libro quiriguá c.sociales y f.ciudadana 2º sem

7/26/2019 Libro Quirigu C.sociales y F.ciudadana 2 Sem

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7 Kscda - Mrupa Wucrcmu - CME[

Dcehdcgs Tadcg`es y

Oarfgdch dcuigighg

=


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Dcehdcgs Tadcgès yOarfgdch Dcuigighg

[eservgias taias às ierednas. Wueig rcmurasgfehte pranckcig `g repraiuddch tatg` a pgrdcgìe este fgtercg` eiudgtcva, par dug`qucer feica a pradeicfcehta, sch `g gutarczgdch ie` Chstctuta

Mugtefg`teda ie Eiudgdch [gicaohcdg, CME[. Temh grtduà 9; ie `g Dahstctudch Ra`tcdg ieMugtefg`g que se reoere g g gutarg.

Chstctuta Mugtefg`teda ie Eiudgdch [gicaohcdg, CME[.Es uhg akrg praiudcig par e` Iepgrtgfehta ie [eigddch y Icsea, pgrg e`

Chstctuta Mugtefg`teda ie Eiudgdch [gicaohcdg, CME[.

77 gvehcig 7>-95, Dcuigi Huevg, zahg ;Dcuigi ie Mugtefg`g.

RK^< ;97; ????Ogx< ;97; ?=29

Darrea eèdtrhcda< cmerBcmer.eiu.mtRmchg wek< www.cmer.eiu.mt

Eicdch ;27?Cfpresa eh CME[ tg`ères mrodas

Dicma< 7772=2?52;

CTKH 3=>33;3?79594


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Dcehdcgs Tadcgès y Oarfgdch Dcuigighg hicde

C

hicdehicde ............................................................................................................................................................................................. C

Kcehvehcig y kcehvehcia! .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... 7

Tefghg 7@gs dcehdcgs sadcgès.................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .......... 77

Gyer... nay... E` chcdca ie `gs sadceigies................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ...................... ..................... ..................... 7;E` fuhia ie `gs dcehdcgs sadcgès 7. @gs Dcehdcgs Tadcgès ................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .... 74 7.7 D`gscdgdch ie `gs Dcehdcgs Tadcgès..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..... 74Chvestcmue eh `g rei....................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ........... 7?[esufeh..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................ 7?Gutadahtra` .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ......... 7=

Tefghg ;Chvestcmgdch y dcehdcgs sadcgès................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............... 73

Gyer... nay...Fyrhg Fgdj ................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..... ;2

E` fuhia ie `gs dcehdcgs sadcgès 7. Chvestcmgdch y Dcehdcgs Tadcgès.................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ...................... .. ;7 7.7 E` ftaia dcehtda.................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ;7 ;. @g choarfgdch eh dcehdcgs sadcgès..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................ ;; 4. Chvestcmgdch iadufehtg .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .............. ;4 4.7 Dehtras ie choarfgdch................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............. ;4Chvestcmue eh `g rei... ................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ........... ;>Màsgrca.................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................... ;>[esufeh..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................ ;>Gutadahtra` ................................................................................................................................................................................ ;3

Tefghg 4Chvestcmgdch y dcehdcgs sadcgès................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............... 73

Ouehtes ie chvestcmgdch sadcg`................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................... 47

Gyer... nay... G_GHDTA, Gsadcgdch pgrg e` gvghde ie `gs Dcehdcgs Tadcgès .......... ................. ................. ................ ................. .. 4;E` fuhia ie `gs dcehdcgs sadcgès 7. Ouehtes ie chvestcmgdch.................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................. 44 7.7 @gs ouehtes argès.................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .... 49 ;. Yrgkgla ie dgfpa .......................................................................................................................................................... 4? ;.7 Ydhcdgs ie redaèddch ie choarfgdch................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .. 4? ;.; Drctercas pgrg d`gscdgr `g choarfgdch................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..... 4> ;.4 Rgutgs pgrg ariehgr choarfgdch .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............. 43[esufeh..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................ 97Gutadahtra` ................................................................................................................................................................................ 9;


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CME[ Wucrcmu

CC

Màsgrca..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................. ;>[esufeh................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................. ;>Gutadahtra` .................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ........... ;3Yg`èr ie chvestcmgdch................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .......... 94

Tefghg 9

Meamrgog ie Dehtragfrcdg..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ....... 95

Gyer... nay...Rgtrcfahcas ie `g Nufghcigi eh Dehtragfrcdg..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................. 9?

E` espgdca eh que vcvcfas! 7. Meamrgog ie Dehtragfrcdg< [emcahes hgturgès..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .......... 9= 7.7 E` re`ceve dehtragfercdgha ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..... 9>

7.; [edursas nircdas..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .. 52 7.4 Ducigia y dahservgdch ie às redursas hgturgès................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .. 5;[esufeh................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................. 54Gutadahtra` .................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ........... 55

Tefghg 5

Rak`gdch ie Dehtragfrcdg.................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ........... 53

Gyer... nay... @g pak`gdch ie` fuhia drede..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............ ?2

E` fuhia ie `gs dcehdcgs sadcgès 7. Rak`gdch y iefamrgog................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ...................... ..................... ................... ?7 ;. Rak`gdch ie Dehtragfrcdg.................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ......... ?; ;.7 Chicdgiares iefamrdas ie Dehtragfrcdg................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............. ?4 4. regs ie pak`gdch< rurg` y urkghg.................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................. ?=

4.7 Idct ngkctgdcahg .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ...................... ..................... ................... ?>Chvestcmue eh `g rei........................ ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ...................... ......... ?>[esufeh................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................. ?3Gutadahtra` .................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ........... =2

Tefghg ?

Gdtcvcigi edahfcdg eh Dehtragfrcdg .................... ..................... ..................... ............ =4

Gyer... nay... Ie `g tcerrg g su tgzg................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .......... =9

E` fuhia ie `gs dcehdcgs sadcgès

7. Gdtcvcigi edahfcdg eh Dehtragfrcdg.................... ...................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ....... =5 7.7 Nctas ncstrcdas eh `g gdtcvcigi edahfcdg ie Dehtragfrcdg................... ..................... ..................... . =5 7.; @g edahafg dehtragfercdghg gdtug` ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .... == ;. Gdtcvcigies praiudtcvgs y redursas hgturgès.................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... => 4. Armghcsfas que trgkglgh par `g ieoehsg ie huestra feica gfkcehte..................... ..................... ........... =3 9. @g nue``g eda`mcdg..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ...... >2[esufeh................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................. >7Gutadahtra` .................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ........... >;Yg`èr ie iesgrra`à sastehckè.................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................ >9


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CCC

Tefghg =Mrghies dcvc`czgdcahes.................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ...... >5

Gyer... nay... Du`turg, e` sehtcia ie huestrg vcig..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ... >?E` fuhia ie `gs dcehdcgs sadcgès

