS

This bycicle is his

This videotape is his

This information desk is his.

Thismagazaneishis.

HERS

The dress is hers

The loudstapes is hers

The flag is hers

The boardeaser is hers.

ITS

Its house is for you?

Its Bookshelf is for you?

Its notebook paper is for you?

Its graph paper is for you?

OURS

The suit cases are ours.

The trubtack are ours.

The seat are ours.

The card catalog are ours.


23/109

Its slide projectos is for you? The microfilm are ours.

YOURSThese seats are yours.

These bus are yours.

These office bulding are yours.

These lockes are yours.

These Gym are yours.

THEIRSThis book is theirs.

This looker roomis theirs.

This mailroom is theirs.

This copy machine is theirs.

Thiscabinetistheirs.

PRONOMBRES INDEFINIDOS

Pronombre Explicacin Espaol Singular Plural

Playall

una cantidad entera(cosas/personas)

todo X X

Playanother

una persona/ cosaadems, diferente

otro X

Playany

da igual cuantosalgn,ningn,cualquier

X X

Playanybody/anyone cualquiera persona

alguien,

nadie,cualquiera

X

Playanything

cualquier cosaalgo, nada,cualquier

X

Playanywhere

cualquier lugarcualquierlugar

X

Playboth

dos personas ocosas

ambos/losdos

X
http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_all.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_another.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_any.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_anybodyany.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_anything.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_anywhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_both.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_all.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_another.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_any.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_anybodyany.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_anything.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_anywhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_both.mp3


24/109

Playeach

cada uno, separadocada, cadauno

X

Play

either

una o otra entre dos

personas o cosas

cualquiera

(de 2) X

Playenough

suficiente cantidad bastante X

Playevery

cada persona o cosa,todos

cada, todos X

Playeverybody/everyone

todas las personas todos X

Playeverything

todas las cosas todo X

Playeverywhere

por todas partes todos partes X

Playfew

una cantidadpequea (contable)

pocos, unos X

Playfewer

una cantidadreducida

menos X

Playless

una cantidad mspequea

menos X

Playlittle

una cantidadpequea(incontable)

poco X

Playmany

una cantidad grande(contable)

muchos X

Playmore

una cantidad msgrande

ms X X

Playmost

la mayora, casitodos

la mayora X X

Playmuch

una cantidad grande(contable)

mucho X

Playneither

ni una o otra entredos personas o

ninguno (de2)

X
http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_each.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_either.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_enough.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_every.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_everybodye.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_everything.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_everywhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_few.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_fewer.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_less.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_little.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_many.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_more.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_most.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_much.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_neither.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_each.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_either.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_enough.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_every.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_everybodye.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_everything.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_everywhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_few.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_fewer.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_less.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_little.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_many.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_more.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_most.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_much.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_neither.mp3


25/109

cosas

Playnobody/no one

ninguna persona nadie X

Playnone

nada, ningunapersona o cosa

ningn,nada

X X

Playnothing

ninguna cosa nada X

Playnowhere

ningn lugar ningn lugar X

Play

one

una persona no

identificada un, uno X

Playother

otra persona o cosa otro X

Playothers

otras personas, nonosotros

otros X

Playseveral

ms de dos pero nomuchas

varios X

Playsome

una cantidad noespecificada

algn, algode

X X

Playsomebody/someone

una persona noespecificada

alguien X

Playsomething

una cosa noespecificada

algo X

Playsomewhere

un lugar noespecificado

algn lugar X

Playsuch

de un tipo yamencionado

tal, tan X X

Playthey

gente en general ellos X

Playyou

una persona noespecificada(informal)

tu X
http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_nobodynoon.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_none.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_nothing.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_nowhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_one.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_other.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_others.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_several.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_some.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_somebodyso.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_something.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_somewhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_such.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_they.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_you.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_nobodynoon.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_none.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_nothing.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_nowhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_one.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_other.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_others.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_several.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_some.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_somebodyso.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_something.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_somewhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_such.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_they.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_you.mp3


26/109

EXAMPLES

ALL

The pencil is all the table

The people isall the world

The children is all theschool.

The peoples is a ll thehospital

ANOTHER

Maria is anhoter people.

The information is anhoter.

This is anhoterschoool

Thisisanhoterbooks.

ANY

Any dogs and cats.

Any to look.

Any speak english.

Any Listening to music.

Any spoke spanish.

ANY BODY

There isnt any body home.

There isnt any body school.

There isnt any body bocks.

ANYTHING

Is anything good

Is anything bad

Is anything far from Ecuador.

Isanythingdear.

ANYWHERE

I choose any where.

I draw any where.

He eat any where.

Sheanywhereread.

BOTH

Juan both Rosa.

The cat and the dog bothbeautiful.

EACH

The pen and the pencil each20cents

The orange and bananas each30cent.


27/109

The guitar and maracas both arei instruments musicals.

The shoes and sweater each 50cents.

The ruler and book each 1.20

cents

EIGTHER

The house is cither the river andthe mountain.

The school is eithers the parkand the church.

ENOUGH

I have enough bananas.

She have enough potatoes.

He had enough task

Maria have enough fruits

Luis have enough shoes.

EVERY

Every night in my house.

Every spring in the park

Every summer he sing.

Every autumm she is happy.

EVERY BODY

Everyone is here already

They have been waiting for you

Everyone walk in the park.

Everyone eat the fruts.Everyone wash the clothes.

EVERY THING

Every thing naturals arebeautiful.

Every thing are mine.

Every thing of the pastEverythingnormals.

EVERY WHERE

Every where exist the animals

Every where play childrens.

Every where fly the bee.

Every where he had sing.

Every where exist the poverty.

FEW

Twenty is few

The few orange.

One hundred is few

FEWER

One fewer the diner

Rosa and fewer of saving

Twenty is fewer the two.


28/109

One few diner in the bank

Maria have few of cents.

Pedro had fewer years.

Juan have fewer animals.

LESS

Rosa have less orange

He have less of potatoes

She had less of the pple.

LITTLE

The river havelitlewter.

In the world had little wter.

I have Little hair.

She had Little the books.

MANYLuis have many Money

He had many friends.

She had many sisters

Jorge had many dogs.

Theyhavemanyanimals.

MOREI have more pencils

She have more dogs.

He have more tables.

One day have more minutes.

Juan have more money

MOST

The most of animals aremammal.

The most of children play in thehouse and the school.

The most of mans have cars.

The most of women arebeautiful.

MUCH

I have much Money.

He had muchs clients.

She have much cars.

Pedro had much hauses.

He have much animals.

NEITHER

Paty and Nicolas heiters aregood.

Neither Im like.

Neither is bad.

NOBODY

Nobody wants to work today.

Nobody play in the school.

Nobody speak in the clasroom.


29/109

Neitheristall. Nobody eat in the restaurant.,

NONENone children have the task.

None father leave the children.

None car Im to pleace.

None instrument musical is bad.

NOTHINGNothing father is bad.

Nothing children is ugly

Nothing friend is good.

Nothingtaskisdificult.

