mczane/sisopa-unix-1parte.pdf · 2002. 3. 21. · suid sgid sticky r w x r w x r w x user group...

19
Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 1 Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 2 www.unix-systems.org

Upload: others

Post on 28-Jan-2021

3 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 1

    ������������������������������� � "!$#&%('*),+.-0/ 1325476

    8:9 @BADCFEHGDIJI�K�LNM OQPDC RTS

  • Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 3

    ±"²�³K´¶µ�·¹¸N²�³�²�º$»

    ¼ ½Z¾¿ À�ÁyÂÃ5¿�ÂÃvÄÀ=ÅÆÃyÇ"ÃÈÁ�¿"ÉlÅËÊ2Ì Ì¡À=É Í�Î�ÏyÐÒÑ�Ó$ÔÕÏ Ö ×ÙØyÚXÚ�ÛÝÜ"Þ.ßàâáyãä5åyã.æ=çËè$é

  • Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 5

    B�CED;FHG�I�GKJLFNMOQPSRUTWVWXZY�Y�T[Y?X]\^V[_a`U_Wb c�d

    / (root del FS)

    sottodir1 sottodir2 sottodir3

    file1 file2 sottodir4 sottodir5

    file3 file4Nome assoluto: /sottodir2/sottodir4/file4

    Nome relativo (dal direttorio corrente): sottodir4/file4

    Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 6

    e�fEg;hHi�j�iKkLhNlm�nSo�p�n�nqp�osr�tvu�p�wxnquzy�u|{~} 3m �

    }vnqut#uzosKnn�}o�u��r?w�wK} p�wo�p�}'}y��{u:u|{~}

    bin boot dev etc lib lost+found tmpusr

    include bin lib

    home

    user1 user2 user3

    /

    bin comandi principali di sistemadev file speciali associati ai dispositivietc file di configurazione del sistemalib librerie di sistema/usr/bin altri comandi/usr/include header per linguaggio C/home/user home degli utenti

  • Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 7

    �E;H��KLN

    q ¢¡¤£#¥?¦] ¨§¢£a©£Uª «�¬

    ®°¯ ±�²�³´²�µ¶µ¸·?¹�º'» ¹s²�¼�»v½'·�¹s²¾½À¿|·Á³´³´²�µ¶µÂ»Ã·?½�½'²ºz±KÄ»¹:ÅÆ·�Ǻ|»±�ºÈ ÉÊ?Ë Ì9Í#Î�Ï ÐÑÏ�Ò'Ê�Ó ÔvÏzËsÊKÕ ÕÖÌvËÖÏ|ÌØ×ÁÊ?ÎÁÍ�ÌÎÁÌ Ô�Ê�ÐÑÏzÎ�ÏÙÕÖÊ ÕSËsÊ�ÚÒ'Û�ܶÜÏKÔvÏ�ÝÕÖÊ?ÎÕ�Ï

    Þ ßáàãâ~ä]å�â~äæßèçêéìëäæßå í îKï>ð�ñ òó ôáõ>ö�÷æøúù~ùêûýü~þ´õãù~÷]û�ù~÷æôèþêÿ��ú÷æôû � ������� �

    ������������������������������� �!��� " �$#&%('���) �

    * +-,/. 021436587&5:9$0-7&5:@A5CBDBFE$7G0H.I,KJL,/3L10H3L0

  • Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 9

    798;:=�@A>BC

  • Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 11

    Á9Â;Ã=Ä?Å�ÆAÅÇCÄEÈÉ_ʻ˽̾ʿ˾Í

    / (root del FS)

    sottodir1 sottodir2 sottodir3

    file4link file2 sottodir4 sottodir5

    file3 file4

    Î_ÏÐ�ÑÒÓ!ÒÔ¯ÒÖÕ�Ò×OØÙ Ú�Û&ÜÝßÞáàãâ&äÙ Ï¡×å×ÖϬæ#ç¬æè×æ�éYÐåÓ¬ÐOê�ÕWëræÖììÐíÑîÑîæðï(æ¯ÕÕrÐì!ñ¬ÑòæÙ ÒÕ!Õ�Ò×OØóÐôÕbëõæ�êòÒWìQÒ׬ñ¡ÕrÐ÷öiæ×æ Ò׬ԯÒWö-ÑÒ×ì¯ÏÒøÖÒÕ�ÒÙ ïCæ×ÔQÒùçOÒWÔ!æ׬æèÕúæðö-ÑòÐö\öiæûÒ{ü׬æÔÐå׬СÕÖýÿþÙ Õ�Òé÷ÒùÑòñ��HÒræ×ÖÒ ç¬ñ¡ê¿ÒrÐÙ ������������ ������

    � ����������� �"!���#$!�%&�(')�*�� �(!+�#$!-,.'�/��"���0�$12�43.576984!-�$:0��$�;,!-,?�A@?!'B�*�DC"�E:0:E!F@G@G�H%I�2�J�(!�:0'�@

  • Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 13

    §[¨]©_ª]«�¬c

    ®U¯�°±$²´³o³�¯Vµ¶[°g¶¸·²º¹�¶

    »-¼½t¾q¿oÀ¼ Á ÃÄvÅ2ÆJÃÇÆ ÈHÉ ÊqËÌ�ÍÎtÏqÐÑÒ ÓÕÔ×Ö[ØÚÙÛÜVÝ¢Ý*Þß�à7á�ß4ß4Þ¤Ý�âzãáÞßBâ�ävåßXß4åãvå£ß4áqävÞqæ¦Þ]æáä�ârç¥è-åétÞqãoêâ ë0ìcí£îï ð�ñ4ð ë�òóBôJìí ðñ4ð{õ ò ð ívó2ô*öq÷ ð ø

    ù-úûtüqýoþú ÿ � ù-úûtüqýoþ�ú�� �

    ���� �������������������� ��������� �"!$#&%�'(�*)+#-,.�/!0!1%�,1#

    mkdir

    rmdir

    cd < nomedir >

    ls < nomedir > 2 3 #4�"!657# 398 %:';!1��'=):#?,.�/!@!A%+,6#B% C

    Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 14

    D�EGFIHGJ K+LMN.O9P0P1O�QSRUT9P6V WYX-ZBR

    ln

    cp < fil esorg >

    mv < nomefile >

    rm < nomefile >

    ca t [ \ X4]_^(O�Z`X&abacO7X-Z9deV:TfP6R�Tg^fP1V hfi l e < nomefi l e> [ X&i=RGT;P$XjWkX&d�O X?Z P$X?l/V i+X WmX-ZBRnh

    op]qRUQ*l�Xcd / tmp

    ca t . cs hrc

    ls /bin

    rm *

  • Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 15

    rts$u�vxw+y�z{u|�w |}w~ =chmod [u g o] [+ -] [ rwx ] < nomefileodirettorio >

    ;e{chmod nuovidiritti 8

    �=.�g1B/6G6&>g� m?jf :?.9@6:1B =p  Sn:j¡m&¢e£Uk¤p :?1¥0�¦p§ � *�B

    chmod ug +x miofile

    chmod 554 miofile

    ¨�©GªI«G¬ +®

    12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 10 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0SUI D S GI D sti cky R W X R W X R W X

    User Gr oup Oth ers

    12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 10 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0SUI D S GI D sti cky R W X R W X R W X

    User Gr oup Oth ers

    Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 16

    ¯�°G±I²G³ ´+µ¶¸·º¹�».¼7½?¾9¿0À�»kÁSÂÄý&À:¾=½ Å ÀĹ0¹6¼�¾gÆf¹1¼ ÇeÀ:¾

    l s -l È- r wxr - xr -x 1 r oot r oot 2612 Ma r 7 2000 arc h- r wxr - xr -x 1 r oot r oot 60592 Feb 3 2000 ash- r wxr - xr -x 1 r oot r oot 2630 64 Feb 3 2000 ash . stat i c- r wxr - xr -x 1 r oot r oot 9968 Feb 3 2000 aumi x- mi nimallr wxrwx r wx 1 r oot r oot 4 Sep 22 2000 awk -> gawk- r wxr - xr -x 1 r oot r oot 5756 Ma r 7 2000 bas ename

    ownerIDNumero (hard)

    link groupID

    chown nomeutente chgrp nomegruppo

    ÉÊ;ËÌÊÍ˺ÎÐÏÑÒÑÔÓÖÕÓº×1ØÚÙÛÏÜØÝÊ;ÙÛÞàß Ù{ÊÊbØ á�âãbäÍÑåÊæçÓéèêÓÐë�ÏÙÛÞìËéÏíâeÙ{Ê;âeÙîÓºÞ"Øîïðæ_ÓñèêÓ4ËÌÞÒÏËòØ0ÙîãeÓls -a [ nomedirettorio ]

