lo que la tortuga dijo a aquiles. lewis carroll

7/24/2019 Lo Que La Tortuga Dijo a Aquiles. Lewis Carroll

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lo-que-la-tortuga-dijo-a-aquiles-lewis-carroll 1/4

www.philosophia.cl / Escuela de Filosof ía Universidad ARCIS

- 1 -

!" $%& '( )"*+%,( -./" ( 0$%.'&123!&4.1 5(**"''3

0$%.'&1 6( ('7(89(-" ( '( )"*+%,( : 1& 6( 1&8+(-" 7;<"-(<&8+& &8 1% &1=('-(3

>?01@ $%& 6(1 ''&,(-" (' A.8(' -&' 7%*1" -& 8%&1+*( 7(**&*(BC D./" '( )"*+%,(3 >?E87'%1" (=&1(* -& $%& 7"81.1+& &8 %8( .8A.8.+( 1&*.& -& -.1+(87.(1B ?F" 6(G@( =*"G(-" (',H81(G."8-" $%& '( 7"1( 8" ="-@( 1&* 6&76(BC

>I%&-& 1&* 6&76(C -./" 0$%.'&13 >JK( 1.-" 6&76(L !"#$%&'( *+,'#-./"3 M&*N1O '(1 -.1+(87.(1&1+(G(8 -.1<.8%:&8-" 7"81+(8+&<&8+&P : (1@333C

>I&*" 1. &''(1 1& .87*&<&8+(G(8 7"81+(8+&<&8+&C E8+&**%<=.; '( )"*+%,(3 >?5;<"

&8+"87&1BC

>Q8+"87&1 :" 8" -&G.&*( &1+(* -0'1 C 0$%.'&1 *&='.7; <"-&1+(<&8+&R >LS &8 T1+& <"<&8+"&2 :( -&G&*@(1 6(G&* -(-" <%76(1 U%&'+(1 ('*&-&-"* -& '( +.&**(JC

>V& (='(1+(1W333<& (='(8(1O $%.&*" -&7.*C -./" '( )"*+%,(R >L3(34 %8 =&1" =&1(-"O &1.8-.17%+.G'&J 06"*( G.&8O ?+& ,%1+(*@( 1(G&* -& %8( =.1+( -& 7(**&*(1O $%& '( <(:"*@( -& '(,&8+& .<(,.8( $%& =%&-& 7"<='&+(* &8 -"1 " +*&1 =(1"1O 7%(8-" 3. (3-#%/-/ 7"81.1+& &8 %8.8A.8.+" 8H<&*" -& -.1+(87.(1O 7(-( %8( <N1 '(*,( $%& '( (8+&*."*BC

>LV%76@1.<"O -& 6&76"JC -./" &' ,%&**&*" ,*.&,"O (' +.&<=" $%& 1(7(G( -& 1% 7(17" XI"7"1,%&**&*"1 ,*.&,"1 ="1&@(8 ,"#4%##"4 &8 ($%&''"1 -@(1Y %8( &8"*<& '.G*&+( : %8 'N=.93>JI*"7&-&L JS 6(G'( '&8+(<&8+&O ="* A(U"*L J!( &-0'%5(-61- 8" 6( 1.-" .8U&8+(-( (H8LC

>J0$%&''( 6&*<"1( I*.<&*( I*"="1.7.;8 -& Q%7'.-&1LC '( )"*+%,( <%*<%*; 7"<" &8+*&1%&Z"13 >?0-<.*(1 ( Q%7'.-&1BC

>J0=(1."8(-(<&8+&L J)(8+"O (' <&8"1O 7"<" 7'3/- %8" (-<.*(* %8 +*(+(-" $%& 8" 1&*N=%G'.7(-"O 1.8" &8 (',%8"1 1.,'"1 <N1LC

>I%&1 G.&8O +"<&<"1 %8 +*"7.+" -&' (*,%<&8+" &8 &1( I*.<&*( I*"="1.7.;8O 1;'" /"4 7-4"4 O: '( 7"87'%1.;8 &[+*(@-( -& &''"13 \& +(8 (<(G'& -& .8,*&1(*'"1 &8 +% 8%,(3&-93 S &8 "*-&8 (*&A&*.*'"1 7"8U&8.&8+&<&8+&O ''(<T<"1'&1 0O ]O : ^P