NOWHERE

Nowhere park is secure.

Nowhere river is secare.

Nowhere city is beautiful.

Imnowere city have school.

ONE

One car is red.

One children have hunger.

One woman dancing.

One men play the guitar in thepark.

OTHER

Other person dancing.

Other men is bad.

Other house is beautiful.

Other pencil Im have.

OTHERS

Others persons studies.

Others animals are bad.

Other friends playing.

Others childrens to fish.

SEVERAL

Several persons are in thechurch.

Several womens have car

Several childrens are students.

Severalfatherhavehouse.

SOME

Some cars is in the park.

Some animals is in the river.

Some people is in the bank.

Some friend a have computer.

SOMEBODY

Somebody left their their jacket.

SOMETHING

There is something on the floor


30/109

Its so cold outside ,Im sure theywill be back for it soom.

Some body sing in the church.

There is something on the nigth

There is something on the noon.

There is something on thetomorrow.

SOMEWERE

Imsomewere are butherfly.

Imsomewere have trees.

The rabit live in somewere.

The flower is in somewere.

SUCH

Such as person

Such as is the friend.

He such dancing.

She such play maracas.

THEY

They people have flowers .

They speak english.

They drink the wter.

They cat some frutts.

They are beautifuls.

YOU

You friend is bad.

You friend is tall.

You mother is my friend.

Are you Reading your book.

Are you writing a letter.


31/109

1


32/109

Principio del formulario

Q1 of 10:Where is David? _____ is at home.

His

She

He

HimQ2 of 10:Can you help _____?

me

I

we

they

Q3 of 10:Where is the book? _____ is on the table.

He

It

She

--

Q4 of 10:_____ house is blue.


33/109

You

It

Yours

YourQ5 of 10:These seats are _____.

theirs

them

they

their

Q6 of 10:Whose bike is it? Itis __________.

Sarah

she

Sarah's

of SarahQ7 of 10:I like _____ book.

this

those

these


34/109

--

Q8 of 10:_____ seats are ours.

That

This

--

ThoseQ9 of 10:Did you paint the house? Yes, we painted the house __________.

yourselves

ourselves

ourself

itself

Q10 of 10:Alice and Paul see __________ everyday.

themselves

themself

yourselves

each other


35/109

Final delformulario

2Q1 of 4:Can you see ...

us?

we?

our?

Q2 of 4:The dress is ...

her

of she

hers

Q3 of 4:Did you paint the house ...

you?

yourselves?

youselve?


36/109

Q4 of 4:Give it to ...

her

she

hers

EXAMPLES

Were is Maria?She is at bus

Were is Pedro?He is in theschool

Where is Pablo?He is in thehouse.

Where is the pencil?It is in thetable.

Where is the car?It is in the park.

Were is the eraser? Is on thetable.


37/109

Where is Manuel? He is athome

Were is the church? Is opositethe bank


38/109

You sweater is blue.

It is red car.

You house is black.

She have one dess pink.

It pen is the colour red.

These tables are theirs.

They have some Money.

These seats are theirs

They speak english and spanish.

Theystudy the lesson.

whose is this? Is of Maria

Whose bank is it? Is of Carla.

Whose bike is it? Is of Carolina.

Whose church is it? Is of Dayana

I like this table.

I like this artis.

I like this song.I like this fruits.

This shoes are ours.

This sweaters are ours.

This blouses are ours.

This fads are ours.

Did you paint the car? Yes ,wepainted car yourselves.

Did you hurt yourselves?

when you see yourselves in the mirror

when you see yourselves in the mirror

did you hurtyourself?


39/109

LESSON 2 THEARTICLE

The Definite Article (El artculodeterminado)

Los artculos definen a un nombre y siempre estnsituados delante del nombre. En ingls, a diferencia delcastellano, no tienen gnero ni forma plural. Encastellano decimos "el coche" (gnero masculino,singular) o "las casas" (gnero femenino, plural) y eningls es "the car" y "the houses" (gnero neutro: it)."The" corresponde a los siguientes artculos en espaol:el, la, los, las.

Ejemplos:MASCULINO/SINGULAR The boy (el nio) The book (el libro)

MASCULINO/PLURAL

The boys (los nios) The books (los libros)

FEMENINO/SINGULAR


40/109

The girl (la nia) The table (la mesa)

FEMENINO/PLURAL

The girls (las nias) The tables (las mesas)

Examples: The chair The door The seat

The hawk The dog The cat The car The ruler The pencil

The book

Este artculo puede ir precedido de las preposiciones "of" o "to".En ingls no hay contraccin de preposicin y artcula ("Del" =

"of the" y "al" = "to the").

Ejemplos: The days of the week. (Los das de la semana) I am going to the garden. (Me voy al jardn.)

Examples:The name of my country is EcuadorI like the Catys car

I like the Anabanthas music

I like the Angie song

I tried to play the guitar

The monts of the year

I leave to the school

The primary colors


41/109

I leave to the work

Uses Of The Definite Article (Usos del

artculo determinado)1. Cuando sabemos de quin o de qu estamos hablando.Utilizamos "the" para indicar algo o alguien en particular,por ello se llama definido. Hablamos de algo o alguienconcreto que tanto el emisor como el receptor del mensajeconocen porque ya ha salido anteriormente en laconversacin o porque los dos lo conocen previamente.

Ejemplos: What is the name of the restaurant? (Cul esel nombre del restaurante?)

Do you remember the day we went to NewYork? (Recuerdas el da que fuimos a NuevaYork?)

Who is the president of the United States?(Quin es el presidente de los EstadosUnidos?)

The doctor is very good. (El mdico es muybueno.)

ExamplesWhat is the name of the city.(Cual es el nombre de la ciudad)

Do you remember the day we went to ITALIA? (Recuerdas el da quefuimos a ITALIA?)

Who is the president of the ECUADOR? (Quin es el presidente de losECUADOR?)

The architet is very good. (El arquitecto es muy bueno.)

1. Con los nombres de regiones geolgicas, cadenas demontaas, mares, ocanos, grupos de islas, ros ypases en plural.

Ejemplos: The United States (Los Estados Unidos)


42/109

The Netherlands (Los Pases Bajos)

The Andes (Las montaas Andes)

The Atlantic Ocean (El ocano Atlntico)

The Canary Islands (Las islas Canarias)

The Nile River (El ro Nilo)

The costal regin

The rocky mountains

The white city

The islands tortoises

The Sierra regin

The Oriental regin

The haway islands

The ecuatorial regin

The Ocean Pacific

The Guayas River

2. Para hacer referencia a direcciones (right, left, top,bottom) y a los puntos cardinales (north, south, east,west).

Ejemplos: the south of France (el sur de Francia) the house on the left (la casa de la izquierda)

the top of the page (arriba de la pgina/la partesuperior de la pgina

Examples:The north of Ecuador

Under the house

In the center of the earth

To the colombia south

The church of the right


43/109

The park of the centerThe north of America (EL NORTE DE AMERICA)

The park of to the front (EL PARQUE DE AL FRENTE)