    ß0âxÞ�Ù/óÓÐ×ãbÏ�Ë&ÓÌôYômÏ_ÙÛÞõèêÓ&ËÐÞöÓ&ËÜëñã�ÓÕxÊ;ÑåÞ÷4ø÷Ðùú÷Ìûðü�ý;ø�þqÿ���ü������mý;øÜýÍøxý��åû����ø����ls -a . cshrc

    øxû��Yü ý����Ú÷��

  • Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 17

    �����������! "$#&%('*),+.-/+!-/0213'41�#dat eti me < nomecomando> 5 6 -7098,'*:;-�

  • Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 19

     �¡�¢�£�¤�¥!¦§r¨*©Uª,¨�«X¬ &©C®S«;¯?©,¬man -s 2 rea d °± ¬\² ²3¯�³M¬*²P³|¨�²R¬ ´�&«[ ¯T© ª\©/¨J³M¬*²�µ3¨¶´�¬H·d¯[.©,¬ ®ª4µL¯T«[¬ ´�¬�¸\¯ ´�.©, .¹`!©K¯T¹B¯�¬ µº²P¨ ³�.¹`¨*©,».¯ ¬J´]¼E´2µ3¬*¹ ³�¨�«;«7½¾4¬�² ³�.©,Q´�³M¬\²P¬ ¯T© ¿.ªE¨*«;¯4».¯T²P¬4µÀµ�&²�¯9¸E¬\©HÁQ.©,V³�¬*²P³�¨/µ3¬W«[¬ ± ¨EÁ.¯T©,¬J».¯¹(¨*©QªH¨*«[¬ ¹(¨*© ± ¨/µºÃ ° ±U± ª*²P¬Ä¸U¯7´9ªH¨*«;¯�·�·�¨*²P¬ «[¨ ¸E¨*² Å »!¯4¨*¹JÆQ¯[¬�©µ�¬ÇÉÈËÊÍÌ9È$ÎÐÏÑÈ�Ò_ÓSÔ�Õ/Ö�×.Ø`Ù*ÚHÛ.ÕÙ*ÜUÔR×.Ü/×QÝßÞ Ý]ÓºÔ3ÕTÚ,àQÙ á â Ô�Õ[Ö�ã�ÔRÖMÙ ÒXÙ ÜQÔPã�Ý�ã*Ú,ä�ÙBÛUã*Ò?Ò[ÙJÝ2ÓSÔ�Õ?ÚHàQÙWÚ,ã*ÒQåæ

    ÛQã*Ò;Ò[ÙJÛQãCÝ�Ö/Ô3Õ�ä9Õ�×&ÚHãJÛQãUÕ/Ö�×.Ø(Ù\ÚHÛ.Õç(è Ù/ÓLÕ7Ý Þ Ü/Ù�ÔR×.Ò[Ù á â Ô�Õ�ÖMã\ÔPÖMÙ Ò[Ù ÜQÔPã�Ý�ã\ÚHä�Ù¶ÛQã\Ò?Ò[ÙWÜ/Ù*ÔP×.ÒXÙ>ÕTÚFÓ3ã*ÔPÙWÚ,ã*ÒåæVÛQã*Ò?Ò[ÙJÛQãEÝ�Ö/Ô3Õ�ä9Õ�×&Ú,ãJÛUã\Õ4ÖM×&Ø(Ù*ÚHÛ.Õ

    Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 20

    é�ê�ë�ì�í�î!ïð�ñEò!ó?ôPñEõ9ó[ö.÷,ñ òQñ*ø?ø�ùHúPû]ü

    ýrö.øþSó4ÿMö����*÷,ò.ó,ò.ó ��� ú�� �ö&÷,ö ���������� �����������������! � ��#"$� % &('�)*%�&+%,%-�� �".�!�/���0&,' 1�%-�2�3� &('4�5�2� 6�798!:+;!8=;@?A:CBED#7� ��"F��&4G=HI�����J"K%��LG��M)K'N)*%��LG��5�2� 6�7�8!:+;=8!

  • Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 21

     ¢¡¤£¥§¦>¡¨�¥A©�ª«¡ £E¡¢¬§¬®¯¥zªE°²±´³

    <  ¢¡¤£¥§¦>¡¨�¥A©�ª«¡ £E¡¢¬§¬®´©±³~°²±´³

    >

    >> µ ©±³I°²±´³ ¶#©�ª«¶�·³w¡Rªv·³w© ¸ ¢¡¤£¥§¦>¡¨�¥A©�ª«¡ £E¡¢¬§¬®´©±³~°²±´³[¡ £¥ ¡¢¦w¦>©¹¦

    >&

    º»=» ¡R¦p¼¤·«¨+¥A©�ª²¥½ ¾=¿(À2Á ÂCÃ�Ä�À5À ÅyÃ!ÄSÆKÇ�ÅIÁ�È�Á(Â/ÅIÄÉÀYÊ Æ$Ä=Ë+ÇAÆ.Ä�ÌLÇ]Á+È!Ä ÄSÀ2Ê3Ê�Í�Í�À5Ç�ÅTÊXÍ(ÆKÇAÎÊË+Ç�Ä!Â/Ä!Ï+Ð#ÇAÆ.Ä0Ç-À�ÅIÁ+ÎÊ�È!Ë(ÁÉÑ.Ò=Ä=Ë+Æ$Ä#ÎÁ�Í(ÇAÓ3ÊNÒ�Ê4ÈNÔ>Ç�ÅIÁ+Î�Ä=Õ½ Â~Ç#Í,Ð!Ö ÆpÇ]Ë+Ç-ÆpÇ]Ï�Ä#Æ$ÄSÀ׿×Ø ÙÛÚÜÂ~Ð#ÇyÝ�Ç-À2Ä@ÂCÍ�Ä�ÅyÇ�Ê�À5ÇNÊ,Â/Â�Á(ÅcÇ�Ê�Ô*ÇNÊ�Ç�Ë4Ç]ÂCÍNÁ�ÂLÇ}Ô�ÇMÒ#Ç,ÑFÙwË�ÄyÒcÙTÍ�ÆpÇ-ÈNÔKÄ�ÆZÕ

    Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 22

    Þßàáâãäå�æ5ç�è¢é²êëêzæ]ì~íwê îïñð�ò

    (more, sort, wc)

    gr ep “ st ring a” [ nomef i le ] ó íwêAç(ôíõç#ö÷æ®ø5ùúç�ç#ù�íí>ôRé«û!öýüEô¢æ§æQöþ ì~íwêzévÿEö÷éô¢æ§æ5ù þ ìÛü¹êzé ù é«ôRæ ë�ê§æ5ô��te e ó ç#ù��²ê5ö÷æ5ù þ ìÛü¹êzé êzé þ ìhüEùèì � öö¢é«ç��«ô÷évô¢æ ëêzæ5ô��head [- numerolin ee] [ nomef i le ]ta i l [- numerolin ee] [ nomef i le ]

    awk [- opzion i ] [ nomef i le ] ó æ êzévÿ � üê�²í>ùúÿí>ö��� öû�êAù�é«ôù¹íÛêAô¢é´ìÛöìÛùÜöRæ§æ ø5ô¢æ5ö�ù¹í>ö¤û�êAù¹évôýü¹êìwô þ ì~ê�vö þ ö´ìwù þ è �öì�ìwô¢íwé��íÛè¢æ5ô��� þ=þ ô¢í��«ö¤û4êAù�évô������������������ !�#"%$&���#'(���*)+ ���,.-�/!0213$�4545$6�7$8�%4949�� !�8�3):�;�=5=9?3)+�7@A$6���CB��D$�@E@#F�����G���H�I�#)�?I J��17�� �@A$�4K)L ����� !�M�I�D?IB3$6 N?7=O�G$6����1P��QR@A$6�R1��S�T4549�C���%U&�S?��V)���;�V@E$�4W)+ J�V)X)�$YU&� Z\[]Z\[_^�` U��7@A$��a?I�7U&�

  • Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 23

    bdcfehgfi�jlkm�npo.npqsr t�nvu�w�xzyfqst�n

    { w.|3}~Kv}L}Ww H ov~ nu�w�np Dv u�w��r.y�w|V}Wt.w�}atln�qu�w�xzyfqvt.w u�w�q �w|7}tlnqt|�\u�u��|P|�n>\w

