Mejora de la Calidad del Airepor la limitación de velocidad a

80 km/h en lasvías de acceso a Barcelona

Authors:

•José Mª Baldasano•Pedro Jiménez

•Eugeni López

•María Gonçalves

•Albert Soret

2

CALIDAD DEL AIRE EN LA CIUDAD DE BARCELONA (media a nual)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

ug/m

3

0

1

2

3

4

mg/

m3

SO2 (ug/m3)

TSP (ug/m3)

NO2 (ug/m3)

O3 (ug/m3)

PM10 (ug/m3)

CO (mg/m3)

3

Avaluació VLa de NO 2

zona 1

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

any

mitj

ana

anua

l (µg

/m³)_

Badalona

Barcelona (Sants)

Barcelona (Ciutadella)

Barcelona (Eixample)

Barcelona (Gràcia-Sant Gervasi)

Barcelona (Poblenou)

Cornellà de Llobregat

Gavà (c/ Progrés)

Gavà (Parc del Mil.lenni)

El Prat de Llobregat

L’Hospitalet de Llobregat

Santa Coloma de Gramenet

Sant Adrià de Besòs

Sant Vicenç dels Horts

ANNUAL MEAN VALUES OF NO2 and PM10

in BARCELONA METROPOLITAN AREA

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

mitj

ana

anua

l (µg/

m³)_

4

Barcelona city, is presently taking measures to improve their air quality

with the horizon of 2010:

1. Introducing blue and green parking toll areas.

2. Increase the pedestrian area.

3. Define areas of low speed circulation < 30 km / h inside of the city.

4. Bicing introduction.

1. General plan with 73 measures for the Barcelona Metropolitan Area (BMA), especially one, 80 km/h speed limit in the main entrance freeways in the city.

BMA measures to improve the air quality

5

● Phase 1:

� From December 2007: preliminary introduction of the circulation speed limit to 80 km/h in the main entrance freeways in the city

� From January 2008: obligatory introduction of the circulation speed limit to 80 km/h in the main entrance freeways in the city

● Phase 2:

� From January 15 2009: introduction of circulation variable speed with maximum to 80 km/h. It is applied first in the roads C-31 and C-32 and later will extend after the summer to the other roads

Time phases introduction of the speed limit 80 km/h circulation

in the main entrance freeways in the Barcelona metropolitan area

Objective

Evaluate the effect of the measure 80 km/h speed limit in the maEvaluate the effect of the measure 80 km/h speed limit in the main in

entrance freeways in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area in the reduentrance freeways in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area in the reduction of ction of

the air emissions and in the improvement of the air qualitythe air emissions and in the improvement of the air quality

6

Main entrance freeways in the Barcelona city affected by 80 km/h speed limitTramo v.

previa

≤80

km/h

Tramo v.

previa a

90 Tramo v.

previa a

100 Tramo v.

previa a

120

Vía Tramo pk km/h previa km km min km min km min km min

C-31 Gran Vía - Castelldefels 196 - 180 100 16 19.83% 16 2.40

C-32 Nudo Llobr. - Castelldefels 55.5 - 44 120 11.5 14.25% 11.5 2.88

B-20 Cornellà - Sant Boi (80 km/h) 3.5 - 0 80 3.5 4.34% 3.5 0.00

C-32 Nudo Llobregat - Enllaç B-23 59 - 63 100 4 4.96% 4 0.60

B-23/AP-2 Diagonal - Molins de Rei 0.5 - 12 100 11.5 14.25% 11.5 1.73

A-2 Nudo Llobregat - enlace B-23 611.5 - 606 100 5.5 6.82% 5.5 0.83

A-2 enlace B_23 - Sant Vicenç dels Horts 606 - 601 120 5 6.20% 5 1.25

B-10 (ant N II) Nudo Llobregat - Morrot 611.5 - 618 100 6.5 8.05% 6.5 0.98

C-16 Ronda de Dalt - Túnel Vallvidrera 1.8 - 6 90 4.2 5.20% 4.2 0.35

C-58 Nudo Trinitat - Montcada i Reixac (80 km/h) 0 - 1.5 80 1.5 1.86% 1.5 0.00

C-17 Nudo Trinitat - Montcada i Reixac (50-60km/) 0 - 1.5 50-60 1.5 1.86% 1.5 -0.51