The later part of the leaf (PARTE POSTERIOR DE LA HOJA)

The southeast of frica (EL SURESTE DE AFRICA)

The house of up (LA CASA DE ARRIBA)

1. Con los adjetivos en grado superlativo y nmerosordinales:

Ejemplos: the tallest building (el edificio ms alto) the strongest man (el hombre ms fuerte) the first time (la primera vez) the second floor (la segunda planta)

Examples: The house but highLA CASA MAS ALTA

The boy but small EL NIO MAS PEQUEO

The tenth time LA DECIMA VEZ

The first plant LA PRIMERA PLANTA

The dog but fat EL PERRO MAS GORDO

The airplane but quick EL AVION MAS RAPIDO

The second time LA SEGUNDA VEZ

The hole but deep EL HUECO MASPROFUNDO

The river but I release EL RIO MAS LARGO

The third plant LA TERCERA PLANTA

The fifth time LA QUINTA VEZ


44/109

The smallest man

The shortes pants

The third place

The littlest mouse

The fourth King

The river but big

The country but small

The man but strong

The city but it cleans

The first part

When Not To Use The Definite Article (Cuando no usamos elartculo determinado)

1. Cuando hablamos de algo en general.

Ejemplos: I like ice cream. (Me gusta el helado.) Math is difficult. (Las matemticas son difciles.)

Examples:I like natural science

I hate math

I like cold places

America is big

Rusia is the biggest continent.The life is beautiful LA VIDA ES HERMOSA

The school is pretty EL COLEGIO ES LINDO

It is rich the chocolate EL CHOCOLATE ES RICO

The rosy one is a pretty color EL ROSADO ES UN COLORLINDO

My dog is brave I like the music

The reading is good

I like to swim

The literature is difficult


45/109

I like the poetry

1. Nunca utilizaremos "the" cuando nos referimos a latelevision, o cuando nos referimos a las horas de las

comidas, los das de la semana, los meses del ao, lasestaciones, los aos o la hora.

Ejemplos: I do not like to watch television [TV]. (No me

gusta verla televisin [tele].) I have an appointment on Monday. (Tengo una

cita el lunes.) We eat breakfast at 9:00. (Comemos el

desayuno [Desayunamos] a las 9:00.)Examples:

I don like to watch american idol

I eat my lunch at 14:00

I like arrive at clases at 7:30

I hate Monday days

I came at home at wednwsday.

I don't like the soccerWe converse in recess

We eat lunch at 12h o'clock

I don't like to dance

1. Con instituciones y modos de transportacin cuandoestamos hablando en general.

Ejemplos: We like school. (Nos gusta la escuela.) I go to work by train. (Voy a trabajo en tren.) They go to church on Sundays. (Van a la iglesia

los domingos.)

My Examples: We like school. (Nos gusta la escuela.)I go to work by train. (Voy a trabajo en tren.)


46/109

We like the song

I go to the school in busThey to the park on Saturday

I go of walk in bicycle

We like to laugh

We like to travel

They to the zoological one on Fridays

I will swim on foot

They to the school in taxi1. No se utiliza el artculo con nombres de ciudades ni

nombres de lugares en general, aunque hay algunasexcepciones como hemos visto en el apartado anterior.Adems, no se utiliza el artculo con lagos o calles.

Ejemplos: I went to Lake Titicaca. (Fui al lago Titicaca.) She lives on Flores Street. (Vive en la calle

Flores.)My Examples:

I went to United states last month

I like to travell to London

I like to know Canada

I see an accident in San Gabriel.

I live in san Gabriel

I went to the city of I RemoveThe Andes lives in the street

I went to the river guayas

I went to the new restaurant

The Indefinite Article (El artculoindeterminado)


47/109

El significado de "a" o "an" es el mismo y se utilizan para indicaralgo o alguien en singular. Nunca lo utilizaremos para referirnos ams de una cosa.

"A" o "an", corresponde a los siguientes artculos en espaol: un,una.

Grammatical Rules (Reglas Gramaticales)

1. "A" se utiliza con nombres que comienzan porconsonante.

Ejemplos: a book (un libro) a pen (un bolgrafo) a chair (una silla) a girl (una chica)

Examples:A tree

A door

A toothpasteA windou

A shirt

A car

A bull

A pencil

A cow

A bicycle1. "An" se usa con nombres que comienzan por vocal.

Ejemplos: an animal (un animal) an ice cream (un helado) an example (un ejemplo) an orange (una naranja) an umbrella (un paraguas)


48/109

Examples:An Apple

An ancientAn opera song

An dayAn angel

An pear

An oil bowl

An house

An montain

An table

Excepciones:

Usamos "a" antes de las palabras que comienzan por laletras "u" o "eu" cuando estas son pronunciadas como elsonido figurado "yu".

Ejemplos: a university (una universidad) a euro (un euro)

Examples:A universo

A dollar

A school

A orange

A house

A market

A church

A river

A cent

A statue

"An" se usa con palabras que comienzan con una "h", peroslo cuando esta no se pronuncia.


49/109

Ejemplos: an hour (una hora)

a hospital (un hospital)Examples:

a leaf

a thread

a home

an egg

a hole

a bonea print

a tool

a horseshoe

a hyena

Uses Of The Indefinite Article (Usos del artculoindeterminado)

1. Se utiliza para hablar de algo en general.

Ejemplos: He has a computer. (El tiene un ordenador.) We work in a school. (Trabajamos en una

escuela.)

I want an orange. (Quiero una naranja.

My Examples:I want a book

I want a cake

I want an orange

We work in a project

We study in a school


50/109

We work in a theater

He has a computer

He has a store

He has a business

I want a scholarship

1. Tambin puedes usarlo en vez de "1".

Ejemplos: I want an apple and two oranges. (Quiero una

manzana y dos naranjas.) There are a hundred students in the school.

(Hay cien estudiantes en la escuela.)

Examples:There are five schools in the city

There are two stores in the neighborhoodI have five rocks

You have two doves

There are three giraffes

I want a chocolate

I have a doll

There are two hundred cars

I want twenty books

I have three hundred colors

You have two pairs of shoes


51/109

There are three beds in my house

1. Se usa para referirnos a una cosa por primera vez. Laprxima vez que nos referimos a esta cosa, utilizaremos elartculo determinado.

Ejemplo: I live in an apartment. The apartment is big.

(Vivo en un piso. El piso es amplio.)

Examples:

study in a school. The School is big

I live in a city. The city is clean

I work in a company. The company is pleasant

I live with my parents. My parents are good

I play in the park. The park is small

I live with my friend. My friend is kindI work in the hospital. The hospital is sad

I travel in the bus. The bus is slow

Slip the museum. The museum is beautiful

I study in the school. The school is particular

1. Se usa para hablar del oficio de alguien o de afiliacinpoltica.

Ejemplos: Maria is a doctor. (Mara es mdico.) Juan is an architect. (Juan es arquitecto.) I am a democrat. (Soy demcrata.)


52/109

Examples:Pedro is veterinary

Your you are honest

He is respectful

Mara is a chauffeur

Norma is Baker

Lola is a nurse.