    Cmd1stdin stdout

    8�!z ;¡ ¢P ;¢� �%£ ¤8¥I§¦E¨�©WªL«�¥3ªXª¬¨¢3®I«¯®I¡�¡S°I¡D¨�±�¨�£6� 7¦E¨6²a®�7³�¨8¤C²H®�¢�¢3®VªJ¨©´¥C¥�C¢�«¯¨�¦E°T©5©µ¨C¦#¶%°·¢�«N¨�¦E°T³�° ¦E¨6%¦A¨6«J«N°I#ªJ°�²�°�Vª�° ®%£6¡� 3®I¡*ª+«J 

    C¸�¹»º¼ ;¡ ¢P ½¢P ;%£ ¤8 ½²M¢�¡S°�²H°IVª�®VªJ¨¾²�°%³& G®IVª�°À¿Á �¡G°ÂªÁ°�²M¢3¨6«¯®I%°�  > filetemp ; < filetemp

    Cmd2stdin stdout

    Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 24

    ÃdÄfÅhÆfÇ�ÈlÉ

    ÊË%ÌÍ�ÎÏvÐ�Ï ÎÏpÎÏpÑsÒ ÐlÏÓ�Ô�Í2ÕÑsÐ�Ï

    Ö Ë ×�ØÙpÚ Û ÜÝ Þßàsá Þâfß>ãäÛ ålæ:â àç Ù�è�Ú\è ç âévêâÚêKâÜ2ësè Û ìsÜ2í îNï\ð.ñWòpóôÀõ÷ö6øIùú ûó.ò�ü ú ýþ ÿ��

  • Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 25

    ��������

    �������������������������� ��!#"$���%� �&���('�$)*)

    + �&)��,�-!."$���%� ������/ �&�102$34��� 5 6�7�8*9;:=8*? @ ACB�D$E�DD�FGD�H�ICBKJ2LNMCOPI�EPE%I�L�A�L F(Q�D$R*R OSJTJ�BUA�O1JVLWMCO�R*RXL F(Q�D�R*R Y L�ZVZ[D$E�JVD

    \]R^ECI�L�A�L F(Q�D$R*R DS_[_`D1JTJaI�ObESDcRdRfeXL�ZgM�B*E�D h

    i j kml npo nVq[rsqutwv]rxozy{r y�l,k�ks|}k~rywlw|�rw�oz|�yw{o

    ,Ux�w �; gaVw� �¡¢w£�� ¤�;¥¡¢¦§;;

    ¨ j©ks| ª>rU�l,ª|« l¬ko�|¬y�o® ¯©°U± ²�³p²G´µw¶¥·U¸z¹w²«º ² °w´¸(»½¼¬¹�º{¸

    Shellcorrente(padre)

    nuovoshell(figlio)

    comandoAttende/non attende

    attivazione

    Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 26

    ¾�¿�À�ÁÁÂÃ�Ä Å#Æ�Ç%È$ÉdÊKË2Ì�Ç�ÊSÄ�ÍGÄ�Î1Ã�Ï�Ê�Æ-Ð�ÄÑÇCÄCÊSÎ Æ�Å.È�Ð�Ç�Ê

    Ò Ó�Ô�Õ�Ö{×£Õ=ÔcØSÙ�ÚÛXÜ Ý(Þ�ß$Û*Û^à�á�â�ã[ß ä-ååwæèç£é æ ê&Û1ë Ü�ì�àCÛXß1í2ácì#ßcîzíVÜ âCß�Û*Ûfï ß�ÝGß�ë�ð�ñ�ê�Ü-î�ßÑâ%ßcÛë,Ü-ì.á$îSâCÜ ò4â%ß�ó`á�ð�Ûxípô

    õ ö-÷Cøwù{ú£û=ü$ý�þ�ÿ��� ���������������� ����� ������������� !�#"$��%&'���)(*��%+��,-(.� '����0/ �1���1"32�45 6�7,��

    '�8�#"9�7%+��,):� ;=< ����>� ?= !,�� '����>� �@ ,A��� B

    bash $ ls - lR >mieifile &[1] 23486bash $bash $ dateThu Mar 14 11:38:27 CET 2002bash $[1]+ Done ls - lR >mieifilebash $

    identificatore del nuovo processo

    Lo shell padre è immediatamente disponibile

    Lo shell padre è informato del completamento del comando

    La redirezione (soprattutto dell ’ input) è necessaria

  • Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 27

    C�D1E7FGF

    H�I�JLK6I�MNK!OPK)Q�K R�S�T�O@O

    UWV�X K RYSAT�OO Z+I X#[ K6T X T]\ X K X RYK6T�Z+T^Q�KY_�I`JLK6I�M'KO@K)a-S�T X TbZdcNQ7K>e=K�a$I X cfKOe=\ X�g K6c X I�Z+T X#[ c h

    i O>Tj_�I`JLK6I�M'KO@KNK X-[ T�J X TkR�c X c l'J*Km_�I [ T&I a-K6I1Rna#\ X R�S�T�OO

    i O>T _�I`JLK6I�M'KO@K)Q8o�I�Z&MNK6T X#[ T p q-rtsvuwyx�r:z{q-r�| } R�c X c J�T1RnT^Q�K~RYl�c X K!M'K!OPKp a$c�l'K�I [ T } I`K'l'J�c�a$T1RR5K#eK V O@K

    Tj_�I�JLK6I`MNK!O@KNSAI X:X c \ XX c7Z+T^T1Q \ X _AI�O�c�J�T p R [ JLK X�V I }h

    i K JLK>eT�JLK!Z+T X#[ K-I�KY_�I`O�c�JLK�RYK-T�RYl:JLKZ+c X c a9c X $nomevaria bilei O>I RYK X-[ I1RnRYK)Q7K)I1RR�T V�X I�ZdT X3[ cQ7K!l)T X Q'T&Q'I8O [ Kl)cQ7K RYSAT�OOGh

    =$ ~9 �55~ $  5¡W5¢£ ¤¥ y�`¦ ~ �55~§~¢5 ¤¥ ¨ ¦8© ��ª5� «�n¬ �Y$0®6�5¯ ¤¥ �°$�± ¨ ��ª5� «�n¬ 0¯=5² ¯$6³ ²Y¡´m$� ¤

    Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 28

    µ�¶1·7¸G¸

    ¹�º�»�¼&½N¾)¿7¾�ÀAÁ�ÂL¾�Á8ÃN¾!ÄP¾)¿7¾ ºYÅA»�Ä@Ä

    Æ À�Á`ÂL¾�Á8ÃN¾!Ä@¾-¿8Ç�Á�¼&Ã'¾�»8È#É*»

    Æ ÊË-Ì'Í Î6Ï�Ð�ÎÑÓÒ Î Ð�Î~ÔÖÕ×G×Ø3ÔÎ Î6Ï ÑÙ$ÎÔÎÑÕ$ÔÖÑÓÒ5ÔÖÕ Î ÑvØ3Ú�Ò5Ï�Ð�Î

    Û Ü Í`Ý5Þ¢Þ Î6Ï�Ð�ÎÑÓÒ®Î~ß×�Î~àاÐ�Î áãâ�Õ$ß�ß Ð�Î Ð9Õ�äGÒ5Ù5ßå×`Ð9Õ$ß6ß³æ Ù×Õ5Ï¢×Õ

    Û Í1çéèêÝ Î~Ï�ÐYÎmÑÓÒ§Î0ßÐYÎ~ÔÖÕ×G×Ø3ÔÎØëÐ3ÎÒnÑÓÑÓÕnáyá=اÐÕ5ß�ß³æ�Ù×Õ5Ï¢×Õ ìîí ï�ð�ñ$òåó�ô5õï ô®ö$÷1ø�ùêúû ï9ü�ýônþÿ�� ���Óþÿ �

    � ���

    ������������������������� û ü��! û � ì �"�Óþÿ # �$�!%'&£ò)(�ñ$ü ô õô þ�îüò*%+(ô ,�ò û ü��! û � ,9ï$õ6õ-� þÿ¯ï$õ6õ .� þ��ô/�ñ�þ 0 ���Óþÿ # �$�1%2�îòï3%¯ï§ò~õó�ô5õ-��üGï4,�òñ�þ5�¢ò6� ô7,ï5õ�õ98�ñ5õ:�ò; � �

    ? ï$ü ó9òmþãñ¯ôYõ>òA@5@yô5üGïB�ñ/�C�£ï®õï ó�ô5üòôYýò~õ>òprintenv

    ì û ï5ü ó�ô5ü D ô3 Wýòmï3%2�ï �8ïset

    ì û ï5ü ó�ô5ü D ò;%'�ï$ü�%�ï �

    Sono assegnatein fase di login

  • Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 29

    EGFIHKJCJL�MON'PRQ)PRS�TUQ�MKVXWZY[M]\_^�VX`aQ

    set mieif i leC =` ls * . c`Q Y[M]\_^�VX`KQbYcMK\ZdOefWIN3Q1PRef^ Q gX^Ybh>iKS�MP�Wkj�W�V�lOMKVXMmWINnWlKS�Q9P$Q W joQ;W�V�WdOefM�`OM�PpP�M Qrq�eQ;NUS�q)P�^bPMsZt]uwvyxv{z|vKu'uwt}z/~=KAR[�fbp�����O� �U�y��[b�UX�;����r��acK_�Xo ���ObK;ko*'R { �  ¡ ¢ £

    ¤ ¥ ¦ §|¨!©ª©�@? +F&8$0��"A"7/C$7&>/4�/C:!2H$0�� Y/_���.�(�[ZG&\�`"'�.$ba��F���D/c&\��+�&d4-��"7/

    egf�hji�kmln f o pjq r]s�tTuv(w xzy|{�}�~#Q�(@�

    Il carattere \ (backslash) priva un metacarattere delsuo significato

  • Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 31

    �A�]�� F¡Q�¢¤£¥F¦¢jgF§��£�¨©£jG¢ª«§|£�¢�¨�§¬H�®¯¢Q¨°²± ³@´�µ.¶(¶ µ�³²µ�·�¸�µ!¹�ºH»�±C¼'½Ç-Ë�ÌÍÅ�ÎÉJÇÍÏ�вÑÏÒ Ã ÓJÔJÕÖÑBÇÍÑB×]Ø#ÇÈÔ�Ð]ÏË`Ï`Ç�ÙÚÔ�ÎÛÅÐ�Ë�ÇÜ Ã Ý¥Ï�ÑÅ]ÙÅ�Æ|Å�ÑÞÑÏ�ÆÇ

    Ì�ß5à�×]Ô]ÑÏJÃ¥Ð�Ô�Ð á]ÏÆ0Î�Ï-ÑÞÑÏÅ�Ê ÙY×Ð�ÅÏJÕâá]Å�Ð]ÕâÇÈÔ�Ð]Ï ß Ð�Ï@ÕãÕâ×Ð]Å�Õ%ÔJÕÖÑBÇÍÑB×]Ø#ÇÈÔ�Ð�Ï ä å�æ ç å�æ è å�æ é@êëì5í`î�ïð`ñÍòó�ï]î]ôò ê õ òö0÷�ò-ôÞôò ñÈò ø%î�ñÍò ø%îJøôBù ôBï]ú#ùÈî å ù ç ò è ì å î å ñÍû é@ê

    ü øãò÷ õ ùÈîø%ò�ô�ý�þ éÿ���������ÿ�����������������ÿ��ÿ���ÿ���������ÿ�����������������ÿ��ÿ��

    Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 32

    ����� �!�"$#�%'&(#�)�* * ),+.-/%�021 031�4546% 79831�454

    := ?A@CB.;D;�EGF�HJI ?�K LMK NPOQKSRTB�?U?VK OW=YX,=ZRTK []\.LYX,= ^_ `ba�c5dfehgie!djck`mlTdfnTgiepoqgTe5`orns`tamuwv�x�uTuq`ozy{o}|~xa�lA` �`bajcx���` �`b|

  • Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 33

    ©�ª�« ¬!¬C®�¯±°Z²C³A´µ·¶C¯¹¸,´º².¶Mµ ®�°Y»´�¼q½

    ¾À¿�Á ÂÃiÄ�Ä�ÅbÆUÅbÇÅÉÈÊË Ì ÁfÍ�ÎiÁ Ì Á ÁmÄ�ÁVÏw¿TÅbÆUÅtÇÁÐÇà Ä�Ñ Ì ÅÂ�ÈÀÁ ÇÉÒAÍ�ÑÅÒ Ì Çà ÅbÍ Á�ÄÁVÑ¿�ÓÅÃ}ÍmÁ Ô

    chmod +x mioscript ; mioscript Õ Ö ÅÁÍmÁÐ×(Á�Ä�ÄÃÒ¿jÈÃq×GÒÈÅÑ{ÒA×GÁfÍ�ÈhÁ ÅbÍ Á�Ä�ÁmÑj¿mÓÅÃwÍ�ÁпfÍmà ÄØ�ÁfÇÇÙË ÅtÍ Ö ÃiÑ�Ò Ì ÁпÍà ÄØ�ÁfÇÇUÂmÁ Ì Á�ÄÁVÏw¿TÅ Ì Çà Ô