B-20 (norte) Nudo Trinitat - Badalona 17 - 22 100 5 6.20% 5 0.75

C-31 Rondas - Badalona 209 - 214 90-100 5 6.20% 2.5 0.21 2.5 0.38

Fuente: Servei Català de Trànsit km totales 80.7 6.5 8.1% 6.7 8.3% 51.0 63.2% 16.5 20.4%

Tramo v.

previa

≤80

km/h

Tramo v.

previa a

90 Tramo v.

previa a

100 Tramo v.

previa a

120

km/h previa km km min km min km min km min

Zona Velocitat Variable 80-120 35 43.37% 3.5 0 0 0 20 3.0 11.5 2.9

Zona Eix Llobregat 100 (5,120) 28.5 35.32% 0 0 0 0 23.5 3.5 5 1.3

Zona Tunel Vallvidriera 90 4.2 5.20% 0 0 4.2 0.35 0 0 0 0

Zona Nord 100 (2.5,90) 13 16.11% 3 -0.51 2.5 0.21 7.5 1.1 0 0

Zona 80 km/h 80.7 6.5 -0.51 6.7 0.56 51 7.65 16.5 4.1

7

8

Methodology:

Observations Observations (traffic +

air quality)

+

ModellingModelling(meteo + emissions

+ air quality)

9

Traffic data from CIVICAT: 125 measures stations with hourly data

10

Punt aforament: C-31 a la entrada de Barcelona

Evolució de la setmana del 3-7 de Març del 2008

The effect of the speed regulation can be

observe analyzing concrete days; the measure

allows to avoid punctual congestions

11

Two types of effects

The speed limitation helps also to decrease the congestion

12

Promig estacions on s'aplica la mesura

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

M es

2007

2008

Changes in traffic intensity

Totes les estacions on s'aplica la mesura IMD VelMes IMD 2008 Vel 2008 IMD 2007 Vel 2007 2008/2007

1 48197 79 46841 93 2.90% -15.48%2 50241 79 48828 92 2.89% -14.92%3 47200 79 49043 91 -3.76% -13.26%4 51272 78 47415 94 8.14% -16.78%5 48748 78 52123 91 -6.48% -14.23%6 45782 75 48108 88 -4.83% -15.26%7 48809 75 49412 87 -1.22% -14.42%8 40598 80 41103 95 -1.23% -15.53%9 46494 78 50021 92 -7.05% -15.22%

10 48107 78 49939 92 -3.67% -14.46%11 46048 79 49425 92 -6.83% -13.80%

47409 78 48387 92 -1.92% -14.85%2008 2007

Ene-Agost 47606 47859 -0.45%Set-Nov 46883 49795 -5.85%

∆IMD 1-8 ∆IMD-9-11B-20 -1.95% -5.79%B-10 -0.36% -0.64%AP-7 -1.84% -9.19%

A-2 -0.63% -5.85%C-58 -0.40% -1.06%C-33 -1.83% -3.66%C-32 -1.92% -8.96%

C-31 Sud 4.44% -2.22%C-31 Nord -4.95% -7.84%

C-17 -13.16% -2.25%B-30 -0.07% -0.88%

B-23_AP-2 -4.16% -7.81%Todas estaciones -1.58% -5.33%

Estaciones aplicación -0.45% -5.85%

13

Totes les estacions on s'aplica la mesura dels 80km/h 2009/2007 2008/2007Mes IMD 2009 Vel 2009 IMD 2008 Vel 2008 IMD 2007 Vel 2007 IMD VEL IMD VEL

1 42010 77 48197 79 46841 93 -10.3% -17.4% 2.9% -15.5%2 49818 79 50241 79 48828 92 2.0% -14.1% 2.9% -14.9%3 48728 78 47200 79 49043 91 -0.6% -14.1% -3.8% -13.3%4 46507 78 51272 78 47415 94 -1.9% -16.7% 8.1% -16.8%5 50424 78 48748 78 52123 91 -3.3% -14.9% -6.5% -14.2%6 47113 73 45782 75 48108 88 -2.1% -17.5% -4.8% -15.3%7 49367 73 48809 75 49412 87 -0.1% -16.6% -1.2% -14.4%8 40875 79 40598 80 41103 95 -0.6% -16.7% -1.2% -15.5%9 46483 78 46494 78 50021 92 -7.1% -15.3% -7.1% -15.2%