I am a studentI am revolutionary

Mauricio is painting

Sofia is a teacher

Prepositions (Las preposiciones)Las preposiciones son una de las partes de la lengua inglesa que mscuesta aprender a los hablantes de lengua espaola. Por ello esrecomendable memorizar las diferentes variaciones y usos dependiendo desi hablamos de preposiciones de lugar, movimiento o tiempo. Veremos que

muchas de las preposiciones se repiten en los diferentes apartados. Por ellose recomienda hacer ejercicios prcticos que sean variados y que nosayuden a ver la diferencia entre ellos.En otros casos veremos que habr expresiones que simplementetendremos que memorizar. Es altamente recomendable que el alumno leadiferentes textos de diferentes fuentes para facilitar el aprendizaje.

Son unas de las preposiciones ms comunes que se pueden usar paraindicar lugar o tiempo: in,at and on.

IN


53/109

Significado: en, dentro, dentro deUso (lugar): Se usa para indicar tanto espacios cerrados como espaciosabiertos. Lo utilizamos para indicar que algo est dentro de una cosa, en unlugar cerrado, o en el interior de algo fsicamente. Sin embargo, como

vemos en los ejemplos tambin se utiliza para indicar que se est en unlugar geogrfico.

Ejemplos:

I live in Brighton. (Vivo en Brighton.) The cat is in the box. (El gato est dentro la caja.) I found your address in the phone book. (He encontrado tu direccin en la

gua telefnica.) My parents arrive in France on Monday. (Mis padres llegan a Francia el

lunes.)

EJEMPLOS:

She is in the table.I live in San Gabriel.The dog is in the house.She live in Mexico.The pencil is in the table.The board is in the school.The eraser is in the table.Carlos live in Bogot.Juan live in Macas.

Uso (tiempo): Lo utilizamos con meses, aos, pocas, partes del da, yperodos de tiempo (duracin).

Ejemplos:

We went to Mexico in May. (Fuimos a Mjico en mayo.) I always run in the mornings. (Siempre corro por las maanas.) I will see him in a week. (Le ver en una semana.) She was born in 1976. (Naci en 1976.)

EXAMPLES.We went to Canada in September.You went to Esmeraldas in December.He went to Ibarra in May.She went to Tulcn.Carlos was born in 1827.I always arrive the afternoon.I will see you in one month.Juan died in 1966.Carlos lives in medellin.

He died in September of 1991.


54/109

ATSignificado: en, a, al, cerca de, tocandoUso (lugar): Se usa delante de edificios como casas, aeropuertos,

universidades (para indicar que estamos dentro), antes de "top" (partesuperior), "bottom" (parte inferior), "the end of" (al final de), para indicaracontecimientos como reuniones, fiestas, conciertos, deportes, etc..., detrsde "arrive" (llegar) cuando nos referimos a lugares que no sean ciudades opases.

Ejemplos:

He is athome. (l est en casa.) I always visit my sisteratwork. (Siempre visito a mi hermana en el trabajo.) We eatatthe table. (Comemos en la mesa.) I will see him atthe theatre. (Le ver en el teatro.) Her name is atthe bottom of the page. (Su nombre est en la parte inferior

de la pgina.) When did you arrive atthe airport?(Cundo llegaste al aeropuerto?)

PlayUso (tiempo): Lo utilizamos delante de la hora y de fiestas.

Ejemplos:

He runs every morningat6. (l corre cada maana a las 6.) I will see them atChristmas. (Les ver en Navidad.)

Mara eats in the morning at 5 o'clockSalome walks in the afternoon at 6:30 o'clock.

We eat in the house.They walk in the park.He is in the church.Pedro this in the park.Rosa works in the market.We study in the afternoonWe read in the night.

ONSignificado: sobre, encima de algo, tocandoUso (lugar): Se coloca delante de nombres de lugares con base comomesas, suelos, etc, cuando nos referimos a lugares de una habitacincomo techo o pared y para indicar que alguien est dentro de un transportepblico o en una planta de un edificio.

Ejemplos:

The pen is on the table. (El bolgrafo est sobre la mesa.) They have a photograph of Paris on the wall. (Tienen una foto de Pars en la

pared.) I am on the bus. (Estoy en el autobs.) Her apartment is on the second floor. (Su piso est en la segunda planta.)
http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/prepositions-03.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/prepositions-03.mp3


55/109

EXAMPLES.The pizarrn is in the wall.And l clock is in the wall.Tita this in the bus.

Juan is in the moto.My house this in the second floor.Carlos lives in the third floor.The draft is in the tableThe handbag is in the seatThe computer is in the table.

Uso (tiempo): Lo utilizamos con das de la semana, fechas y fiestas.

Ejemplos:

We went to Mexico on the first of May. (Fuimos a Mjico a primeros demayo.)

He runs on Mondays and Fridays. (l corre los lunes y los viernes.) I will see Luis on his birthday. (Ver a Luis en su cumpleaos.)

Examples:Carlos went to machala in December.Lisa went to Spain in September.He walks on Thursdays and on Saturdays.She studies on Sundays in the afternoon.I will see Martha in their marriage.I will see to luis in their party.Pedro eats in the restaurant on Mondays and on Saturdays.Juan attended the church on Tuesdays and on Fridays.He writes a book on Thursdays and on Sundays.io

Las preposiciones de lugarse colocan detrs del verbo principal, quesuele ser el verbo "to be" (estar, ser) en cualquiera de los tiempos pasados,presentes o futuros y en sus formas tanto simples como compuestas.

NEXT TO (BESIDE)Significado: al lado de, junto aUso: Tanto "next to" como "beside" se pueden utilizar indistintamente.Utilizar una forma u otra depender del hablante y del contexto.

Ejemplos:

The supermarket is next to (beside) the bank. (El supermercado est juntoal banco.)

Sitnext to (beside) me. (Sintate a mi lado.)EXAMPLES:The church this next to the park.The office this next to Mara's house.


56/109

The market this next to the butcher shop.My house this next to the church.The park this next to the office.The bank this next to Juan's house.

Police's station this next to the Pan-American one.The radio this next to the central market.The market of clothes this next to the theater.

BYSignificado: cerca, al lado de, junto aUso: Se puede utilizar en los mismos contextos que "next to" pero elsignificado de "by" es ms como "cerca" en castellano.

Ejemplos:

I sitbythe window. (Me siento a lado de la ventana.) Our house is bythe river. (Nuestra casa est cerca del rio.)

EXAMPLES:The church is next to the bank.The restaurant is next to the police station.The bank is next to the church.My house is next to the river.Rosas house is nexto the marketShe live nexto the parkHe dancing next to the bar.

They listen to music nexto the bank.

BETWEENSignificado: entre

Ejemplos:

The shop is between the bank and the train station. (La tienda est entre elbanco y la estacin de tren.)

She is standingbetween Peter and John. (Permanece de pie entre Pedro yJuan.)

