medicion de hidrocarburos liquidos, balances …. medición de hidrocarburos y... · normas...

MEDICION DE HIDROCARBUROS LIQUIDOS, BALANCES VOLUMETRICOS E

INSTRUMENTACION

Perú, Junio 2016

ROBERTO MARTINEZ [email protected]

Cel 57 300 5660437 Bucaramanga Colombia

OBJETIVO

• Desarrollar análisis y presentarherramientas tendientes a mejorar lamedición y la toma de dicisiones en lacontabilización y balancesvolumétricos en los procesos deliquidación de hidrocarburos líquidos.

CONTENIDO DEL CURSO

Metodologías para la medición, liquidación ycontabilización de hidrocarburos líquidos.

Técnicas de liquidación con medición estática.

Técnicas de liquidación con medición dinámica.

Cálculo y expresión de la incertidumbre en lamedición.

Instrumentación y equipos electrónicos.

Alimentación de Datos y Tecnologías de lainformación.

MODULO 1

Metodologías para la medición, liquidación ycontabilización de hidrocarburos líquidos.

Normatividad aplicable.

OBJETIVO

Discutir las principales familias de normasaplicables a la medición de cantidad y calidad de loshidrocarburos líquidos.

NORMAS, RECOMENDACIONES Y MEJORES PRACTICAS

MEDICION HIDROCARBUROS

CANTIDAD CALIDAD

MEDICION DINAMICA

MEDICION ESTÁTICA

CAMPO

LABORATORIO

CONDICIONES ESTANDAR 0 psig, 60 °F

Las normas cumplen su función básica en:

• Mejoramiento de eficiencia• Reducción de costos• Cumplimiento de regulaciones• Protección de la salud• Seguridad en el trabajo• Protección del medio ambiente

NORMATIVIDAD

NORMATIVIDAD

• ANSI: American National Standards Institute

• ATEX (Atmospheres explosibles): (Francés) hace referencia a las ‘Atmósferas Potencialmente Explosivas’.

• ATEX 94/9/EC: Directiva adoptada por la Unión Europea para facilitar el libre comercio en ella, alineando los requerimientos técnicos y legales en los estados miembros para productos a ser usados en aplicaciones de atmósferas explosivas.

• ATEX 137 (Suplemento 1999/92/EC): Dirigida a empleados e incluye previsiones para protección del personal contra explosiones potenciales.

• CENELEC: Comunidad Europea para Estandarización Electrotécnica.

• INDECOPI: Instituto Nacional de Defensa de la Competencia y la Propiedad Intelectual

• ICONTEC: Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas

• IEC: International Electrical Commission.

• IEE: Institution of Electrical Engineers.

NORMATIVIDAD

• IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers.

• IEEE-802.X: Protocolos de comunicación de red regulando enlaces de datos y capa de red.

• IEEE-802.3: Ethernet (CSMA/CD)

• IEEE-802.4: Token Bus.

• IEEE-802.5: Token Ring.

• ISA: Instrument Society of America (The Instrumentation, Systems, and AutomationSociety).

• ISA-5.1-1984 (R1992): Identificación y Símbolos de Instrumentación

• ISA-5.2-1976 (R1992): Diagramas Lógicos Binarios para Operación de Procesos

• ISA-5.3-1983: Símbolos gráficos para diagramas de Instrumentación de Control Distribuido compartido

• ISA-5.4-1991: Diagramas de Lazo de Instrumento

• ISA-5.5-1985: Símbolos gráficos para diagramas de proceso

NORMATIVIDAD

• ISA-S88-1995 (IEC 61512-1): Establece el marco de especificaciones de requerimientos para el control de procesos batch y para su posterior traducción a aplicaciones de software. El marco consiste en una variedad de definiciones, modelos y estructuras.

• ISO: International Organization for Standardization

• NEC: National Electric Code

• NEMA: National Electrical Manufacturers Association

• NEMA-250: Encerramientos para equipo eléctrico (Máx. 1000V).