10 47749 78 48107 78 49939 92 -4.4% -14.7% -3.7% -14.5%11 46352 78 46048 79 49425 92 -6.2% -14.7% -6.8% -13.8%

Promig 46857 77 47409 78 48387 92 -3.1% -15.7% -1.9% -14.9%

Changes in traffic intensity

14

Database information management

Biogenic emissions • Land use map • Emission factors and biomass

• Meteorological information (air temperature, solar radiation)

On road, ships and aircrafts traffic

• Roads (urban streets, roads, etc.), LTO cycles and ships routes • Hourly, weekly and monthly profiles • Distribution of the vehicles • Velocity by road type • Meteorological information (air temperature) • Type of combustibles

Industry and electric generation

• Location (point/area) • Production / electric generation • Emission factors – energetic intensity • Chimney height / diameter

Residential and commercial

• Density population map • Combustibles consume • Emission factors • Solvent use • Waste generation

Emission computation and speciation

Speciation

BVOCs NOx, VOCs, CO, SO2, particulate matter, CO2, CH4 and N2O

NOx, VOCs, CO, SO2, particulate matter, CO2, CH4 and N2O

NOx, VOCs, CO, SO2, particulate matter, CO2, CH4 and N2O

Management of emission data for air quality modelling

• Hourly aggregation of archives (4x4 km, 1x1 km grid size) • Height desaggregation (vertical layers) • Database resolution (1 - 4 km grid size) • Generation of netCDF emission files

Management of the emission information

• Visualization and analysis of the results • Management information tool

HERMES 2004: High-Elective Resolution Modelling Emission System: 1 km2 – 1 h(Baldasano et al 2008)

15

Trafico map 2004 Ministerio Fomento

Streets, Roads, Highway

• IMD.

• Composition of vehicles categories

• Circulation speed (VMC).

• Hourly, weekly and monthly cycles Mensuales.

Basic information:

MetodologyModel: Ntziachristos and Samaras

(2000)/EEA (2001) y CEPMEIP (2003)

Information: • More than 2.700 points with data of IMD and VMC of the main roads (urban and intercity) of Barcelona.

• 12 cycles schedules for working and holidays days.

• Composition of the vehicles categories of Barcelona, discriminated against five areas

Direcció de Serveis de Mobilitat Ajuntament de Barcelona

• “Araña de Tráfico” Barcelona 2004.

Traffic emission module: HERMES 2004 (1/2)

16

Traffic emission module: HERMES 2004 (2/2)

• 72 vehicles categories (EEA (Environmental European Agency) según Ntziachristosand Samaras, 2000 ))

• Emission factors: function of the circulation speed, of the antiquity, vehicle type and of the fuel used (CORINAIR)

• Vehicles categories for Spain, specific for Barcelona, Madrid, and others cities

• Barcelona and Madrid: specific data for circulation areas

�The emissions are calculated for each cell of 1 km2 taking the tracts

understood inside the cell and considering the vehicles categories and the

emission factor for each one of the established categories.

�Taking in account hourly speed and traffic intensity in BMA

17

1

10

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10000

100000

1000000

10000000

EMICAT2000-CAT HERMES2004-CAT CIVICAT2008-Z1

Evolución de la dimensión de los datos de velocidad

Nº

Pun

tos

de in

form

ació

n co

n ve

loci

dad

Evolution of the nº of speed data with the time

-HERMES2004 (EMICAT2004): 13857 km en Cataluña. Datos TeleAtlas con Vm fija. 133700 tramos

-HERMES2004: 118087 km en toda España. Datos TeleAtlas con Vm fija. 828740 tramos (incluidos islas)

-Estudio 80 km/h:Considerando el dominio 148x148km: 8202 km TeleAtlas de los cuales hay 333 km con datos CIVICAT horariosConsiderando el dominio Zona-1: 28x31=896 km2, 1731 km TeleAtlas de los cuales hay 297 km con datos CIVICAT horarios

CATALUÑA: km VelocidadesEMICAT2000-CAT 6224 16HERMES2004-CAT 13857 133700CIVICAT2008-Z1 1731 2628000

18

WEB page

19

Model assessment

20

� the absolute difference: 2008-2007 � OK, any problem

� what is the calculation base should it be used? � the percents will be different ¡¡¡

Methodological issue

� 1. Calculation domain ?

� 2. Zone 80 km/h ?

� 3. Freeway 80 km/h ?