Examples:

The table this between the bed and the closet.The cook this between the table and the refrigerator.The computer this between the closet and the table.I am stopped between carlos and juan.The seat this between the refrigerator and the ccosina.The broom this between the dog and the cat.The supermarket this between the park and the church.The restaurant this between the park and the church.

Carlos this between Mara and Rosa.


57/109

BEHINDSignificado: detrs de

Ejemplos:

The church is behindthe school. (La iglesia est detrs de la escuela.) He is standingbehindyou. (Est de pie detrs de ti.)

Play

IN FRONT OF vs. OPPOSITESignificado: contrario, en frente de, opuesto, delante deUsos: La diferencia entre ellos es cuando estamos hablando de personas,"in front of" no implica estar delante y cara a cara, en cambio "opposite"significa delante y cara a cara.

Ejemplos:

The hotel is in front ofthe station. (El hotel est en frente de la estacin.) The bank is opposite the market. (El banco est delante del mercado.) He is standingin front ofyou. (Est de pie delante de ti.) She is sittingopposite me. (Est sentando en frente mo.)

Play

UNDERSignificado: debajo de

Ejemplos:

The ball is underthe chair. (La pelota est debajo la silla.) The dog is underthe tree. (El perro est debajo del rbol.)

Examples:

The cat is under the table.The dog is under the tree.The pencil is under the chair.The be is under the flower.The fly flew under the tree

ABOVESignificado: por encima sin tocar
http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/prepositions-09.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/prepositions-10.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/prepositions-09.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/prepositions-10.mp3


58/109

Ejemplo:

The clock is above the table. (El reloj est por encima de la mesa.)Nota: La traduccin literal puede llevar a confusin cuando la traducimos alcastellano, ya que en castellano diramos: "el reloj est colgado en la

pared." Si quisiramos especificar diramos: "y por debajo en la mismapared est apoyada la mesa."Play

BELOW

Significado: por debajo sin tocar

Ejemplo:

The table is belowthe clock. (La mesa est por debajo del reloj.)Nota: Como en el caso anterior, la traduccin literal de "below" puede llevar

a confusin. En este caso diramos que la mesa est apoyada en la mismapared en la que se encuentra el reloj colgado un poco ms arriba.

EXAMPLES:

The door is below the window.The car is below the river.The telephone is below the table.The clock is below the door.The pencil is below the table.The eraser is below the door.The ruler is below the window.me (Preposiones de tiempo)

BEFORESignificado: antes, antes deUso: Se coloca detrs de verbos y nombres o sustantivos.

Ejemplos:

Ring [call] me before one. (Llmame antes de la una.) They arrivedbefore me. (Llegaron antes que yo.)

They arrived before timeThey played before twelve o'clockYou call me before the breakfastLend me before recessWe see each other before seven o'clock
http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/prepositions-12.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/prepositions-12.mp3


59/109

AFTERSignificado: despus, despus de, trasUso: Se coloca tras verbos y nombres o sustantivos.

Ejemplos:

We will see youafterthe movie. (Te veremos despus de la pelcula.) I arrivedafterthem. (Llegue despus de ellos.)

I will see you after the partyYou arrived after CristinaWe will see each other after massYou will go after herWe will see each other after the dinner

DURINGSignificado: duranteUso: Puede ir seguido de verbos y nombres o sustantivos.

Ejemplos:

Dont talkduringthe movie. (No hables durante la pelcula.) I dont like to watch television duringthe day. (No me gusta ver la televisin

durante el da.)

Don't speak during the food

Don't eat during the mass

Don't laugh during the meeting

I don't like to leave during the night

Don't bother during the class

FORSignificado: duranteUso: Se coloca detrs de verbos y nombres o sustantivos. Aunquesignifique lo mismo que "during" no tienen exactamente el mismo matiz.Este se utiliza para expresar un perodo de tiempo ya sean das, horas,meses o aos.

Ejemplos:


60/109

I lived in Englandforthree years. (Viv en Inglaterra durante tres aos.) He studied for the exam forone week. (Estudi para el examen durante una

semana.)

I took a bath during one hourConverse for telephone during five minutesTravel during five hoursI played the soccer game during twenty minutesI slept during eight hours

WHILESignificado: mientrasUso: Se coloca tras verbos y nombres o sustantivos.

Ejemplos:

I will workwhile I can. (Trabajar mientras pueda.) He calledwhile we were out. (Llam mientras estbamos fuera.)

As while he/she waits

He/she sings while he/she takes a bath

He/she paints while it relaxes himself

He/she converses while he/she waits

I will sleep while he/she can

TOSignificado: hacia, direccin a (siempre indica movimiento)Uso: Se coloca detrs de los verbos de movimiento como ir, venir, volver,caminar, volar, etcEjemplos:

Ejemplos:

They came to the wedding. (Vinieron a la boda.) Sofia flewto Canada. (Sofia vol a Canad.)

The wine to the party.

She studies in the school of Ibarra.

Carlos flew to mexico.

Juan in route to the house


61/109

Pedro travels to the Chinese.

Lisandro in route to the corner.

The wine to the wedding.She came to the house.

They traveled to Juan's house.

Prepositions (Preposiciones)

Leccin gramtica: Prepositions

Completa las siguientes cuestiones y haz clic en el botn -Corregir Ejercicio-

para obtener la correccin de este ejercicio.

Principio del formularioQ1 of 20: There are many tourists ___ New York.

in

at

to

Q2 of 20: I met him ____ the South of Spain.

on

at

in
http://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/preposic.phphttp://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/preposic.php


62/109

Q3 of 20: My flat [apartment] is ___ the first floor.

on

at

in

Q4 of 20: The meeting is ___ 3:30.

on

at

in

Q5 of 20: I'm going to Mexico City ___ this weekend.

at

on

-

Q6 of 20: We often go to the beach ___ the summer.

in

at

on

Q7 of 20: My birthday is ___ the 10th of June.


63/109

at

on

in

Q8 of 20: His birthday is ___ May.

-

on

in

Q9 of 20: Every year I go home ___ Christmas.

at

on

in

Q10 of 20: Peter and Susan always go to church ___Christmas day.

on

at

in

Q11 of 20: We are getting married __ the spring.


64/109

at

in

on

Q12 of 20: John lives near ___ Barcelona.

in

at

-

Q13 of 20: What time do you eat ___ the afternoon?

on

at

in

Q14 of 20: He goes ___ discotechs every night.

to

-

in

Q15 of 20: Where is Alex? He is ___ his apartment.


65/109

at

in

on

Q16 of 20: Sally is talking ___ Michael.

to

at

-

Q17 of 20: Where are you flying ___?

at

to

on

Q18 of 20: We are meeting ___ the restaurant.

to

on

at

Q19 of 20: When do your parents arrive ___ Spain?


66/109

in

to

at

Q20 of 20: She will arrive ___ ten minutes.

on

in

at

Final del formulario

Nouns (Los nombres)Los nombres se usan para referirse a personas, animales, cosas y objetos, eventos,lugares o ideas abstractas. Como hemos visto en la leccin sobre los artculos, losnombres no tienen gnero.