7. Mrghies dcvc`czgdcahes..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... >= ;. Ghtcmugs dcvc`czgdcahes ie Gfrcdg.................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... >> ;.7 @g dcvc`czgdch fgyg................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... >3 ;.; Atrgs dcvc`czgdcahes ie Gfrcdg..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................. 3; 4. Ghtcmugs dcvc`czgdcahes ie Addciehte..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............. 39[esufeh..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................ 3?Gutadahtra`..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ......... 3=

Tefghg >[epgsa< Tefghgs 7 = ................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... 727

Dfa sgdgr pravedna ie este repgsa1.................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................ 72; E` fuhia ie `gs dcehdcgs sadcgès @gs dcehdcgs sadcgès........................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .... 724 Chvestcmgdch y dcehdcgs sadcgès...................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ...... 725 Ouehtes ie chvestcmgdch..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... 72? Meamrgog ie Dehtragfrcdg< [emcahes hgturgès..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............... 72> Rak`gdch ie Dehtragfrcdg..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .............. 777 Gdtcvcigi edahfcdg eh Dehtragfrcdg..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............. 774 Mrghies dcvc`czgdcahes................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ...................... ..................... ....... 775Dfa ser `g pruekg ie evgùgdch1.................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... 77>

Tefghg 3

Ie `g Dahqucstg g `g Daàhcg................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ......... 773

Gyer... nay... @g rutg ie `gs espedcgs................... ...................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ....... 7;2E` fuhia ie `gs dcehdcgs sadcgès 7. Gfrcdg y e` fuhia addciehtg ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ... 7;7 7.7 @g dahqucstg eh `gs vades ie sus pratgmahcstgs................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ........ 7;4 ;. Rradesa ie daàhczgdch.................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................. 7;5 ;.7 Chstctudcahes daàhcgès.................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .............. 7;5Màsgrca................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... 7;=[esufeh..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................ 7;=Gutadahtra` .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ......... 7;>

Tefghg 72@g padg daàhcg`..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... 747

Gyer... nay........................ ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ......... 74; Rgtrcfahca daàhcg` ie Dehtragfrcdg..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................ 74;Chvestcmue eh `g rei....................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ........... 74;E` fuhia ie `gs dcehdcgs sadcgès 7. Armghczgdch sadcg` daàhcg`.................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .......... 744


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CME[ Wucrcmu

C_

;. Dcuigies y puekàs daàhcgès.................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..... 749 4. Yrgkgla y edahafg iurghte `g Daàhcg..................... ...................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ....... 74? 9. Evghme`czgdch y schdretcsfa re`cmcasa.................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ........... 74= 5. Du`turg daàhcg`..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............. 74> ?. Dahseduehdcgs ie `g daàhczgdch..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ...................... .................. 743[esufeh................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................. 792Gutadahtra` .................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ........... 797

Yg`èr ie chterdu`turg`cigi.................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .. 794

Tefghg 77Mugtefg`g icversg.................. ..................... ..................... ...................... ..................... ..................... ................... 795

Gyer... nay... E` cicafg fgterha, expresch ie dgig puekà..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ... 79?E` fuhia ie `gs dcehdcgs sadcgès 7. Icverscigi du`turg` y `chmstcdg.................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .... 79= ;. Ciehtcigi y dasfavcsch ie às puekàs ie Mugtefg`g..................... ..................... ..................... ................... 793Chvestcmue eh `g rei......................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ...................... ......... 759

Màsgrca..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................. 755[esufeh................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................. 755Gutadahtra` ................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .......... 75?Yg`èr ie chterdu`turg`cigi.................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .. 75=

Tefghg 7;@as Ierednas Nufghas..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... . 753

Gyer... nay... @g AHU..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............... 7?2E` fuhia ie `gs dcehdcgs sadcgès

7. @as ierednas nufghas.................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... 7?7 ;. Ied`grgdch Uhcversg` ie Ierednas Nufghas..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................. 7?; 4. _ca`gdch ie às ierednas nufghas..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............... 7?9 9. @g Dgrtg Fgmhg ie Mugtefg`g.................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..... 7?5Chvestcmue eh `g rei........................ ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .......... 7??[esufeh................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................. 7?=Gutadahtra` .................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ........... 7?>

Tefghg 74Ierednas y iekeres..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............ 7=4

Gyer... nay... @g kg`ghzg ie às ierednas y iekeres.................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... . 7=9E` fuhia ie `gs dcehdcgs sadcgès 7. Ierednas, iekeres y ak`cmgdcahes..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................... 7=5 ;. Ierednas y iekeres dcvcès y pa`tcdas..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ........... 7=?Chvestcmue eh `g rei........................ ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .......... 7>2[esufeh.................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ...................... ..................... ..................... .................. 7>2Gutadahtra` ..................... ..................... ..................... ...................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ....... 7>7Yg`èr ie ierednas y iekeres..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................ 7>9


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Tefghg 79Mugtefg`g< huestrg dafuhcigi hgdcahg`.................... ..................... ..................... .......... 7>5

Gyer... nay... Ncstarcg ie `g Fahlg K`ghdg dafa oar hgdcahg`.................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .. 7>?E` fuhia ie `gs dcehdcgs sadcgès

7. Mugtefg`g< huestrg dafuhcigi hgdcahg ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..... 7>= ;. E` Estgia..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..... 7>> 4. Armghcsfas ie` Estgia................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... 7>3 4.7 Armghcsfa @emcs`gtcva .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .............. 7>3 4.; Armghcsfa Eledutcva................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................. 7>3 4.4 Armghcsfa Luicdcg`.................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... 7>3 9. E` scstefg ie makcerha................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... 732 5. Dfa se hghdcg e` Estgia.................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .............. 737 5.7 Cfpuestas.................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................... 737Màsgrca................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... 73;[esufeh..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................ 73;Gutadahtra` .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ......... 734

Tefghg 75Elerder `g dcuigighg..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .......... 73=

Gyer... nay... @a cfpartghte es pgrtcdcpgr..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................. 73>E` fuhia ie `gs dcehdcgs sadcgès 7. Dcuigighg y hgdcahg`cigi................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .............. 733 7.7 Dcuigighg chdùyehte..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .............. 733 ;. Rgrtcdcpgdch sadcg`................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ........ ;27 ;.7 Rgrtcdcpgdch sadcg` gdtcvg y pgscvg.................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............. ;2;Chvestcmue eh `g rei....................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ........... ;24

Màsgrca................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ;24[esufeh..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................ ;24Gutadahtra` ................................................................................................................................................................................ ;29Yg`èr ie pgrtcdcpgdch dcuigighg..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ...... ;2?