    sh mioscript Õ ÇÚÃwÂÓÅÃ}ÍmÁ Û/Ü ×GÃiÄÈ Ì ÒÇÝÚÁVÄ�ÁmÑ�¿�ÓÅÃwÍ�Á ÎAÅmÑÅÒVÄ�Ñ�¿fÍÑ{Ãq×~ÒAÍ�ÎUà ÙÞ Ú ÆmÁfÍmÁ Á�ÄÂTÇsÅÑ�ÅÉÈÒ Ì ÁÐÍ�ÁfÇ ßhÅbÇÁ Ñ�Ãq×~ÒÍ�ÎwÅTÇÚÅÍjÈÁ Ì Â Ì ÁÈÁ Ì ÅÑ�ØiÅÁ�ÄÈà ÂmÁ Ì ÇÝÚÁ�Ä�ÁVÑ¿�ÓÅÃqÍ�ÁÅbÍmÄ�Á Ì ÁÍmÎiÃà¿fÍ

  • Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 35

    DBEGFIH�HJ0KMLONQPSRUTVNXW�TZY[W\K]W

    ^#_ `babc!defcMgh�g�i-c�jlk�j�jmgA`$gonp"q1c�p'r#c�`sc�t�ueOc�vfcMu-dp'`sc w jlk�j5jQcx�`sc�p"qyx#u�h0g'd�jlc z^{ c|`�d�k'h0gq}uCi"c�p"qyx#u-h�gd�jQci-c�p�j~jQc�np�v�c$u�dg wQ^� g�e��`sk�e�u z^#^ `ba cMi#g'd�j>ccM4pj1u-q�g�i�g`#t�q}u�,g�e�e�u c!d g�e�g�?k�v�c�u-d�g w�>[z^# `�ueXj5pj1u w n�p`$u�q�g�i-c#k�e��cj1p z i�g'`s`ask'`jlc!h0u,u�hp'd�i#u�g�e�g�x-kcj1u

    a g�e�g�?k�v�c$u�dg8i-c�k'd�,u�hp"di#u t#qyu#i-k�,g k'd�np"`�u%q}g8i-c#k�e��c�j5p w p'd���g c!d^�eXj5p�jlk�e�z ��gCt#k�g�e�e�g�q�gCq�g�e�pAt�p'qjgi�c�k'dp8g�e�t�qyg�e�efc�u�dg w cMeXj>q1kv�c�u�d�c tgq c|`4u�d�jq}u�`s`$u�i-c�`bk�e�e�u zRTZKsINP �PZNQ ⇒ P�PU/U"W�PNXW�%WMLXTRTZKsINP ¡¢'WL,WMR ⇒ PZN£NQINP¤ e�gh8t�c�u

    cp m io f i l e $DI R ; echo $s t at usw

    ⇒ ¥§¦©¨:ª ⇒ « ~p'`�`bc�j1u w g�eOcMeXj1g'dv�pi�g` c!`$g?¬ i-c!q1c�j~jlc ¬ eft�p�v�c�ud�g` ®?¯�¬ ° zgr ep st r i nga f i l edi t est o

    w⇒ ¥B¦ c�` c!`�g ,u�d�jlcMgdg `�p e±j>qmc�d�x#p z

    Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 36

    ²B³G´Iµ�µ¶0·s¸%¹VºòGóõô�ò ö ÷4ø�ù0úû�ü-ý þ ÿ ���� ����� � �

    � � ����� ����������� ÿ���� � ���! "

    #�$!� � �%�&�('*) �+���,�.-�/0�1�2#�3 4�35�

    �.�64738�9�:/0�1�2#�3;3#?�,�@7

    � ACB%��DE' � ���2 FG#7$!� � ��� � ���! "

    #�$!� � �%�&�('*) �+�����.-�/0�1�2#�3 4�3

  • Sis.Op. A - UNIX - Interazione utente 37

    |~}��;g;