• NPFA: National Fire Protection Association

• NPFA 79: Define los principios básicos que deben ser incorporados en un diseño (Ej.: Prácticas de Cableado Básico).

• ANSI/NPFA 496-1998: Purga y Presurización de encerramientos para equipos eléctricos.

• OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Agencia Regulatoria que actúa ante eventos catastróficos, promulgando regulaciones orientadas a limitar la repetición de estos eventos.

NORMATIVIDAD

• (ISO) International Organization for Standards (www.iso.ch)

• (ANSI) American National Standards Institute (www.ansi.org)

• (NIST) American National Institute for Standards and Technology

(www.nist.gov)

• (API) American Petroleum Institute (www.api.org)

• (NFPA) National Fire Protection Association (www.nfpa.org).

• (ASTM) American Society for Testing and Materials (www.astm.org)

• (GPA) American Gas Producers Association (www.gasprocessors.com)

• (IP ) The Institute of Petroleum (London) (www.petroleum.co.uk)

• (AGA) American Gas Association

http://www.iso.ch/

http://www.ansi.org/

http://www.nist.gov/

http://www.api.org/

http://www.astm.org/

http://www.gasprocessors.com/

NORMATIVIDAD

• No todo está escrito.

• Definen requerimientos.

• Raramente aplica su implementación completa en la industria.

• Se usan como bases pero tienen excepciones.

• Las normas son guías.

NORMATIVIDADNORMAS API-MPMS

American Petroleum Institute – Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standard

Índice por capítulos:

1. Vocabulario

2. Calibración de tanques

3. Medición de tanques

4. Provers

5. Medición Dinámica

6. Ensamblaje de sistemas de medición

7. Determinación de Temperatura

8. Muestreo

9. Determinación de la densidad

10. Sedimentos y agua

11. Factores de corrección volumétrica

12. Calculo de cantidades de petróleo.

13. Aspectos estadísticos de la medición y el muestreo

NORMATIVIDADNORMAS API-MPMS

American Petroleum Institute – Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standard

Índice por capítulos:

14. Medición de Gas natural15. Guías Para el Uso del Sistema Internacional de Unidades (SI) en

la industria del Petróleo e Industrias Afines16. Medición de fluidos de Hidrocarburos por Peso o Masa17. Medición marina18. Transferencia de custodia19. Medición de pérdidas por evaporación20. Asignación de sistemas de medición de petróleo y gas natural21. Medición de flujo usando sistemas electrónicos de medición.22. Protocolos de pruebas.

NORMATIVIDADSISTEMA DE ASEGURAMIENTO METROLOGICO

ISO 10012

Requisitos generales

Sistemas de gestión de las mediciones

Requisitos para los procesos de medición y los equipos de medición

Especifica requisitos genéricos y proporciona orientación para la gestión de los procesos de medición y para confirmación metrológica del equipo de medición.

• Responsabilidad de la dirección

• Gestión de los recursos

• Confirmación metrológica y realización de los procesos de medición

• Análisis y mejora del sistema de gestión de las mediciones.

ANEXOCalibración de tanques. (Capitulo 2)

2.2A Measurement and Calibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks by theManual Strapping Method

2.2B Calibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks Using the Optical ReferenceLine Method

2.2C Calibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks Using the Optical- TriangulationMethod

2.2D Calibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks Using the Internal Electro-OpticalDistance Ranging Method

2.2E Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products—Calibration of Horizontal Cylindrical Tanks—Part 1: Manual Methods

2.2F Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products—Calibration of Horizontal Cylindrical Tanks—Part 2: Internal Electro-Optical Distance -Ranging Method

ANEXOCalibración de tanques. (Capitulo 2)