Tefghg 7?@g fuler< eh kusdg ie `g equcigi.................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............ ;2=

Gyer... nay... Ig Chterhgdcahg` ie `g Fuler.................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .............. ;2>E` fuhia ie `gs dcehdcgs sadcgès

7. E` pgpe` ie `g fuler eh `g ncstarcg.................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ;23 7.7 @g fuler y `g [evaùdch Chiustrcg .................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............. ;23 7.; @g fuler ie` scmà ^^................... ...................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................. ;72 ;. @gs fuleres eh Mugtefg`g................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .............. ;7; ;.7 Chstctudcahes ie gpaya g `g fuler.................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............. ;79 ;.; Fuleres mugtefg`tedgs iestgdgigs..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ......... ;75[esufeh..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................ ;7?Gutadahtra` .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ......... ;7= @as ierednas ie `g fuler sah ierednas nufghas.................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............... ;;2


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_C

Tefghg 7=[epgsa< Tefghgs 3 7? .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............... ;;7

Dfa sgdgr pravedna ie este repgsa1.................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................. ;;; Ie `g Dahqucstg g `g Daàhcg................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................ ;;4 E` fuhia ie `gs dcehdcgs sadcgès..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..... ;;4

@g padg daàhcg`................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................. ;;5 Mugtefg`g icversg..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............. ;;> @as Ierednas Nufghas..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .. ;42 Ierednas y iekeres..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .......... ;44 Mugtefg`g, huestrg dafuhcigi hgdcahg .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ........... ;45 Elerder `g dcuigighg................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .......... ;4= @g fuler< eh kusdg ie `g equcigi.................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..... ;43Rgrg terfchgr huestra `ckra ie sadcgès.................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ........... ;9;

D`gves ................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .............. ;94

Kck`camrgog .................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ;?7


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Dcehdcgs Tadcgès y Oarfgdch Dcuigighg Kcehvehcig y kcehvehcia!

7

Kcehvehcig y kcehvehcia!

Este `ckra que nay `èmg g sus fghas ng scia prepgrgia dah dgrca y esouerza. Rertehede

g` dursa ie Dcehdcgs Tadcgès y Oarfgdch Dcuigighg ie` mrupa Wucrcmu (7 ogse ie` dcdà

kscda), dahstg ie icedcscete sefghgs, eh gs que se iesgrra``grh dugtra dafpetehdcgs fgr-dgigs par e` Durrduà Hgdcahg` Kgse (DHK).

@gs dcehdcgs sadcgès estuicgh gs sadceigies eh gs icstchtgs padgs y eh icstchtas umgres. Es

cfpartghte dahader às dgfkcas que ngh trghsoarfgia `g vcig ie `g nufghcigi g à `grma

ie `g ncstarcg, parque ngy gspedtas ie` pgsgia que perscsteh eh e` presehte y pueieh chucr

eh `g tafg ie iedcscahes ie huestrg vcig outurg.

Este dursa pretehie oarfgr g `g dcuigighg y dcuigigha mugtefg`teda ie` scmà ^^C. Rgrg

e`à, ngrefas hogscs eh às scmucehtes dafpahehtes

@g vcig y às espgdcas meamrocdas.

@gs sadceigies g trgvs ie` tcefpa, y prchdcpg`fehte, eh `g ncstarcg ie Dehtrag-frcdg y ie Mugtefg`g.

E` elerdcdca ie `g dcuigighg y às vgàres dcuigighas.

E` usa ie g choarfgdch pgrg g tafg ie iedcscahes y g resaùdch ie prakèfgs

y iesgoas.

Ghtes ie ehtrgr g` ietg`è ie `gs dafpetehdcgs pgrg este dursa, akservefas `g partgig.

E` fuhia ie `g partgig has reduerig que

safas pgrte ie` p`ghetg Ycerrg y que eh `,`gs dcehdcgs sadcgès y `g oarfgdch dcuig-

ighg sah nerrgfcehtg cfpresdchickè pgrg

gprehier g vcvcr eh sadceigi y elerder uhg

dcuigighg pèhg y respahsgkè.

@g fgha ighia uh d`cd has chvctg g ex-

pàrgr, chvestcmgr, iesdukrcr y dafpgrtcr

dahadcfcehtas dah e` resta ie` fuhia,

g trgvs ie chterhet.

@g cfgmeh ie uh mrupa ie fghas g`reieiarie uh dargzh has ngk`g ie estgkèder re-

`gdcahes sa`cigrcgs y ie cmugìgi dah

`gs persahgs que has raiegh.


11/272

CME[ Wucrcmu

;

Dafpetehdcgs ie` reg ie Dcehdcgs Tadcgès y Oarfgdch Dcuigighg

E` Durrduà Hgdcahg` Kgse prapahe `gs dugtra dafpetehdcgs espeddgs pgrg e` prcfer ga ie` dcdà

Kscda, huestra mrupa Wucrcmu. Rgrg dahdretgr e` g`dghde dgig dafpetehdcg, e` DHKseg`g uhg serceie chicdgiares ie àmra.

Olese kceh eh `g tgk`g. Eh `g pgrte supercar pueie èer `g dafpetehdcg, eh `g daùfhg czqucerig às ch-

icdgiares ie amra y eh gs deìgs ie gs daùfhgs ie g ieredng fgrdgrefas dah uhg druz e` hfera

ie sefghg a sefghgs que è gyuigrh g iesgrra``gr esg dafpetehdcg.

Dafpetehdcg 7

Iesdrcke `gs chterre`gdcahes ehtre oarfgs ie vcig ie às mrupas sadcgès y e` gfkcehte hgturg` eh

Dehtragfrcdg.

Chicdgiares ie amraTefghg

7 ; 4 9 5 ? = > 3 72 77 7; 74 79 75 7? 7=

7.7. Ciehtcocdg e` cfpgdta ie às gsehtgfcehtas

nufghas eh e` ehtarha sadcg` y hgturg` ieDehtragfrcdg.

x x x

7.;. Iesdrcke `gs oarfgs ie praiuddch y icstrc-

kudch ie kcehes, dgpctgès y servcdcas, ie

gdueria dah su ukcdgdch eh e` feica mea-

mrocda dehtragfercdgha.

x x x x x

7.4. Iesdrcke `gs oarfgs ie gigptgdch y iesg-

rra`à ie as seres nufghas ie gdueria g su

ukcdgdch y dgrgdterstcdgs meamrocdgs.x x x x

Dafpetehdcg ;

Iesdrcke `gs dgrgdterstcdgs ie `g sadceigi gdtug`, dah kgse eh às dgfkcas praiudcias par `g daà-

hczgdch y `g chtergddch ehtre puekàs chimehgs y daàhczgiares espgaès eh `g regrtcdu`gdch ie`

terrctarca, pak`gdch y pgtrahes du`turgès.


7 ; 4 9 5 ? = > 3 72 77 7; 74 79 75 7? 7=

;.7. Ciehtcocdg `g trgsdehiehdcg ie `gs du`turgs

ghtcmugs eh `g dahoarfgdch sadcadu`turg`

ie Mugtefg`g.

x x x x x

;.;. Ciehtcocdg `g trgsdehiehdcg ie `g dcvc`czgdchaddciehtg` eh `g dahoarfgdch sadcadu`turg`

ie Mugtefg`g.x x x x x

;.4. Ieiude `gs dahseduehdcgs ie `g dahqucstg y

`g daàhczgdch. x x x

;.9. Exp`cdg `g iesestrudturgdch iefamrocdg,

edahfcdg, re`cmcasg, du`turg`, pa`tcdg y sa-

dcg` ie `g pak`gdch chimehg.

x x x


12/272

Dcehdcgs Tadcgès y Oarfgdch Dcuigighg Kcehvehcig y kcehvehcia!

