SCHOOL AGRICULTURA NORTH-EAST

MARROQUIN BELTETON, BRAYAN RICARDO

5to. P.A. Agrónomo Expert “A”

English IIING. Oscar García Report

#5Different types of pronous

Zacapa March 4th

REPORTED SPEECH

REPORTED SPEECH

IF WE REPORT WHAT ANOTHER PERSON HAS SAID, WE USUALLY DO NOT USE THE SPEAKER’S EXACT WORDS (DIRECT SPEECH), BUT REPORTED (INDIRECT) SPEECH. THEREFORE, YOU NEED TO LEARN HOW TO TRANSFORM DIRECT SPEECH INTO REPORTED SPEECH. THE STRUCTURE IS A LITTLE DIFFERENT DEPENDING ON WHETHER YOU WANT TO TRANSFORM A STATEMENT, QUESTION OR REQUEST.

.“When we report exactly what someone else has said, we use the direct style. With this style what the person has said is placed between quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word”

Ejemplos:

I am going to London next week," she said. ("Voy a Londres la semana que viene," ella dijo.)

"Do you have a pen I could borrow," he asked. ("¿Tienes un bolígrafo que puedas prestarme?," él preguntó.)

Alice said, "I love to dance." (Alice dijo, "Me encanta bailar.")

Chris asked, "Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow night?" (Chris preguntó, "¿Te gustaría cenar conmigo mañana por la noche?")

PRESENT AND PAST PARTICIPLE

PRESENT AND PAST PARTICIPLE

PRESENT PARTICIPLETHE PRESENT PARTICIPLE IS OFTEN USED WHEN WE WANT TO EXPRESS AN ACTIVE ACTION. IN ENGLISH WE ADD -ING TO THE INFINITIVE OF THE VERB. Use of the present participle

Progressive Tenses

He is reading a book.

He was reading a book.

GerundReading books is fun.

He likes reading books.

Adjective

Look at the reading boy..

Past participleThe present participle is often used when we want to express a passive action. In English we add -ed to the infinitive of regular verbs. We use the 3rd column of the table of the irregular verbs.

Use of the past participle

Perfect Tenses

He has forgotten the pencil.

He had forgotten the pencil.

Passiv voice

A house is built.

A house was built.

Adjective

Look at the washed car.

Uso del should

USO DEL SHOULDSHOULDIT IS USED TO GIVE ADVICE. IT INDICATES THAT SOMETHING IS GOOD AND THEREFORE SHOULD BE DONE. IT IS A RECOMMENDATION, NOT A REQUIREMENT. IT HAS LESS TAX FORCE "MUST" AND "HAVE TO". If you feel bad you should go to the doctor

Positive form SUBJECT + (SHOULD + Verb BASE FORM) + COMPLEMENT Examples:

You should go to the doctor. Elene should talk to her husband more. They should stop smoking.

Negative form SUBJECT + (SHOULDN’T (should not)+ Verb BASE FORM)+ COMPLEMENTExamples:

You shouldn’t work too much. John shouldn’t play futbol because he is not

feeling well. They shouldn’t wear jeans to go to work.

Question form QUESTION WORD + (SHOULD + SUBJECT + Verb BASE FORM) + COMPLEMENT

Where should I study English? What should we do when there

is an earthquake? Should we buy a used or new

car?USO – Cuando usamos SHOULD

We use SHOULD to express an ADVICE or SUGGESTION

Example:

a) What’s wrong?b) I have a headache.a) You should take a pill.

* Usar SHOULDI:t is the most practical way of giving TIPS and suggestions. It is very easy to use because all persons (I, you, he, she, it, we, you, They) use the same structure and conjugation.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS: ARE USED WHEN THE SUBJECT AND THE VERB ARE THE SAME. REFLEXIVE VERBS IN ENGLISH AND SPANISH BOTH ARE USED. INSTEAD OF REFLEXIVE VERBS, USE ONE OF THE FOLLOWING REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

Myself yo mismo, a mí

Yourself tú mismo (a ti), usted mismo (a

usted)

Himself él mismo, a sí mismo

Herself ella misma, a sí misma

Itself él mismo, a sí mismo

Ourselves nosotros mismos

Yourselves vosotros mismos, ustedes mismos

Themselves ellos mismos

EjemploI saw it  myself.