Std 2552 Measurement and Calibration of Spheres and Spheroids

Std 2554 Measurement and Calibration of Tank Cars

Std 2555 Liquid Calibration of Tanks

RP 2556 Correcting Gauge Tables for Incrustation

2.7 Calibration of Barge Tanks

2.8A Calibration of Tanks on Ships and Oceangoing Barges

2.8B Establishment of the Location of the Reference Gauge Point and the Gauge Height of Tanks on Marine Tank Vessels

ANEXOMedición de tanques (Capitulo 3)

3.1A Standard Practice for the Manual Gauging of Petroleum and

Petroleum Products

3.1B Standard Practice for Level Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons in

Stationary Tanks by Automatic Tank Gauging

3.2 Standard Practice for Gauging Petroleum and Petroleum Products in

Tank Cars

3.3 Standard Practice for Level Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons in

Stationary Pressurized Storage Tanks by Automatic Tank Gauging

3.4 Standard Practice for Level Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons on

Marine Vessels by Automatic Tank Gauging

3.5 Standard Practice for Level Measurement of Light Hydrocarbon

Liquids Onboard Marine Vessels by Automatic Tank Gauging

3.6 Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Hybrid Tank Measurement

Systems

ANEXO

Provers (Capitulo 4)

4.2 Displacement Provers

4.4 Tank Provers

4.5 Master-Meter Provers

4.6 Pulse Interpolation

4.7 Field Standard Test Measures

4.8 Operation of Proving Systems

ANEXO

Provers (Capitulo 4)

4.9.1 Methods of Calibration for Displacement and Volumetric Tank Provers -Introduction to the Determination of the Volume of Displacement

and Tank Provers

4.9.2 Methods of Calibration for Displacement and Volumetric Tank Provers- Determination of the Volume of Displacement and Tank Provers by the Waterdraw Method of Calibration

4.9.3 Methods of Calibration for Displacement and Volumetric Tank Provers- Determination of the Volume of Displacement Provers by the Master Meter Method of Calibration

4.9.4 Methods of Calibration for Displacement and Volumetric Tank Provers- Determination of the Volume of Displacement and Tank Provers by the Gravimetric Method of Calibration

ANEXOMedición Dinámica (Capitulo 5)

5.1 General Considerations for Measurement by Meters

5.2 Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Displacement Meters

5.3 Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Turbine Meters

5.4 Accessory Equipment for Liquid Meters

5.5 Fidelity and Security of Flow Measurement Pulsed-Data Transmission Systems

5.6 Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Coriolis Meters

5.8 Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Ultrasonic Flow Meters

ANEXOEnsamblaje de sistemas de medicion (Capitulo 6)

6.1 Lease Automatic Custody Transfer (LACT) Systems

6.2 Loading Rack Metering Systems

6.4 Metering Systems for Aviation Fueling Facilities

6.5 Metering Systems for Loading and Unloading Marine Bulk Carriers

6.6 Pipeline Metering Systems

6.7 Metering Viscous Hydrocarbons

ANEXODeterminación de temperatura (Capitulo 7)

• 7.3 Fixed automatic tank temperature system

ANEXOMuestreo (Capitulo 8)

8.1 Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products

8.2 Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products

8.3 Standard Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products

8.4 Standard Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement

ANEXODeterminación de la densidad (Capitulo 9)

9.1 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method

9.2 Standard Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Light Hydrocarbons by Pressure Hydrometer

9.3 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Thermohydrometer Method

ANEXOSedimentos y agua (Capitulo 10)

10.1 Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method

10.2 Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation

10.3 Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)

10.4 Determination of Sediment and Water in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method (Field Procedure)

10.5 Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation

10.6 Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)

10.7 Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Potentiometric Karl Fischer Titration

10.8 Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oil by Membrane Filtration

10.9 Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration

TR 2570 Continuous On-Line Measurement of Water in Petroleum (Crude Oil and Condensate)

METROLOGIAMETROLOGIA

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ANEXOFactores de corrección volumétrica (Capitulo 11)