4

Dafpetehdcg 4

Rrgdtcdg às vgàres, iekeres y ierednas chnerehtes g taigs `gs persahgs sch icstchdch ie hchmuhg

d`gse (arcmeh, mrupa thcda, daàr ie pce`, mhera, cicafg, pascdch edahfcdg, `cgdch pa`tcdg a

re`cmcasg) que oartgèdeh e` respeta futua, `g iefadrgdcg y `g du`turg ie pgz.

Chicdgiares ie amra Tefghg7 ; 4 9 5 ? = > 3 72 77 7; 74 79 75 7? 7=

4.7. Iestgdg que e` respeta y `g akservghdcg ie

às Ierednas Nufghas es uha ie às eè-

fehtas ie g prdtcdg iefadrtcdg.x x x x x x x x x x x

4.;. Gsadcg `g pgrtcdcpgdch y prdtcdg ie às ie-

keres y ierednas dafa fcefkra ie `g da-

fuhcigi, dah `g pgrtcdcpgdch y prdtcdg ie

às iekeres y ierednas dafa chtemrghtes ie

`g sadceigi mugtefg`tedg.

x x x x x x x x

4.4. Dahdcke `g dcuigighg dafa e` elerdcdca ie

às iekeres y ierednas ie taias às fcef-kras ie `g sadceigi g pgrtcdcpgr eh ieterfc-

hgias gsuhtas que è dafpeteh.

x x x x x x x x

Dafpetehdcg 9

Gp`cdg drctercas ie g chvestcmgdch sadcg` g` ghg`czgr, d`gscdgr y armghczgr choarfgdch, eh `g ksque-

ig ie g`terhgtcvgs ie saùdch ie prakèfgs y iesgoas dah su vcig.


7 ; 4 9 5 ? = > 3 72 77 7; 74 79 75 7? 7=

9.7. Fghelg dah eocdcehdcg e` hgvemgiar a kus-dgiar ie Chterhet eh g giqucscdch ie choar-

fgdch sadcg`.

x x x x x x x

9.; Utc`czg às servcdcas ie kck`catedgs, neferate-

dgs y dehtras ie chvestcmgdch sadcg`. x x x x x x

9.4 Gp cdg drctercas ie seèddch y armghczgdch ie

icversgs ouehtes ie choarfgdch sadcg . x x x x x x x

Dah su esouerza, pair dahqucstgr estgs dafpetehdcgs g trgvs ie tres tcpas ie dahtehcias =;5 222 ngk.

Hcdgrgmug ? 24> ?5; ngk.

Dastg [cdg 5 222 ?3? ngk.

Rghgf 4 =2? 53? ngk.

Chicdgiares iefamrodas

g. Ygsg ie hgtg`cigi.> gas

Rghgf 7>.?7 9.?3 7.45 % =5.? gas


121/272

CME[ Wucrcmu

77;

Elerdcdca >Esdrckg eh `g `heg ie `g ieredng e` chicdgiar iefamrda que se iesdrcke g `g czqucerig.

7. Chicdgiar iefamrocda que reoèlg `g dghtcigi ie

gas que se esperg que vcvg uh redch hgdcia eh uh

pgs a terrctarca ieterfchgia.

;. Chicdgiar que presehtg `g icoerehdcg ehtre `g tgsg ie

hgtg`cigi y `g tgsg ie fartg`cigi eh uh pgs a terrc-tarca.

4. Chicdgiar iefamrocda que remcstrg e` hfera ie

keks hgdcias vcvas par dgig fc` ngkctghtes.

9. Chicdgiar iefamrocda que represehtg `g dghtcigi ie

pak`gdch que ngkctg uh terrctarca, par jc`fetra dug-

irgia (jf;).

Elerdcdca 3

G. Gp`cque su dgpgdcigi fgteftcdg pgrg dg`du`gr às chicdgiares iefamrocdas que se è pcieh.

7. Dg`duè e` tgsg ie hgtg`cigi ie uhg gìeg ie 42 222 ngkctghtes, sc iurghte e` ga ;275 se re -mcstrgrah =52 hgdcfcehtas.

;. Du` ser `g tgsg ie fartg`cigi ie `g fcsfg gìeg, sc eh e` fcsfa ga og`èdcerah 725 persa -hgs1

K. _ue`vg g g sefghg 5, revcse gs mrocdgs ie hgtg`cigi y fartg`cigi y dafpgre as vgàres que usteing aktehcia eh e` elerdcdca ghtercar dah às que gpgredeh g``.

7. @gs tgsgs ie hgtg`cigi y fartg`cigi sah supercares, cmugès a choercares g às ie Mugtefg`g1

;. Esdrckg ias ie às ogdtares que gyuigh g que `g esperghzg ie vcig gufehte.


122/272

Dcehdcgs Tadcgès y Oarfgdch Dcuigighg Tefghg >

774

Gdtcvcigi edahfcdg eh Dehtragfrcdg7. @g gdtcvcigi edahfcdg ie Dehtragfrcdg

Iesie `g padg ie `g Daàhcg, Dehtragfrcdg se espedcg`cz eh `g gmraexpartgdch, uh faieà eda-hfcda que tcehe ias dgrgdterstcdgs prchdcpgès421

5. Duès sah iasie `gs gdtcvcigies edahfcdgs prchdc-

pgès ie Dehtragfrcdg eh `g gdtug`cigi1

Elerdcdca 77G. Uhg ie `gs gdtcvcigies edahfcdgs fs cfpartghtes ie Dehtragfrcdg eh huestras igs es e` tu-

rcsfa. [epgse eh `g sefghg ? dfa se re`gdcahg e` turcsfa dah às redursas hgturgès y qu rces-mas feicagfkcehtgès supahe. Dafpète `g tgk`g.

[edursas hgturgès [cesmas feicagfkcehtgès

K. Ieochg dah sus pg`gkrgs às scmucehtes trfchas.

7. Fahadu`tcva. @g gkuhighdcg ie ncerkgs y oàres, dafa e` dncpc`h a `g oàr ie

czate, es uhg dgrgdterstcdg ie `g mgstrahafg ie` puekà...