Don't burn yourself!

He hurt himself.

She did it herself.

The cat scratched itself.

We made it ourselves.

Did you paint the house

yourselves?

They were speaking to

themselves.

Traducción ejemplo

Yo mismo lo vi.

¡No te quemes! / ¡No se queme!

Se hizo daño.

Lo hizo ella misma.

El gato se rascó.

Lo hemos hecho nosotros mismos.

¿Pintasteis la casa vosotros

mismos? / ¿Pintaron la casa ustedes mismos?

Ellos hablaban consigo mismos.

PERSONAL PRONOUNS

PERSONAL PRONOUNS

THE PERSONAL PRONOUNS IN ENGLISH ARE ALSO KNOWN AS PERSONAL PRONOUNS SUBJECT OR NOMINAL. THEY ARE THOSE THAT REFER TO THE GRAMMATICAL PERSONS. THEY ARE: I, YOU, HE, SHE, IT, WE, YOI (ÁI) - YOYOU (IÚ) - TÚ / USTEDHE (JÍ) - ÉLSHE (SHÍ) - ELLAIT (IT) - ÉL /ELLO / ELLA (OBJETO)WE (UÍ) - NOSOTROS / NOSOTRASYOU (IÚ) - USTEDES / VOSOTROSTHEY (DÉI) - ELLOS / ELLASU, THEY. HERE ARE EXAMPLES TRANSLATED INTO SPANISH.

Pronombres personales (función de sujeto) Ejemplo Traducción

ejemplo

I yo I am ill. Yo estoy enfermo.

You tú, usted You are tall. Tú eres alto. / Usted es alto.

He él He is handsome. Él es guapo.

She ella She is pretty. Ella es guapa.

It ello (neutro) It is cold today. Hoy hace frío.

We nosotros We are tired.Nosotros estamos

cansados.

You vosotros, ustedes You are angry.

Vosotros estáis enfadados.

Ustedes están enfadados.

They ellos, ellas They are at the cinema.

Ellos están en el cine.

Pronombres personales

(función de objeto)Ejemplo  Traducció

n ejemplo

Me mí Can you help me?

¿Puedes ayudarme?

You a tí, a usted

I can help you.

Puedo ayudarte. /

Puedo ayudarle.

Him a él Can you see him?

¿Le puedes ver?

Her a ella Give it to her.

Dáselo a ella.

It a ello Give it a kick.

Dale una patada.

Us a nosotros Can you see us?

¿Nos puedes

ver?You a vosotros,

a ustedes I see you. Os veo. / Les veo.

Them a ellos He can help them.

Les puede ayudar.

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

: INDEFINITE PRONOUNSAN INDEFINITE PRONOUN DOES NOT REFER TO ANY SPECIFIC PERSON, THING OR AMOUNT. IT IS VAGUE AND "NOT DEFINITE". SOME TYPICAL INDEFINITE PRONOUNS ARE:

ALL, ANOTHER, ANY, ANYBODY/ANYONE, ANYTHING, EACH, EVERYBODY/EVERYONE, EVERYTHING, FEW, MANY, NOBODY, NONE, ONE, SEVERAL, SOME, SOMEBODY/SOMEONE

Most indefinite pronouns are either singular or plural. However, some of them can be singular in one context and plural in another. The most common indefinite pronouns are listed below, with examples, as singular, plural or singular/plural.

Notice that a singular pronoun takes a singular verb AND that any personal pronoun should also agree (in number and gender). Look at these examples:

Each of the players has a doctor. I met two girls. One has given me her phone number.

Similarly, plural pronouns need plural agreement:

Many have expressed their views.

anotheran additional or different person or thing

That ice-cream was good. Can I have another?

anybody/ anyone

no matter what person

Can anyone answer this question?

anything no matter what thing

The doctor needs to know if you have eaten anything in the last two hours.

each

every one of two or more people or things, seen separately

Each has his own thoughts.

eitherone or the other of two people or things

Do you want tea or coffee? / I don't mind. Either is good for me.

enoughas much or as many as needed

Enough is enough.

everybody/ everyone all people

We can start the meeting because everybody has arrived.

everything all things

They have no house or possessions. They lost everything in the earthquake.

pronoun meaning example