revista natura ciclo 07-2012

7/23/2019 Revista Natura Ciclo 07-2012

1/102

K iol

Iltuvl

Cmvhihs

lmhvl chi

iuozljvbukl

VOZ@STL

` kh 61


2/102

O k ` g o s o g i t u o d l d p k l

C l d l v h s t v h

t ` o i o u i l

m ` s t h v ` l )

C l d l m ` s t h v ` l

t ` o i o u i

C m v h i h s )Voiltl + 4= Fottp+ :6Jovilidl+ 33

Lmhvl chi Iuozl Jvbukl

6 zocos bs m`dvltlc ì

JQS 31

Bs j ` vbol

Voducc ì do sol kos

Fkh|uoh do vld `cl kos k `fvos

I l t u v l c v o o | u o o k t ` o b q h i h q l s l

d o k l b ` s b l j h v b l q l v l t h d l s k l s b u e o v o s )

lp uih qlvl tu m ` s thv `l )

Jvbukls osqocj `cls

qlvl cldl ìtois`dld

do solkos qhv

vlighs do odld)

Thdhs khs foioj`c`hs

oi ui skh qvhducth)


3/102

i t o i s ` d l d d o t u s s o l k o s

Jovilidl

Ihguo` vl +

33 lhs + os

qov `hd`stl

p t `oio ui fkhg

do bhdl )

Su Cmvhihs

os ok 31.+

qhcls solkos )


4/102

Lud`h Kìn ls`t`h wof

Chitoi`dho}tvl

Covvlv Z`doh

Gu GV uV f

S@GI@J@CLDH DO KHS CHIHS

Iltuvl tlbfì to hjvoco kl

zovsì D`g`tlk qlvl tlfkots,

o ìz`tlbhs l dosclvclglv kllqk`clcì oi qqko thvo ht`k`lidh ok cd`gh \V doleh)

\V CHDO " Qlvl dosc`jvlv osto cd`gh+ iocos`tls toiov cokuklvh tlfkot chi cblvl p ok lqk`clt`zh kocthv ìstlkldh)

okzo l kl`k`htocldhido so

oicoitvlithdls klsod`c`hios)

osk`lmhv`hitlkboito

qhv ok scvhkk

qlvl il iozlbliovl doilzoglv)

fscl clqtkhsqhv qlklvls

iz`l ok kìndo kl Voz`stlltvl qhvo"bl`k

osk`l

mhv`hitlkboitoqlvl ilzoglvoitvo kls qgìl

Qlvl mlcov hhbì (ht thclvq`dlboito6 zocos klqlitlkkl h dosk`lkhs dodhs)

hcl kl qlitlkkl< zo qlvl kklblv

kl lvvl doilzoglcì)

6


5/102

Ovos Chisukthv(l8

mLu CK@Cn p CHIZ@vtOtO OI

CHISKtHv(L)

hbqkotl ok jhvbuklv`h p sblto

chbh hisukthv(l)

LCCOSH O]CKS@ZH CHISKtHv(L)

Volk`l tu qod`dh hikìo oi bìuths)

Osts ÌtOVOslDH OI CHbqVlVIuOstVHs qVHDuCtHs8

hitctlto chi tu hisukthv(l

ltuvl p obqòl l d`sjvutlv ok

fòiostlv |uo to fvìdli iuostvhs

qvhducths)

OICOItvL OI JLCOfHHn

t CHISKtHv(L bS

COvCLIH(L)

mLu CK@Cn


6/102

ILT_VLZ@ZL

7=

ILT_VLTHDHD@L

31 ILT_VLQKLIT

47 ILT_VLCVOOV QLVL ZOV

7:

ILT_VLCMVHIHS

?6

ILT_VLONHS

ILT_VLLCOVCL

:

ILT_VLJHTHO\_@KFV@H

4: ILT_VLSZO

7?

ILT_VLOVZL DHCO

41

QOVJ_BOVL:6

ILT_VLILT_V

44

ILT_VL

BLBO O FOF

46

C_@DLDHSQLVL OK MHBFVO

76

@bqvosh qhv Hjsot Slit`lgh+ SL do CZ covt`cldh oi kl Cldoil doCusthd`l Ih SW"CHC"114:1? JSC Ostl covt`clcì so kkoz l clfh oichklfhvlcì chi Vlì Jhvost Lkk`lico B}`ch+ Lk`lil qlvl Fhs|uos LC+uil hvgli`lcì shc`lk l kl lcvod`tldl qhv JSC+ Vlìhvost Lkk`lico

VOZ@STL ILT_VL OS _IL Q_FK@CLC@I DO ILT_VL CHSBT@CHS SL D@V@G@DL L CHIS_KTHVLS+ CHIS_KTHVOS+ CHIS_B@DHVOS P DOBS QFK@CH VOKLC@HILDH

CHI ILT_VL KLS QVHBHC@HIOS P KHS QVHD_CTHS HJVOC@DHS SHI ZK@DHS QLVL OK C@CKH 17(61


7/102

3 )Khs qvoc`hs do khsqvhducths oi qvhbhc`i ostidostlcldhs oi ui tlblh blphv

p oi chkhv vheh)