21

Emission changes: NOx reduction

Zone 80 km/h: 4.5%4.5% Freeway 80 km/h: 11%11%

22

Emission changes: NOx reduction

Zone 80 km/h

23

Emission changes: PM10 reduction

Zone 80 km/h: 3.8%3.8% Freeway 80 km/h: 11%11%

Reducción relativa de las emisiones de PM10 en 2008 respecto 2007

-40.00%

-30.00%

-20.00%

-10.00%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

01/0

1/20

0815

/01/

2008

29/0

1/20

0812

/02/

2008

26/0

2/20

0811

/03/

2008

25/0

3/20

0808

/04/

2008

22/0

4/20

0806

/05/

2008

20/0

5/20

0803

/06/

2008

17/0

6/20

0801

/07/

2008

15/0

7/20

0829

/07/

2008

12/0

8/20

0826

/08/

2008

09/0

9/20

0823

/09/

2008

07/1

0/20

0821

/10/

2008

04/1

1/20

0818

/11/

2008

Días

%

PM10

24

Emission changes: PM10 reduction

Zone 80 km/h

25

Reduction of fuel consumption:

Zone 80 km/h: 3.8%3.8% Freeway 80 km/h: 10.4%10.4%

26

Reduction of fuel consumption:

Zone 80 km/h

27

Analysis of the day-night emissions

Variació de les emisions de PM10 2008-07 percentual - A les vies afectades per la mesura

-25%

-20%

-15%

-10%

-5%

0%

5%

10%

1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101

111

121

131

141

151

161

171

181

191

201

211

221

231

241

251

261

271

281

291

301

311

321

331

Dia

%

Variació PM10 % diürn

Variació PM10 % nocturn

Variació de les emisions de PM10 2008-07 - A les vies afectades per la mesura

-0.008

-0.007

-0.006

-0.005

-0.004

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

0.000

0.001

0.002

1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101

111

121

131

141

151

161

171

181

191

201

211

221

231

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271

281

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301

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331

Dia

Mg

PM

10

/h

Variació PM10 diürn

Variació PM10 nocturn

Variació de les emisions de NOx 2008-07 percentual - A les vies afectades per la mesura

-25%

-20%

-15%

-10%

-5%

0%

5%

10%

1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101

111

121

131

141

151

161

171

181

191

201

211

221

231

241

251

261

271

281

291

301

311

321

331

Dia

%

Variació NOx % diürn

Variació NOx % nocturn

Variació de les emisions de NOx 2008-07 - A les vies afectades per la mesura

-0.10

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0.00

0.02

0.04

1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101

111

121

131

141

151

161

171

181

191

201

211

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Dia

Mg

NO

x/h

Variació NOx diürn

Variació NOx nocturn

28

29

30

Air quality simulations

31

-0.1

-0.3

∆

15.7

32.7

2008

-0.515.8PM10(µg/m3)

-0.933.0NO2(µg/m3)

∆ %2007Intrarondes

-0.5

-1.7

∆

15.6

28.7

2008

-3.216.2PM10(µg/m3)

-6.130.4NO2(µg/m3)

∆ %2007AP-2

-0.3

-1.2

∆

11.7

20.9

2008

-2.412.0PM10(µg/m3)

-5.722.0NO2(µg/m3)

∆ %2007C-31

-0.4

-1.4

∆

16.7

35.5

2008

-2.317.1PM10(µg/m3)

-4.236.9NO2(µg/m3)

∆ %2007A-2_C-32

-0.2

-0.9

∆

10.9

17.4

2008

-1.711.1PM10(µg/m3)

-5.118.4NO2(µg/m3)