Ejemplos:


67/109

teacher (profesor)

dog (perro)

ball (pelota)

table (mesa) party (fiesta)

house (casa)

happiness (felicidad)

EXAMPLES:Car

Pencil

Board

Table.

Fly

Bee

Plural Nouns (Los nombres plurales)A la mayora de nombres se les agrega una "-s" al final para formar el plural.

Ejemplos:

camera / cameras (cmara/s)

pen / pens (bolgrafo/s) house / houses (casa/s)

car / cars (coche/s)

EXAMPLES.

Cars

Dogs

Teachers

Architects

Doctors

Kookies.

books

toys

choices

Excepciones:


68/109

1. Palabras que terminan en consonante + "y": la "y" cambia a "i" y aadimos"es"

Ejemplos:

party / parties (fiesta/s) city / cities (cuidad/es)

EXAMPLES:city cities (ciudad)

Party Parties Fiesta Fiestas

Puppy Puppies

Cachorro Cachorros

Library Libraries Biblioteca Bibliotecas

Country Countries Pas PasesBaby Babies Beb Bebs

Sky Skies Cielo Cielos

Lady Ladies Seora Seoras

Fly Flies Mosca

Moscas Company.

Palabras que terminan en vocal + "y": aadimos una "s".

Ejemplos:

boy / boys (chico/s)

toy / toys (juguete/s)

EXAMPLES:ENJOYSPLAYSBUYS

FRYSMARRYSCOPYSCRYSDRYSEMPLOYSFLYSPAYSSAYSSTAYS

2. Palabras que terminan en "s", "ss", "sh", "ch", "x", "o": aadimos "es"


69/109

Ejemplos:

bus / buses (bus/es)

glass / glasses (copa/s)

brush / brushes (cepillo/s) watch / watches (reloj/es)

box / boxes (caja/s)

tomato / tomatoes (tomate/s)

EXAMPLES:Lunch lunches

bus busesbrush brusheswatch watchesbox boxestomato tomatoes

party - partiescity cities.

3. Palabras que terminan en "f" o "fe": cambiamos la "f" o "fe" por "ves"

Ejemplos: leaf / leaves (hoja/s)

wife / wives (esposa/s)

EXAMPLES:Wolf Wolves Lobo Lobos

Life Lives Vida Vidas

Thief Thieves Ladrn Ladrones

Knife Knives Cuchillo Cuchillos

Shelf Shelves Estante Estantes

Half Halves Mitad Mitades

Leaf Leaves Hoja Hojas

Wife Wives Esposa Esposas

Dwarf Dwarves Enano Enanos


70/109

Irregular Plural Nouns (Plurales irregulares)Muchos sustantivos se pluralizan de un modo irregular. Existen dos casos:

1. Cuando el singular y plural no cambian.

Ejemplos:

Singular

fish (pez o pescado)

sheep (oveja)

Plural

fish (peces o pescados)

fishes

sheep (ovejas)

sheeps

EXAMPLES:sheep cordero(s)

deer venado(s)

moose alce(s)

fish pez(c-es)

trout trucha(s)

salmonsalmn(es)

bass lobina (s)

series serie(s)

means medios

speciesespecie(s)

Chinese chino(s)

Japanese japons(es)

Swiss suizo(s)

2. Cuando el plural vara de modo irregular. Por lo tanto, no existe regla lacual se pueda seguir y hay que aprenderse las formas irregulares de cada uno.

Singular Significado Plural Significadoman Hombre men hombreswoman Mujer women mujeres

child Nio children nios


71/109

person Persona people personas/gentetooth Diente teeth dientesfoot Pie feet pies

mouse Ratn mice ratones

Adjectives (Adjetivos)

Un adjetivo es una palabra que acompaa y modifica al nombre. Puedeampliar, complementar o cuantificar su tamao. Son palabras que nombrano indican cualidades, rasgos y propiedades de los nombres o sustantivos a

los que acompaan. Ejemplos:

the tallman (el hombre alto)a happychild(un nio contento)a darkstreet(una calle oscura)a Spanish woman (una mujer espaola)the redball(la pelota roja)a coldwinter(un invierno fro)the glass table (la mesa de vidrio)

EJEMPLOSThat Porsche was the most expensive car in the dealer.I'm the youngest man in the family.I think that driving a motorcicle is the most dangerous way to travel.We went to a fancy restaurant, where I ate the best dessert they had.I believe that drowning is the worst way of die.My sister is the most intelligent student in her class.At the museum, they had the oldest book i've ever seen.Although me and my brother are twins, he's always been the tallest.I believe hotmail is the best email provider.

My mom is the greatest cook i know


72/109

Types of djectives (Tipos de adjetivos)

El ingls tiene seis clases de adjetivos:

1. Descriptive/Qualitative (Calificativos)fat (gordo),blue (azul),nice (simptico),hot (caliente),young (joven),round (redondo),long (largo),early (temprano)...

EJEMPLOS

big (big) - grandelarge (lardch) - grandehuge - enormesmall - pequeotiny- diminutoheavy- pesadolight - livianothick - gruesothin- delgadowide - anchohigh - elevado

low - bajotall - altoshort - corto, bajolong - largomedium - medionarrow - angostodeep - profundoshallow - playobroad - ancho

2. Demonstrative (Demostrativos)this (esto),that (eso),these (estos),those (esos)

EJEMPLOS

these

that


73/109

Those

3. Quantitative (Cuantitativos)some (alguno/s),

any (alguno/s, ninguno),many (mucho/s),much(mucho)...

EJEMPLOS

some books

any persons

4. Interrogative (Interrogativos)

which? (cul?),what? (qu?),where? (dnde?),how? (cmo?)...

EJEMPLOS

Which is the book

What is the cuestin

5. Possessive (Posesivos)

my(mi),your(tu),his (su),our(nuestro)...

6. Numeric (Nmeros)one (uno),four(cuatro),first (primero),third (tercero)...

EJEMPLOS

Six

Sevent

Eigth

Grammatical Rules (Reglas gramaticales)


74/109

1. El adjetivo casi siempre se sita antes del nombre, como hemos visto enel principio de esta leccin. Aunque en algunos casos, dependen del verbo,y entonces el adjetivo se sita detrs del verbo. Estos verbos incluyen:to be (ser/estar),

to become (ponerse),to feel (sentirse),to look(parecer),to seem (parecer),to smell (oler),to taste (gustar)

Ejemplos:

She looks [seems]tired. (Parece cansada.)Ifeelgood. (Me siento bien.)

Itsmells bad. (Huele mal.)You are beautiful. (Eres guapa.)

2. El adjetivo en ingls no tiene gnero.fast(rpido/a),

good (bueno/a),cold (frio/a),tall (alto/a)...