Tgh Fgrdas

G`tg _ergpgz

Kglg _ergpgz

fgyg

`gicha

mgrouhg

xchdg

j'cdne'

mgrouhg

fgyg

`gicha

mgrouhg

mgrouhg

`gicha

xchdg

mgrouhg

`gicha

xchdg

mgrouhg

`gicha

xchdg

mgrouhg

`gicha

xchdg


166/272

Dcehdcgs Tadcgès y Oarfgdch Dcuigighg Tefghg 77

75=

_gàra `g dasfavcsch ie às puekàs fgygs

[eg`czgrefas este tg`èr eh ias ogses, prcfera chicvciug` y iespus eh pequeas mrupas.

@g dasfavcschie dgig puekà dafprehie às prchdcpcas fs praouhias ie su pehsgfcehta.

Rraouhicdefas eh e` pehsgfcehta fgyg

[evcse su gprehiczgle

Fgrque dah uh dneque `g dgsc``g que felar chicque su rehicfcehta. àmrgiaeh

pradesaha

àmrgia

Iespusieestuicg

r...

[edahazda `g cfpartghdcg ie `g èhmug fgterhg pgrg e` iesgrra`à

ie `gs persahgs y às puekàs.

Ukcda eh uh fgpg `chmstcda às cicafgs ie Mugtefg`g.

Ciehtcocda às eèfehtas que gpartgh ciehtcigi du`turg` y dasfavc-

sch g às puekàs y g `gs persahgs.

Dahazda y dafpgra g`muhas eèfehtas ie `g ciehtcigi y dasfavc-

sch ie às puekàs fgygs, xchdg, mgrouhg y `gicha.

Rraouhicza eh e` dahadcfcehta ie `g dasfavcsch fgyg.

Yrgkgla eh mrupas

7. Eh mrupas, dafpgrtgh qu ehseghzgs gpartg `g dasfavcsch fgyg pgrg `g vcig ie taigs

`gs persahgs, yg segh fgygs a ie atras puekàs ie` fuhia.

;. @g du`turg y g dasfavcsch ie as puekàs tgfkch tceheh su represehtgdch eh e` grte.

Rhmghse ie gdueria ehtre às icoerehtes mrupas y e`clgh dgig uha uh gspedta ie g das-

favcsch fgyg.

[epresehteh `ckrefehte e` fehsgle que ès trghsfcte ese gspedta. Rueieh ngderà g kgse

ie oatamrgogs, ie ickulas, ie paefgs, etd.

Dafpgrtgh su trgkgla, ie tg` fgherg que g` ochg`czgr tehmgh taias uhg vcsch dregtcvg

ie `g dasfavcsch fgyg.


168/272

Dcehdcgs Tadcgès y Oarfgdch Dcuigighg Tefghg 7;

753

7;

@as Ierednas Nufghas

Wu ehdahtrgr estg sefghg1

@g Armghczgdch ie `gs Hgdcahes Uhcigs

@as Ierednas Nufghas

Ied`grgdch Uhcversg` ie às Ierednas Nufghas

Chstctudcahes ie Ierednas Nufghas

@g Dgrtg Fgmhg ie Mugtefg`g

Estg sefghg àmrgr5 y ehtr eh vcmehdcg e` 79 ie ehera ie 73>?.

E` iadufehta est armghczgia eh< > ttuàs, ;? dgptuàs, ;>7 grtduàsy ;=

grtduàs trghsctarcas y ochgès. Dahtcehe `gs pgrtes scmucehtes7. Eh e``g se estgkède e` ouhdcahgfcehtaie `gDarte ie Dahstctudcahg`cigi, e` estgkèdcfcehta ie `g Dafcsch ie

Ierednas Nufghas y `g eèddch ie`Rradurgiar ie Ierednas Nufghasàs

pradeicfcehtas pgrg dgfkcgr g Dahstctudch

Grtduà 7. Rrateddch g `g persahg. E` Estgia ie Mugtefg`g searmghczg pgrg pratemer g `g persahg y g `g ogfc`cg: su och suprefa

es `g reg`czgdch ie` kceh dafh.

Grtduà 797. Takerghg. @g sakerghg rgicdg eh e` puekà quceh`g ieèmg, pgrg su elerdcdca, eh às armghcsfas @emcs`gtcva, Ele-

dutcva y Luicdcg`.

Grtduà ;=9. Rradurgiar ie Ierednas Nufghas. E` Rradurgiarie às Ierednas Nufghas es uh dafcscahgia ie` Dahmresa ie `g

[epk`cdg pgrg `g ieoehsg ie às ierednas nufghas Z...V


175/272

CME[ Wucrcmu

7??

Elerdcdca 9

G. Fgrque dah uhg equcs e` dugira ie `g apdch darredtg.

7. Duhia ehtr eh vcmehdcg `g Dahstctudch gdtug`1

;. Eh qu pgrte ie `g Dahstctudch se redameh às iere-

dnas chicvciugès y sadcgès y às iekeres dvcdas1

4. Eh qu pgrte ie g Dahstctudch se ietg``g g armghczg-

dch ie` Estgia1

K. @eg às scmucehtes grtduàs ie `g Dahstctudch y esdrckg g qu pgrte pertehedeh< iamftcdg,

armhcdg a prgmftcdg.

7 ie lu`ca ie 73>9

47 ie fgya ie 73>5

79 ie ehera ie 73>?

7. Grtduà 52. Cmugìgi ie às nclas.Yaias às nclas sah cmugès ghte `g èy y tcehehàs fcsfas ierednas. Yaig icsdrcfchgdch es puhckè.

Eh e` prefkuà

Eh `g pgrte iamftcdg

Eh `g pgrte armhcdg

Eh `g pgrte prgmftcdg

Eh `g pgrte iamftcdg

Eh `g pgrte armhcdg

;. Grtduà =7.Ieredna g `g eiudgdch.Te mgrghtczg `g `ckertgi ie ehseghzg y ie

drcterca iadehte. Es ak`cmgdch ie` Estgia prapardcahgr y ogdc`ctgr eiudgdch g susngkctghtes sch icsdrcfchgdch g`muhg. Te ied`grg ie utc`cigi y hedescigi pk`cdg `gouhigdch y fghtehcfcehta ie dehtras eiudgtcvas du`turgès y fuseas.

4. Grtduà 799. Hgdcahg`cigi ie arcmeh. Tah mugtefg`tedas ie arcmeh, às hgdciaseh e` terrctarca ie `g [epk`cdg ie Mugtefg`g, hgves y gerahgves mugtefg`tedgs yàs nclas ie pgire a fgire mugtefg`tedas, hgdcias eh e` extrghlera.

Chvestcmue eh `g rei...Dafa dcuigighas y dcuigighgs respahsgkès es huestra ieker dahader `g Dahstctudch. Tc pueie,

chmrese g< nttp


176/272

Dcehdcgs Tadcgès y Oarfgdch Dcuigighg Tefghg 7;

7?=

[esufeh

7. Uh ieredna es `g dgpgdcigi ie ngder èmtcfgfehte g`ma sch que hgice has à pueig cfpeicr.

@as ierednas nufghassah e` dahluhta ie ierednas ouhigfehtgès que taig persahg tcehe par e`

nedna ie ser persahg, par su prapcg hgturgèzg y icmhcigi. @as ierednas nufghas sah;

Gdtcvcigi ;. Rcehse y gp`cque à que gprehic.