∆ %2007C-32

32

BCN SantsNO2/2007: 45µg/m3 2008:46µg/m3

BCN CiutadellaNO2/2007: 46µg/m3 2008:42µg/m3

BCN PoblenouNO2/2007: 42µg/m3 2008:47µg/m3

Sant Adrià del BesosNO2/2007: 43µg/m3 2008:42µg/m3

BadalonaNO2/2007: 39µg/m3 2008:37µg/m3

Santa Coloma de GramanetNO2/2007: 51µg/m3 2008:41µg/m3

BCN Gràcia-Sant GervasiNO2/2007: 64µg/m3 2008:62µg/m3

BCN EixampleNO2/2007: 65µg/m3 2008:66µg/m3

L’Hospitalet del LlobregatNO2/2007: 41µg/m3 2008:41µg/m3

CornellàNO2/2007: 50µg/m3 2008:54µg/m3

El Prat del LlobregatNO2/2007: 61µg/m3 2008:52µg/m3

C-31 Est mòbilNO2/2008:32µg/m3

Sant Vicenç dels HortsNO2/2007: 40µg/m3 2008:35µg/m3

Gavà Parc del Mil·leniNO2/2007: 20µg/m3 2008:18µg/m3

BCN Parc Vall d’HebronNO2/ 2008:36µg/m3

AIR QUALITY MEASURES NO2 : 2007 i 2008 from January to November

Source: Xarxa de Vigilància i Previsió de la Contaminació Atmosfèrica (XVPCA)

32Estación movil C-31-3.59%-13739Badalona

-19.58%-104151Santa Coloma de Gramenet -

Balldovina

-12.62%-53540Sant Vicenç dels Horts-0.65%04243Sant Adrià de Besòs0.28%04141L'Hospitalet de Llobregat

-11.38%-21820Gava (Parc del Mil.leni)-15.46%-95261El Prat de Llobregat7.24%45450Cornellà de Llobregat

36Barcelona (Parc Vall d'Hebrón)0.96%04645Barcelona Sants

12.95%54742Barcelona (Poblenou)-1.92%-16264Barcelona Gracia0.88%16665Barcelona Eixample-9.18%-44246Barcelona (Ciutadella)∆ %

∆ 2008-200720082007NO2(µg/m3)

Sant Andreu de la BarcaPM10/2007: 49µg/m3 2008:44µg/m3

Sant Vicenç dels HortsPM10/2007: 47µg/m3 2008:44µg/m3

Molins de ReiPM10/2007: 43µg/m3 2008:41µg/m3

Sant Vicenç dels Horts (automàtica)PM10/2007: 59µg/m3 2008:37µg/m3

Sant Feliu del LlobregatPM10/2007: 48µg/m3 2008:46µg/m3

El Prat del LlobregatPM10/2007: 88µg/m3 2008:63µg/m3

C-31 Est MòbilPST 2008:39µg/m3

Santa Coloma de GramanetPM10/2007: 43µg/m3 2008:37µg/m3

BCN Port VellPM10/2007: 38µg/m3 2008:38µg/m3

Sant Adrià del BesosPM10/2007: 43µg/m3 2008:39µg/m3

BCN Parc Vall d’HebronPM10/2008:36µg/m3

BCN IES GOYAPM10/2008:32µg/m3

BCN Poblenou (manual)PM10/2007: 54µg/m3 2008:45µg/m3

BCN Poblenou (automàtica)PM10/2007: 34µg/m3 2008:29µg/m3

Esplugues del LlobregatPM10/2007: 32µg/m3 2008:29µg/m3

BCN Plaça UniversitatPM10/2007: 43µg/m3 2008:45µg/m3

BCN Gràcia Sant GervasiPM10/2007: 44µg/m3 2008:40µg/m3

BCN Zona UniversitariaPM10/2007: 29µg/m3 2008:34µg/m3

BCN Gràcia Sant Gervasi (automàtica)PM10/2007: 39µg/m3 2008:36µg/m3

BCN Lluis Solé i SabarisPM10/07: 36µg/m3 08:48µg/m3

BCN SantsPM10/2007: 54µg/m3 2008:46µg/m3

BCN Sants (automàtica)PM10/2007: 53µg/m3 2008:52µg/m3

BCN EixamplePM10/2007: 49µg/m3 2008:37µg/m3

BCN Eixample (automàtica)PM10/2007: 39µg/m3 2008:35µg/m3

L’Hospitalet del LlobregatPM10/2007: 38µg/m3 2008:37µg/m3

AIR QUALITY MEASURES PM10 : 2007 i 2008 from January to NovemberSource: Xarxa de Vigilància i Previsió de la Contaminació Atmosfèrica (XVPCA)

-13%-53743Santa Coloma De Gramenet-6%-34447Sant Vicenç Dels Horts-4%-24648Sant Feliu De Llobregat

-11%-54449Sant Andreu De La Barca-9%-43943Sant Adrià De Besòs

-28%-246388Prat De Llobregat-4%-24143Molins De Rei-4%-13738Hospitalet De Llobregat

-11%-42932Esplugues De Llobregat33%124836BCN-Luis Solé i Sabaris

36BCN-Vall d'Hebron32BCN-IES Fco. Goya

-2%-13838BCN-Port Vell17%53429BCN-Z. Universitaria-9%-44044BCN-Gracia/S. Gervasi

-24%-113749BCN-Eixample-16%-94654BCN-Sants6%34543BCN-Pl. Universitat

-16%-94554BCN-Poblenou39Estación movil C-31

-36%-213759Sant V. dels Horts/aut.-1%05253BCN-Sants/aut.