11.1 Physical Properties Data (Volume Correction Factors)

11.1 Temperature and Pressure Volume Correction Factors for Generalized Crude Oils, Refined Products, and Lubricating Oils

11.2.2 Compressibility Factors for Hydrocarbons: 0.350–0.637 Relative Density (60 °F/60 °F) and –50 °F to 140 °F Metering Temperature

11.2.2M Compressibility Factors for Hydrocarbons: 350–637 Kilograms per Cubic Meter Density (15 °C) and –46 °C to 60 °C Metering Temperature

11.2.4 Temperature Correction for the Volume of NGL and LPG Tables 23E, 24E, 53E, 54E, 59E, 60E

11.2.5A Simplified Vapor Pressure Correlation for Commercial NGLs

11.3.2.1 Ethylene Density

11.3.3 Ethanol Density and Volume Correction Factors

11.3.3.2 Propylene Compressibility

11.4.1 Properties of Reference Materials—Density of Water and Water Volume Correction Factors for Calibration of Volumetric Provers

11.5 Density/Weight/Volume Intraconversion


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ANEXOCalculo de cantidades de petróleo (Capitulo 12)

12.1.1 Calculation of Static Petroleum Quantities, Part 1—Upright Cylindrical Tanks and Marine Vessels

12.1.2 Calculation of Static Petroleum Quantities, Part 2—Calculation Procedures for Tank Cars

12.2.1 Calculation of Petroleum Quantities Using Dynamic Measurement Methods and Volume Correction Factors,—Introduction

12.2.2 Calculation of Petroleum Quantities Using Dynamic Measurement Methods and Volumetric Correction Factors, —Measurement Tickets

12.2.3 Calculation of Petroleum Quantities Using Dynamic Measurement Methods and Volumetric Correction Factors, - Proving Reports

12.2.4 Calculation of Petroleum Quantities Using Dynamic Measurement Methods and Volume Correction Factors,- Calculation of Base ProverVolumes by Waterdraw Method

12.2.5 Calculation of Petroleum Quantities Using Dynamic Measurement Methods and Volumetric Correction Factors—Base Prover Volume Using Master Meter Method

12.3 Calculation of Volumetric Shrinkage From Blending Light Hydrocarbons With Crude Oil


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ANEXO Aspectos estadísticos de la medición y el muestreo

(Capitulo 13)

13.1 Statistical Concepts and Procedures in Measurement

13.2 Statistical Methods of Evaluating Meter Proving Data


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ANEXO Medición de gas natural (Capitulo 14)

14.1 Collecting and Handling of Natural Gas Samples for Custody Transfer14.2 Compressibility Factors of Natural Gas and Other Related Hydrocarbon

Gases 14.3.1 Concentric, Square-Edged Orifice Meters—General Equations and

Uncertainty Guidelines 14.3.2 Concentric, Square-Edged Orifice Meters—Specification and

Installation Requirements14.3.3 Concentric, Square-Edged Orifice Meters—Natural Gas Applications 14.3.4 Concentric, Square-Edged Orifice Meters—Background, Development,

Implementation Procedures and Subroutine Documentation 14.4 Converting Mass of Natural Gas Liquids and Vapors to Equivalent Liquid

Volumes 14.5 Calculation of Gross Heating Value, Relative Density, Compressibility and

Theoretical Hydrocarbon Liquid Content for Natural Gas Mixtures forCustody Transfer

14.6 Continuous Density Measurement14.7 Mass Measurement of Natural Gas Liquids14.8 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Measurement14.9 Measurement of Natural Gas by Coriolis Meter14.10 Measurement of flow to flares


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ANEXOMedición de fluidos de Hidrocarburos por Peso o Masa

(Capitulo 16)

16.2 Mass Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons in Vertical Cylindrical Storage Tanks by Hydrostatic Tank Gauging


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ANEXOMedición marina (Capitulo 17)