EJEMPLOSBig

bad

3. En general, los adjetivos no tienen una forma plural. Solo los adjetivosdemostrativos y cuantitativos tienen formas diferentes para el singular y elplural:

Demostrativos:

this pencil(este lpiz)thesepencils (estos lpices)

Cuantitativos:

much money(mucho dinero)manybooks (muchos libros)

4. Podemos usar dos o ms adjetivos juntos. Ejemplos:

a small blackbook(un libro pequeo y negro)apretty Spanish woman (una mujer espaola guapa)a large glass table (una mesa grande de vidrio)


75/109

a wonderful oldcity(una ciudad antigua y maravillosa)EJEMPLOS

Maria is small

The table is big

Como norma general, seguimos el siguiente orden cuando utilizamosvarios adjetivos:

Tipo de adjetivo Ejemplos

opinin /valordelicious, wonderful, nice,pretty ...

tamao y longitud short, large, small, tall ...

edad / temperatura new, old, young, hot, cold

...forma y superficie round, fat, thin, square ...color red, black, blue, green ...

origenSpanish, American,Columbian ...

material silver, cotton, paper,iron ...

Uso electric, political ...

nombrebath (towel)

EJEMPLOS

The aple is delicius

The pencil is red.

EVALUACION

Spanish/beautiful/a/woman/young

aa beautiful young Spanish woman

glass/a/round/small/table

aa small round glass table

French/city/a/old/wonderful

aa wonderful old French city


76/109

a/blue/cotton/bath/towel/large

aa large blue cotton bath towel

fat/brown/cats/two

atwo fat brown cats

red/new/a/car/fast

aa fast new red car

day/a/cold/winter/long

aa long cold winter day

small/three/books/black

athree small black books

big/red/a/apple/delicious

aa delicious big red apple

man/an/Canadian/old/intelligent

aan intelligent old Canadian man

LECCION 6

Verbs (Los verbos)Los verbos son palabras que indican acciones, existencia (ser/estar),

posesin (tener) o nimo.En ingls, usamos la preposicin "to" para formar el infinitivo, por ejemplo:"to talk" (hablar), "to eat" (comer), "to change" (cambiar), etc.Los verbos son la parte de la oracin ms complicada. Hay muchos tipos deverbos. El verbo puede indicar la accin principal. Un verbo auxiliar aadedetalle a la accin o ayuda el verbo principal (tambin se llaman "verboscomplementarios"). Los verbos modales aaden modalidad. Los verbostransitivos conectan un sujeto con un objeto. Otros verbos slo necesitan unsujeto (verbos intransitivos). Hay verbos que estn compuestos de ms deuna palabra (verbos frasales). Los verbos pueden ser activos o pasivos. Porahora y en este nivel, nos concentraremos en los usos de los verbos

principales y auxiliares.


77/109

Adems de los muchos tipos y usos de los verbos, necesitamos conjugarverbos. La conjugacin de los verbos depende del sujeto y del tiempo. Enlas siguientes lecciones y niveles, hay explicaciones para las conjugacionesdel tiempo. En este nivel, slo vamos a estudiar el tiempopresente simplede

los verbos.Algunos de los verbos ms comunes en ingls: To be (ser/estar) To have (tener/haber) To do (hacer) To make (hacer) To take (tomar/coger) To get (conseguir) To go (ir) To come (venir) To leave (salir/irse)

To know (saber/conocer) To like (gustar) To want (querer) To feel (sentirse) To begin (empezar) To end, finish (acabar/terminar) To stay (quedarse) To change (cambiar) To wait (esperar) To put (poner) To be able (poder)

To think (pensar) To believe (creer) To hope, wish (esperar) To look (mirar) To see (ver) To call (US) / To ring (UK) (llamar) To read (leer) To write (escribir) To listen (escuchar) To eat (comer) To drink (beber)

To learn (aprender) To teach (ensear)

Auxiliary Verbs (Verbos auxiliares)Hay tres verbos importantes en ingls que se pueden usar como verbosprincipales o verbos auxiliares: "to be", "to have" y "to do". Dependiendo deluso, el significado cambia pero la conjugacin es siempre la misma.

To be (ser/estar)
http://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/past_simple.phphttp://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/past_simple.php


78/109

Como en espaol, este verbo es muy importante y lo usamos mucho. Almismo tiempo, es un verbo irregular en todos los tiempos. Adems, laconstruccin de frases negativas e interrogativas es diferente a comoconstruimos las de los otros verbos, como veremos en la leccin

de construir frases. Tambien, usamos este verbo para construir el presentecontinuo, como veremos luego. Por lo tanto, es importante entender bien laconjugacin de este verbo.

Sujeto Presente simple

I am

You, We, They are

He, She, It is

To have (haber)

Este verbo significa "tener" cuando lo usamos como verbo principal ysignifica "haber" cuando se usa como verbo auxiliar. Aprenderemos mssobre el uso del verbo "to have" como auxiliar en la leccin sobre pretritoperfecto. Por ahora es importante tener en cuenta que se puede usar esteverbo en las dos situaciones y es un verbo irregular.


I, You, We, They have

He, She, It has

To do

Este verbo significa "hacer" cuando lo usamos como verbo principal. No hayuna traduccin directa en espaol para este verbo cuando se usa comoverbo auxiliar. Este verbo auxiliar adems es necesario para construir las

frases negativas e interrogativas. Tambin se puede usar en frasesafirmativas para dar nfasis.


I, You, We, They do

He, She, It does
http://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/negativas-interrogativas.phphttp://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/pcontin.phphttp://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/pcontin.phphttp://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/pcontin.phphttp://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/present-perfect.phphttp://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/present-perfect.phphttp://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/negativas-interrogativas.phphttp://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/pcontin.phphttp://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/pcontin.phphttp://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/present-perfect.phphttp://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/present-perfect.php


79/109

Short forms (Formas cortas)

En ingls, el uso de las formas cortas es muy comn, en particular seutilizan en el lenguaje coloquial y en situaciones informales.Los verbos en el presente que tienen formas cortas son "to be" (ser/estar) y"to have"/"have got" (tener). "To do" (forma auxiliar) tiene una forma corta,pero slo en el negativo.

1. To be

Afirmativo

Formacorta

Negativo Forma corta

I am I'm I amnot

I'm not

You are You'reYouare not

You're not/You aren't

He is He's He isnot He's not/He isn't

She is She's She isnotShe's not/She isn't

It is It's It is not It's not/It isn't

We are We'reWe arenot

We're not/We aren't

Theyare

They're

Theyare not

They're not/Theyaren't

Ejemplos:

I'm happy. (Estoy contento.)You're tall. (Eres alto.)

She's pretty. (Es guapa.)It's 10:00. (Son las 10h.)He's not here./He isn't here. (No est aqui.)They're not Spanish./They aren't Spanish. (No son espaoles.)

2. To have/have got


80/109

Ejemplos:

I've got a car.(Tengo un coche.)

You've got blue eyes. (Tienes ojos azules.)He'sgot big feet. (Tiene pies grandes.)

It's [the cat] not got a home./Ithasn'tgot a home. (No tiene casa.)They've not got children./Theyhaven'tgot children. (No tienen hijos.)3. Nota: Para "have got" solemos usar la forma corta en el presente en vez de

la forma larga. No usamos la forma corta de "to have" para indicarposesin. Veremos ejemplos del uso de la forma corta de "to have" en laleccin del presente perfecto.