8/102

CLVHK\_@I

TLI@KMLON@NHJ

OVV@TO

lcovcl

=1+?B`kos do qovshilsfoiojc`ldls%%


9/102

I`chkls Lkzos+:+

oEk`l dhs Vo`s+:

LCOVCL

Cvoobhs |uo kls qovshilslchstubfvldls l kl koctuvl dosdo

qo|uols+ ostlvi bs qvoqlvldls

qlvl khs ostud`hs+ ok tvlfleh

pkl z`dl+ qhv|uo oitoidobhs |uo

koov ih os s`bqkoboito slfov kh

|uo ost oscv`th+ sìh uil lccì

do vojo}ì p chbqvoisì

Qhv osh+ oisol l khs i`hs |uo

chihcos l d`svutlv do kl koctuvlQo|uols lct`tudos chbh ostl+

quodoi clbf`lv kl z`dl do khs

bs cm`chs Qvositlkos k`fvhs

do c`k chbqvoisì p lpdlkhs l

doscufv`v ui iuozh buidh

%Lvgoitìl+ Cm`ko+ Chkhbf`l+ B}`ch p Qov

%%Oitvo lkubihs+ qvhoshvos+ chhvdìldhvos p d`vocthvos

%%%Juoito5 -Ilt`hilk Cm`kdvois Voldìg Jhuidlt`hi)

Z`s`tl kl soccì cvoov qlvl

zov oi kl qgìl 7: p chihco

iuostvhs qvhducths o}ckus`zhs

_il kìdl bliovl do chklfhvlv

Mlstl ok lh 6111+ =7? b`kkhios do qovshils

ovli lilkjlfotls) Oi 61


10/102

OI OSTL JOCML+

TO \_@OVH VOGLKLV

_IL QLVTO DO B)

\_O TOIGL KL LKOGVL DO KL @IJLIC@L

P TLBF@I OK VOC_OVDHDO KH \_O SHBHS KHS DHS)

OI OSTL JOCML+

TO \_@OVH VOGLKLV

THDHS KHS BHBOITHS

OI \_O OSTLBHS E_ITHS P QVOSOITOS+

OK T@OBQH ZOVDLDOVH\_O CVOLBHS QLVL IHSHTVHS)

Jok` qhv iuostvh T`obqh


11/102

Cl`h Clgg`lih Clbq`hi p su m`eh Blvt`i Q`vos Clbq`hi


12/102

Voglkh Iltuvl Sv I

O]CK_S@ZL

O]CK_S@ZL

$ 63?)11


13/102

Voglkh Iltuvl Mhbob uvubKLIULB@OITH

O]CK_S@ZL

$ 301)11

Klilb`oith


14/102

Voglkh Iltuvl Nl`ln Quksh

O]CK_S@ZL

O]CK_S@ZL

$ 4??)11


15/102


16/102

O}ckus`zl dok c`ckh


17/102

Voglkh Iltuvl Ossoic`lk O}ckus`zh

KLIULB@OITH

O]CK_S@ZL

O]CK_S@ZL

$ 37?)11


18/102

Voglkh Iltuvl Mhbob

O]CK_S@ZHS

O]CK_S@ZL

$ 6?1)11

Elfhios O}ckus`zhs


19/102

Fhksl osqoc`lk do Voglkh

O]CK_S@ZLS

$ 6?)11

Bod`dls5

63)? } 6=)? }


20/102

Q@TLIGL QVOTL

Lco`to tv`js`ch 611 bk

$ 661)11-64??6)

$


21/102

Q@TLIGL

Smlbqhh 3?1 bk

$


22/102

Zlvodld dok vfhk hv`gìlv`l dok Lblhils>ok clstlh os ok vop do kl sokzl) Do su sob`kklso o}tvlo uil kocmo fklicl p iutv`t`zl+ uil dokls qvìc`qlkos juoitos do lk`boitlcì do khsquofkhs do kl vogì) Dof`dh l kls qvhqòdldosm`dvltlitos dok lct`zh+ iuostvhs qvhducthsto hjvocoi m`dvltlcì qlvl kl qòk)

Qukql qlvlblihs do clstll chi

61/do doscuoith

Qkql cvobhsl m`dvltlitoqlvl ok covqh 611 g

$


23/102

Chkhi`l jvoschv


24/102

lt`z do l bli`cl+ `v l+hquklv+ os sl u ql l v

p zoi o ) sus sob kk s co ui lc ` o|uo+ so o+ c hdhs sblkos)

` s ` ubo lfk s qvhq`odl o +li `v l `gl d khs ml tlito

o o )

Lchid`c`hildhv 311 bk

$


25/102

Lco`to tv`js`ch 611 bk

$ 661)11-


26/102

Tvld`c`hilkboito chihc`dh qhv su zlkhvlk`boit`c`h p qhv sus qvhqòdldosclkblitos+ osto jvuth+ do gvli lfuidlic`loi Fvls`k+ os ui toshvh qhv sus ut`k`dldos)Ok lco`to do blvlcup chitòio c`dhsgvlshs |uo tòioi lccì obhkòitop doeli kl qòk sulzo)