G. Ieochg dah sus pg`gkrgs e` dahdepta ie "ierednas y iekeres dcvcès y pa`tcdas".

K. _ue`vg g èer e` grtduà 74? ie `g Dahstctudch Ra`tcdg ie g [epk`cdg y reg`cde `gs tgregs que se è

p`ghtegh g dahtchugdch.

7. Dcte ias ierednas y iekeres dvcdas y pa`tcdas que se hafkrgh eh e` grtduà 74?.

;. Wu ierednas y iekeres dree ustei que ha se dufpèh1 Dteàs y exp`cque krevefehte par

qu.

D. Iesdrckg ias sctugdcahes que sah uhg vca`gdch ie às ierednas ie uhg ogfc`cg a uha ie sus fcef-

kras. Exp`cque par qu.

7.

;.

I. Dcte uh ieredna y uhg ak`cmgdch dah respedta g` trgkgla.

Ieredna4

Gdtcvcigi 4. Iesgrra`è huevgs ngkc`cigies.

@eg dgig dgsa y reg`cde à que se è p`ghteg g dahtchugdch.

G. Icsorute ie este paefg kreve ie Nufkerta Gj'gkg` y fgrque dah uhg druz g apdch darredtg.

Dfa iesea que `èmue e` igdughia eh este pgstaias ghiuvcergh grfgias ie uh `ckra.

7. @g argdch que felar resufe e` fehsgle ie` paefg es...

Ngy que èer `ckras dughia vgfas dgfchghia.

Tc ngy fs `ckras, ngkr fehas grfgs.

Ngy que ieoehierse ma`peghia dah `ckras.

;. Dah qu ieredna a ieker ie às que estuicgfas estg sefghg se pueie re`gdcahgr e` paefg1

Rrateddch g `g ogfc`cg

Ducigia ie` feica gfkcehte

Oches ie `g eiudgdch

K. @eg y reoèxcahe sakre as scmucehte testcfahcas ie `g vcig reg`.

Fgrda Yu`ca tcehe 79 gas y est chcdcghia e` dcdà Kscda. Es tfcia y reservgia. `tcfg-fehte g`muhas dafpgeras ngh efpezgia g faèstgrà dah fg`gs pg`gkrgs, g`muhasefpulahes y gfehgzgs. Fgrda Yu`ca tcehe fceia y yg ha qucere gscstcr g` chstctuta.

7. Dah qu sctugdch ciehtcocdg g` pratgmahcstg ie` texta1

Gdasa `gkarg`

_caèhdcg chtrgogfc`cgr

Gdasa esda`gr a ku``chm

;. Wu ieke ngder sc ustei es vdtcfg a dahade g atrg persahg eh uhg sctugdch sefelghte1

"Sa fe dgs parque dre que erg gèmre estgr luhtas. Rera fc vcig ha es gs. Fc espasafe pemg sch hchmh fatcva. Fe icde que say vcelg y que ha vg`ma hgig. Tay uhg fulersa`g que suore eh scèhdca".

4. Dah qu sctugdch ciehtcocdg g `g fuler pratgmahcstg ie` texta1

Gdasa `gkarg`

_caèhdcg chtrgogfc`cgr

Gdasa esda`gr a ku``chm

9. Wu ieke ngder sc ustei es vdtcfg a dahade g atrg persahg eh uhg sctugdch sefelghte1


193/272

CME[ Wucrcmu

7>9

[evcse su gprehiczgle

Fgrque dah uh dneque `g dgsc``g que felar chicque su rehicfcehta. àmrgiaeh

pradesaha

àmrgia

Iespusieestuicgr...

Icoerehdca às dahdeptas< ierednas, iekeres y ak`cmgdcahes.

Ciehtcocda `g re`gdch ie equc`ckrca ehtre ierednas y iekeres.

Dahazda às ierednas y iekeres dvcdas y pa`tcdas redahadcias eh `g

Dahstctudch Ra`tcdg.

[eoèxcaha y dahtrgsta às ierednas y iekeres dcvcès y pa`tcdas dah

fc expercehdcg datcicghg.

Rrgdtcda fcs ierednas y iekeres eh `g ogfc`cg

@g ogfc`cg es huestra prcfer espgdca sadcg` y e` fs cfpartghte. [eoèxcahe sakre e` dufp`cfcehtaie às ierednas y iekeres iehtra ie e``g y dfa felargr às que ha se esth dufp`cehia, yg seg

par su pgrte a par pgrte ie g`mh fcefkra ie su ogfc`cg.

[e`èhe g tgk`g dah as ierednas y iekeres que prgdtcdg a iekerg prgdtcdgr eh su ogfc`cg. Iespus

fgrque `g dgsc``g s a ha, semh su dufp`cfcehta.

IesdrcpdchTe dufpèh1

T Ha

Ierednas

Iekeres

Yg`èr ie ierednas y iekeres


194/272


7>5

79

Mugtefg`g=

7. Mugtefg`g

Elerdcdca ;

Esdrckg eh `g `heg ie `g ieredng e` eèfehta ie` Estgia dah que se re`gdcahg dgig argdch. Ycehe uhelefpà.

2. Eh Mugtefg`g ngkctgh fs ie 7? fc`àhes ie persahgs.

7. Mugtefg`g tcehe uhg extehsch ie 72> >>3 jc`fetrasdugirgias.

;. @g Dahstctudch Ra`tcdg ie `g [epk`cdg ie Mugtefg`gdahtcehe gs harfgs par gs que se rcmeh taias as mug-tefg`tedas.

4. E` presciehte, vcdepresciehte y às fchcstras icrcmeh ygifchcstrgh tefparg`fehte `gs chstctudcahes ie` Estgia.

;. E` EstgiaE` Estgia es uhg sadceigi pa`tcdgfehte armghczgig que duehtg dah pak`gdch,terrctarca, makcerha y èyes. E` Estgia se dgrgdterczg par ser sakergha, es iedcr,tcehe `g dgpgdcigi ie tafgr iedcscahes sch que chtervehmgh atras Estgias.

Ghg`cdefas às eèfehtas que dahoarfgh e` Estgia3 jc`fetras dugirgias.

Takerghg< es e` paier ie` puekà, quceh à ieèmg eh às armghcsfasie` Estgia (èmcs`gtcva, eledutcva y luicdcg`).

Makcerha


198/272


7>3

4. Armghcsfas ie` EstgiaGs dafa dgig fcefkra ie `g ogfc`cg tcehe dcertgs tgregs gscmhgigs eh e` namgr,`gs tgregs ie` Estgia se ngh repgrtcia ehtre tres armghcsfas< e` @emcs`gtcva,eÈledutcvay e` Luicdcg`.