X0Y !(1 7"1(1 $%& 1"8 .,%('&1 ( '" <.1<"O 1"8 .,%('&1 &8+*& 1@3

2 )*(-%77.;8 -& 0'G&*+" 0''(*-3W :;"' 6#-&&3( +3< &8 &' "*.,.8('O $%& =%&-& 1&* &8+&8-.-" 7"<" (**":(* 7(+&,;*.7(<&8+&3 XF3 D& )3Y_ >!.G*&+(C 6( 1.-" %1(-( 7"<" +*(-%77.;8 -& :="&3>,""?< O $%& 1.,8.A.7( '.+&*('<&8+& >!.G*" -&8"+(1C3 Q8 T1+& <"<&8+"O 5(**"'' =*"="8& %8 /%&," -& =('(G*(1 &8+*& :="&3>,""?< : :="&>@""?< O*&A.*.T8-"1& '( )"*+%,( ( '( '.G*&+( -& 0$%.'&1 7"<" :="&>@""?<P F"`'.G*"O 8"`'.G*&+(3 XF3 D& )3Y




- 2 -

X]Y !"1 -"1 '(-"1 -&' +*.N8,%'" 1"8 .,%('&1 ( '" <.1<"3X^Y !"1 -"1 '(-"1 -&' +*.N8,%'" 1"8 .,%('&1 &8+*& 1@3

>!"1 '&7+"*&1 -& Q%7'.-&1 "+"*,(*N8O 1%="8,"O $%& ^ 1& 1.,%& ';,.7(<&8+& -& 0 : ]O (1@ $%&$%.T8 (7&=+& 0 : ] 7"<" U&*-(-&*(1 ?A3,3(B (7&=+(* ^ 7"<" U&*-(-&*(BC

>JE8-%-(G'&<&8+&L Q' 8.Z" <N1 /"U&8 &8 %8( 1&7%8-(*.( a+(8 =*"8+" 7"<" '(1 1&7%8-(*.(11&(8 .8U&8+(-(1O '" 7%(' 8" "7%**.*N 6(1+( %8"1 -"1 <.' (Z"1 <N1 (-&'(8+&a #" 7"87&-&*NC

>S (',H8 '&7+"* $%& ." 6(:( (7&=+(-" (H8 0 : ] 7"<" U&*-(-&*(1 ?I%&-& (H8 (7&=+(* '(43C'3.C%- 7"<" $B#%/-B \%="8,"C

>\.8 -%-( %8 '&7+"* +(' =%&-& &[.1+.*3 b' =%&-& -&7.* c07&=+" 7"<" U&*-(-&*( '(

I*"="1.7.;8 K.="+T+.7( -& $%&O 1. 0 : ] 1"8 U&*-(-&*(1O ^ -&G& 1&* U&*-(-&*(R =&*" ."-C37&" 0 : ] 7"<" U&*-(-&*(13 d8 '&7+"* 7"<" &1& -&G.&*( (G(8-"8(* /%.7."1(<&8+& (Q%7'.-&1O : -&-.7(*1& (' AH+G"'3C

>?S 8" ="-*@( &-+,%D. 6(G&* %8 '&7+"* $%& -./&*( c07&=+" 0 : ] 7"<" U&*-(-&*(1O =&*" ."-C37&" '( K.="+T+.7(efBC

>5.&*+(<&8+& =%&-& 6(G&*3 E# O +(<G.T8O 6(*@( <&/"* &8 -&-.7(*1& (' AH+G"'3C

>S .%.5'." -& &1"1 '&7+"*&1CO 7"8+.8%; '( )"*+%,(O >?&1+N C"+" G(/" '( 8&7&1.-(- ';,.7( -&

(7&=+(* ^ 7"<" U&*-(-&*(BC

>5"**&7+"C 01.8+.; 0$%.'&13

>]%&8"O (6"*(O $%.&*" $%& +3 7"81.-&*&1 7"<" %8 '&7+"* -&' 435'./" +.="O : $%& <&A%&*7&1O ';,.7(<&8+&O ( (7&=+(* ^ 7"<" U&*-(-&*(3C

>d8( )"*+%,( /%,(8-" AH+G"' 1&*@(333C Q<=&9(G( ( -&7.* 0$%.'&13

>d8( (8"*<('.-(-O ="* 7.&*+"C .8+&**%<=.; '( +"*+%,( (=*&1%*(-(<&8+&3 >F" +& -&1U@&1