Smlbqhh3?1 bk

$


27/102

Lqvhzocml,Qvoc`h osqoc`lk

oi ok elfi o}jhk`litodo blvlcup

Elfi k|u`dh o}jhk`litoqlvl ok cuovqh 611 bk

Do5 $


28/102

ELFHIOS

Elfhioso}jhk`litos suvt`dhs

-60


29/102

Qv`qv`hcl -34=


30/102

voquosth

Qukql m`dvltlitoqlvl q`ovils p q`os


31/102

_i voglkh d`jovoitoqlvl culk|u`ov hcls`i

_i qvhducth o}ckus`zh do kl kiol`dolk qlvl voglklv S@OBQVO QVOSOITO

Elfhios Iltuvl Onhsqlkbo`vls dh Fvls`k6 elfhios oi glehs quvh zogotlk+ oi kls

zovs`hios fuv`t` cvobhsh p ll o}jhk`lito do

611 g cldl uih

-67447)


32/102

uI dl s`obqvo osqoc`lk

kh |h h h hi i }i fit c hith ih c ii It Thh i i h h+ | hizz hitgh it vf h |h i hith t + thh h

Itu Tdd) Duf d uti)

i

ltuvlTHdHd`l

m`DvlTlITos chvqhvlkos

b p q }t

-


33/102

Fuoih ll t`+

fuoih ll ok kliotl)Khs oqoshs do ill

thdhd`l qosol l hqc`bs ochb`cl qll p lk b`sbh òbqh ch`fpol c`dl ok bod`h lbfòoqh kl odcc` do s `bqlchlbfòlk ch osqoch ls ozlso ogkl)

vouosthm`dltlito chhlk 411 bk

D5 $


34/102

blcldlb`l q`ok socl

-


35/102

m`DvlTlITos qlvl BlIhs p qòs

cb dtit k bi ?1 bk

$ 71)11

M`dvltl doelidh uil sulzo qokcukl

shfvo kl qòk |uo qvhqhvc`hil z`tlk`dldp sulz`dld sì doelvkl gvlshsl

cb dtit k ?1 bk

$ 71)11Iutvo khs qòs+ qvìc`qlkboitooi kls vols vosoclsp chi clkkhs+ to}tuvl k`govl pdo vq`dl lfshvcì

dui qk }t-


36/102

uil iztli lvl |o o}ovboito

hi klov p koitd thdh ok hijhvt

p lglleh oi t dl l dl

ThDhDl hv|uDol

Efi i f}jk`it q zgtkclel hi 6 idldo do 01 g ldl il

$ 7?)11-3


37/102

cu`DlDhs qlvl ok ush IhcTuvIh

Ildl boehv |uo kkoglv l clsl+ dosqus do kls clvvovls p lg`tlcì dok dl+ voklelv ok cuovqh

p qvoqlvlvkh qlvl uil tvli|u`kl ihcmo do dosclish+ bhboith oi |uo kl qòk ost bs vocoqt`zl

lk tvltlbòith Iltuvl Thdhd`l Thdlihcmo os uil kiol do qvhducths qlvl ok cuovqh

osqoc`lkboito doslvvhkkldl qlvl ok ush ihctuvih

cb dtit dd itizf d ?1 bk

$ 71)11 -6167=)

cb dtit bidd itizf d ?1 bk

$ 71)11 -61670)

mdtit f d 411 bk

$


38/102

ThDhD`l `Iz`ovIhcb mdtitq 7? bk p i$


39/102

ThDhD`l uzl zovDo p lgul Do chch

mdtit q 411 bk$


40/102

m`DvlTlITos Do Flhtus jvlglic`ls qvojov`dls qlvl uslvkls

oi ok flh) Pl slkos dok flh chi kl q`ok

m`dvlldl)

jut e-60:


41/102

ElFhIos oI Flvvl p k|u`Dhs

Efi d }jitq cq b c 311 bk$


42/102

S_LZ@DLD P QVHTOCC@I

Jvbukls bs sulzos qlvl |uo z`zls uil lgvldlfko soislcì do fòiostlv p chijhvtoi tu dl l dl To}tuvl sulzo p qM iltuvlk qlvl cu`dlv kl qòk+ p ok lvhbl ìchijuid`fkodo Iltuvl Ovzl Dhco Qlvl dosqovtlv khs soit`dhs p voz`tlk`lv tus oiovgls)

IL

T_VLOVZL

DHCO

Elfi cvobhshqlvl kls blihs 6?1 bk

$


43/102

ILT_VL

OVZL

DHCO

Doshdhvlito lit`tvlisq`vlitovhkk"hi 7? bk

$ =1)11 -6:3=0)Qvhtocc`i qhv 64 mhvls

Doshdhvlito

lit`tvlisq`vlitooi cvobl =1 g

$ =1)11 -6:301)Qvhtocc`i qhv 64 mhvls

Chi qvct`ch lqk`cldhv

4

revista natura ciclo 07-2012

Documents