4.7 Armghcsfa @emcs`gtcva

E` Armghcsfa @emcs`gtcva tcehe `g ouhdch ie èmcs`gr,es iedcr, e`gkargr, icsdutcr y ieramgr7èyes. Estg ouh-dch `g elerdeh às icputgias y icputgigs eèmciaspar taias às dcuigighas. Dgig iepgrtgfehta ieketeher dafa fhcfa uh icputgia.

4.; Armghcsfa EledutcvaE` Armghcsfa Eledutcva tcehe `g ouhdch ie eledutgr,

es iedcr, dufp`cr y ngder dufp`cr `g Dahstctudch Ra-`tcdg ie `g [epk`cdg y `gs èyes. Estg ouhdch `g eler-deh e` presciehtey e` vcdepresciehte,eèmcias pare` vata dcuigigha y às fchcstras,eèmcias y haf-krgias par e` presciehte.

4.4 Armghcsfa Luicdcg`

@g ouhdch ie` Armghcsfa Luicdcg` es luzmgr a gifc-hcstrgr `g lustcdcg,ie gdueria g `g Dahstctudch y g`gs èyes. Estg ouhdch `g elerdeh àsluedesy fgmcs-trgias.E`às se ehdgrmgh ie luzmgr nednas ie`cdtcvas.Ieke ngker uh luzmgia ie pgz eh dgig dgkederg ie-pgrtgfehtg`.

Rgrg que e` Estgia ouhdcahe kceh, es hedesgrca que>%. Rera gh og`tg uh grma dg-fcha par redarrer. Eh ;277, fs ie ?2% ie fuleres lvehes ehtre 7? y 7> gasyg ha se remcstrgrah eh hchmh hcve` eiudgtcva, eh dafpgrgdch dah e` 5=% ieàs nafkres eh esg eigi.

Elerdcdca 4

Temh à estuicgia eh este gpgrtgia, respahig dgig premuhtg.

7. Wu chstctudch ie makcerha oue dregig dafa oruta ie às gduerias ie pgz eh gpaya g `gs

fuleres1

;. Wuches pgrtcdcpgh fs eh gdtcvcigies edahfcdgs1, fuleres u nafkres1

4. Eh eiudgdch, qu gvghde se ng igia eh keheocdca ie `gs fuleres1


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Dcehdcgs Tadcgès y Oarfgdch Dcuigighg Tefghg 7?

;74

Elerdcdca 9

[eoèxcahe sakre à estuicghia y respahig dgig premuhtg.

7. Dahscierg cfpartghte que fs fuleres pgrtcdcpeh eh pa`tcdg1 Exp`cque su respuestg.

;. Wu dafprafcsa chterhgdcahg` ng ocrfgia huestra pgs pgrg e`cfchgr g icsdrcfchgdch dah-

trg `g fuler1

d. Rgrtcdcpgdch dcuigighg y pa`tcdg ie `g fuler

@gs fuleres tceheh fgyar pgrtcdcpgdch eh armghczgdcahes sadcgès, pera taig-

vg sah fcharg eh às fkctas ie paier y tafg ie iedcscahes. Rar elefpà, eh

;279, ie 75> icputgias, saà ;2 ergh fuleres.

i. Icsdrcfchgdch y vcaèhdcg dahtrg `g fuler

@gs fuleres suoreh icsdrcfchgdch sadcg`, thcdg, edahfcdg... Temh g Dafcsch Rre-

sciehdcg` dahtrg g Icsdrcfchgdch y e` [gdcsfa dahtrg as Ruekàs Chimehgs, eh ;22?

se gtehicerah trechtg iehuhdcgs ie fuleres, dafpgrgia dah vechtcuhg iehuhdcgs ie

nafkres.

Atrg sctugdch que ehorehtgh `gs fuleres es `g vcaèhdcg. Uh choarfe ie ;22= re-

el que e` >?.?% ie `gs vdtcfgs ie vcaèhdcg chtrgogfc`cgr ouerah fuleres.

Wu se ng nedna pgrg gtehier estas prakèfgs1

Huestra pgs ng rfgia dafprafcsas chterhgdcahgès y hgdcahgès=>=, extehsch ie `g uhcigi

ie `g fuler< ;27= / ;27>

Yeòaha ie gtehdch ie iehuhdcgs< 759?Tctca wek< www.pmh.mak.mt

Aorede gsesarg èmg` y

pscda`mcdg g `g fuler y

fgire ie ogfc`cg.

Fchcsterca Rk`cda

Aodchg ie gtehdch perfghehteTeie dehtrg`< 75 gvehcig G 757? zahg 7,

; hcve`, dcuigi ie Mugtefg`g

Yeòaha< ;977 3;?;, ;977 37=9

Tctca wek< www.fp.mak.mt

Aorede e` Rrefca Rrhdcpe

ie Gsturcgs ie Daapergdch Chterhgdcahg`, dafa redahadcfcehta g su

trgkgla.

Iesie `g ouhigdch que prescie, cfpu`sg pramrgfgs eiudgtcvas y ie

pgrtcdcpgdch dcuigighg, ehtre atras.

[cmakertg Fehdn Yuf

Ieoehsarg ie às ierednas nufghas, dregiarg ie `g ouhigdch FyrhgFgdj que se ieicdg g e`gkargr estuicas pgrg dafkgtcr `g cfpuhcigi.

[edckc e` Rrefca Hake` G`terhgtcva ie `g Rgz (733;).

Eh 733= oue hafkrgig daarichgiarg ie g Dafcsch Hgdcahg` ie Gpa-

ya y Temucfcehta g` Oartgèdcfcehta ie `g Lustcdcg eh Mugtefg`g.

Neèh Kegtrcz Fgdj Dnghm

Kcàmg, chvestcmgiarg y ieoehsarg ie às redursas hgturgès. Emresg-

ig ie `g Uhcverscigi ie Tgh Dgràs ie Mugtefg`g, estuic uhg fges-

trg sakre dahservgdch ie g vcig sc`vestre eh g Uhcverscigi Hgdcahg`

ie Dastg [cdg. Mghgiarg ie` prefca chm`s Yne ]nctèy Gwgri, par su

trgkgla gderdg ie` fghela dafuhctgrca ie `g dgderg ie sukscstehdcg

eh `g @gmuhg ie @gdnu, G`tg _ergpgz.

Fgrtg Fgrèhy [asgès Feig


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CME[ Wucrcmu

;7?

[esufeh

7. E` pgpe` ie `g fuler eh g ncstarcg

7.7. @g fuler y g [evaùdch Chiustrcg`

@g gpgrcdch ie `gs okrcdgs excmc `g chdarpargdch ie `g fuler eh `g vcig `gkarg`, guhque dah sg-`grcas fs kglas que às nafkres y sch gkghiahgr e` ducigia ie` namgr.