-&' =%8+" JM&(<"1 ^ =*.<&*" : &' AH+G"' <N1 +(*-&LC

>?)&8," $%& A"*9(*+& ( (7&=+(* ^BC -./" 0$%.'&1 <&-.+(+.U(<&8+&3 >S +% ="1.7.;8 =*&1&8+&&1 $%& (7&=+(1 0 : ]O =&*" +H ." (7&=+(1 '( K.="+T+.7(333C

>D.,(<"1 $%& +"-" &1 5OC -./" '( )"*+%,(3

e \& *&A.&*& &8 &1+"1 +T*<.8"1 ( '( I*"="1.7.;8 K.="+T+.7(O ( '( 7"8&[.;8 -& .8A&*&87.( &8+*& 0O ] : ^3XF3 D& )3Y




- 3 -

>333=&*" +% 8" (7&=+(1P

X5Y \. 0 : ] 1"8 U&*-(-&*(1O ^ -&G& 1&* U&*-(-&*(PC

>Q1( &1 <. (7+%(' ="1.7.;8C -./" '( )"*+%,(3

>Q8+"87&1 -&G" =&-.*+& $%& (7&=+&1 53C

>!" 6(*TCO -./" '( )"*+%,(O >+(8 =*"8+" 7"<" '" 6(:(1 =%&1+" &8 &1( '.G*&+( +%:( ?g%T <N1+.&8&1 &8 &''(BC

>\;'" %8(1 ="7(1 (8"+(7."8&1C -./" 0$%.'&1O -&/(8-" 7"**&* 8&*U."1(<&8+& '(1 6"/(1P >%8"1="7"1 (=%8+&1 -&333 J-& '(1 G(+(''(1 &8 '( 7%('&1 <& 6& -.1+.8,%.-"LC

>!'&8" -& 6"/(1 G'(87(1O J:( U&"LC '( )"*+%,( ('&,*&<&8+& *&7('7;3 >J!(1 8&7&1.+(*&<"1&"/-4L3 06"*( &17*.G& '" $%& -.7+&CP

X0Y !(1 7"1(1 $%& 1"8 .,%('&1 ( '" <.1<"O 1"8 .,%('&1 &8+*& 1@3X]Y !"1 -"1 '(-"1 -&' +*.N8,%'" 1"8 .,%('&1 ( '" <.1<"3X5Y \. 0 : ] 1"8 U&*-(-&*(1O ^ -&G& 1&* U&*-(-&*(3X^Y !"1 -"1 '(-"1 -&' +*.N8,%'" 1"8 .,%('&1 &8+*& 1@3C

>D&G&*@(1 ''(<(*'" DO : 8" ^OC -./" 0$%.'&13 >U.&8& - C".&%.'-C%F. -& '(1 "+*(1 +*&13 \.

(7&=+(1 0 : ] : 5O /3,34 (7&=+(* ^3C

>?S ="*$%T /3,"BC

>I"*$%& 1& 1.,%& #F5%C-+3.&3 -& &''(13 \. 0 : ] : 5O 1"8 U&*-(-&*(1O ^ /3,3 1&* U&*-(-&*(3?)H 8" -.1=%+(*N1 34"B E<(,.8"C

>\. 0 : ] : 5 1"8 U&*-(-&*(1O ^ /3,3 1&* U&*-(-&*(OC <&-.+(G%8-(<&8+& *&=&+@( '()"*+%,(3 >Q1( &1 "&(- K.="+T+.7(O ?8" '" &1B SO 1. 6& A(''(-" &8 U&* 1% U&*-(-O =%&-" (7&=+(*0 : ] : 5O : -2. 8" (7&=+(* ^O ?8" =%&-"BC

>I%&-&1C (-<.+.; &' 7N8-.-" 6T*"&R >( =&1(* -& $%& +(' 8&7&-(- 1&( A&8"<&8('3 \. &1 $%&&1 7"4%,#33 01@ &1 $%& -&G" =&-.*+& $%& 7"87&-(1 %8( K.="+T+.7( <N13C

>V%: G.&8O &1+": 7"<='&+(<&8+& -.1=%&1+( ( 7"87&-&*'"O +(8 =*"8+" 7"<" '" 6(:(1 &17*.+"3!" ''(<(*&<"1P

XDY \. 0 : ] : 5 1"8 U&*-(-&*(1O ^ -&G& 1&* U&*-(-&*(3

?!" 6(1 =%&1+" &8 +% '.G*&+(BC




- 4 -

>J!" +&8,"LC 0$%.'&1 h"9"1(<&8+& &[7'(<;O (' +.&<=" &8 $%& ="8@( (' 'N=.9 &8 1% &1+%76&3>JS (' A.8 6&<"1 ''&,(-" (' A.8 -& T1+( .-&(' =.1+( -& 7(**&*(1L 06"*( $%& (7&=+(1 0 : ] : 5: DO 7"( 4'7'34&" (7&=+(1 ^BC