-16%-52934BCN-Poblenou/aut.-8%-33639BCN-Gracia/aut.

-10%-43539BCN-Eixample/aut.∆ %

∆ 2008-200720082007

PM10µg/m3

34

35

Santa Coloma de Gramanet-ValldovinaNO2(µg/m3) 2007:51 2008:41 2009:43

BCN SantsNO2(µg/m3) 2007:45 2008:46 2009:41

BCN CiutadellaNO2(µg/m3) 2007:40 2008:35 2009:45

BCN PoblenouNO2(µg/m3) 2007:42 2008:47 2009:50

Sant Adrià del BesosNO2(µg/m3) 2007:40 2008:35 2009:49

BadalonaNO2(µg/m3) 2007:39 2008:37 2009:45

BCN Gràcia-Sant GervasiNO2(µg/m3) 2007:64 2008:62 2009:63

BCN EixampleNO2(µg/m3) 2007:65 2008:66 2009:62

L’Hospitalet del LlobregatNO2(µg/m3) 2007:41 2008:41 2009:43

Cornellà de LlobregatNO2(µg/m3) 2007:50 2008:54 2009:42

C-31 Est mòbilNO2 (µg/m3) 2008:32

Sant Vicenç dels HortsNO2(µg/m3) 2007:40 2008:35 2009:38

Gavà Parc del Mil·leniNO2(µg/m3) 2007:20 2008:18

BCN Parc Vall d’HebronNO2(µg/m3) 2008:36 2009:40

El Prat del LlobregatNO2(µg/m3) 2007:61 2008:52

Air quality

Roads affected by the measure

Roads not affected

DAT road

NO2: 2007, 2008, 2009.Source: Xarxa de Vigilància i Previsió de la Contaminació Atmosfèrica (XVPCA)