7.;. @g fuler ie` scmà ^^

E` redùtgfcehta ie às nafkres par às elrdctas dughia estg`` `g Rrcferg Muerrg Fuhicg`

pravad `g chdarpargdch ie `gs fuleres g às puestas ie trgkgla que ielgrah às nafkres eh

e` dgfpa, `gs okrcdgs y sakre taia eh `g ehoerferg. Giefs, surmcerah `gs prcfergs iefghigs

sg`grcgès.

@gs dgrgdterstcdgs ie` trgkgla oefehcha fs `cmera y mc`, uhcia g às kglas sg`grcas, ncdcerah que

su fgha ie akrg ouerg fs sa`cdctgig.

Iespus ie `gs muerrgs fuhicgès dafehzgrah g trgkglgr fuleres dgsgigs y ie icoerehtes eig-

ies, giefs su trgkgla oue dahsciergia hedesgrca y icmha. Tch efkgrma, eh `g semuhig fctgi

ie` scmà ^^, g`muhgs fuleres remresgrah g `gkares dahsciergigs dafa prapcgs ie su dahicdch.

Taà eh g`muhaspgses ie Eurapg arcehtg`puicerah gddeier g trgkglas fs dg`cocdgias.

;. @gs fuleres eh Mugtefg`g

@g sctugdch ie `gs fuleres mugtefg`tedgs ng cia dgfkcghia sakre taia g pgrtcr ie `g ocrfg ie

às gduerias ie pgz. G`muhas igtas sah3 g ;272 `g tgsg ie fuleres gògketczgigs pgs ie uh ?3% g >>%.

Rgrtcdcpgdch dcuigighg y pa`tcdg ie `g fuler. @gs fuleres pgrtcdcpgh fs eh armghczgdca-

hes sadcgès, pera taigvg sah fcharg eh às fkctas ie paier y tafg ie iedcscahes.

Icsdrcfchgdch y vcaèhdcg dahtrg `g fuler. Rgrg gtehier estas prakèfgs se ngh ocrfgia

dafprafcsas dafa g Dahvehdch sakre g E`cfchgdch ie Yaigs gs Oarfgs ie Icsdrcfchgdch

dahtrg `g Fuler y e` Gdueria sakre Ciehtcigi y Ierednas ie às Ruekàs Chimehgs.

Ygfkch se dregrah chstctudcahes dafa `g Daarichgiarg Hgdcahg` pgrg g Rrevehdch ie g _ca-èhdcg Chtrgogfc`cgr y dahtrg `g Fuler (DAHGR[E_C) a `g Ieoehsarg ie `g Fuler Chimehg.

;.7. Ngy chstctudcahes ie gpaya g `g fuler,dafa `g Ieoehsarg ie `g Fuler, ie `g Rradurgiurg ie

às Ierednas Nufghas.

;.;. Yres fuleres mugtefg`tedgs iestgdgigs sah [cmakertg Fehdn, Neèh Fgdj y Fgrèhy [asgès.


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Dcehdcgs Tadcgès y Oarfgdch Dcuigighg Tefghg 7?

;7=

Gutadahtra`

Gdtcvcigi 7. Iefuestre à gprehicia.

[e`èhe e` dugira que darrespahie g `g respuestg darredtg.

7. Ie `gs scmucehtes, qu gtrckudch tehg g fuler ghtes ie `g [evaùdch Chiustrcg`1

trgkglgr ouerg ie dgsg

dahoeddcahgr rapg

iesdghsgr g icgrca

;. Iurghte `g Rrcferg Muerrg Fuhicg`, qu dgrgdterstcdgs ie` trgkgla oefehcha ncdcerah que `g

fgha ie akrg ie `gs fuleres ouerg fs sa`cdctgig1

`cmera, mc` y kgrgta

`cmera, mc` y dgra

kueha, mc` y dgra

4. Iespus ie g Temuhig Muerrg Fuhicg , dfa dafcehzg g dahsciergrse e` trgkgla oefehcha1

chhedesgrca y iedcehte

hedesgrca y icmha

hedesgrca, pera iedcehte

9. Wu iescmugìgies ngkg ehtre e` trgkgla oefehcha y fgsdu`cha1

`gs fuleres mghgkgh fehas que às nafkres

`gs fuleres mghgkgh fs que às nafkres

às nafkres trgkglgkgh fs que `gs fuleres

5. Ie` tatg` ie g pak`gdch mugtefg`tedg que vcvg eh pakrezg eh ;27;, qu pardehtgle ergh fu-

leres1

4?.5%

=;.5%

57.5%

?. Eh ;272, du` erg e` pardehtgle ie fuleres gògketczgigs1

?3% 3?%

>>%

=. Wu se ng nedna eh Mugtefg`g pgrg dafkgtcr `g icsdrcfchgdch dahtrg g fuler1

rfgr dafprafcsas chterhgdcahgès y hgdcahgès

dregr chstctudcahes que ve`gh par e` kcehestgr ie `gs fuleres

`gs ias ghtercares sah darredtgs


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CME[ Wucrcmu

;7>

Gdtcvcigi ;.Rcehse y gp`cque à que gprehic.

G. @eg gtehtgfehte e` texta. @uema, respahig g dgig premuhtg.

G Fgrcghg è nukcerg ehdghtgia cr g `g esdue`g

Yaigs `gs fgghgs dughia Rgkà y Lugh se vgh g `g esdue`g, Fgrcghg se queig gyuihiaèg su fgf eh às aocdcas ie `g dgsg. G e``g è mustg fudna ese `ckra ie daàres que tcehehsus nerfghctas pgrg estuicgr `gs ètrgs. G vedes, dughia e`às se iesducigh y e``g ha tcehehchmh aocdca que ngder, tafg e` `ckra a naleg y furfurg pg`gkrgs dafa sc estuvcerg eyehia.Te cfgmchg que vg g `g esdue`g dah su farrg` y `pcdes ie puhtg ochg.

G Fgrcghg è nukcerg ehdghtghia cr g `g esdue`g y guhque g sus pgps tgfkch ès nukcergmustgia, ha paigh dukrcr às mgstas ie taias. Ie fgherg que preocrcerah fghigr g às hcaspar ser nafkres y sgdrcocdgr g Fgrcghg par ser fuler.

7. Wu ieredna nufgha se è est `cfctghia g Fgrcghg1

;. Dree que este dgsa a scfc`gres sah oreduehtes eh huestra pgs a pueieh dahsciergrse gcs`gias1

Exp`cque su respuestg.

4. Wu saùdch prapahirg ustei pgrg que Fgrcghg ouerg g `g esdue`g1

K. Chvestcmue eh su dafuhcigi sakre g`muhg fuler que iestgque par su trgkgla eh `g dahstruddch ie

uhg Mugtefg`g felar. Rueieh ser dafgirahg, gmehte ie pgstarg`, prafatarg ie sgùi, etd. @uema,

dafpète `g ocdng scmucehte.

Hafkre

libro quiriguá c.sociales y f.ciudadana 2º sem

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