>?!" 6(,"BC -./" '( )"*+%,( .8"7&8+&<&8+&3 >K(,N<"1'" 7"<='&+(<&8+& 7'(*"3 07&=+" 0 :] : 5 : D3 \%=;8 $%& -2. *&76(9" (7&=+(* ^C

>Q8+"87&1 '( !;,.7( +& +"<(*@( ="* '( ,(*,(8+( J: &3 6"(G-(1- ( &''"LC *&='.7; 0$%.'&13 >!(!;,.7( +& -.*@( cF" =%&-&1 &U.+(*+& ( +. <.1<"3 06"*( $%& 6(1 (7&=+(-" 0 : ] : 5 : DO/3,34 (7&=+(* ^Lf (1@ $%& U&*N1 $%& 8" +&8@(1 &'&77.;8LC

>5"<" 1&( 8- 8F5%C- &1 1%A.7.&8+&<&8+& G%&8( =(*( -&7.*<& $%& U('& '( =&8( -."&-(C -./"

'( )"*+%,(3 >01@ $%& ="8 &8 +% '.G*" ="* A(U"*3 !" ''(<(*&<"1

XQY \. 0 : ] : 5 : D 1"8 U&*-(-&*(1O ^ -&G& 1&* U&*-(-&*(3

?M&1 $%& &1 %8 =(1" 7"<='&+(<&8+& .3C34-(%"BC

>S( U&"C -./" 0$%.'&1R : 6(G@( %8 +"$%& -& +*.1+&9( &8 1% +"8"3

0$%@ &' 8(**(-"*O 6(G.&8-" +&8.-" 8&,"7."1 %*,&8+&1 &8 &' G(87"O A%& "G'.,(-" ( -&/(* ('A&'.9 =(*O : 8" *&=(*; &8 &' =%8+" 8%&U(<&8+&O 6(1+( (',%8"1 <&1&1 -&1=%T13 5%(8-" '"

6.9"O 0$%.'&1 &1+(G( (H8 1&8+(-" 1"G*& '( &1=('-( -& '( <%: *&1.1+&8+& )"*+%,(O : &17*.G@(&8 1% '.G*&+(O '( 7%(' =(*&7@( &1+(* 7(1. 7"<='&+(<&8+& ''&8(3 !( )"*+%,( -&7@( >?K(1(8"+(-" &' H'+.<" =(1"B 0 8" 1&* $%& 6(:( =&*-.-" '( 7%&8+(O 1"8 <.' %8"3 K(: <%76"1<.''"8&1 <N1 ="* U&8.*3 ?5".4%/3(-(1-4 O 7"<" %8 A(U"* =&*1"8(' a+&8.&8-" &8 7%&8+( $%&<%76" -& '( .81+*%77.;8 -& T1+& 7"'"$%." 8%&1+*"O =*"U&&*N ( '"1 !;,.7"1 -&' \.,'"D.&7.8%&U&a +& .<="*+(*@(O -.,"O (-"=+(* %8 /%&," -& =('(G*(1 $%& <. =*.<"O '( i('1()"*+%,(j .8U&8+(*N &8+"87&1O =&*<.+.T8-"+& ( +. <.1<" 1&* *&G(%+.9(-" 7"<" $%.&8 ="4H.43IFJ

>J5"<" -&1&&1LC *&='.7; &' 7(81(-" ,%&**&*"O &8 '"1 6%&7"1 +"8"1 -& '( -&1&1=&*(89(O ('

+.&<=" &8 $%& 6%8-@( '( 7(*( &8+*& 1%1 <(8"13 >5"8 +(' -& $%& &2 O ="* &' =(*+&O (-"=+(*(1%8 /%&," -& =('(G*(1 $%& '( i('1( )"*+%,( 8%87( 6.9"O : =&*<.+.*+& 1&* *&G(%+.9(-" JiN7.'-& V(+(*LC

j k&A&*&87.( ( K"C?LM'(&#3 &8 *#%C3N4 */$3.&'(34 %. O"./3(#-./43 XF3 D& )3Y

lo que la tortuga dijo a aquiles. lewis carroll

Documents