36

Air quality

Roads affected by the measure

Roads not affected

DAT road

Sant Andreu de la BarcaPM10 (µg/m3) 2007: 49 2008:44

Sant Vicenç dels HortsPM10(µg/m3) 2007:47 2008:44 2009:40

Molins de ReiPM10(µg/m3) 2007:43 2008:41 2009:33

Sant Vicenç dels Horts (automàtica)PM10(µg/m3) 2007:59 2008:37

Sant Feliu del LlobregatPM10(µg/m3) 2007:48 2008:46 2009:35

El Prat del LlobregatPM10(µg/m3) 2007:88 2008:63 2009:43

C-31 Est MòbilPST (µg/m3) 2008:39

Santa Coloma de GramanetPM10(µg/m3) 2007:43 2008:37 2009:33

BCN Port VellPM10(µg/m3) 2007:38 2008:38 2009:34

Sant Adrià del BesosPM10(µg/m3) 2007:43 2008:39 2009:39BCN Parc Vall d’Hebron

PM10(µg/m3) 2008:36 2009:35BCN IES GOYAPM10(µg/m3) 2008:32

BCN Poblenou (manual)PM10(µg/m3) 2007:54 2008:45 2009:46

BCN Poblenou (automàtica)PM10(µg/m3) 2007:34 2008:29

Esplugues del LlobregatPM10(µg/m3) 2007:32 2008:29 2009:32

BCN Plaça UniversitatPM10(µg/m3) 2007:43 2008:45 2009:40

BCN Gràcia Sant GervasiPM10(µg/m3) 2007:44 2008:40 2009:40

BCN Zona UniversitariaPM10(µg/m3) 2007:29 2008:34 2009:34

BCN Gràcia Sant Gervasi (automàtica )PM10(µg/m3) 2007:39 2008:36

Lluis Solé i SabarisPM10 2007:36 2008:48 2009:34

BCN SantsPM10(µg/m3) 2007:54 2008:46 2009:49

BCN EixamplePM10(µg/m3) 2007:49 2008:37 2009:41

BCN Eixample (automàtica)PM10(µg/m3) 2007:39 2008:35L’Hospitalet del Llobregat

PM10(µg/m3) 2007:38 2008:37 2009:34

Dades d´inmissió de PM10 de les estaciones manuals

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Pobl e

nou

plaça

Univ

ersit

at

Sants

Eixam

ple

Gracia

-San

t Ger

vasi

zona

Uni

vers

itaria

Port V

ell

IES F

ranc

isco

de

Goy

a

Parc d

e la

Vall

d'H

ebro

n

c/ L

uis

Solé

i Sab

aris

Esplu

gues

de

Llobr

egat

Hospi

tale

t de

Llob re

gat

Mol

ins d

e re

i

Prat d

e L lo

breg

a t

Sant A

drià

del

Bes

os

Sant A

ndre

u de

la b

arca

Sant F

eliu

de Llo

brega

t

Sant V

içens

del

horts

Santa

Colo

ma

de g

ram

anet

µg/m

3

PM10-2007PM10-2008PM10-2009Valor límite

BCN Sants (automàtica)PM10(µg/m3) 2007:53 2008:52

PM10: 2007, 2008, 2009.Source: Xarxa de Vigilància i Previsió de la Contaminació Atmosfèrica (XVPCA)

37

Affected population

Population near to the circulation roads: 1.35 million hab.

Population potentially beneficiary: 3.29 million hab.

38

Methodology:

Elements that define the evaluation of this measure type

1. The traffic intensity of the roads (s) where the measure is applied

2. Longitude of the roads (km.) affected by the measure

3. Composition of the vehicular park

4. Reduction of the speed limit (120 km/h � 80 km/h; 100 km/h � 80

km/h)

5. Reduction of the current congestion

6. Methodology used in the evaluation (modeling, measuring, etc.)

7. Superficial area of reference (roads, areas, etc.)

8. …

39

Results: EMISSIONS (1/2)

● The reduction of the emissions is:

� 4.2% - Oxides of Nitrogen - and 3.6% - PM10 - as a value average in the zone 1

� 10.2% - Oxides of Nitrogen - and 10.2% - PM10 - in the roads of speed limit 80 km/h,

taking in account the effect of the decrease of the nº vehicles from sept-2008

● This reduction of emissions is located essentially in the circulation roads, is due:

1) reduction of the speed limit (mainly)

2) reduction of the congestion

● The traffic intensity of the years 2007 and 2008 have been equivalent during the first eight

months, from the month of September-2008 a reduction of 5.9% takes place in the number

of vehicles

40

Results: EMISSIONS (2/2)

● The reduction of fuel consumption and emission of CO2 is 3.5% in the zone 1

and 9.5% in the roads with speed limit 80 km/h, taking in account the effect of

the decrease of the nº vehicles from sept-2008

● The night emissions represent 13 % of the emissions (between 23.00-5.00)

● The reduction of the emissions of NOx is due in 58.5% to the gasoline cars,

18.9% to diesel vehicles (< 3.5t) and in 15.9% to the diesel tourisms

● The reduction of the emissions of PM10 is due in 56% to the diesel cars, and

41.8% to the diesel vehicles (< 3.5t)

41

Results: AIR QUALITY

● Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) : the measure is effective in the domains C31, AP2 and A2-C32,

where the reductions in the levels of these pollutants are between 5-7%

● PM10: the improvement in the air quality is around 2-4%, with values in certain days

above 8-10%.

● This improvement of the air quality is located essentially near of the circulation roads,

and it affects a population of 1.3 million inhabitants

● Regarding the downtown of Barcelona city, the results are very limited, with reductions

about 1% for the NOx, and less for the rest of the pollutants

● The measures from the a.q. stations (XVPCA) confirm totally the modeling results

obtained, discriminating between the stations located near to the circulation roads and

those that are located in the downtown of the Barcelona city, showing the spatial reach

effect of the measure clearly

42

General conclusion: speed limit reduction to 80 km/h

● It improves the air quality

● Reduction the emissions of primary air pollutants

● Reduction the CO2 emission

● Reduction the fuels consumption

● Reduction the noise (about 3 dB)

● Improve the circulation conditions

● Improve the security conditions of traffic circulation

● Decrease the number of accidents

In consequence: � The assessment of this measure is completely positive

But, one between 73, necessary but not enough

43

Thanks for

your attention