Para indicar posesin, no podemos decir:

o I've car.

o He's blue eyes.

4. To do Negativo Forma cortaI do not I don'tYou do not You don'tHe does not He doesn'tShe does not She doesn'tIt does not It doesn'tWe do not We don'tThey do not They don't

Ejemplos:

Afirmativo Formacorta Negativo Forma corta

I have I've I havenot

I've not/I haven't

You have You've You havenot

You've not/You haven't

He has He's He hasnot He's not/He hasn't

She has She's She hasnot She's not/She hasn't

It has It's It has not It's not/It hasn't

We have We've We havenot

We've not/We haven't

They have They've Theyhave not

They've not/They haven't
http://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/present-perfect.phphttp://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/present-perfect.php


81/109

Idon'tknow.(No s.)She doesn'tlike ice cream. (No le gusta el helado.)Itdoesn'tsnow here. (No nieva aqu.)We don'thave children.(No tenemos hijos.)

5. Nota: Hay ms informacin sobre el uso del auxiliar en las leccionessobre construir frases ylos verbos6. Adems de los pronombres personales, podemos usar formas cortas con

pronombres interrogativos y las palabras "here" (aqu), "there" (all) y "that"(eso).

Ejemplos:

Where's the concert?(Dnde es el concierto?)Who's that?(Quin es?)How's your father?(Cmo est tu padre?)Here's the book. (Aqu est el libro.)That's mine. (Eso es mo.)

Forma larga Forma cortaWhat is What'sWho is Who'sWhen is When'sWhere is Where'sHow is How'sHere is Here'sThere is There'sThat is That's

Continuous Verb Tenses (Tiemposcontinuos de los verbos)

A continuacin tenemos la lista de los verbos que no podemos usar en lostiempos continuos. La lista se encuentra clasificada en grupos segn el tipo.En general, son verbos estticos y no de actividad (dinmicos). Algunos deestos verbos pueden tener dos significados, uno de accin y otro esttico. Si

hay ms de un significado para un mismo verbo, encontrars el significadoque no podemos usar en los tiempos continuos con la traduccin al espaol.

1. Los verbos de sentido:o Ejemplos:

o Involuntaria:

o I (can) see you. (Te veo.)

o I am seeing you.
http://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/negativas-interrogativas.phphttp://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/verbos.phphttp://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/negativas-interrogativas.phphttp://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/verbos.php


82/109

o It smells like you are cooking something. (Huele como que estscocinando algo.)

o It is smelling like you are cooking something.

o Voluntaria:

o I am seeing you later, right? (Te ver luego, no?)

o I see you later, right?

o I am tasting the soup to see if it is as good as it smells. (Estoyprobando la sopa para ver si es tan buena como huele. )

o I taste the soup right now.

feel (el tacto), hear, see (ver o entender

), smell (tener un olor), taste (tener un sabor)

Si la percepcin es voluntaria, se puede usar la forma continua.

Nota: Usamos el verbo "to listen" para oir de forma voluntaria.2. Verbos emotivos: Ejemplos:

o You're lying. I don't believe you!

o You're lying. I am not believing you!

o Don't worry, he understands you.

o Don't worry, he is understanding you.

o You think there is something wrong?

o You are thinking there is something wrong?

believe (creer), dislike (nogustar), doubt (dudar), imagine (imaginar), hate (odiar),know (saber,conocer), like (gustar), love (encantar, amar,querer), prefer(preferir),realize (darcuenta), recognize (reconocer), remember(recordar,acordarse), suppose(suponer), think (creer), understand (entender,comprender), want (querer), wish (esperar)

3. Verbos de estado o verbos abstractos:


83/109

Ejemplos:

o I am ill.

o I am being ill. o You are silly. (*Significa que "eres tonto.")

o You are being silly. (*Significa que "ahora te ests portando como un

tonto.")

o Otros ejemplos:

o David needs a new car.

o David is needing a new car.

o Cigarettes cost 5 euros now.

o Cigarettes are costing 5 euros now.I don't care if you don't like it, you

are going to eat it! I'm not caring if you are not liking it, you are going to eat it!

be (ser,estar), cost(costar), seem (parecer), need (necesitar), care (importar), contain(contener), exist (existir)

Normalmente, "to be" es un verbo esttico pero podemos usarlo tambinpara hablar del comportamiento. Entonces, si lo usamos para referirnos a laconducta de alguien, podemos usar el tiempo continuo.

4. Verbos de posesin: Ejemplos:

o I have [I've got] a car.

o I am having a car.

o I am having dinner right now.

o I have dinner right now.

o Otros ejemplos:

o Ann owned a house when she lived in New York.

o Ann was owning a house when she lived in New York.o That belongs to me!

o That is belonging to me!

belong (pertenecer), have (poseer), possess (poseer), own (poseer)


84/109

Cuando usamos "to have" para refirirnos a algo que poseemos (una cosa,una cantidad, etc.), no podemos usarlo en el tiempo continuo. Pero si esparte de una expresin, podemos usarlo en el continuo.

5. Verbos de comunicacin:

agree (acordar), astonish (asombrar), deny (negar), disagree (no estar deacuerdo),impress (impresionar), mean (significar), please (agradar), promise (prometer), satisfy(satisfacer), surprise (sorprender)

Ejemplos:

I disagree, I think it's a great idea.

I am disagreeing, I am thinking it's a great idea.

You suprised me!

You were surprising me!

LECCION 7

Continuous Verb Tenses (Tiemposcontinuos de los verbos)

A continuacin tenemos la lista de los verbos que no podemos usar en los

tiempos continuos. La lista se encuentra clasificada en grupos segn el tipo.En general, son verbos estticos y no de actividad (dinmicos). Algunos deestos verbos pueden tener dos significados, uno de accin y otro esttico. Sihay ms de un significado para un mismo verbo, encontrars el significadoque no podemos usar en los tiempos continuos con la traduccin al espaol.

1. Los verbos de sentido:o Ejemplos:

o Involuntaria:

o I (can) see you. (Te veo.)o I am seeing you.

o It smells like you are cooking something. (Huele como que estscocinando algo.)

o It is smelling like you are cooking something.

o Voluntaria:

o I am seeing you later, right? (Te ver luego, no?)

o I see you later, right?


85/109

o I am tasting the soup to see if it is as good as it smells. (Estoyprobando la sopa para ver si es tan buena como huele. )

o I taste the soup right now.

feel (el tacto), hear, see (ver o entender), smell (tener un olor), taste (tenerun sabor)

Si la percepcin es voluntaria, se puede usar la forma continua.

Nota: Usamos el verbo "to listen" para oir de forma voluntaria.

2. Verbos emotivos: Ejemplos:

o You're lying. I don't believe you!

o You're lying. I am not believing you!

o Don't worry, he understands you.

o Don't worry, he is understanding you.

o You think there is something wrong?

o You are thinking there is something wrong?

believe (creer), dislike (nogustar), doubt (

tarea okokok

Documents