luis guillermo lumbreras
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7/28/2019 Luis Guillermo Lumbreras
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Chapter Title Lumbreras, Luis Guillermo
Copyright Year 2013
Copyright Holder Springer Science+Business Media New York
Corresponding Author Family Name TantaleánParticle
Given Name Henry
Suffix
Division/Department Investigador Asociado
Organization/University Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos
City Lima
Country Peru
Email [email protected]
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Comp. by: SampathKumar Stage: Galleys Chapter No.: 317 Title Name: EGADate:23/3/13 Time:00:23:06 Page Number: 1
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2 Lumbreras, Luis Guillermo
3 Henry Tantalean
4 Investigador Asociado, Instituto Frances de
5 Estudios Andinos, Lima, Peru
6 Basic Biographical Information
7 Lumbreras is one of the most influential Peruvian
8 archaeologists of the second half of the twentieth
9 century. He was born on the 29th of July in 1936
10 in the city of Huamanga, Ayacucho. Moving to
11 Lima to complete his education, first in La
12 Recoleta school, and later, in 1951, he continued
13 his secondary education at Antonio Raimondi
14 college. From the 4th year in secondary school,
15 Lumbreras founded a study group with his
16 classmates, dedicated to doing research and
17 holding social gatherings and informative
18 lectures on subjects of history and archaeology.
19 Lumbreras studied at the Universidad
20 Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM),
21 obtaining his Bachelor of Arts and Humanities
22
in 1959 and his Doctorate in Arts with special23 mention in Archaeology and Ethnology in 1960.
24 At the time of his university training, he had Raul
25 Porras Barrenechea, Luis E. Valcarcel, Jorge C.
26 Muelle, and Jose Matos Mar as professors. The
27 visiting professors he had the opportunity to work
28 with were John V. Murra, John Rowe, and Juan
29 Comas.
30 In 1960 Lumbreras joined the faculty of the
31 recently reopened Universidad de SanAu1 Cristobal
32de Huamanga in Ayacucho. There he met Cesar
33Guardia Mayorga, with whom he systematically34studied Marxism. This phase represents the
35greatest part of Lumbreras’ political and
36philosophical training, in which he matures his
37thinking due to the immersion in the Ayacucho
38reality, not only in the university, but also in the
39field and in political work.
40In 1966 Lumbreras returned to Lima to teach
41in different universities, among them the
42UNMSM. In this same year, he began excava-
43tions in Chavın de Huantar where he would
44excavate its most important archaeological con-
45text, the Galerıa de las Ofrendas (Gallery of
46Offerings). During these years, his Marxist think-
47ing matured, as it can be seen in the text he
48devoted to his excavations in Chavın (Lumbreras
491993). At this time, he masterminded what would
50to be an important analytical category of his work
51and of the so-called Archaeology as a Social
52Science school, unidad arqueolo gica
53socialmente significativa (socially significant
54archaeological unity).
55In 1960 he publishedthe book De las Artes, los
56
Pueblos y las culturas del Antiguo Peru 57(translated by Betty Meggers in 1974 as Peoples
58and Cultures of Ancient Peru) (Lumbreras 1969),
59a classic text in which the influence of positivism
60and culturalism of his academic training is still
61notable. However, he also laid out achronological
62sequence contrary to that of John Rowe,
63suggesting more evolutionary stages based on
64social processes.
C. Smith (ed.), Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2,
# Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
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65 In 1970, Lumbreras organized the symposium
66 Formaciones auto ctonas en America (Native
67 Formations in America) in the 40th International
68 Congress of Americanists, in Lima, aiming to69 unite the leftist intellectuals of Latin America.
70 Already consolidated in the UNMSM, his
71 Marxist position became more notorious and
72 influential. It materialized in one of his most
73 popular books De los orıgenes del estado en el
74 Peru (On the Origins of the State in Peru)
75 (Lumbreras 1972). In that book, it is clear that
76 what moved him towards Andean prehistory was,
77 in a Marxist style, class struggle.
78 Based on notes he made for an archaeology
79 course he taught at the University of Concepcion
80 in Chile, he published his most popular 81 theoretical book, La Arqueologıa como Ciencia
82 Social ( Archaeology as a Social Science)
83 (Lumbreras 1974). This text would inspire Jose
84 Luis Lorenzo to organize the Reunio n de
85 Teotihuacan (Meeting of Teotihuacan) in 1975,
86 establishing common lines of action in the his-
87 toric materialist perspective that the participants
88 were developing in their own countries. From
89 that meeting and from the one he organized in
90 Paracas, Peru, he crafted his book Arqueologıa de
91 la America Andina (Archaeology of Andean
92 America) (Lumbreras 1981), where he laid out
93 culture-historical areas for this part of the
94 American, influential in Andean archaeology to
95 this date.
96 In the 1970s, and under the auspice of Juan
97 Velasco Alvarado’s military government,
98 Lumbreras worked in providing the archaeologi-
99 cal cultural material the Peruvian state needed
100 (Tantalean 2005Au2 ). One of the most important
101 positions he held was that of director of the
102 Peruvian National Archaeology Museum
103
between 1973 and 1979.104 During the 1980s, his career would encompass
105 teaching and research. In those years, he wrote
106 extensively for the journal Gaceta Arqueologıa
107 Andina, refining his chronological and cultural
108 sequence of 1974 (Lumbreras 2005). In 1989,
109 he was named professor emeritus at the
110 UNMSM. The following year, he toured Europe,
111giving classes in Spain – Universidad
112Complutense de Madrid (1991) and Universidad
113Autonoma de Barcelona (1991–1994) – and
114Germany (1995–1996) where he continued115developing his Marxist approach, especially
116regarding the origins of the state (Lumbreras
1172005:192-229).
118In 1996 he returned to South America. He
119spent 4 years in Brazil, teaching at the
120Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, in
121Rio De Janeiro. Settled again in Peru in 1999,
122Lumbreras was appointed National Director of
123Culture, supporting Peruvian archaeology with
124regional projects, such as the symbolic Qhapaq
125 N ˜ an, the purpose of which is to elevate the Inca
126road system to UNESCO’s World Heritage List.127Today, outside of government and university
128structures, Lumbreras continues to be active,
129publishing and lecturing in the Marxist approach
130that has provided him with a holistic and global
131perspective of the pre-Hispanic, historic, and
132contemporary Andean world.
133Cross-References
134▶Marx, Karl
135▶Marxian Archaeologies Development:
136Peruvian, Latin American, and Social
137Archaeology Perspectives
138▶Social Archaeology
139References
140LUMBRERAS, L. 1969. De los Pueblos, las culturas y las
141artes en el antiguo Peru . Lima: Moncloa-
142Campodonico.
143- 1972. De los orıgenes del estado en el Peru . Lima: Milla
144
Batres.145- 1974. La Arqueologıacomo ciencia Social. Lima: Histar.
146- 1981. Arqueologıa de la America Andina. Lima: Milla
147Batres.
148- 1993. Chavın de Huantar. Excavaciones en la Galerı a
149delas Ofrendas. Mainz: VerlagPhillip von Zabern.
150- 2005. Arqueologıa y Sociedad . Lima: MNAAHP/
151INDEA/IEP.
L 2 Lumbreras, Luis Guillermo
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Author Query Form
Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology
Chapter No: 317
___________________________________________________________________
Query Refs. Details Required Author’s response
AU1 Please check if “Universidad de San Cristo ´ bal deHuamanga” should be changed to “La UniversidadNacional de San Cristo ´ bal de Huamanga”.
AU2 Please provide details of Tantalea ´ n (2005) in thereference list.
It´s ok as "Universidad Nacional de
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