17.1 Guidelines for Marine Cargo Inspection

17.2 Measurement of Cargoes on Board Tank Vessels

17.3 Guidelines for Identification of the Source of Free Waters Associated With Marine Petroleum Cargo Movements

17.4 Method for Quantification of Small Volumes on Marine Vessels(OBQ/ROB)

17.5 Guidelines for Cargo Analysis and Reconciliation

17.6 Guidelines for Determining Fullness of Pipelines Between Vessels and Shore Tanks

17.7 Recommended Practices for Developing Barge Control Factors (Volume Ratio)

17.8 Guidelines for Pre-Loading Inspection of Marine Vessel Cargo Tanks

17.9 Vessel Experience Factor (VEF)

17.10.2 Measurement of Refrigerated and/or Pressurized Cargoes on Board Marine Gas Carriers—Liquefied Petroleum and Chemical Gases

17.11 Measurement and Sampling of Cargoes on Board Tank Vessels Using Closed/Restricted Equipment

17.12 Procedure for Bulk Liquid Chemical Cargo Inspection by Cargo InspectorsMETROLOGIAMETROLOGIA

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ANEXOTransferencia de Custodia (Capitulo 18)

18.1 Measurement Procedures for Crude Oil Gathered From Small Tanks by Truck


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ANEXOMedición de pérdidas por evaporación (Capitulo 19)

19.1 Evaporative Loss From Fixed-Roof Tanks19.2 Evaporative Loss From Floating-Roof Tanks 19.3A Wind Tunnel Test Method for the Measurement of Deck-Fitting

Loss Factors for External Floating-Roof Tanks19.3B Air Concentration Test Method—Rim-Seal Loss Factors for

Floating- Roof Tanks19.3C Weight Loss Test Method for the Measurement of Rim-Seal

Loss Factors for Internal Floating-Roof Tanks19.3D Fugitive Emission Test Method for the Measurement of Deck-

Seam Loss Factors for Internal Floating-Roof Tanks19.3E Weight Loss Test Method for the Measurement of Deck-Fitting

Loss Factors for Internal Floating-Roof Tanks 19.3H Tank Seals and Fittings Certification—Administration19.4 Recommended Practice for Speciation of Evaporative Losses 19.5 Atmospheric Hydrocarbon Emissions From Marine Vessel

Transfer Operations


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ANEXOMedición de perdidas por evaporación (Capitulo 19)

Publ 2524 Impact Assessment of New Data on the Validity of American Petroleum Institute Marine Transfer Operation Emission Factors

Publ 2558 Wind Tunnel Testing of External Floating-Roof Storage Tanks

TR 2567 Evaporative Loss From Storage Tank Floating Roof Landings

TR 2568 Evaporative Loss From the Cleaning of Storage Tanks

TR 2569 Evaporative Loss From Closed-Vent Internal Floating-Roof Storage Tanks


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ANEXOAsignación de Sistemas de Medición de Petróleo y Gas

Natural (Capitulo 20)

20.1 Allocation Measurement

RP 85 Use of Subsea Wet-Gas Flowmeters in Allocation Measurement Systems

RP 86 Recommended Practice for Measurement of Multiphase Flow

RP 87 Recommended Practice for Field Analysis of Crude Oil Samples Containing from Two to Fifty Percent Water by Volume


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ANEXOMedición de Flujo usando sistemas electrónicos de

medición (Capitulo 21)

21.1 Electronic Gas Measurement

21.2 Electronic Liquid Volume Measurement Using Positive Displacement and Turbine Meters

21.2-A1 Addendum 1 to Flow Measurement Using Electronic Metering Systems, Inferred Mass


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ANEXOProtocolos de Pruebas (Capitulo 22)

22.1 General Guidelines for Developing Testing Protocols for Devices Used in the Measurement of Hydrocarbon Fluids

22.2 Differential Pressure Flow Measurement Devices


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medicion de hidrocarburos liquidos, balances …. medición de hidrocarburos y... · normas...

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