socio ch 1
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SOCIOLOGYANTHROPOLOGYSO-AN)Erl d. melitante, MAN, RN
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ociologyDerived from:
Socius: associates
Logus:science or the study
Socius + Logus= science of associates(scientific study of human society)
Define as:
is the scientific study of humansocial relationship with specialemphasis upon groups andinstitution
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This simply means:
it is a study of social interaction
taking place among individual ina social group
it focuses on all kinds of social
interactions (social acts, socialrelationships, socialorganization, and social
processes)
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it does not only describe the
social behavior but it alsoconcerned on the explanation ofsuch social behavior
it also scientifically study socialproblems like race relation,crime, divorce, etc
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Concerns of Sociology:
Social Organization involves the study of family, social
groups, economy, social
stratification, laws, politics, andeducation
Social Psychology
studies human nature andpersonality as the product of grouplife, social attitudes, and collective
behavior
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Social Change and Disorganization
concerned with change in cultureand social relations and theattendant disruption that mayoccur
Population
analyzes population number,composition, change, and qualityas they influence and areinfluenced by the social, economic
and political order
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Human Ecology
deals with the human behavior ofa given population in relation toits environment and theemergence of the spatial
relations between the people andenvironment
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Sociological Theory and Methods
includes theory building and
testing the applicability of theprinciples of group life as thebases for the prediction and
control of the individuals socialenvironment
Applied Sociology
use and application of the findingsof pure sociological research onthe various aspects and problemsof daily life
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The Sociological
Imagination
it is a quality of mind, a capacity tounderstand the interplay of man
and society, of biography andhistory, of self and the world
this is the ability to understand therelationship between ones life asan individual and the social forcesthat influence it
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This will also enables the personto understand and seek solutionsto the confusion and problem in
society
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Anthropology
Derived from:Anthropos: human
Logia: discourse/study
Anthropos+logia= the study ofhumanity
Define as:
a scientific study of humanity, thesimilarities and diversity ofcultures , and attempts to present
an integrated picture of mankind
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Unifying Theme ofAnthropology
Universalism
- all people arefully and
equally humanwhether theybelong to
indigenousgroups orurbanized class
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all the people on earth belong toone species, Homo Sapiens
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Integration
views at all societies as an
integrated part of a large worldsystem
kinship and family, economy, art,
politics, religion areinterwoven to form a socialwhole
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Adaptation
- study how humans are affected bythe surrounding and environmentand what adjustment they make
Holism- this means getting the whole
picture of a phenomenon and the
application of knowledge fromdifferent fields in order tounderstand an aspect of behavior
C d Fi ld f
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Concerns and Fields ofAnthropology
Biological or Physical Anthropology
Evolutionary
-seeks to understand how and why
humans evolve
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BiologicalVariation
-describe andexplains the
pattern of
human diversityand to explainwhy differenceexist as well asthe mechanicsof growth anddevelopment
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SocioculturalAnthropology
-focus on the
social andcultural
inheritance ofhumankind, itsorigin and
history(societies andculture)
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anthropologists
explore society
through itsculture andlifeways in
order to explainculturaldifferences andsimilaritiesbased on thedata gathered
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Archaeology
has the same concerned withsociocultural anthropology,however, archeology is focused
on extinct societies whilesociocultural anthropologyfocused on the existing societies
it tries to reconstruct the culturalevents of the past through thematerial remains
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Archaeology
Prehistoric
Archaeology- study remains
of societies
that did notleave writtenrecords
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Historical Archaeology
- studies remains of societies with
written recordsEthnology
- concentrates on the diverse
cultures of the present throughethnography
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- analyze thestructure and
function ofhumans, therole of theindividual insociety, andthedevelopment of
personality asrelated tocultural
traditions
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Ethnography:
a fieldworkthroughdirect
interactionwith thepeopleconcerned(immersion)
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Linguistics
- the study of human language, itscomplex system of symbols, and itsdevelopment
Descriptive Linguistics- concerned with how language are
constructed and how its parts(sounds and grammar) areinterrelated to form systems ofcommunication
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Historical Linguistics
- focuses on how language growsand change
Sociolinguistics
- centers on the relationshipbetween language and socialfactors (age, class, gender, and
ethnicity)
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Psycholinguistics
-analyzes the ways in which thelanguage affects our behavior,beliefs, values, and thinking, and
in turn how these factors affectour linguistic pattern
Applied Anthropology
-application of the findings
C i f F B t
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Comparison of Focus BetweenSociology and Anthropology
Sociology AnthropologySocial Organization Biological/Physical Anthropology
Social Psychology Socio-cultural
Anthropology
Social Change and
Disorganization
Archaeology
Population Ethnology
Human Ecology Applied Anthropology
Sociological Theory and
Methods
Applied Sociology
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The Relationship Between
Sociology and Anthropology
Similarities:
study everyday occurrences in thesociety (social issues)
interested in the and generaluniformities in social behavior andsocial relationships
attempts to understand the way oflife of various cultural groups
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both exchanges data from theirresearches and studies toconfirm each others results
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Differences:
Sociology Anthropology
Interested in the wider,
complex and changeable
modern societies
Interested on ancient &
simple tribe (connecting the
past to present)
Concerned with socialplanning
Does not give anysuggestion for the future
society
Methods:
Quantitative: statistics,
survey, poll, interviews,
etc
Methods:
Qualitative: in-depth
interview, participatory
observation
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Relation of Sociology andAnthropology to the Other
Social Sciences:
History:
the study of past events and whichattempts to establish the socialcontext that influence people
Soc/Anthro:
seek to show the interrelationshipbetween events and note theregularities or social pattern in
them
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Psychology:
The study of mind, of mentalprocesses, and of individualbehavior
Soc/Anthro:personality can beviewed as influenced not only byones heredity but also by his
socio-cultural environment
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Economics:
The study of production,
distribution and consumptions, aswell as the allocation of thematerial goods and services
Soc:seek to show the effect ofsocio-cultural factors on economicactivities and the consequences for
human lifeAnthro: concerned with the
relationship of economics activities
to society
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Political Science:
Focused on power as embodied informal and informal organizationsand processes within thegovernment
Soc:interested in political behavior,voting behavior, political issues,and the process of decision-making
Anthro:seeks to find theinterrelationship of the polity withother social organization
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