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Review article The Expansion of Diplomatic as a Discipline of O. Guyotjeannin.

Fco. Jos Toro Segovia

In this article the author examines the origins, development, expansion anddiplomatic perspectives presented today as a discipline. Its beginnings can be traced

back to medieval scholars who treated yet apart from other knowledge.

However, the definition of the diplomat as a discipline, not be given until theseventeenth century with the figure of Mabillon. Their analysis is based on finding theveracity of documents of the princes of the early Middle Ages until the twelfthcentury due to the historiographical debate about the absolute monarchy and the

privileges of the different sub ects. This designed, following the !artesian method, ananalytical process that consisted of dissecting the parts of speech of the document.Turn, were compared with various existing formulas and checking their veracity."uring this century and the next coupled with continued diplomatic and archival

paleography. #ut in the nineteenth century positivism influenced by diplomaticseparates as an auxiliary science devoted to the study of historical material edited toreveal forgeries. The established diplomatic subdivided analytical structures for eachtype of acts or authors, highly speciali$ed still remained% the study of legal and writingformulas& tradition or history, origin and falsifiability of the document, and finally thetiming and sigillography which in turn had their own development as disciplines.

It is from the '()*s when the diplomat will expand its field of study without leavingthe original premise of the paper check. It analy$es the document and not only as adata repository but also as a historical source.

The first of the guidelines, the +ualitative, is that of H. ichtenau and his disciples in-ienna, to consider the document and their formulas as a reflection of power andmaking society a historical study of propaganda and political visions of the world.This study serves as a source of the history of culture, historical anthropology,sociolinguistics and semiotics. It is the search of the relationship between oral andwritten, and the creation of the document by the author. This situation occurs toincrease the amount of documentation kept by advancing the centuries and expandedindividual charges, with the multiplication of effort devoted to systemati$ation,analysis, and verification of the same.

The other aspect is the +uantitative diplomatic, which aligns with the social andeconomic history, and the diplomatic methods are universally applicable, expandingto other documents contained in the files, which is also full of possibilities fordiplomatic and "iscipline. #ut there is still the academic discussion on temporal andgeographic limits on its expansion in the Middle Ages in the est to other historicalmoments and places, searching for something else to do history models of thesedocuments.

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/n este art0culo el autor anali$a tanto el origen, desarrollo, expansi1n y perspectivasde la diplom2tica presenta en la actualidad como una disciplina.

3us comien$os +ue se pueden retrotraer hasta estudiosos medievales +ue la tratabana4n sin diferenciarla de otros conocimientos. 3in embargo la definici1n de ladiplom2tica como disciplina con un ob etivo, m5todo y af2n cient0fico no se dar2hasta el siglo 6-II con la figura de Mabillon. 3u an2lisis se basar2 en hallar laveracidad de documentos de los pr0ncipes de la alta /dad Media hasta el siglo 6IIdebido al debate historiogr2fico sobre la monar+u0a absoluta y los privilegios de losdistintos s4bditos. 7ara ello dise81, siguiendo el m5todo cartesiano, un procesoanal0tico +ue consist0a en diseccionar las partes de del discurso del documento. A suve$, se comparaban con las diversas f1rmulas existentes y se comprobaba suveracidad. "urante este siglo y el siguiente la diplom2tica sigui1 unida a la

paleograf0a y la archiv0stica. 7ero en el 6I6 influido por el positivismo la diplom2ticase separa como una ciencia auxiliar dedicada al estudio del material hist1rico editado,

para revelar falsificaciones. 9a diplom2tica establece unas estructuras anal0ticassubdivididas para cada tipo de actos o autores, de gran especiali$aci1n +ue a4n sesigue manteniendo% estudio de las f1rmulas legales y de escritura& la tradici1n o:historia;, origen y falsabilidad del documento& y por 4ltimo la cronolog0a ysigilograf0a +ue a su ve$ han tenido su propio desarrollo como disciplinas.

/s a partir de la d5cada de '()* cuando la diplom2tica va ampliar su campo deestudio sin abandonar la premisa original de verificaci1n del documento. 3e trata aldocumento y su an2lisis no s1lo como un dep1sito de datos sino tambi5n como fuentehist1rica.

9a primera de las orientaciones, la cualitativa, es la de H. ichtenau y sus disc0pulosen -iena, al considerar al documento y sus f1rmulas como un refle o del poder y lasociedad efectuando un estudio hist1rico de la propaganda y las visiones pol0ticas delmundo. As0 sirve como fuente de estudio a la historia de la cultura, la antropolog0ahist1rica, la socioling